WO2009146626A1 - Multi-energy direct axis mixed power engine - Google Patents

Abstract

A multi-energy direct axis mixed power engine includes an engine, a converter and an electric motor, the engine includes an outer shell (101), an inner shell (136), an air filter (139), a throttle valve (103), an exhaust turbine (104), a coolant cycle turbine (105), a motor (106), a piston (115), a coolant temperature compensation piston (131), a coolant temperature compensation spring (119), an output shaft (126), a heat exchanger (120), a steam turbine (121), a guide blade (122), an oil filter (128), an oil temperature compensation piston (127), an oil temperature compensation spring (125) and so on, the coolant temperature compensation piston, the heat exchanger, the steam turbine, the guide blade, the heat exchanger, the oil filter and the oil temperature compensation piston are fixed coaxially on the output shaft, the coolant temperature compensation spring is placed between the coolant temperature compensation piston and the heat exchanger. The engine can use a variety of energy sources, and can be used in a variety of vehicles, construction machines and mines.

Description

说明书 多能源直轴混合动力发动机  Specification Multi-energy direct-shaft hybrid engine

技术领域  Technical field

[1] 本发明涉及一种多能源直轴混合动力发动机， 属于发动机技术领域。  [1] The present invention relates to a multi-energy direct-shaft hybrid engine, which belongs to the technical field of engines.

背景技术  Background technique

[2] 现有的发动机， 包括往涡轮喷气发动机 （燃气轮机） ， 往复活塞式发动机， 三 角转子等发动机。 其中， 涡轮喷气发动机 （燃气轮机） 功率大， 体积大， 燃料 消耗量也大， 在民用工业上使用不够灵活， 仅能在大型机械设备 （喷气飞机、 发电站、 轮船等） 上普及使用， 限制了其使用空间。 复活塞--连杆- -曲轴动力输 出结构， 凸轮轴气门换气机构机械震动大， 噪音大， 效率低， 发动机的总热能 转换效率不超过 ₃₀%。 这种结构的发动机技术已发展到极至。 汪克尔三角转子式 内燃机， 其转子活塞及气缸制造工艺复杂， 发动机运行耐久性差， 功率受到限 制。 [2] Existing engines include engines such as turbojets (gas turbines), reciprocating piston engines, and delta rotors. Among them, turbojet engines (gas turbines) have high power, large volume, and large fuel consumption. They are not flexible enough for use in the civil industry. They can only be used in large-scale mechanical equipment (jets, power stations, ships, etc.), limiting It uses space. Complex piston--linkage--Crankshaft power output structure, camshaft valve ventilation mechanism has large mechanical vibration, high noise, low efficiency, and the total thermal energy conversion efficiency of the engine does not exceed ₃₀ %. The engine technology of this structure has been developed to the extreme. Wankel's triangular rotor internal combustion engine has complex rotor piston and cylinder manufacturing processes, poor engine running durability and limited power.

[3] 现有往复活塞发动机热能与机械能转换输出结构一汽缸-活塞-连杆-曲轴结构 有结构复杂， 运行不稳， 功率受限， 体积较大的缺点， 即由曲轴转动和连杆摆 动造成的大震动， 引起的偏塞， 汽缸密封不严， 功率降低的缺点， 连杆-曲轴结 构运转空间大引起内燃机机体占用空间大的缺点， 多活塞气缸吋， 虽然汽缸活 塞可进行直列、 对置、 V形、 W形排列， 但多缸吋， 内燃机体积变大， 而且曲轴 过长， 会由于输出端飞轮负荷扭力的作用将曲轴径向扭转， 各缸活塞与凸轮轴 气门结构的运行会协调不一， 内燃机运转不稳定， 震动剧烈， 因此曲轴的长度 受到限制， 汽缸活塞的数量受到限制。 连杆-曲轴结构的内燃机在其体积受限的 情况下， 有不宜制造更大功率发动机的缺点。 活塞-连杆-曲轴结构运转质量大， 机械能消耗大。 机壳的一体化结构决定了气缸的数量， 限制了内燃机的功率或 制作更大功率的发动机。  [3] Existing reciprocating piston engine thermal energy and mechanical energy conversion output structure One cylinder-piston-linkage-crankshaft structure has the disadvantages of complex structure, unstable operation, limited power, and large volume, that is, crankshaft rotation and connecting rod swing The large vibration caused, the partial plug caused, the cylinder seal is not strict, the disadvantage of power reduction, the large running space of the connecting rod-crankshaft structure causes the large space occupied by the internal combustion engine body, the multi-piston cylinder 吋, although the cylinder piston can be in-line, Set, V-shaped, W-shaped arrangement, but multi-cylinder 吋, the internal combustion engine becomes larger, and the crankshaft is too long, the crankshaft will be reversed by the torque of the output flywheel load, and the operation of each cylinder piston and camshaft valve structure will The coordination is inconsistent. The internal combustion engine is unstable and the vibration is severe. Therefore, the length of the crankshaft is limited and the number of cylinder pistons is limited. In the case of a connecting rod-crankshaft internal combustion engine, there is a disadvantage that it is not suitable to manufacture a more powerful engine in the case of a limited volume. The piston-link-crankshaft structure has a large running quality and a large mechanical energy consumption. The integrated structure of the casing determines the number of cylinders, limits the power of the internal combustion engine or produces a more powerful engine.

[4] 近年来， 人们对矿物能源煤、 石油、 天然气的消耗量越来越大， C0₂、 CO、[4] In recent years, people are spending more and more on fossil energy coal, oil, and natural gas, C0 ₂ , CO,

NOx、 CH等有害气体排放量越来越大， 对大气环境造成污染， 温室效应越来越 严重。 当今， 节能环保成为世界的主题， 加之燃料价格不断上涨， 所以更应提 高燃料热利用率， 减少环境污染。 The emission of harmful gases such as NOx and CH is increasing, causing pollution to the atmospheric environment, and the greenhouse effect is becoming more and more serious. Today, energy conservation and environmental protection have become the theme of the world. In addition, fuel prices are rising, so it should be mentioned. High fuel heat utilization rate, reducing environmental pollution.

[5] 人们对制氢储氢技术的进步， 制造生物能源的技术的提高， 给发动机提供了新 型的清洁能源， 给发动机提供了更加广阔的发展空间。 随着人们对新能源的开 发利用， 各种蓄电池、 燃料电池、 高效太阳能电池相继开发研究出来， 解决了 电动机的能源问题， 电动机体积小， 效率高， 环境污染小， 应用灵活， 优势明 显， 有着广阔的发展前景。  [5] The advancement of hydrogen production technology and the improvement of bioenergy technology have provided new clean energy to the engine, providing a broader space for development. With the development and utilization of new energy sources, various batteries, fuel cells, and high-efficiency solar cells have been developed and researched to solve the energy problems of electric motors. The motors are small in size, high in efficiency, small in environmental pollution, flexible in application, and obvious in advantages. Broad development prospects.

对发明的公开  Disclosure of invention

技术问题  technical problem

[6] 本发明的目的是提出一种多能源直轴混合动力发动机， 改进已有发动机的结 构， 使发动机的结构模块化、 分单元组装， 而且结构简单。 可以多机任意组合 成为串、 并联结构， 以组成任意功率的发动机， 使用多种现有的气体和液体燃 料燃烧或电能做功。  [6] The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-energy direct-shaft hybrid engine, which improves the structure of the existing engine, modularizes the structure of the engine, assembles the units, and has a simple structure. Any combination of multiple machines can be used to form a series or parallel structure to form an engine of any power, using a variety of existing gas and liquid fuel combustion or electrical work.

技术解决方案  Technical solution

[7] 本发明提出的多能源直轴混合动力发动机， 包括发动机、 转换器和电动发动 机， 发动机、 转换器和电动发动机依次相连。  [7] The multi-energy direct-shaft hybrid engine proposed by the present invention includes an engine, a converter, and an electric engine, and the engine, the converter, and the electric motor are sequentially connected.

[8] 上述多能源直轴混合动力发动机中， 所述的发动机包括外壳、 内壳、 空气滤清 器、 节气门、 废气涡轮、 冷却液循环涡轮、 电动机、 压气涡轮、 中冷器、 液压 臂、 汽缸套、 汽缸盖、 活塞、 输出轴、 冷却液温度补偿活塞、 冷却液温度补偿 弹簧、 换热器、 蒸汽涡轮、 导流叶片、 散热器、 润滑油滤清器、 润滑油温度补 偿活塞、 润滑油温度补偿弹簧、 冷却液循环管、 空气循环管、 废气循环管和真 空腔；  [8] In the above multi-energy direct-shaft hybrid engine, the engine includes a casing, an inner casing, an air cleaner, a throttle, an exhaust gas turbine, a coolant circulation turbine, an electric motor, a gas turbine, an intercooler, and a hydraulic arm. , cylinder liner, cylinder head, piston, output shaft, coolant temperature compensation piston, coolant temperature compensation spring, heat exchanger, steam turbine, guide vane, radiator, lube filter, lube temperature compensation piston, Lubricating oil temperature compensation spring, coolant circulation pipe, air circulation pipe, exhaust gas circulation pipe and vacuum chamber;

[9] 所述的空气滤清器和节气门同轴固定在发动机前口外壳中心线上， 废气涡轮、 冷却液循环涡轮、 电动机、 压气涡轮、 中冷器、 液压臂、 汽缸套、 汽缸盖和活 塞从左至右依次同轴固定在内壳一边的中心线上； 中冷器与汽缸盖之间形成高 压气室， 液压臂置于高压气室内， 液压臂的活塞与汽缸盖相连； 所述的汽缸盖 和活塞置于汽缸套内， 活塞外表面设有半圆凹槽， 汽缸套上开有钢球固定孔， 活塞与汽缸套通过钢球相互联动， 汽缸盖为一涡轮， 汽缸盖内部设有电磁进气 门， 活塞为一涡轮， 活塞内部设有排气门， 活塞与汽缸盖之间形成燃烧室； [10] 所述的输出轴固定在内壳另一边的中心线上， 输出轴与活塞之间形成润滑油 腔， 输出轴的端部***活塞内； 所述的冷却液温度补偿活塞、 换热器、 蒸汽涡 轮、 导流叶片、 散热器、 润滑油滤清器和润滑油温度补偿活塞从左至右依次同 轴固定在输出轴上， 冷却液温度补偿弹簧置于冷却液温度补偿活塞与换热器之 间， 润滑油温度补偿弹簧置于润滑油温度补偿活塞与外壳端部之间； [9] The air cleaner and the throttle are coaxially fixed on the center line of the front casing of the engine, exhaust gas turbine, coolant circulation turbine, electric motor, compressed air turbine, intercooler, hydraulic arm, cylinder liner, cylinder head And the piston is coaxially fixed from the left to the right on the center line of one side of the inner casing; a high pressure air chamber is formed between the intercooler and the cylinder head, the hydraulic arm is placed in the high pressure gas chamber, and the piston of the hydraulic arm is connected with the cylinder head; The cylinder head and the piston are placed in the cylinder liner, the outer surface of the piston is provided with a semicircular groove, the cylinder sleeve is provided with a steel ball fixing hole, the piston and the cylinder sleeve are interlocked by a steel ball, the cylinder head is a turbine, and the cylinder head is internally An electromagnetic intake valve is provided, the piston is a turbine, an exhaust valve is arranged inside the piston, and a combustion chamber is formed between the piston and the cylinder head; [10] The output shaft is fixed on the center line on the other side of the inner casing, and a lubricating oil cavity is formed between the output shaft and the piston, and the end of the output shaft is inserted into the piston; the coolant temperature compensation piston and heat exchange , steam turbine, guide vane, radiator, lube filter and lube oil temperature compensation piston are coaxially fixed on the output shaft from left to right, and the coolant temperature compensation spring is placed in the coolant temperature compensation piston and exchange Between the heat exchangers, a lubricant temperature compensation spring is placed between the lubricant temperature compensation piston and the end of the casing;

[11] 所述的内壳置于外壳内， 内壳和外壳之间由内向外依次布置有冷却液循环管、 空气循环管和真空腔， 废气循环管沿圆周均布在冷却液循环管和空气循环管之 间。  [11] The inner casing is placed in the outer casing, and a coolant circulation pipe, an air circulation pipe and a vacuum chamber are arranged between the inner casing and the outer casing from the inside to the outside, and the exhaust gas circulation pipe is uniformly distributed along the circumference of the coolant circulation pipe and Between the air circulation tubes.

[12] 上述多能源直轴混合动力发动机中， 所述的转换器包括第一轴、 第二轴、 第三 轴， 内啮合套、 外啮合套、 第一电磁阀、 第二电磁阀、 第三电磁阀、 第四电磁 阀、 第一制动器、 第二制动器、 前行星齿轮、 后行星齿轮、 第一轴齿圏固定 盘、 第三轴齿圏固定盘和第一轴内液压油管；  [12] In the above multi-energy direct-shaft hybrid engine, the converter includes a first shaft, a second shaft, a third shaft, an inner sleeve, an outer sleeve, a first solenoid valve, a second solenoid valve, and a first a third solenoid valve, a fourth solenoid valve, a first brake, a second brake, a front planetary gear, a rear planetary gear, a first shaft gear fixed plate, a third shaft tooth fixed plate and a first shaft hydraulic oil pipe;

[13] 所述的第一轴、 第二轴、 内啮合套和外啮合套同轴固定在外壳的中心线上， 内 啮合套位于外啮合套内；  [13] The first shaft, the second shaft, the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve are coaxially fixed on a center line of the outer casing, and the inner sleeve is located in the outer sleeve;

[14] 所述的内啮合套为工字形， 中间为细管， 两端为粗管， 细管的中央设有隔板， 内啮合套的两端粗管内壁圆周上设有轮齿， 细管一端的内壁上设有花键， 第一 轴和第二轴分别从两端伸入内啮合套内， 置于隔板的两侧， 第一轴的端部与隔 板之间形成液压油腔， 第一轴内设有液压油管， 液压油管与第四电磁阀相连 通， 第二轴的端部设有花键， 该花键与内啮合套细管内壁上的花键相互啮合； [14] The inner sleeve is in the shape of an I-shape, the middle is a thin tube, the ends are thick tubes, the middle of the thin tube is provided with a partition, and the inner ends of the inner tube of the inner sleeve are provided with teeth on the circumference of the inner wall. The inner wall of one end of the tube is provided with a spline, and the first shaft and the second shaft respectively extend from the two ends into the inner sleeve, and are placed on both sides of the partition, and the hydraulic oil is formed between the end of the first shaft and the partition a hydraulic oil pipe is disposed in the first shaft, the hydraulic oil pipe is connected to the fourth electromagnetic valve, and the end of the second shaft is provided with a spline, and the spline is engaged with the spline on the inner wall of the inner sleeve;

[15] 所述的外啮合套与第一轴和第二轴同轴安装在外壳的中心线上， 外啮合套为工 字形， 中间为细管， 两端为粗管， 外啮合套的两端粗管内壁分别设有长齿和短 齿， 长齿在外侧， 短齿在内侧， 第二电磁阀置于外啮合套两个粗管之间； [15] The outer sleeve is coaxially mounted on the center line of the outer casing with the first shaft and the second shaft, the outer sleeve is an I-shaped shape, the middle is a thin tube, the two ends are thick tubes, and the outer sleeves are two The inner wall of the end thick pipe is respectively provided with long teeth and short teeth, the long teeth are on the outer side, the short teeth are on the inner side, and the second electromagnetic valve is placed between the two thick pipes of the outer sleeve;

[16] 所述的第一轴上设有齿圏和齿圏固定盘， 前行星齿轮安装在第一轴齿圏固定盘 的一侧， 前行星齿轮的内侧与第一轴上的齿圏相互啮合， 并位于外啮合套的一 端粗管内， 前行星齿轮外侧与外啮合套一端粗管内壁上的长齿相互啮合， 第一 轴齿圏固定盘上设有外啮合齿圏和内啮合齿圏， 外啮合齿圏与外啮合套一端粗 管内壁上的短齿相互啮合， 内啮合齿圏与内啮合套一端粗管内壁上的轮齿相互 啮合； [17] 所述的第三轴上设有齿圏和齿圏固定盘， 后行星齿轮安装在第三轴齿圏固定盘 的一侧， 后行星齿轮的内侧与第三轴上的齿圏相互啮合， 并位于外啮合套的另 一端的粗管内， 后行星齿轮外侧与外啮合套另一端粗管内壁上的长齿相互啮 合， 第三轴齿圏固定盘上设有外啮合齿圏和内啮合齿圏， 外啮合齿圏与外啮合 套另一端粗管内壁上的短齿相互啮合， 内啮合齿圏与内啮合套另一端粗管内壁 上的轮齿相互啮合； [16] The first shaft is provided with a gingival and gingival fixed disc, the front planetary gear is mounted on one side of the first shaft gingival fixed disc, and the inner side of the front planetary gear and the gingival on the first shaft are mutually Engaging, and located in one end of the outer sleeve of the outer sleeve, the outer side of the front planetary gear meshes with the long teeth on the inner wall of the thick tube at one end of the outer sleeve, and the first shaft toothed fixed disc is provided with an external toothed tooth and an inner meshing tooth The outer meshing gingival and the short teeth on the inner wall of the thick tube at one end of the outer sleeve are in mesh with each other, and the inner toothed yoke and the teeth on the inner wall of the inner tube of the inner sleeve are engaged with each other; [17] The third shaft is provided with a gingival and gingival fixed disc, and the rear planetary gear is mounted on one side of the third shaft gingival fixed disc, and the inner side of the rear planetary gear and the gingival on the third shaft are mutually Engaging, and located in the thick tube at the other end of the outer sleeve, the outer side of the rear planetary gear meshes with the long tooth on the inner wall of the other end of the outer sleeve, and the third shaft toothed fixed disc is provided with an external gear tooth and inner Engaging the gums, the external gears mesh with the short teeth on the inner wall of the other end of the outer sleeve, and the inner gears mesh with the teeth on the inner wall of the other end of the inner sleeve;

[18] 所述的第二轴穿入第三轴， 第三轴与第二轴成滑动配合， 第二轴端部的花键插 入内啮合套另一端的细管内， 与内啮合套细管内壁上的花键相互啮合；  [18] The second shaft penetrates into the third shaft, the third shaft is in sliding engagement with the second shaft, and the spline of the second shaft end is inserted into the thin tube at the other end of the inner sleeve, and the inner sleeve is in the thin tube The splines on the wall engage each other;

[19] 所述的第一电磁阀通过第一制动器与前行星齿轮联动， 第三电磁阀通过第二制 动器与后行星齿轮联动。  [19] The first solenoid valve is interlocked with the front planetary gear through the first brake, and the third electromagnetic valve is coupled to the rear planetary gear through the second brake.

[20] 上述多能源直轴混合动力发动机中， 所述的节气门包括步进电机、 驱动齿轮、 驱动齿套、 叶片、 叶片轴和叶片支架； 所述的步进电机安装在壳体内， 所述的 叶片有 ₆〜18个， 所述的驱动齿轮的数量与叶片的数量相等， 驱动齿轮沿圆周均 布， 置于驱动齿套内， 并与驱动齿套上的内齿相互啮合， 驱动齿轮与叶片同轴 安装在叶片轴上， 叶片轴固定在叶片支架上， 叶片支架通过固定螺钉固定在壳 体上； 所述的步进电机与任意一组同轴安装的驱动齿轮和叶片同轴安装。 [20] In the above multi-energy direct-shaft hybrid engine, the throttle valve includes a stepping motor, a driving gear, a driving tooth sleeve, a blade, a blade shaft, and a blade bracket; the stepping motor is installed in the casing, There are _{6 to} 18 vanes, the number of the driving gears is equal to the number of the blades, the driving gears are evenly distributed along the circumference, placed in the driving sleeve, and mesh with the internal teeth on the driving sleeve, driving the gear Coaxially mounted on the blade shaft coaxially with the blade, the blade shaft is fixed on the blade bracket, and the blade bracket is fixed on the casing by fixing screws; the stepping motor is coaxially mounted with any set of coaxially mounted drive gears and blades .

有益效果  Beneficial effect

[21] 本发明提出的多能源直轴混合动力发动机， 其优点是：  [21] The multi-energy direct-shaft hybrid engine proposed by the present invention has the following advantages:

[22] 1、 发动机整机为模块化结构， 结构简单， 使用灵活， 便于组装检修， 提高功 率， 可以达到双机串 /并联、 多机串并 /连、 多机立体并连捆绑、 多机组立体堆积 组成发动机阵列， 活塞 -涡轮 -驱动轴直轴结构可以制造不同功率的发动机， 而且 结构紧凑， 体积较小。  [22] 1. The whole engine is modular structure, simple in structure, flexible in use, easy to assemble and repair, and improve power. It can achieve double serial/parallel, multi-machine serial/connected, multi-machine three-dimensional and even bundled, multi-unit The three-dimensional stacking constitutes the engine array, and the piston-turbine-drive shaft straight-shaft structure can manufacture engines of different powers, and is compact and small in size.

[23] 2、 发动机的重量小， 减少了机械损失， 使发动机运转更安静、 平稳， 节省燃 料， 提高功率。  [23] 2. The engine has a small weight, which reduces mechanical losses, makes the engine run quieter and more stable, saves fuel and increases power.

[24] 3、 本发动机中， 用电磁气门代替了传统发动机中横置凸轮轴进排气机构， 使 发动机的结构更紧凑， 机件更少， 节省了材料， 减轻了发动机重量， 整机做得 更小、 更灵活， 同吋减少了震动， 降低了噪音。  [24] 3. In this engine, the electromagnetic valve is used to replace the transverse camshaft intake and exhaust mechanism in the traditional engine, so that the structure of the engine is more compact, the parts are less, the material is saved, the weight of the engine is reduced, and the whole machine is made. It is smaller and more flexible, and it reduces vibration and reduces noise.

[25] 4、 本发动机中活塞的轴向长度变长， 在汽缸内的导向性更好， 活塞在汽缸内 做旋转运动， 活塞壁与汽缸壁各点摩擦均匀， 缸壁与活塞密封更好， 因此防止 了汽缸内高压气体挤进废气室， 避免了由于活塞滑动局部磨损造成的漏气而导 致功率下降。 即使有废气进入废气室也可以与废气汇合排出。 [25] 4. The axial length of the piston in the engine becomes longer, the guiding property in the cylinder is better, and the piston is in the cylinder. In the rotary motion, the piston wall and the cylinder wall are evenly rubbed at each point, and the cylinder wall and the piston are better sealed, thereby preventing the high-pressure gas in the cylinder from being squeezed into the exhaust chamber, thereby avoiding the power drop caused by the leakage caused by the partial wear of the piston sliding. Even if there is exhaust gas entering the exhaust chamber, it can be combined with the exhaust gas to be discharged.

[26] 5、 本发动机中， 由于在活塞中有排气涡轮， 使得排气过程也做功， 热能与机 械能转换效率更高， 同吋， 在活塞运行到上下止点的过程中， 废气驱动活塞旋 转， 避免了活塞在上下止点不做功的现象， 使活塞顺利通过上下止点， 发动机 运转更稳定。 活塞长度变长， 废气经过涡轮的吋间长， 可以更好地利用排气动 能， 提高发动机功率和热利用效率。 同吋， 活塞废气涡轮的使用保证了活塞在 排气和压缩吋需要的机械能， 无须传统发动机中惯性飞轮的辅助， 减轻了发动 机质量。  [26] 5. In this engine, because there is an exhaust turbine in the piston, the exhaust process also works, and the thermal energy and mechanical energy conversion efficiency is higher. Similarly, in the process of the piston running to the top and bottom dead center, the exhaust gas drives the piston. Rotation, avoiding the phenomenon that the piston does not work at the upper and lower dead points, so that the piston smoothly passes the upper and lower dead points, and the engine runs more stably. The length of the piston becomes longer, and the exhaust gas passes through the turn of the turbine to better utilize the exhaust energy to improve engine power and heat utilization efficiency. At the same time, the use of the piston exhaust turbine ensures the mechanical energy required for the piston to be vented and compressed, eliminating the need for inertial flywheels in conventional engines and reducing the quality of the engine.

[27] 6、 本发动机中， 钢球将活塞支撑悬浮在气缸内做往复旋转运动， 活塞轴向自 平衡稳定， 活塞运转平稳， 并防止了偏塞。  [27] 6. In this engine, the steel ball suspends the piston support in the cylinder for reciprocating rotary motion. The piston axial self-balancing is stable, the piston runs smoothly, and the deflection is prevented.

[28] 7、 本发动机中的汽缸盖可以轴向移动， 改变燃烧室的容积， 从而改变燃料的 压缩比。 而且汽缸盖和活塞的气门升程可变， 使得发动机可以使用各种燃料， 如汽油、 柴油、 天然气、 液化石油气、 甲醇、 乙醇、 二甲醚、 氢气等。  [28] 7. The cylinder head in this engine can move axially, changing the volume of the combustion chamber, thus changing the compression ratio of the fuel. Moreover, the valve lift of the cylinder head and the piston is variable, so that the engine can use various fuels such as gasoline, diesel, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, hydrogen, and the like.

[29] 8、 电动发电机可使用充电电池、 超级电容器、 燃料电池、 太阳能电池供电。  [29] 8. Motor generators can be powered by rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and solar cells.

转换器将发动机与电动发电机结合， 对机械能进行调节转换组成混合动力多种 能源发动机。 电机既是发动机的起动机， 又是发电机、 电动机， 所以该机为理 想的机械能转换装置。  The converter combines the engine with a motor-generator to adjust and convert the mechanical energy to form a hybrid multi-energy engine. The motor is both the starter of the engine and the generator and motor, so the machine is an ideal mechanical energy conversion device.

[30] 综上所述， 本发动机与已有技术相比， 对能源的要求低， 可用能源广泛。 整机 结构精巧， 运行噪音低， 清洁卫生， 安装灵活， 维护方便。 其外观为圆柱形， 多个圆柱可以灵活组合， 串联、 并联、 星形连接或立体堆积等， 成为发动机阵 歹 |J， 使发动机得到任意功率。 本发动机适用范围更广， 可以用于各种交通工 具、 建筑机械、 矿山等， 如用在车辆上， 可以并联或串联放在车架下方， 甚至 车轴上， 大大节约了车辆空间， 降低了车辆重心、 提高了车辆的平衡性能和运 载效率。  [30] In summary, the engine has lower energy requirements and wider available energy than the prior art. The machine is compact in structure, low in operating noise, clean and hygienic, flexible in installation and easy to maintain. Its appearance is cylindrical, and multiple cylinders can be flexibly combined, connected in series, in parallel, in star connection or in three-dimensional stack, etc., to become the engine array J |J, so that the engine can get arbitrary power. The engine has a wider application range and can be used in various vehicles, construction machinery, mines, etc., such as in vehicles, can be placed in parallel or in series under the frame, even on the axle, which greatly saves vehicle space and reduces the vehicle. The center of gravity improves the balance performance and carrying efficiency of the vehicle.

附图说明  DRAWINGS

[31] 图 1是本发明提出的多能源直轴混合动力发动机的模块结构图。 [32] 图 2是本发明提出的多能源直轴混合动力发动机中发动机的结构示意图。 1 is a block diagram of a multi-energy direct-shaft hybrid engine according to the present invention. 2 is a schematic structural view of an engine in a multi-energy direct-shaft hybrid engine according to the present invention.

[33] 图 3是图 2的 A-A剖面图。  [33] Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. 2.

[34] 图 4是图 2的 B-B剖面图。  Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 2;

[35] 图 5是图 2的 C-C剖面图。  Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 2;

[36] 图 6是图 2的 D-D剖面图。  [36] Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of Fig. 2.

[37] 图 7是图 2的 E-E剖面图。  Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line E-E of Figure 2.

[38] 图 8是图 2的 F-F剖面图。  [38] Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line F-F of Fig. 2.

[39] 图 9是图 2的 G-G剖面图。  [39] Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line G-G of Fig. 2.

[40] 图 10是图 2的 H-H剖面图。  Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line H-H of Figure 2;

[41] 图 11是图 2的 I-I剖面图。  Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I of Figure 2 .

[42] 图 12是图 2的 J- J剖面图。  Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line J-J of Figure 2;

[43] 图 13是图 2的 K-K剖面图。  Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line K-K of Figure 2;

[44] 图 14是图 2的 L-L剖面图。  Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line L-L of Figure 2;

[45] 图 15是本发明提出的多能源直轴混合动力发动机中转换器的结构示意图。  15 is a schematic structural view of a converter in a multi-energy direct-shaft hybrid engine according to the present invention.

[46] 图 16是转换器中外啮合套的结构示意图。 [46] Figure 16 is a schematic view showing the structure of the outer sleeve in the converter.

[47] 图 17是转换器中内啮合套的结构示意图。 [47] Figure 17 is a schematic view showing the structure of the inner sleeve in the converter.

[48] 图 18是本发明提出的多能源直轴混合动力发动机中节气门的结构示意图。  18 is a schematic structural view of a throttle valve in a multi-energy direct-shaft hybrid engine according to the present invention.

[49] 图 19是图 18的 A-A向剖视图。 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 18.

[50] 图 20是图 18的 B向视图。 Figure 20 is a B-direction view of Figure 18.

[51] 图 2〜图 14中， 101是外壳， 102是进气总管， 103是节气门， 104是废气涡轮， 1 05是冷却液循环涡轮， 106是电动机， 107是压气涡轮， 108是中冷器， 109是气 体燃料进口， 110是液压臂， 111是汽缸盖， 112是电磁进气门， 113是液体燃料 进口， 114是电磁排气门， 115是活塞， 116是汽缸套， 117是废气室侧向开口， 1 18是冷却液室， 119是冷却液温度补偿弹簧， 120是换热器， 121是蒸汽涡轮， 12 2是导流叶片， 123是散热器， 124是润滑油腔， 125是润滑油温度补偿弹簧， 126 是输出轴， 126-1是输出轴中的润滑油管， 127是润滑油温度补偿活塞， 128是润 滑油滤清器， 129是输出轴滑动轴套， 130是输出轴导向管， 131是冷却液温度补 偿活塞， 132是废气室， 133是润滑油泵内腔， 134是钢球、 135是燃烧室， 136是 内壳， 137是高压气室， 138是密封盖， 139是空气滤清器， 140是空气循环管， 1 41是螺母， 142是废气循环管， 143是真空腔， 144是冷却液循环管， 145是螺母 ， 146是中冷器高压空气管道， 147是钢球固定孔， 148是润滑油管， 149是导向 钢球， 150是废气排出口， 151是换热器冷却液进口， 152是散热器冷却液进口， 153是散热器润滑油进口， 154是散热器冷却液出口。 图 2中的粗实线表示空气走 向， 细实线表示废气走向， 虚线表示冷却液走向。 [51] In Fig. 2 to Fig. 14, 101 is the outer casing, 102 is the intake manifold, 103 is the throttle, 104 is the exhaust turbine, 105 is the coolant circulation turbine, 106 is the electric motor, 107 is the compressed air turbine, 108 is medium The cooler, 109 is a gas fuel inlet, 110 is a hydraulic arm, 111 is a cylinder head, 112 is an electromagnetic intake valve, 113 is a liquid fuel inlet, 114 is an electromagnetic exhaust valve, 115 is a piston, 116 is a cylinder liner, and 117 is The exhaust chamber is laterally open, 1 18 is a coolant chamber, 119 is a coolant temperature compensation spring, 120 is a heat exchanger, 121 is a steam turbine, 12 2 is a guide vane, 123 is a radiator, 124 is a lubricating oil chamber, 125 is the lubricating oil temperature compensating spring, 126 is the output shaft, 126-1 is the lubricating oil pipe in the output shaft, 127 is the lubricating oil temperature compensating piston, 128 is the lubricating oil filter, 129 is the output shaft sliding bushing, 130 is Output shaft guide tube, 131 is the coolant temperature compensation piston, 132 is the exhaust chamber, 133 is the lubricant pump chamber, 134 is the steel ball, 135 is the combustion chamber, 136 is The inner casing, 137 is a high pressure air chamber, 138 is a sealing cover, 139 is an air cleaner, 140 is an air circulation pipe, 1 41 is a nut, 142 is an exhaust gas circulation pipe, 143 is a vacuum chamber, and 144 is a coolant circulation pipe. 145 is the nut, 146 is the intercooler high pressure air pipe, 147 is the steel ball fixing hole, 148 is the lubricating oil pipe, 149 is the guiding steel ball, 150 is the exhaust gas discharge port, 151 is the heat exchanger coolant inlet, 152 is the radiator The coolant inlet, 153 is the radiator lubricant inlet, and 154 is the radiator coolant outlet. The thick solid line in Fig. 2 indicates the direction of the air, the thin solid line indicates the direction of the exhaust gas, and the broken line indicates the direction of the coolant.

[52] 图 15〜图 17中， 201是外壳， 202是第一电磁阀， 203是第一制动器， 204是前行 星齿轮， 205是第一轴外啮合齿圏， 206是第一轴内啮合齿圏， 207是第二电磁阀 ， 208是外啮合套， 209是第三轴外啮合齿圏， 210是第三轴内啮合齿圏， 211是 后行星齿轮， 212是第二制动器， 213是第三电磁阀， 214是第三轴， 215是第三 轴齿圏固定盘， 216是第二轴， 217是内啮合套， 218是隔板， 219是液压油腔， 2 20是第一轴， 221是第一轴齿圏固定盘， 222是第一轴内液压油管， 223是第四电 磁阀， 224是花键。 15 to 17, 201 is a housing, 202 is a first solenoid valve, 203 is a first brake, 204 is a front planetary gear, 205 is a first shaft external meshing gear, and 206 is a first shaft internal meshing Gum, 207 is the second solenoid valve, 208 is the outer sleeve, 209 is the third shaft external gear 圏, 210 is the third shaft internal gear 圏, 211 is the rear planetary gear, 212 is the second brake, 213 is The third solenoid valve, 214 is the third shaft, 215 is the third shaft 圏 fixed disc, 216 is the second shaft, 217 is the inner sleeve, 218 is the partition, 219 is the hydraulic oil chamber, and 2 20 is the first shaft 221 is a first shaft 圏 fixed disk, 222 is a first in-shaft hydraulic oil pipe, 223 is a fourth electromagnetic valve, and 224 is a spline.

[53] 图 18〜图 20中， 301是壳体， 302是步进电机， 303是驱动齿套， 304是驱动齿轮 ， 305是叶片， 306是叶片支架， 307是进气口， 308是叶片轴， 309是固定螺钉。 本发明的实施方式  [15] In Fig. 18 to Fig. 20, 301 is a housing, 302 is a stepping motor, 303 is a driving sleeve, 304 is a driving gear, 305 is a blade, 306 is a blade bracket, 307 is an air inlet, and 308 is a blade. The shaft, 309 is a set screw. Embodiments of the invention

[54] 本发明提出的多能源直轴混合动力发动机， 其结构如图 1所示， 包括发动机、 转换器和电动发动机， 发动机、 转换器和电动发动机依次相连。  [54] The multi-energy direct-shaft hybrid engine proposed by the present invention has a structure as shown in FIG. 1, and includes an engine, a converter, and an electric motor. The engine, the converter, and the electric motor are sequentially connected.

[55] 上述多能源直轴混合动力发动机中， 所述的发动机的结构如图 2〜图 14所示， 包括外壳 101、 内壳 136、 空气滤清器 139、 节气门 103、 废气涡轮 104、 冷却液循 环涡轮 105、 电动机 106、 压气涡轮 107、 中冷器 108、 液压臂 110、 汽缸套 116、 汽缸盖 111、 活塞 115、 输出轴 126、 冷却液温度补偿活塞 131、 冷却液温度补偿 弹簧 119、 换热器 120、 蒸汽涡轮 121、 导流叶片 122、 散热器 123、 润滑油滤清器 128、 润滑油温度补偿活塞 127、 润滑油温度补偿弹簧 125、 冷却液循环管 144、 空气循环管 140、 废气循环管 142和真空腔 141 ;  [55] In the above multi-energy direct-shaft hybrid engine, the structure of the engine is as shown in FIGS. 2 to 14 , and includes a casing 101 , an inner casing 136 , an air cleaner 139 , a throttle valve 103 , an exhaust turbine 104 , Coolant circulation turbine 105, electric motor 106, compressor turbine 107, intercooler 108, hydraulic arm 110, cylinder liner 116, cylinder head 111, piston 115, output shaft 126, coolant temperature compensation piston 131, coolant temperature compensation spring 119 The heat exchanger 120, the steam turbine 121, the guide vane 122, the radiator 123, the lubricating oil filter 128, the lubricating oil temperature compensating piston 127, the lubricating oil temperature compensating spring 125, the coolant circulating pipe 144, and the air circulating pipe 140 , exhaust gas circulation pipe 142 and vacuum chamber 141;

[56] 所述的空气滤清器 139和节气门 103同轴固定在发动机前口外壳 101中心线上， 废气涡轮 104、 冷却液循环涡轮 105、 电动机 106、 压气涡轮 107、 中冷器 108、 液 压臂 110、 汽缸套 116、 汽缸盖 111和活塞 115从左至右依次同轴固定在内壳一边 的中心线上； 中冷器 108与汽缸盖 111之间形成高压气室 137， 液压臂 110置于高 压气室 137内， 液压臂 110的活塞与汽缸盖 111相连； 所述的汽缸盖 111和活塞 115 置于汽缸套 116内， 活塞 115外表面设有半圆凹槽， 汽缸套 116上开有钢球固定孔 147 , 活塞 115与汽缸套 116通过钢球 134相互联动， 汽缸盖 111为一涡轮， 汽缸盖 111内部设有电磁进气门 112， 活塞 115为一涡轮， 活塞 115内部设有排气门 114， 活塞 115与汽缸盖 111之间形成燃烧室 135; [56] The air cleaner 139 and the throttle valve 103 are coaxially fixed on the center line of the engine front port casing 101, the exhaust gas turbine 104, the coolant circulation turbine 105, the electric motor 106, the compressor turbine 107, the intercooler 108, The hydraulic arm 110, the cylinder liner 116, the cylinder head 111 and the piston 115 are coaxially fixed to the inner casing side from left to right. a center line; a high pressure gas chamber 137 is formed between the intercooler 108 and the cylinder head 111, the hydraulic arm 110 is placed in the high pressure gas chamber 137, and the piston of the hydraulic arm 110 is connected to the cylinder head 111; the cylinder head 111 and The piston 115 is disposed in the cylinder liner 116. The outer surface of the piston 115 is provided with a semicircular groove. The cylinder sleeve 116 is provided with a steel ball fixing hole 147. The piston 115 and the cylinder liner 116 are interlocked by a steel ball 134. The cylinder head 111 is a turbine. The cylinder cover 111 is provided with an electromagnetic intake valve 112, the piston 115 is a turbine, the piston 115 is internally provided with an exhaust valve 114, and a piston 115 is formed between the piston 115 and the cylinder head 111;

[57] 所述的输出轴 126固定在内壳 136另一边的中心线上， 输出轴 126与活塞 115之间 形成润滑油腔 124， 输出轴 126的端部***活塞 115内； 所述的冷却液温度补偿活 塞 119、 换热器 120、 蒸汽涡轮 121、 导流叶片 122、 散热器 123、 润滑油滤清器 12 8和润滑油温度补偿活塞 127从左至右依次同轴固定在输出轴 126上， 冷却液温度 补偿弹簧 125置于冷却液温度补偿活塞 127与换热器 120之间， 润滑油温度补偿弹 簧 125置于润滑油温度补偿活塞 127与外壳 101端部之间；  [57] The output shaft 126 is fixed on the center line of the other side of the inner casing 136, and the lubricating oil chamber 124 is formed between the output shaft 126 and the piston 115, and the end of the output shaft 126 is inserted into the piston 115; The liquid temperature compensation piston 119, the heat exchanger 120, the steam turbine 121, the guide vanes 122, the radiator 123, the lubricating oil filter 12, and the lubricating oil temperature compensating piston 127 are coaxially fixed to the output shaft 126 from left to right in order. The coolant temperature compensating spring 125 is disposed between the coolant temperature compensating piston 127 and the heat exchanger 120, and the lubricating oil temperature compensating spring 125 is disposed between the lubricating oil temperature compensating piston 127 and the end of the outer casing 101;

[58] 所述的内壳 136置于外壳 101内， 内壳 136和外壳 101之间由内向外依次布置有冷 却液循环管 144、 空气循环管 140和真空腔 143， 废气循环管 142沿圆周均布在冷 却液循环管 144和空气循环管 140之间。  [58] The inner casing 136 is disposed in the outer casing 101, and between the inner casing 136 and the outer casing 101, a coolant circulation pipe 144, an air circulation pipe 140, and a vacuum chamber 143 are arranged from the inside to the outside, and the exhaust gas circulation pipe 142 is circumferentially It is evenly distributed between the coolant circulation pipe 144 and the air circulation pipe 140.

[59] 上述多能源直轴混合动力发动机中， 所述的转换器的结构如图 15〜17所示， 包 括第一轴 220、 第二轴 216、 第三轴 214， 内啮合套 217、 外啮合套 208、 第一电磁 阀 202、 第二电磁阀 207、 第三电磁阀 213、 第四电磁阀 223、 第一制动器 203、 第 二制动器 212、 前行星齿轮 204、 后行星齿轮 211、 第一轴齿圏固定盘 221、 第三 轴齿圏固定盘 215和第一轴内液压油管 222。  [59] In the above multi-energy direct-shaft hybrid engine, the structure of the converter is as shown in FIGS. 15 to 17, and includes a first shaft 220, a second shaft 216, a third shaft 214, an inner sleeve 217, and the like. Engagement sleeve 208, first solenoid valve 202, second solenoid valve 207, third solenoid valve 213, fourth solenoid valve 223, first brake 203, second brake 212, front planetary gear 204, rear planetary gear 211, first The shaft 圏 fixed disk 221, the third shaft 圏 fixed disk 215 and the first in-shaft hydraulic oil pipe 222.

[60] 第一轴 220、 第二轴 216、 内啮合套 217和外啮合套 208同轴固定在外壳 201的中 心线上， 内啮合套 217位于外啮合套 208内。  [60] The first shaft 220, the second shaft 216, the inner sleeve 217 and the outer sleeve 208 are coaxially fixed to the center line of the outer casing 201, and the inner sleeve 217 is located in the outer sleeve 208.

[61] 内啮合套 217为工字形， 其结构如图 17所示， 中间为细管， 两端为粗管， 细管 的中央设有隔板 218。 内啮合套的两端粗管内壁圆周上设有轮齿， 细管一端的内 壁上设有花键 224。 第一轴 220和第二轴 216分别从两端伸入内啮合套内， 置于隔 板 218的两侧。 第一轴 220的端部与隔板之间形成液压油腔 219， 第一轴内设有液 压油管 222， 液压油管 222与第四电磁阀 223相连通。 第二轴 216的端部设有花键 ， 该花键与内啮合套细管内壁上的花键 224相互啮合； [62] 外啮合套 208与第一轴 220、 第二轴 216同轴安装在外壳 201的中心线上， 其结构 如图 16所示， 外啮合套 208为工字形， 中间为细管， 两端为粗管。 外啮合套的两 端粗管内壁分别设有长齿和短齿， 长齿在外侧， 短齿在内侧， 第二电磁阀 207置 于外啮合套两个粗管之间。 [61] The inner sleeve 217 has an I-shape, and its structure is as shown in Fig. 17, with a thin tube in the middle, a thick tube at both ends, and a partition 218 at the center of the thin tube. The inner wall of the inner tube of the inner sleeve is provided with teeth on the circumference of the inner wall of the thick tube, and the inner wall of one end of the thin tube is provided with splines 224. The first shaft 220 and the second shaft 216 respectively extend from both ends into the inner sleeve and are placed on both sides of the partition 218. A hydraulic oil chamber 219 is formed between the end of the first shaft 220 and the partition plate, and a hydraulic oil pipe 222 is disposed in the first shaft, and the hydraulic oil pipe 222 is in communication with the fourth electromagnetic valve 223. The end of the second shaft 216 is provided with a spline, and the spline is engaged with the spline 224 on the inner wall of the inner sleeve; [62] The outer sleeve 208 is coaxially mounted on the center line of the outer casing 201 coaxially with the first shaft 220 and the second shaft 216. The structure is as shown in FIG. 16, the outer sleeve 208 is in the shape of an I-shape, and the middle is a thin tube. The end is a thick tube. The inner walls of the thick tubes at both ends of the outer sleeve are respectively provided with long teeth and short teeth, the long teeth are on the outer side, the short teeth are on the inner side, and the second electromagnetic valve 207 is placed between the two outer tubes of the outer sleeve.

[63] 第一轴 220上设有齿圏和齿圏固定盘 221， 前行星齿轮 204安装在第一轴齿圏固 定盘 221的一侧， 前行星齿轮的内侧与第一轴 220上的齿圏相互啮合， 并位于外 啮合套 208的一端粗管内， 前行星齿轮 204外侧与外啮合套 208—端粗管内壁上的 长齿相互啮合， 第一轴上的齿圏固定盘 221上设有外啮合齿圏 205和内啮合齿圏 2 06， 外啮合齿圏 205与外啮合套 208—端粗管内壁上的短齿相互啮合， 内啮合齿 圏 206与内啮合套 217—端粗管内壁上的轮齿相互啮合。  [63] The first shaft 220 is provided with a gingival and gingival fixed disk 221, and the front planetary gear 204 is mounted on one side of the first shaft 圏 fixed disk 221, the inner side of the front planetary gear and the teeth on the first shaft 220 The cymbals are in mesh with each other and are located in the thick tube at one end of the outer sleeve 208. The outer side of the front planetary gear 204 meshes with the long teeth on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 208-end thick tube, and the gingival fixed plate 221 on the first shaft is provided. The outer meshing tooth 205 and the inner meshing gear 205, the outer meshing tooth 205 and the outer toothed sleeve 208 - the short teeth on the inner wall of the end thick tube are in mesh with each other, the inner meshing tooth 206 and the inner inner sleeve 217 - the inner end of the thick tube The upper teeth mesh with each other.

[64] 第三轴 214上设有齿圏和齿圏固定盘 215， 后行星齿轮 211安装在第三轴齿圏固 定盘 215的一侧， 后行星齿轮 211的内侧与第三轴 214上的齿圏相互啮合， 并位于 外啮合套 208的另一端的粗管内， 后行星齿轮 211外侧与外啮合套 208另一端粗管 内壁上的长齿相互啮合， 第三轴齿圏固定盘 215上设有外啮合齿圏 209和内啮合 齿圏 210。 外啮合齿圏 209与外啮合套 208另一端粗管内壁上的短齿相互啮合， 内 啮合齿圏 210与内啮合套 217另一端粗管内壁上的轮齿相互啮合。  [64] The third shaft 214 is provided with a gingival and gingival fixed disk 215, and the rear planetary gear 211 is mounted on one side of the third shaft yoke fixing disk 215, the inner side of the rear planetary gear 211 and the third shaft 214 The gingivals are in mesh with each other and are located in the thick tube at the other end of the outer sleeve 208. The outer side of the rear planetary gear 211 and the long teeth on the inner wall of the outer tube of the outer sleeve 208 are in mesh with each other, and the third shaft 圏 fixed plate 215 is disposed. There are an externally engaged tooth 209 and an internal meshing shank 210. The outer meshing ridge 209 is in mesh with the short teeth on the inner wall of the other end of the outer sleeve 208, and the inner meshing tang 210 and the teeth on the inner wall of the inner end of the inner sleeve 217 are in mesh with each other.

[65] 第二轴 216穿入第三轴 214， 第三轴 214与第二轴 216滑动配合。 第二轴 216端部 的花键***内啮合套另一端的细管内， 与内啮合套细管内壁上的花键 224相互啮 合。  [65] The second shaft 216 penetrates into the third shaft 214, and the third shaft 214 is slidably engaged with the second shaft 216. The spline at the end of the second shaft 216 is inserted into the thin tube at the other end of the inner sleeve to engage the spline 224 on the inner wall of the inner sleeve.

[66] 第一电磁阀 202通过第一制动器 203与前行星齿轮 204联动。 第三电磁阀 213通过 第二制动器 212与后行星齿轮 211联动。 The first solenoid valve 202 is coupled to the front planetary gear 204 via the first brake 203. The third solenoid valve 213 is interlocked with the rear planetary gear 211 via the second brake 212.

[67] 上述多能源直轴混合动力发动机中， 所述的节气门， 其结构如图 18〜20所示， 包括步进电机 302、 驱动齿轮 304、 驱动齿套 303、 叶片 305、 叶片轴 308和叶片支 架 306， 所述的步进电机 302安装在壳体 301内， 所述的叶片有 6〜18个， 所述的 驱动齿轮 304的数量与叶片 305的数量相等， 驱动齿轮 304沿圆周均布， 置于驱动 齿套 303内， 并与驱动齿套 303相互啮合， 驱动齿轮 304与叶片 305同轴安装在叶 片轴 308上， 叶片轴 308固定在叶片支架 306上， 叶片支架 306通过固定螺钉 309固 定在壳体 301上； 所述的步进电机 302与任意一组同轴安装的驱动齿轮和叶片同 轴安装。 [67] In the above multi-energy direct-shaft hybrid engine, the throttle valve has a structure as shown in FIGS. 18 to 20, and includes a stepping motor 302, a drive gear 304, a drive sleeve 303, a blade 305, and a vane shaft 308. And the blade holder 306, the stepping motor 302 is installed in the housing 301, the blades have 6~18, the number of the driving gears 304 is equal to the number of the blades 305, and the driving gears 304 are circumferentially The cloth, placed in the drive sleeve 303 and intermeshing with the drive sleeve 303, the drive gear 304 is mounted coaxially with the blade 305 on the blade shaft 308, the blade shaft 308 is fixed to the blade bracket 306, and the blade bracket 306 is passed through the set screw 309 is fixed on the housing 301; the stepping motor 302 is the same as any set of coaxially mounted drive gears and blades Shaft mounting.

[68] 以下结合附图， 详细介绍本发动机的工作原理和工作过程：  [68] The working principle and working process of the engine are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[69] 如图 1所示， 转换器将发动机和电动发动机轴向连接， 发动机和电动发电机的 动力结构转换器进行转换， 联合从电动发电机的一端输出动力。  [69] As shown in Fig. 1, the converter axially connects the engine and the electric motor, and the power structure converter of the engine and the motor generator is converted to jointly output power from one end of the motor generator.

[70] 以下是本发明提出的多能源直轴混合动力发动机中发动机的工作原理和工作过 程： [70] The following is the working principle and working process of the engine in the multi-energy direct-shaft hybrid engine proposed by the present invention:

[71] 空气由发动机的前端进入， 如图 2中的粗实线箭头所示， 空气循环过程如图 3、 图 6、 图 7和图 8所示。 空气经空气滤清器 139， 进入进气总管 102中， 节气门 103 根据发动机工况需要达到相应的开度， 控制空气进量。 空气经发动机内壳 136与 外壳 101之间的空气循环管 140， 进入中冷器 108中高压空气管道 146的周围空间 ， 对高压空气进行冷却后返回空气循环管 140中， 吸收发动机散发的热量， 然后 进入散热器 123中， 对散热器中的冷却液和润滑油进行冷却， 最后从空气循环管 返回至压气涡轮 107， 并从中冷器 108的高压空气管道 146中通过后进入高压气室 137。 高压气室 137的外壁上设有气体燃料进口 109， 如图 8所示， 气体燃料由气 体燃料进口 109进入高压气室 137中， 与高压空气混合， 组成混合燃气。 液压臂 1 10驱动汽缸盖 111， 使汽缸盖 111与活塞 115之间的燃烧室 135的容积改变， 以得 到混合燃气所需的压缩比。 进气门 112打开， 高压混合燃气进入燃烧室 135， 同 吋高压燃气流推动汽缸盖 111内的涡轮旋转， 从而带动汽缸盖 111旋转。 高压燃 气在燃烧室 135内燃烧， 推动活塞 115沿轴向运动。  [71] Air enters from the front end of the engine, as indicated by the thick solid arrows in Figure 2, and the air circulation process is shown in Figures 3, 6, 7, and 8. The air passes through the air cleaner 139 and enters the intake manifold 102. The throttle valve 103 needs to reach a corresponding opening according to the engine operating conditions to control the air intake. The air passes through the air circulation pipe 140 between the inner casing 136 and the outer casing 101, enters the space around the high-pressure air pipe 146 in the intercooler 108, cools the high-pressure air, and returns to the air circulation pipe 140 to absorb the heat emitted by the engine. Then, it enters the radiator 123, cools the coolant and the lubricating oil in the radiator, and finally returns from the air circulation pipe to the compressor turbine 107, and passes through the high-pressure air pipe 146 of the intercooler 108 to enter the high-pressure gas chamber 137. A gas fuel inlet 109 is disposed on the outer wall of the high pressure gas chamber 137. As shown in Fig. 8, the gaseous fuel enters the high pressure gas chamber 137 from the gas fuel inlet 109 and is mixed with the high pressure air to form a mixed gas. The hydraulic arm 1 10 drives the cylinder head 111 to change the volume of the combustion chamber 135 between the cylinder head 111 and the piston 115 to obtain a compression ratio required for mixing the gas. The intake valve 112 is opened, and the high-pressure mixed gas enters the combustion chamber 135, and the high-pressure gas flow pushes the turbine in the cylinder head 111 to rotate, thereby driving the cylinder head 111 to rotate. The high pressure gas is combusted in the combustion chamber 135 to urge the piston 115 to move in the axial direction.

[72] 燃烧室 135的外壁上设有液体燃料进口 113， 如图 9所示。 若发动机使用液体燃 料， 则液体燃料从进口 113进入燃烧室 135， 与高压空气混合后燃烧， 推动活塞 1 15沿轴向运动。  [72] A liquid fuel inlet 113 is provided on the outer wall of the combustion chamber 135, as shown in FIG. If the engine uses liquid fuel, the liquid fuel enters the combustion chamber 135 from the inlet 113, mixes with the high pressure air, and burns, pushing the piston 1 15 to move axially.

[73] 汽缸套 116上开有钢球固定孔 147， 如图 10所示， 固定孔内插有钢球固定件 （图 中未示出） ， 钢球固定件使钢球 134固定在汽缸套 116的内壁上， 活塞 115的外壁 上设有半圆形闭合凹槽， 固定在汽缸套 116上的钢球 134嵌入活塞 115外壁上的半 圆形闭合凹槽中， 使活塞 115与汽缸套 116通过钢球 134相互联动， 从而使活塞 11 5旋转， 并带动输出轴 126旋转而输出动力。  [73] The cylinder sleeve 116 is provided with a steel ball fixing hole 147. As shown in FIG. 10, a steel ball fixing member (not shown) is inserted into the fixing hole, and the steel ball fixing member fixes the steel ball 134 to the cylinder sleeve. On the inner wall of the piston 115, a semicircular closed groove is formed on the outer wall of the piston 115, and a steel ball 134 fixed on the cylinder liner 116 is embedded in a semicircular closed groove on the outer wall of the piston 115 to make the piston 115 and the cylinder liner 116. The steel balls 134 are interlocked with each other to rotate the piston 11 5, and the output shaft 126 is rotated to output power.

[74] 活塞 115到达下止点后返回， 活塞 115中的排气门 114打开， 燃烧室 135中的废气 通过排气门 114进入活塞内， 冲击活塞内的涡轮旋转， 并带动活塞旋转， 进而带 动输出轴 126旋转而输出动力， 实现二次做功， 降低废气污染。 而且从图 2中可 以看出， 排气门 114在活塞 115顶部， 进气门 112在汽缸盖 111的顶部， 进气门与 排气门不设在同一平面上， 使得进排气更加充分， 燃烧效果更好。 在排气过程 中， 未燃尽的燃料在活塞内充分燃烧， 冲击涡轮， 充分利用排气动能， 同吋大 大减少 CO、 CH、 NOx等有害气体的排放， 使发动机更节能环保， 并提高发动机 功率。 [74] The piston 115 returns to the bottom dead center, the exhaust valve 114 in the piston 115 is opened, and the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber 135 The exhaust valve 114 enters the piston, and the turbine in the impact piston rotates, and drives the piston to rotate, thereby driving the output shaft 126 to rotate and outputting power, thereby achieving secondary work and reducing exhaust gas pollution. Moreover, as can be seen from FIG. 2, the exhaust valve 114 is at the top of the piston 115, and the intake valve 112 is at the top of the cylinder head 111. The intake valve and the exhaust valve are not disposed on the same plane, so that the intake and exhaust are more sufficient. The combustion effect is better. During the exhaust process, the unburned fuel is fully combusted in the piston, impacting the turbine, making full use of the exhaust kinetic energy, and simultaneously reducing the emission of harmful gases such as CO, CH, NOx, etc., making the engine more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly, and improving the engine. power.

[75] 燃烧室 135中的废气的循环过程如图 2中细实线箭头所示， 废气经过活塞 115后 进入废气室 132， 从废气室侧向开口 117排出后进入废气循环管 142， 如图 11所示 。 废气在循环管 142中进入废气涡轮 104， 推动废气涡轮旋转， 并带动冷却液循 环涡轮和压气涡轮旋转， 废气从废气涡轮 104中返回废气循环管 142， 如图 4所示 ， 最后进入换热器 120中， 其中的冷却液吸收废气剩余热量后， 废气从废气排出 口 150排放， 如图 11所示。  [75] The circulation process of the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber 135 is as shown by the thin solid arrow in FIG. 2, and the exhaust gas passes through the piston 115 and enters the exhaust gas chamber 132, and is discharged from the exhaust gas chamber side to the opening 117 and then enters the exhaust gas circulation pipe 142, as shown in the figure. 11 is shown. The exhaust gas enters the exhaust turbine 104 in the circulation pipe 142, drives the exhaust turbine to rotate, and drives the coolant circulation turbine and the compressor turbine to rotate, and the exhaust gas returns from the exhaust turbine 104 to the exhaust gas circulation pipe 142, as shown in FIG. 4, and finally enters the heat exchanger. In 120, after the coolant absorbs the residual heat of the exhaust gas, the exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust gas discharge port 150, as shown in FIG.

[76] 冷却液储存在冷却液室 118中， 冷却液的循环过程如图 2中虚线箭头所示。 冷却 液充满内壳 136与外壳 101之间的冷却液循环管 144中， 如图 5所示， 冷却液循环 涡轮 105驱动冷却液流动， 吸收发动机散失的热量， 进入换热器 120， 进一步吸 收换热器中废气的热量， 冷却液沸腾， 从换热器中喷出成为气体， 推动蒸汽涡 轮 121旋转， 并带动输出轴 126旋转而输出动力。 由于本发动机设有多组蒸汽涡 轮 121， 蒸汽每经过一级蒸汽涡轮， 就经过一级蒸气导流板 122对蒸汽进行导流 ， 再推动下一级蒸汽涡轮 121运转。  [76] The coolant is stored in the coolant chamber 118. The circulation of the coolant is shown by the dashed arrow in Figure 2. The coolant is filled in the coolant circulation pipe 144 between the inner casing 136 and the outer casing 101. As shown in FIG. 5, the coolant circulation turbine 105 drives the coolant to flow, absorbs the heat lost by the engine, enters the heat exchanger 120, and further absorbs and exchanges. The heat of the exhaust gas in the heat exchanger, the coolant boils, is ejected from the heat exchanger into a gas, drives the steam turbine 121 to rotate, and drives the output shaft 126 to rotate to output power. Since the engine is provided with a plurality of sets of steam turbines 121, each time the steam passes through the first stage steam turbine, steam is diverted through the first steam deflector 122, and then the next stage steam turbine 121 is driven.

[77] 然后冷却液蒸汽进入散热器 123中， 如图 13和 14所示， 冷却液与散热器中的较 冷空气进行热交换， 重新凝结为液体， 为下一次循环作准备。 冷却液室 118中设 有冷却液温度补偿弹簧 119和冷却液温度补偿活塞 131， 如图 2所示， 其作用是， 当冷却液温度升高吋， 冷却液室 118中的冷却液体积膨胀， 通过补偿弹簧 119和 补偿活塞 131可以缓解冷却液对其循环管 144的压力， 保护循环管不破裂， 而且 使冷却液在循环管中以液态流动。  [77] The coolant vapor then enters the radiator 123. As shown in Figures 13 and 14, the coolant exchanges heat with the cooler air in the radiator and recondenses into a liquid for preparation for the next cycle. A coolant temperature compensation spring 119 and a coolant temperature compensation piston 131 are disposed in the coolant chamber 118. As shown in FIG. 2, when the temperature of the coolant increases, the volume of the coolant in the coolant chamber 118 expands. The pressure of the coolant to its circulation pipe 144 can be alleviated by the compensation spring 119 and the compensation piston 131, the circulation pipe is protected from cracking, and the coolant flows in a liquid state in the circulation pipe.

[78] 发动机外壳 101内侧为真空腔 143， 发动机散失的热量被密闭在机内。 如图 2所 示， 冷空气、 废气、 冷却液在发动机内进行充分的热交换， 因热传递散失的大 部分热量被冷空气和冷却液吸收， 仅有极少部分热量随废气排出， 因此发动机 机体热量损失小。 噪声被真空腔 143密蔽在发动机内， 在循环过程中逐渐被吸收 削弱， 因此发动机噪音低， 机件的震动小， 机械能损失减小， 内燃机效率提高 ， 发动机使用寿命长。 [78] The inside of the engine casing 101 is a vacuum chamber 143, and the heat lost by the engine is sealed inside the machine. As shown in Figure 2, the cold air, exhaust gas, and coolant are fully exchanged in the engine, and the heat transfer is lost. Part of the heat is absorbed by the cold air and the coolant, and only a small part of the heat is discharged with the exhaust gas, so the heat loss of the engine body is small. The noise is concealed in the engine by the vacuum chamber 143, and is gradually absorbed and weakened during the cycle, so that the engine noise is low, the vibration of the machine is small, the mechanical energy loss is reduced, the efficiency of the internal combustion engine is improved, and the engine life is long.

[79] 在发动机工作的过程中， 冷却液吸收了发动机的热量、 废气的热量、 润滑油的 热量， 温度升高， 内能增加， 推动蒸汽涡轮做功， 将热能转换为机械能， 然后 冷却液温度逐渐降低， 内能减小。  [79] During the operation of the engine, the coolant absorbs the heat of the engine, the heat of the exhaust gas, the heat of the lubricating oil, the temperature rises, the internal energy increases, the steam turbine is pushed to work, the thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy, and then the coolant temperature Gradually lower, internal energy decreases.

[80] 冷空气吸收发动机内的热量、 废气的热量、 冷却液的热量、 润滑油的热量， 经 过压气涡轮压缩， 在高压气室聚集。 发动机过热吋， 可以停止给发动机供应燃 料， 进气门和排气门同吋打开， 较高势能的高压空气直接冲入汽缸， 推动汽缸 盖自旋， 推动活塞做功， 对燃烧通道进行清膛， 并冷却发动机。 同吋， 空气吸 收了发动机的热量为下一次循环作准备。  [80] The cold air absorbs heat from the engine, the heat of the exhaust gas, the heat of the coolant, and the heat of the lubricating oil, which are compressed by the compressor and are concentrated in the high pressure gas chamber. When the engine is overheated, it can stop supplying fuel to the engine. The intake and exhaust valves are opened simultaneously. The higher potential high-pressure air directly rushes into the cylinder, pushing the cylinder head to spin, pushing the piston to work, and clearing the combustion passage. And cool the engine. At the same time, the air absorbs the heat of the engine in preparation for the next cycle.

[81] 如图 2所示， 输出轴 126***活塞 115中， 输出轴 126与活塞 115紧配合。 润滑油 储存在润滑油腔 124中。 润滑油通过润滑油滤清器 128进入输出轴 126的润滑油管 126 - 1中， 进而流入润滑油腔 133后流到活塞与汽缸套之间， 起润滑和密封作用 ， 然后润滑油进入润滑油管 148 (如图 10所示） 流到汽缸盖 111的周围， 使汽缸 盖与汽缸套之间润滑和密封。 润滑油重新沿润滑油管 148进入散热器 123， 与较 冷空气进行热交换， 最后返回润滑油腔， 为下一次循环作准备。  [81] As shown in Fig. 2, the output shaft 126 is inserted into the piston 115, and the output shaft 126 is tightly engaged with the piston 115. Lubricating oil is stored in the lubricating oil chamber 124. The lubricating oil enters the lubricating oil pipe 126-1 of the output shaft 126 through the lubricating oil filter 128, and then flows into the lubricating oil chamber 133 and flows between the piston and the cylinder liner to lubricate and seal, and then the lubricating oil enters the lubricating oil pipe 148. (shown in Figure 10) Flows around the cylinder head 111 to lubricate and seal the cylinder head and cylinder liner. The lubricating oil re-enters the heat sink 123 along the lubricating oil pipe 148, exchanges heat with the cooler air, and finally returns to the lubricating oil chamber to prepare for the next cycle.

[82] 润滑油腔 124中设有润滑油温度补偿弹簧 125和润滑油温度补偿活塞 127， 如图 2 所示， 其作用是， 当润滑油温度升高吋， 润滑油腔 124中的润滑油体积膨胀， 通 过补偿弹簧 125和补偿活塞 127可以缓解润滑油对其循环管 148的压力， 保护循环 管不破裂， 而且使润滑油在循环管中以液态流动。  [82] The lubricating oil chamber 124 is provided with a lubricating oil temperature compensating spring 125 and a lubricating oil temperature compensating piston 127, as shown in FIG. 2, which functions to: when the lubricating oil temperature rises, the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil chamber 124 The volume expansion, by the compensation spring 125 and the compensating piston 127, relieves the pressure of the lubricating oil to its circulation pipe 148, protects the circulation pipe from cracking, and causes the lubricating oil to flow in a liquid state in the circulation pipe.

[83] 转换器的第一轴与上述发动机的输出轴连接， 转换器的第三轴与电动发电机的 输出轴相连接， 转换器的第二轴为输出轴。  [83] The first shaft of the converter is coupled to the output shaft of the engine, the third shaft of the converter is coupled to the output shaft of the motor generator, and the second shaft of the converter is the output shaft.

[84] 以下是上述多能源直轴混合动力发动机中转换器的工作原理和工作过程： [84] The following is the working principle and working process of the converter in the above multi-energy direct-shaft hybrid engine:

[85] 第一种转换方式： 第四电磁阀 223回收内啮合套液压油腔 219内的液压油， 液压 油经第一轴内液压油管 222返回到第四电磁阀 223内， 使内啮合套 217左移， 与第 一轴内啮合齿圏 206啮合， 内啮合套 217右端细管内的花键 224始终与第二轴端部 的花键啮合， 轴向滑动连接。 其它各机件保持位置不变。 [85] The first type of conversion: the fourth solenoid valve 223 recovers the hydraulic oil in the inner sleeve hydraulic oil chamber 219, and the hydraulic oil returns to the fourth solenoid valve 223 through the first in-shaft hydraulic oil pipe 222, so that the inner sleeve 217 is shifted to the left, and meshes with the first shaft inner meshing bore 206, and the spline 224 in the right end thin tube of the inner sleeve 217 is always with the second shaft end. Spline engagement, axial sliding connection. The other parts remain in the same position.

[86] 转换过程是： 第一轴 220为输入轴。 动力经第一轴 220传递给内啮合套 217， 带 动第二轴 216转动， 输出机械能。 机械能传递方向： 第一轴→内啮合套→第二轴[86] The conversion process is: The first axis 220 is the input shaft. The power is transmitted to the inner sleeve 217 via the first shaft 220, and the second shaft 216 is rotated to output mechanical energy. Mechanical energy transmission direction: first axis → inner sleeve → second axis

。 发动机通过转换器输出机械能。 . The engine outputs mechanical energy through a converter.

[87] 第二种转换方式： 第一电磁阀 202控制第一制动器 203将前端行星齿轮架制动， 第三电磁阀 213控制第二制动器 212将后端行星齿轮架制动。 其他各机件保持位 置不变。 [87] The second mode of switching: The first solenoid valve 202 controls the first brake 203 to brake the front planetary carrier, and the third solenoid valve 213 controls the second brake 212 to brake the rear planetary carrier. The other parts remain in the same position.

[88] 两种转换过程： 第一种是： 第一轴 220为输入轴。 第一轴 220带动前行星齿轮 20 4， 将动力传给外啮合套 208， 做减速运动， 外啮合套 208再带动后行星齿轮 211 ， 做增速运动， 将动力传给第三轴 214运转。 输出机械能。 机械能传递方向： 第 一轴→前行星齿轮→外啮合套→后行星齿轮→第三轴。 发动机带动电动发电机等 速发电。 第二种是： 第三轴 214为输入轴。 第三轴 214带动后行星齿轮 211， 将动 力传给外啮合套 208， 做减速运动， 外啮合套 208再带动前行星齿轮 204， 做增速 运动， 将动力传给第一轴 220运转， 输出机械能。 机械能传递方向： 第三轴→后 行星齿轮→外啮合套→前行星齿轮→第一轴。 电动发电机带动发动机等速启动。  [88] Two conversion processes: The first is: The first axis 220 is the input shaft. The first shaft 220 drives the front planetary gears 20 4 to transmit the power to the outer sleeve 208 for deceleration. The outer sleeve 208 drives the rear planetary gears 211 to increase the speed and transmit the power to the third shaft 214. Output mechanical energy. Mechanical energy transmission direction: first axis → front planetary gear → outer sleeve → rear planetary gear → third axis. The engine drives the motor generator to generate electricity at a constant speed. The second is: The third axis 214 is the input shaft. The third shaft 214 drives the rear planetary gears 211 to transmit the power to the outer sleeve 208 for deceleration. The outer sleeve 208 drives the front planetary gears 204 to increase the speed, and transmits the power to the first shaft 220 for operation. Mechanical energy. Mechanical energy transmission direction: third axis → rear planetary gear → outer sleeve → front planetary gear → first shaft. The motor generator drives the engine to start at a constant speed.

[89] 第三种转换方式： 第三电磁阀 213控制第二制动器 212将后行星齿轮架制动， 第 二电磁阀 207推动外啮合套 208左移， 使外啮合套 208左端粗管内的短齿与第一轴 外啮合齿圏 205啮合。 其他各机件保持位置不变。  [89] The third conversion mode: the third electromagnetic valve 213 controls the second brake 212 to brake the rear planetary carrier, and the second electromagnetic valve 207 pushes the outer sleeve 208 to the left to make the outer sleeve 208 short in the thick tube at the left end. The teeth mesh with the first shaft outer meshing rim 205. The other parts remain in the same position.

[90] 两种转换过程： 第一种是： 第三轴 214为输入轴。 动力由第三轴 214传给后行星 齿轮 211， 后行星齿轮 211带动外啮合套 208做减速转动， 外啮合套 208带动第一 轴外啮合齿圏 205同步转动， 将动力传给第一轴 220转动输出机械能。 机械能传 递方向： 第三轴→后行星齿轮→外啮合套→第一轴外啮合齿圏→第一轴。 电动发 电机带动发动机减速启动。 第二种是： 第一轴为输入轴。 动力由第一轴 220传给 第一轴外啮合齿圏 205， 第一轴外啮合齿圏 205带动外啮合套 208同步转动， 将动 力传递给后行星齿轮 211， 再带动第三轴 214做增速转动， 输出机械能。 机械能 传递方向： 第一轴→第一轴外啮合齿圏→外啮合套→后行星齿轮→第三轴。 发动 机带动电动机高速发电。  [90] Two conversion processes: The first is: The third axis 214 is the input axis. The power is transmitted from the third shaft 214 to the rear planetary gear 211, and the rear planetary gear 211 drives the outer sleeve 208 to perform the deceleration rotation. The outer sleeve 208 drives the first shaft outer meshing gear 205 to rotate synchronously, and transmits the power to the first shaft 220. Rotate the output mechanical energy. Mechanical energy transmission direction: third axis → rear planetary gear → outer sleeve → first shaft external gear 圏 → first shaft. The electric motor drives the engine to slow down. The second is: The first axis is the input axis. The power is transmitted from the first shaft 220 to the first shaft outer gear 205, and the first shaft outer gear 205 drives the outer sleeve 208 to rotate synchronously, transmitting power to the rear planetary gear 211, and then driving the third shaft 214 to increase. Rotate at a speed to output mechanical energy. Mechanical energy Transmission direction: First axis → first axis external meshing 圏 → outer sleeve → rear planetary gear → third axis. The engine drives the motor to generate electricity at high speed.

[91] 第四种转换方式： 第一电磁阀 202控制第一制动器 203将前行星齿轮架制动， 第 二电磁阀 207推动外啮合套 208右移， 使外啮合套 208右端粗管内的短齿与第三轴 外啮合齿圏 209啮合。 其他各机件保持位置不变。 [91] The fourth conversion mode: the first solenoid valve 202 controls the first brake 203 to brake the front planetary carrier, The two solenoid valves 207 push the outer sleeve 208 to the right to engage the short teeth in the thick tube at the right end of the outer sleeve 208 with the third shaft outer gear 209. The other parts remain in the same position.

[92] 两种转换过程： 第一种是： 第三轴 214为输入轴。 动力由第三轴 214传给第三轴 外啮合齿圏 209， 外啮合套 208与第三轴外啮合齿圏 209同步运转， 带动前行星齿 轮 204转动， 前行星齿轮 204带动第一轴做增速运动输出机械能。 机械能传递方 向： 第三轴_→第三轴外啮合齿圏_→外啮合套_→前行星齿轮_→第一轴。 电动发电机 带动发动机高速启动。 第二种是： 第一轴 220为输入轴。 动力由第一轴 220传给 前行星齿轮 204， 带动外啮合套 208做减速运动， 外啮合套 208带动第三轴外啮合 齿圏 209同步运转， 将动力传递给第三轴输出机械能。 机械能传递方向： 第一轴 →前行星齿轮→外啮合套→第三轴外啮合齿圏→第三轴。 发动机带动电动机低速 发电。 [92] Two conversion processes: The first is: The third axis 214 is the input axis. The power is transmitted from the third shaft 214 to the third shaft outer gear 209. The outer sleeve 208 and the third shaft outer gear 209 are synchronously operated to drive the front planetary gear 204 to rotate, and the front planetary gear 204 drives the first shaft to increase. Speed motion output mechanical energy. Mechanical energy transmission direction: the third axis _{→ the} third axis external gear 圏_→ outer sleeve _→ front planetary gear _→ first axis. The motor generator drives the engine to start at a high speed. The second is: The first shaft 220 is an input shaft. The power is transmitted from the first shaft 220 to the front planetary gear 204, and the outer sleeve 208 is driven to perform a decelerating motion. The outer sleeve 208 drives the third shaft outer gear 209 to synchronously operate, and transmits power to the third shaft to output mechanical energy. Mechanical energy transmission direction: first axis → front planetary gear → outer sleeve → third shaft external gear 圏 → third axis. The engine drives the motor to generate electricity at a low speed.

[93] 第五种转换方式： 第四电磁阀 223将液压油压出， 液压油经第一轴内的液压油 管 222进入内啮合套细管内的液压油腔 219中， 驱动内啮合套 217右移， 使内啮合 套 217端部的轮齿与第三轴内啮合齿圏 210啮合， 内离合器一端细管内的花键 224 始终与第二轴端部的花键啮合。 其他各机件保持位置不变。  [93] The fifth conversion mode: the fourth solenoid valve 223 presses the hydraulic oil out, and the hydraulic oil enters the hydraulic oil chamber 219 in the inner sleeve sleeve through the hydraulic oil pipe 222 in the first shaft, and drives the inner sleeve 217 to the right. Moving, the teeth of the end of the inner sleeve 217 are engaged with the third shaft inner meshing tang 210, and the splines 224 in the inner tube end of the inner clutch are always engaged with the splines of the second shaft end. The other parts remain in the same position.

[94] 转换过程是： 第三轴 214为输入轴。 动力传递给内啮合套 217， 内啮合套 217带 动第二轴 216同步转动， 输出机械能。 机械能传递方向： 第三轴→内啮合套→第 二轴。 电动发电机带动第二轴输出机械能。  [94] The conversion process is: The third axis 214 is the input axis. The power is transmitted to the inner sleeve 217, and the inner sleeve 217 drives the second shaft 216 to rotate synchronously to output mechanical energy. Mechanical energy transmission direction: third axis → inner sleeve → second axis. The motor generator drives the second shaft to output mechanical energy.

[95] 第六种转换方式： 第一电磁阀 202控制第一制动器 203将前端行星齿轮架制动； 第二电磁阀 207推动外啮合套 208与第三轴外接合齿圏 209啮合； 第四电磁阀 223 回收内啮合套液压油腔 219内的液压油， 液压油经第一轴中间的液压油管 222返 回到第四电磁阀 223内， 使内啮合套 217左移， 与第一轴内啮合齿圏 206啮合， 内 啮合套 217右端细管内的花键 224始终与第二轴端部的花键啮合， 轴向滑动连接 。 其他各机件保持位置不变。  [95] The sixth conversion mode: the first solenoid valve 202 controls the first brake 203 to brake the front end planetary carrier; the second electromagnetic valve 207 pushes the outer sleeve 208 to engage with the third shaft outer engagement tooth 209; The solenoid valve 223 recovers the hydraulic oil in the inner sleeve hydraulic oil chamber 219, and the hydraulic oil returns to the fourth solenoid valve 223 through the hydraulic oil pipe 222 in the middle of the first shaft, causing the inner sleeve 217 to move leftward and mesh with the first shaft. The gingiva 206 is engaged, and the splines 224 in the thin tube at the right end of the inner sleeve 217 are always engaged with the splines of the second shaft end, and are axially slidably coupled. The other parts remain in the same position.

[96] 转换过程是： 第一轴 220为输入轴。 第一轴 220带动前行星齿轮 204转动， 再带 动外啮合套 208减速转动， 外啮合套 208带动第三轴外啮合齿圏 209同步运动， 将 机械能传递给第三轴 214， 输出机械能。 同吋， 第一轴 220带动内啮合套 217同步 转动， 再带动第二轴 216运转， 输出机械能。 此吋， 第二轴 216转速高于第三轴 2 14转速。 机械能传递方向： 第一轴→前行星齿轮→外啮合套→第三轴外啮合齿圏 →第三轴， 第一轴_→内啮合套_→第二轴。 发动机输出机械能， 同吋带动电动发电 机低速发电。 [96] The conversion process is: The first axis 220 is the input axis. The first shaft 220 drives the front planetary gear 204 to rotate, and then drives the outer sleeve 208 to rotate downward. The outer sleeve 208 drives the third shaft outer meshing 209 to synchronously move, and transmits mechanical energy to the third shaft 214 to output mechanical energy. At the same time, the first shaft 220 drives the inner sleeve 217 to rotate synchronously, and then drives the second shaft 216 to operate to output mechanical energy. Thereafter, the second shaft 216 rotates faster than the third shaft 2 14 speed. Mechanical energy transmission direction: first axis→front planetary gear→external sleeve→third shaft external gear 圏→third axis, first axis _→ internal sleeve _→ second axis. The engine outputs mechanical energy, which drives the motor generator to generate electricity at a low speed.

[97] 第七种转换方式： 第一电磁阀 202带动第一制动器 203将前端行星齿轮架制动， 第三电磁阀 213带动第二制动器 201将后行星齿轮架制动， 第四电磁阀 223回收内 啮合套液压油腔 219内的液压油， 液压油经第一轴内的液压油管 222返回到第四 电磁阀 223内， 使内啮合套 217左移， 与第一轴内啮合齿圏 206啮合， 内啮合套 21 7右端细管内的花键 224始终与第二轴端部的花键啮合， 轴向滑动连接。 其他各 机件保持位置不变。  [97] The seventh conversion mode: the first electromagnetic valve 202 drives the first brake 203 to brake the front planetary carrier, and the third electromagnetic valve 213 drives the second brake 201 to brake the rear planetary carrier, and the fourth electromagnetic valve 223 The hydraulic oil in the inner sleeve hydraulic oil chamber 219 is recovered, and the hydraulic oil is returned to the fourth electromagnetic valve 223 via the hydraulic oil pipe 222 in the first shaft, so that the inner sleeve 217 is moved to the left, and the first shaft is meshed with the tooth 206. Engagement, the spline 224 in the right end of the inner sleeve 21 7 is always engaged with the spline of the second shaft end, and is axially slidably coupled. The other parts remain in the same position.

[98] 转换过程是： 第一轴 220为输入轴。 第一轴 220带动前行星齿轮 204转动， 前行 星齿轮 204带动外啮合套 208做减速运动， 外啮合套 208带动后行星齿轮 211转动 ， 后行星齿轮 211带动第三轴 214做增速转动， 输出机械能。 同吋， 第一轴 220带 动内啮合套 217转动， 内啮合套 217带动第二轴 216同步转动， 输出机械能。 机械 能传递方向： 第一轴→前行星齿轮→外啮合套→后行星齿轮→第三轴， 第一轴→ 内啮合套→第二轴。 发动机带动电动发电机等速发电， 同吋输出机械能。  [98] The conversion process is: The first axis 220 is the input shaft. The first shaft 220 drives the front planetary gear 204 to rotate, the front planetary gear 204 drives the outer sleeve 208 to perform a decelerating motion, the outer sleeve 208 drives the rear planetary gear 211 to rotate, and the rear planetary gear 211 drives the third shaft 214 to increase the speed and output. Mechanical energy. At the same time, the first shaft 220 drives the inner sleeve 217 to rotate, and the inner sleeve 217 drives the second shaft 216 to rotate synchronously to output mechanical energy. Mechanical energy transmission direction: first axis → front planetary gear → outer sleeve → rear planetary gear → third axis, first shaft → inner sleeve → second shaft. The engine drives the motor generator to generate power at the same speed, and the same output mechanical energy.

[99] 以下是上述多能源直轴混合动力发动机中节气门的工作原理： [99] The following is the working principle of the throttle in the above multi-energy direct-shaft hybrid engine:

[100] 当步进电机 302在电信号指令下转动一定角度吋， 与步进电机 302同轴安装的驱 动齿轮带动驱动齿套 303转动一定角度， 进而带动所有驱动齿轮旋转同一角度， 从而使所有与驱动齿轮同轴安装的叶片 305同步转动同一角度。 叶片 305同吋向 一个方向转动吋， 节气门的进气口 307闭合缩小。 反之， 向另一方向转动吋， 节 气门进气口 307开放扩大。 整个节气门在步进电机 302的驱动下按一定开度开闭 ， 按所需步进角旋转到发动机进气所需的开口， 实现发动机的启动、 怠速运转 和负荷运转。 [100] When the stepping motor 302 is rotated by a certain angle 在 under the command of the electric signal, the driving gear mounted coaxially with the stepping motor 302 drives the driving sleeve 303 to rotate by a certain angle, thereby driving all the driving gears to rotate at the same angle, thereby making all The blades 305 mounted coaxially with the drive gear are rotated at the same angle. The blade 305 rotates in one direction and the air inlet 307 of the throttle closes and contracts. Conversely, when the crucible is turned in the other direction, the throttle intake 307 is opened and enlarged. The entire throttle valve is opened and closed at a certain opening degree by the stepping motor 302, and is rotated to the opening required for the intake of the engine at a required step angle to realize starting, idling, and load operation of the engine.

Claims

权利要求书 Claim

[1] 1、 一种发动机， 其特征在于所述发动机包括外壳、 内壳、 空气滤清器、 节 气门、 废气涡轮、 冷却液循环涡轮、 电动机、 压气涡轮、 中冷器、 液压臂 、 汽缸套、 汽缸盖、 活塞、 输出轴、 冷却液温度补偿活塞、 冷却液温度补 偿弹簧、 换热器、 蒸汽涡轮、 导流叶片、 散热器、 润滑油滤清器、 润滑油 温度补偿活塞、 润滑油温度补偿弹簧、 冷却液循环管、 空气循环管、 废气 循环管和真空腔；  [1] 1. An engine, characterized in that the engine comprises a casing, an inner casing, an air cleaner, a throttle, an exhaust gas turbine, a coolant circulation turbine, an electric motor, a gas turbine, an intercooler, a hydraulic arm, a cylinder Set, cylinder head, piston, output shaft, coolant temperature compensation piston, coolant temperature compensation spring, heat exchanger, steam turbine, guide vane, radiator, lube filter, lube temperature compensation piston, lubricant Temperature compensation spring, coolant circulation pipe, air circulation pipe, exhaust gas circulation pipe and vacuum chamber;

所述空气滤清器和节气门同轴固定在发动机前口外壳中心线上， 废气涡轮 、 冷却液循环涡轮、 电动机、 压气涡轮、 中冷器、 液压臂、 汽缸套、 汽缸 盖和活塞从左至右依次同轴固定在内壳一边的中心线上； 中冷器与汽缸盖 之间形成高压气室， 液压臂置于高压气室内， 液压臂的活塞与汽缸盖相连 ； 所述汽缸盖和活塞置于汽缸套内， 活塞外表面设有半圆凹槽， 汽缸套上 开有钢球固定孔， 活塞与汽缸套通过钢球相互联动， 汽缸盖为一涡轮， 汽 缸盖内部设有电磁进气门， 活塞为一涡轮， 活塞内部设有排气门， 活塞与 汽缸盖之间形成燃烧室；  The air cleaner and the throttle are coaxially fixed on the center line of the front casing of the engine, the exhaust gas turbine, the coolant circulation turbine, the electric motor, the compressed air turbine, the intercooler, the hydraulic arm, the cylinder liner, the cylinder head and the piston from the left To the right, the coaxial line is fixed coaxially on the center line of one side of the inner casing; a high pressure air chamber is formed between the intercooler and the cylinder head, the hydraulic arm is placed in the high pressure air chamber, and the piston of the hydraulic arm is connected to the cylinder head; the cylinder head and The piston is placed in the cylinder sleeve, the outer surface of the piston is provided with a semi-circular groove, the cylinder sleeve is provided with a steel ball fixing hole, the piston and the cylinder sleeve are interlocked by a steel ball, the cylinder head is a turbine, and the cylinder cover is provided with an electromagnetic air inlet. a piston is a turbine, and an exhaust valve is arranged inside the piston, and a combustion chamber is formed between the piston and the cylinder head;

所述输出轴固定在内壳另一边的中心线上， 输出轴与活塞之间形成润滑油 腔， 输出轴的端部***活塞内； 所述冷却液温度补偿活塞、 换热器、 蒸汽 涡轮、 导流叶片、 散热器、 润滑油滤清器和润滑油温度补偿活塞从左至右 依次同轴固定在输出轴上， 冷却液温度补偿弹簧置于冷却液温度补偿活塞 与换热器之间， 润滑油温度补偿弹簧置于润滑油温度补偿活塞与外壳端部 之间；  The output shaft is fixed on a center line on the other side of the inner casing, a lubricating oil cavity is formed between the output shaft and the piston, and an end of the output shaft is inserted into the piston; the coolant temperature compensation piston, the heat exchanger, the steam turbine, The guide vane, the radiator, the lubricating oil filter and the lubricating oil temperature compensating piston are coaxially fixed on the output shaft from left to right, and the coolant temperature compensating spring is placed between the coolant temperature compensating piston and the heat exchanger. a lubricating oil temperature compensating spring is disposed between the lubricating oil temperature compensating piston and the end of the casing;

所述内壳置于外壳内， 内壳和外壳之间由内向外依次布置有冷却液循环管 、 空气循环管和真空腔， 废气循环管沿圆周均布在冷却液循环管和空气循 环管之间。  The inner casing is disposed in the outer casing, and a coolant circulation pipe, an air circulation pipe and a vacuum cavity are arranged between the inner casing and the outer casing from the inside to the outside, and the exhaust gas circulation pipe is uniformly distributed along the circumference of the coolant circulation pipe and the air circulation pipe. between.

[2] 2、 如权利要求 1所述的发动机， 其特征在于其中所述节气门包括步进电机 [2] 2. The engine of claim 1 wherein said throttle comprises a stepper motor

、 驱动齿轮、 驱动齿套、 叶片、 叶片轴和叶片支架； 所述步进电机安装在 壳体内， 所述叶片有 6至 18个， 所述驱动齿轮的数量与叶片的数量相等， 驱 动齿轮沿圆周均布， 置于驱动齿套内， 并与驱动齿套上的内齿相互啮合， 驱动齿轮与叶片同轴安装在叶片轴上， 叶片轴固定在叶片支架上， 叶片支 架通过固定螺钉固定在壳体上； 所述步进电机与任意一组同轴安装的驱动 齿轮和叶片同轴安装。 a driving gear, a driving sleeve, a blade, a blade shaft and a blade bracket; the stepping motor is mounted in the housing, the blade has 6 to 18, the number of the driving gear is equal to the number of blades, and the driving gear edge Uniform circumference, placed in the drive sleeve, and intermeshing with the internal teeth on the drive sleeve The driving gear and the blade are coaxially mounted on the blade shaft, the blade shaft is fixed on the blade bracket, and the blade bracket is fixed on the casing by a fixing screw; the stepping motor is coaxial with any set of coaxially mounted driving gears and blades installation.

3、 一种用于发动机的转换器， 其特征在于所述转换器包括第一轴、 第二轴 、 第三轴， 内啮合套、 外啮合套、 第一电磁阀、 第二电磁阀、 第三电磁阀 、 第四电磁阀、 第一制动器、 第二制动器、 前行星齿轮、 后行星齿轮、 第 一轴齿圏固定盘、 第三轴齿圏固定盘和第一轴内液压油管；  3. A converter for an engine, characterized in that the converter comprises a first shaft, a second shaft, a third shaft, an inner sleeve, an outer sleeve, a first solenoid valve, a second solenoid valve, a third solenoid valve, a fourth solenoid valve, a first brake, a second brake, a front planetary gear, a rear planetary gear, a first shaft gear fixed plate, a third shaft tooth fixed plate and a first shaft hydraulic oil pipe;

所述第一轴、 第二轴、 内啮合套和外啮合套同轴固定在转换器的外壳的中 心线上， 内啮合套位于外啮合套内； The first shaft, the second shaft, the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve are coaxially fixed on a center line of the outer casing of the converter, and the inner sleeve is located in the outer sleeve;

所述内啮合套为工字形， 中间为细管， 两端为粗管， 细管的中央设有隔板 ， 内啮合套的两端粗管内壁圆周上设有轮齿， 细管一端的内壁上设有花键 ， 第一轴和第二轴分别从两端伸入内啮合套内， 置于隔板的两侧， 第一轴 的端部与隔板之间形成液压油腔， 第一轴内设有液压油管， 液压油管与第 四电磁阀相连通， 第二轴的端部设有花键， 该花键与内啮合套细管内壁上 的花键相互啮合； The inner sleeve is in the shape of an I-shape, the middle is a thin tube, the two ends are thick tubes, and the middle of the thin tube is provided with a partition. The inner ends of the inner tube of the inner sleeve are provided with teeth on the circumference of the inner wall of the inner tube, and the inner wall of one end of the thin tube a spline is arranged thereon, the first shaft and the second shaft respectively extend from the two ends into the inner sleeve, and are placed on both sides of the partition, and a hydraulic oil chamber is formed between the end of the first shaft and the partition, first a hydraulic oil pipe is disposed in the shaft, the hydraulic oil pipe is in communication with the fourth electromagnetic valve, and the end of the second shaft is provided with a spline, and the spline is engaged with the spline on the inner wall of the inner sleeve;

所述外啮合套与第一轴和第二轴同轴安装在转换器的外壳的中心线上， 外 啮合套为工字形， 中间为细管， 两端为粗管， 外啮合套的两端粗管内壁分 别设有长齿和短齿， 长齿在外侧， 短齿在内侧， 第二电磁阀置于外啮合套 两个粗管之间； The outer sleeve is coaxially mounted on the center line of the outer casing of the converter, the outer sleeve is an I-shaped shape, the middle is a thin tube, the two ends are thick tubes, and the two ends of the outer sleeve The inner wall of the thick pipe is respectively provided with long teeth and short teeth, the long teeth are on the outer side, the short teeth are on the inner side, and the second electromagnetic valve is placed between the two thick pipes of the outer sleeve;

所述第一轴上设有齿圏和齿圏固定盘， 前行星齿轮安装在第一轴齿圏固定 盘的一侧， 前行星齿轮的内侧与第一轴上的齿圏相互啮合， 并位于外啮合 套的一端粗管内， 前行星齿轮外侧与外啮合套一端粗管内壁上的长齿相互 啮合， 第一轴齿圏固定盘上设有外啮合齿圏和内啮合齿圏， 外啮合齿圏与 外啮合套一端粗管内壁上的短齿相互啮合， 内啮合齿圏与内啮合套一端粗 管内壁上的轮齿相互啮合； The first shaft is provided with a gingival and gingival fixed disc, the front planetary gear is mounted on one side of the first shaft 圏 fixed disc, the inner side of the front planetary gear meshes with the gingival on the first shaft, and is located In the thick tube at one end of the outer sleeve, the outer side of the front planetary gear meshes with the long tooth on the inner wall of the thick tube at one end of the outer sleeve, and the first shaft toothed fixed disc is provided with an external meshing tooth and an inner meshing tooth, and the outer meshing tooth The cymbal and the short teeth on the inner wall of the thick tube at one end of the outer sleeve are in mesh with each other, and the inner tooth yoke meshes with the teeth on the inner wall of the thick tube at one end of the inner sleeve;

所述第三轴上设有齿圏和齿圏固定盘， 后行星齿轮安装在第三轴齿圏固定 盘的一侧， 后行星齿轮的内侧与第三轴上的齿圏相互啮合， 并位于外啮合 套的另一端的粗管内， 后行星齿轮外侧与外啮合套另一端粗管内壁上的长 齿相互啮合， 第三轴齿圏固定盘上设有外啮合齿圏和内啮合齿圏， 外啮合 齿圏与外啮合套另一端粗管内壁上的短齿相互啮合， 内啮合齿圏与内啮合 套另一端粗管内壁上的轮齿相互啮合； The third shaft is provided with a gingival and gingival fixed disc, the rear planetary gear is mounted on one side of the third shaft gingival fixed disc, and the inner side of the rear planetary gear meshes with the gingival on the third shaft, and is located at Inside the thick tube at the other end of the outer sleeve, the outer side of the rear planetary gear and the outer wall of the outer tube at the other end of the outer sleeve The teeth are meshed with each other, and the third shaft gingival fixed plate is provided with an external toothed yoke and an inner meshing yoke, and the outer meshing gingival and the short tooth on the inner wall of the outer tube of the outer end of the outer engaging sleeve are in mesh with each other, the inner meshing tooth and the inner tooth The teeth on the inner wall of the thick tube at the other end of the sleeve are engaged with each other;

所述第二轴穿入第三轴， 第三轴与第二轴成滑动配合， 第二轴端部的花键 ***内啮合套另一端的细管内， 与内啮合套细管内壁上的花键相互啮合； 所述第一电磁阀通过第一制动器与前行星齿轮联动， 第三电磁阀通过第二 制动器与后行星齿轮联动。 The second shaft penetrates into the third shaft, the third shaft is in sliding engagement with the second shaft, and the spline of the second shaft end is inserted into the thin tube at the other end of the inner sleeve, and the flower on the inner wall of the inner tube The keys are in mesh with each other; the first solenoid valve is coupled to the front planetary gear through the first brake, and the third electromagnetic valve is coupled to the rear planetary gear through the second brake.