WO2009135391A1 - 多相流中物质含量的测量方法和*** - Google Patents
多相流中物质含量的测量方法和*** Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009135391A1 WO2009135391A1 PCT/CN2009/070257 CN2009070257W WO2009135391A1 WO 2009135391 A1 WO2009135391 A1 WO 2009135391A1 CN 2009070257 W CN2009070257 W CN 2009070257W WO 2009135391 A1 WO2009135391 A1 WO 2009135391A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 claims description 77
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 39
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019476 oil-water mixture Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001730 gamma-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005658 nuclear physics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003027 oil sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004018 waxing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/2835—Specific substances contained in the oils or fuels
- G01N33/2841—Gas in oils, e.g. hydrogen in insulating oils
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the material being a flowing fluid or a flowing granular solid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/2835—Specific substances contained in the oils or fuels
- G01N33/2847—Water in oils
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of petroleum measurement technology, in particular to a dual-energy gamma ray measurement technology, that is, a gamma ray and a substance interaction principle generated by a radioactive source, in oil and gas field production, oil-water gas, oil sand water, or gas sand water three-phase Under the condition of coexistence of medium, measure the moisture content, oil content, gas content or sediment concentration in the oil and gas pipeline (only three of the four indicators related to the corresponding mixed fluid). Especially suitable for oil and gas field production, automatic online metering system.
- Crude oil and natural gas are among the most important energy sources.
- Crude oil natural gas extracted from oil and gas wells is a mixture of multiphase media such as oil, water, natural gas or sand.
- the treatment of this mixture is first carried out by gas-liquid separation, and the remaining oil-water mixed liquid is subjected to dehydration treatment to obtain a product oil having a low moisture content for external transportation or sale.
- the sand particles contained in it should also be monitored and separated in time, otherwise the equipment will be easily damaged.
- crude oil dehydration treatment it is necessary to timely and accurately grasp the moisture content and gas content of crude oil, so as to control the production process and ensure the production of qualified crude oil.
- indicators such as water content and gas content of crude oil are an important parameter in the process of petroleum collection, smelting and transportation in the petrochemical industry.
- many old oilfields currently use water injection and oil recovery processes, and the moisture content of crude oil is generally high. Therefore, the accurate detection of moisture content and gas content (or sediment concentration) in crude oil and natural gas plays an important role in crude oil production and trade.
- the microwave method (or radio frequency method), capacitance method, short wave method, heat conduction method, vibration density meter method and ⁇ ray method.
- the microwave method (such as CN1112677) is based on the interaction between electromagnetic waves and dielectric materials. The dissipation is related to the size and relative dielectric constant of the material. The difference in dielectric constant between oil and water leads to the RF impedance characteristics of the measured object.
- the load impedance changes with the different oil-water ratio of the mixed medium, that is, when the moisture content of the crude oil changes, the wave parameter changes accordingly, thereby realizing the water content.
- Rate measurement; 2 the capacitance method (such as: CN1186236) is based on the difference in dielectric constant of oil and water, reflected in the capacitance of the capacitor composed of the plate, measuring the change in capacitance, you can measure the change in water content;
- the short-wave method (eg CN2349574) uses a (post) probe to emit a 3.
- 579MHz short-wave signal into the crude oil ascertaining the current state of the crude oil, and after a few seconds, transmitting it to the crude oil through another (front) probe.
- the short-wave signal of 579MHz is taken out of the water-containing signal in the oil, and then the difference measured by the second is taken.
- the instantaneous moisture content can be obtained after the treatment;
- the heat conduction method (such as: CN1259671) uses the difference in thermophysical properties of the liquid-liquid two-phase fluid, such as heat conduction, specific heat, viscosity, etc., while measuring the water content and oil-water flow rate of the crude oil. 5.
- Vibration densitometer method (such as: CN1789969, CN2359692)
- the liquid level measuring component is used to measure the liquid level of the crude oil in the oil storage tank (or separator), and the pressure measuring instrument measures the crude oil portion in the oil storage tank (or separator). The pressure and the pressure on the bottom are finally calculated by the empirical formula; 6.
- the ray method (eg, CN86105543A, CN2359692Y, CN1086602A, CN2383068Y) works according to the principle that the gamma rays pass through different media and their attenuation is different. All kinds of measurement methods except gamma ray method are contact type measurement.
- the change in moisture content measured by the capacitance method, the radio frequency method, and the microwave method is nonlinear, and there is an inflection point in a certain moisture content range, and the crude oil is a mixture of oil, water and gas, and its physical and chemical properties are variable, so
- the above several measurement methods except the gamma ray method cannot meet the production requirements well in practical applications.
- the crude oil water analyzer based on the interaction law between ⁇ -ray and matter has nothing to do with the macroscopic fluid state and chemical properties of the mixed fluid, and can measure the moisture content and gas content of complex crude oil, which is very popular in oil fields.
- the invention patent CN86105543A discloses a single energy ⁇ emitted by a radiation source such as 1M Cd, or 243 Am, etc. Ray, the principle of measuring the volumetric moisture content of a two-phase oil-water mixture.
- Utility model patent CN2359692Y discloses a device for measuring the moisture content of a two-phase oil-water mixture using a 238 Pu source.
- the invention patent CN1086602A discloses an automatic measuring instrument for measuring gas content and water content in crude oil in a three-phase oil-water-gas mixture; Y-rays are respectively fixed on both sides of a symmetric position along a radial center line on a side wall of the measuring pipe a source and a transmission detector; a scattering detector is fixed on a side wall of the center line at an angle to the center line of the Y-ray source and the transmission detector and at a distance from the axial direction of the measuring tube; finally, according to the measurement result, The volumetric gas content and volumetric water content are obtained after data processing.
- the utility model patent CN2383068Y improves the device designed according to the above principle, and adds a stirring device to uniformly mix the oil and water from the oil well to further satisfy the theoretical assumptions, so as to improve the measurement accuracy. In any case, this theoretical model takes too many approximations. The physical meaning of each parameter is not clear. The influence on the parameters such as pressure and temperature is not considered. These ultimately affect the method and measurement accuracy.
- GB 2429288A has published a patent for measuring the sediment concentration by acoustic method. That is, by the collision of the sand with the oil or gas pipeline wall, the amount of sediment in the fluid is calculated.
- the equipment designed by the patent has a simple structure, convenient installation, low power consumption, long time to save data locally, and the like.
- the working frequency band of this principle belongs to audio, and its interference source is more and more complicated.
- the measurement result is also susceptible to the fluid flow property. Therefore, the measurement uncertainty is relatively large, which cannot meet the needs of high-precision measurement.
- the method and device for measuring the gas content, oil content, water content or sediment concentration in crude oil by the dual-energy gamma ray method with relatively accurate and relatively complete measurement theoretical model have not been found on the market, thus sacrificing the performance of the measurement system.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a crude oil in a three-phase oil-water gas or oil-water sand or a mixture of water-gas sand, real-time high-precision measurement of water content, oil content, gas content or sediment content in crude oil or natural gas, and proposed crude oil.
- Natural gas Two-energy gamma ray measurement method for gas content, water content, oil content or sediment concentration (only three of the four indicators related to the corresponding mixed fluid can be measured).
- the theoretical model of the invention has high precision, the physical meaning of various parameters is relatively clear, the use is simple, and the influence of temperature, pressure and the like can also be considered, and is particularly suitable for automatic online metering system in oil field production.
- the invention provides a dual energy gamma ray measuring method for a substance content in a three-phase mixture, wherein the three-phase mixture is a combination of any three of oil, water, gas and sand contained in crude oil or natural gas.
- the steps of the measuring method are:
- E H respectively representing the energy corresponding to the high-energy ⁇ -ray and low-energy ⁇ -ray emitted by the ⁇ -radiation source
- ⁇ represents the actual density under the three-phase mixture, and the pure substance under the conditions of temperature, pressure and the like corresponding to the actual tube
- the density of 1 , p 2 represents the density of pure substance 2 under the conditions of temperature and pressure corresponding to the actual tube
- p 3 represents the density of pure substance 3 under the conditions of temperature, pressure and the like in the actual tube
- ⁇ , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ represents the linear attenuation coefficient of pure substance 1, pure substance 2, and pure substance 3 at the corresponding gamma ray energy
- X represents the linear thickness of the measurement space of the test system
- ( ⁇ ) Represents the count measured by the test system in the absence of any substance in the tube under the corresponding gamma ray energy conditions
- ⁇ ( X , ⁇ ) represents the test system under the corresponding measured thickness and gamma ray energy conditions
- the three-phase mixture is a three-phase mixture of oil, water and gas in crude oil or natural gas
- the meanings of W, " 2 and « 3 are: ⁇ ⁇ - moisture content, ⁇ 2 - oil content, ⁇ 3 —-gas content;
- the water content, the oil content and the gas content can be determined according to the method of claim 1.
- the three-phase mixture is a three-phase mixture of oil, water and sand in crude oil
- the specific meanings of " 2 and " 3 are:
- the water content, oil content and sediment content can be determined according to the method of claim 1.
- the three-phase mixture is a three-phase mixture of gas, water and sand in natural gas
- the specific meanings of " 2 and " 3 are:
- the moisture content, gas content and sand content can be determined according to the method of claim 1. Further, the high energy energy source ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ range between 10keV ⁇ lMeV, low energy satisfy the relationship E H «(1. 5 ⁇ 3), or from E H « 2.
- ⁇ represents the actual density in the two-phase state of the tubing
- Pl represents the density of the substance 1 under the conditions of temperature and pressure corresponding to the actual tubing
- ⁇ 2 represents the substance under the conditions of temperature, pressure and the like corresponding to the actual tubing.
- the density of 2; ⁇ , ⁇ 2 represent the linear attenuation coefficient of substance 1, substance 2 under the corresponding gamma ray energy; ⁇ represents the linear thickness of the measurement space of the test system; Represents the count measured by the test system when there is no substance in the tubing under the corresponding gamma ray energy condition; ⁇ ( X ) represents the count measured by the test system under the corresponding measured thickness and ⁇ ray energy; , ⁇ 2 can be obtained by measuring the exponential decay curve in advance, or by checking the data sheet.
- the dual-energy gamma ray measurement method for the gas content and water content in crude oil is based on the principle of gamma ray and material interaction generated by the radioactive source.
- the water content in the oil pipeline is measured under the condition that the oil, water and gas three-phase medium coexist. Gas rate indicator.
- the measurement method relies on a measuring device consisting mainly of three large-division systems and a set of special software, that is, it includes two kinds of gamma-ray gamma-ray sources that generate two kinds of energy, one or two sets of detectors constitute detectors.
- the density of pure water p 2 represents the density of pure crude oil under the conditions of temperature and pressure corresponding to the actual oil pipe, and p 3 represents the density of pure natural gas under the conditions of temperature and pressure corresponding to the actual oil pipe; ⁇ , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 represents the linear attenuation coefficient of pure water, pure crude oil and pure natural gas under the corresponding ⁇ ray energy; X represents the linear thickness of the measurement space in the test tube; ⁇ .
- ( ⁇ ) represents the count measured by the test system when there is no substance in the tubing under the corresponding gamma ray energy conditions
- ⁇ ( X , ⁇ ) represents the test system under the corresponding measured thickness and ⁇ ray energy conditions counting measurements
- Epsilon herein refers ⁇ ⁇ or ⁇ ⁇ ; ⁇ , ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3 can be determined by previously measuring the profile exponential decay, also be obtained by checking the data sheet.
- the gamma ray source of the measurement system can be simplified into an energy gamma ray source.
- the following formula is used in the special software to solve the water content W.
- p represents the actual density of the oil-water two-phase state in the oil pipe
- Pl represents the density of pure water under the conditions of temperature and pressure corresponding to the actual oil pipe
- p 2 represents the temperature and pressure corresponding to the actual oil pipe.
- the density of pure crude oil; ⁇ , ⁇ represents the linear attenuation coefficient of pure water and pure crude oil under the corresponding ⁇ ray energy;
- X represents the linear thickness of the measurement space in the test tube; ⁇ .
- the dual-energy gamma ray measurement technology of the invention improves the measurement accuracy of the measurement system by using a relatively perfect physical model, and is suitable for an automatic online metering system in oil field production.
- the theoretical model has high precision, and the various parameters have clear physical meanings and are simple to use, taking into account the influence of temperature and pressure.
- the system can be simplified and the reliability of the measurement system can be improved while ensuring high measurement accuracy, which is of great significance for the measurement and measurement of crude oil production.
- the mass attenuation coefficient of the mixture is calculated by:
- ⁇ 2 , ..., ⁇ ⁇ ..., ⁇ are the weight percentages of the constituent elements, respectively.
- the mass attenuation coefficient of an element can also be expressed as ⁇ tread, the linear thickness is ⁇ , and the mass thickness is .
- N The count of measurements after a ray passes through the air.
- an unknown water content c3 ⁇ 4 an equation, can solve the measurement problem by using a single energy, which is the method for measuring the single energy measurement in the two-phase state of the present invention.
- ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 can be obtained according to equations (10) and (11), which is a method for testing the moisture content and gas content of the dual energy gamma ray, that is, the special algorithm used in the present invention.
- the present invention also provides a measurement system for the above measurement method, which is composed of the following sub-systems: a radiation source that produces one or two energy gamma rays, a detector subsystem consisting of one or two detectors, a control and data processing Sub-system.
- the two sources of energy gamma rays are two independent single-energy gamma ray sources, which are placed at an angle ⁇ on the same cross section of the measuring pipe, 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 180 °, resulting in a high High-energy and low-energy data measured by the corresponding first set of detectors (4) and second set of detectors (8) after the low-energy gamma rays pass through the three-phase mixture.
- the two sources of energy gamma rays are two independent single-energy gamma ray sources (2) and (6), which are sequentially placed in parallel on the measuring pipeline, and the intervals of the two sets of detecting paths are L, 0 ⁇ L ⁇ 10m, high energy and low energy data measured by the corresponding first set of detectors (4) and second set of detectors (8).
- the two sources of energy gamma rays are radioactive sources (2) and (6) positioned side by side or overlapping, and the high energy and low energy mixed energy spectra measured by the corresponding first group of detectors (4)
- the identification of high and low energy data is distinguished by gamma ray energy spectrum analysis.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the lateral installation of two radiation sources and detectors
- Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the longitudinal installation of two radiation sources and detectors
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the parallel placement of two sources and the installation of the detector.
- 1 a measuring device; 2 - high energy gamma ray source; 3 - collimator and shielding room of high energy gamma ray source; 4 a first group of detectors; 5 - a shielding tube of the first group of detectors; 6—low-energy ⁇ -ray source; 7—collimator and shielded chamber of low-energy ⁇ -ray source; 8—second group of detectors; 9-second group of detectors; 10—crude oil pipeline; 20—( First) signal shaping, amplification and sample-and-hold unit; 21—second signal shaping, amplification and sample-and-hold unit; 22—(first group) detector high voltage power supply; 23—second group detector high voltage power supply ; 24- (first) AD conversion unit; 25 - second AD conversion unit; 26 - (first) control unit; 27 - second control unit; 28 - computer; 30 ⁇ radioactive source subsystem Control system.
- an application example of the following three measuring systems is given:
- Example 1 How the two radiation sources and detectors work in a lateral installation mode
- the installation position of the core components of the measuring device 1 is as shown in Fig. 1.
- This embodiment is characterized in that two gamma ray sources are used to generate high and low energy gamma rays.
- the high-energy gamma ray source 2, the collimator 3, the detector 4 and the shielding tube 5 constitute a set of high-energy gamma ray detection paths
- the same low-energy gamma ray source 6, collimator 7, detector 8 and shielding tube 9 constitute a set of low-energy gamma ray detection channels.
- the two sets of detection paths reduce the length of the measuring device 1 on the same cross section of the crude oil pipe 10. Note that the angle between the two sets of detection paths shown in Figure 1 does not necessarily require 90°, as long as the test components are fully installed and the two detection paths are not affected.
- the high energy gamma ray source 2 emits high energy gamma rays which, after passing through the collimator and the shield chamber 3, pass through the medium in the crude oil conduit 10 and are converted into electrical signals by the first set of detectors 4.
- the shield tube 5 of the first set of detectors serves to protect the first set of detectors 4 while reducing the effects of the background and scattered signals on the first set of detectors 4.
- the high voltage power source 22 of the first group of detectors supplies the first group of detectors 4 with operating voltage, and the signals of the first group of detectors 4 are output to the first signal shaping, amplification and sample and hold unit 20, after the signals are amplified and processed, It is sent to the first AD conversion unit 24 to be converted into a digital signal, and finally sent to the computer 28 for analysis processing.
- the first way control unit 26 is used to synchronize, coordinate, and work with the various units of the first path and the subsystems associated therewith.
- the low-energy gamma-ray source 6 emits low-energy gamma rays, passes through the collimator and the shielded chamber 7, passes through the medium in the crude oil pipeline 10, and is converted into an electrical signal by the second group of detectors 8.
- the shield tube 9 of the second set of detectors serves to protect the second set of detectors 8, while reducing the effects of the background and scattered signals on the second set of detectors 8.
- the high voltage power supply 23 of the second group of detectors supplies the working voltage to the second group of detectors 8, and the signals of the second group of detectors 8 are output to the second signal shaping, amplification and sample and hold unit 21, after the signals are amplified and processed, It is sent to the second AD conversion unit 25 to be converted into a digital signal, and finally sent to the computer 28 for analysis processing.
- the second control unit 27 is used to synchronize and coordinate the work of the various units of the second path and the subsystems associated therewith.
- the detected dual energy signals are transmitted to the computer 28 for analysis and processing.
- Computer-specific software application The model derived in the present invention (other suitable models may also be used) is used to calculate indicators such as water content and gas content in the crude oil.
- Example 2 How the two radioactive sources and detectors are installed in a longitudinal installation mode
- the installation position of the core components of the measuring device 1 is as shown in Fig. 2.
- This application example is characterized by the use of two sources to generate high and low energy gamma rays.
- the high-energy gamma ray source 2, the collimator 3, the detector 4 and the shielding tube 5 form a set of high-energy gamma ray detection paths, and the same low-energy gamma ray source 6, collimator 7, detector 8
- the shielding tube 9 constitutes a set of low-energy gamma ray detecting passages.
- the parameters can be adjusted according to the uniformity of the medium, the flow rate, the interval of the monitoring data, etc., to ensure that the test conditions satisfy the theoretical model and the error requirements as much as possible.
- the high energy gamma ray source 2 emits high energy gamma rays which, after passing through the collimator and the shield chamber 3, pass through the medium in the crude oil conduit 10 and are converted into electrical signals by the first set of detectors 4.
- the shield tube 5 of the first set of detectors serves to protect the first set of detectors 4 while reducing the effects of the background and scattered signals on the first set of detectors 4.
- the high voltage power source 22 of the first group of detectors supplies the first group of detectors 4 with operating voltage, and the signals of the first group of detectors 4 are output to the first signal shaping, amplification and sample and hold unit 20, after the signals are amplified and processed, It is sent to the first AD conversion unit 24 to be converted into a digital signal, and finally sent to the computer 28 for analysis processing.
- the first way control unit 26 is used to synchronize, coordinate, and work with the various units of the first path and the subsystems associated therewith.
- the low-energy gamma-ray source 6 emits low-energy gamma rays, passes through the collimator and the shielded chamber 7, passes through the medium in the crude oil pipeline 10, and is converted into an electrical signal by the second group of detectors 8.
- the shield tube 9 of the second set of detectors serves to protect the second set of detectors 8, while reducing the effects of the background and scattered signals on the second set of detectors 8.
- the high voltage power supply 23 of the second group of detectors supplies the working voltage to the second group of detectors 8, and the signals of the second group of detectors 8 are output to the second signal shaping, amplification and sample and hold unit 21, after the signals are amplified and processed, It is sent to the second AD conversion unit 25 to be converted into a digital signal, and finally sent to the computer 28 for analysis processing.
- the second control unit 27 is used to synchronize and coordinate the work of the various units of the second path and the subsystems associated therewith.
- the installation position of the core components of the measuring device 1 is as shown in Fig. 3.
- This application example is characterized in that two gamma ray sources 2 and 6 are juxtaposed at the position aligned with the exit of the collimator 3, and high and low gamma rays are randomly emitted from the exit of the collimator 3.
- the energy spectrum analysis function of the dedicated software the energy range of high-energy and low-energy ⁇ -rays is marked, and the counts of high-energy and low-energy ⁇ -rays are recorded separately, and used as high- and low-energy channel data.
- the shield tube 5 of the detector serves to protect the detector 4 while reducing the influence of the detection background and the scattered signal on the detector 4.
- the detector's high voltage power supply 22 supplies the detector 4 with an operating voltage.
- the detector 4's signal is output to the signal shaping, amplification and sample and hold unit 20.
- the signal is amplified, processed, and sent to the AD conversion unit 24 for conversion to a digital signal. It is sent to the computer 28 for analysis processing.
- the control unit 26 is used to synchronize and coordinate the work of each unit or subsystem.
- the same set of detector systems common to sources 2 and 6 are distinguished by high- and low-energy gamma spectroscopy.
- the detected dual energy signals are transmitted to the computer 28 for analysis and processing.
- the computer-specific software then applies the model derived in the present invention (other suitable models can also be used) to calculate the water content, gas content and the like in the crude oil.
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Description
多相流中物质含量的测量方法和*** 技术领域
本发明涉及石油测量技术领域, 具体涉及一种双能 γ射线测量技术, 即利用放射源 产生的 γ射线与物质作用原理, 在油气田生产中, 油水气、 油沙水、 或气沙水三相介质 并存的条件下, 测量输油、 输气管道中含水率、 含油率、 含气率或含沙量指标 (只能测 四个指标中与对应混合流体相关的三个)。 特别适用于油气田生产中, 自动在线计量系 统。
背景技术
原油和天然气作为最重要的能源之一, 从油气井开采出的原油天然气, 是油、 水、 天然气或沙粒等多相介质组成的混合物。 处理这种混合物首先要进行气液分离, 剩下的 油水混合液体经脱水处理后得到含水率很低的成品油进行外输或销售。对含在其中的沙 粒, 也要监测, 及时分离, 否则容易损坏设备。 在原油脱水处理等一系列生产活动中, 需要及时准确地掌握原油含水率和含气率等情况, 以便控制生产过程, 保证生产出合格 的成品原油。 因此, 原油含水率和含气率等指标是石化行业石油采集、 冶炼及运输过程 中一个重要参数。 特别是许多老油田, 目前主要采用注水采油工艺, 采出原油的含水率 普遍偏高。 因此, 对原油和天然气中进行含水率和含气率(或含沙量) 的准确检测在原 油生产、 贸易中有着重要作用。
目前测量原油含水率主要有以下几种方法: 人工蒸熘化验法、 微波法 (或射频法)、 电容法、 短波法、 导热法、 振动密度计法和 γ射线法。 1、 微波法 (如 CN1112677 ) 是根 据电磁波与介电物质相互作用, 其耗散与物质的大小及相对介电常数有关, 油和水的介 电常数不同导致被测对象所呈现的射频阻抗特性不同, 当射频信号传到以油水混合物为 介质的电容式射频传感器时, 其负载阻抗随着混合介质的不同油水比而变化, 即当原油 含水率变化时, 波参量随之变化, 从而实现含水率测量; 2、 电容法 (如: CN1186236 ) 是根据油水的介电常数不同, 反映到由极板构成的电容器的电容量不同, 测量电容量的 变化, 就可以测量含水率的变化; 3、 短波法 (如: CN2349574 ) 是利用一个 (后) 探头 向原油中发射 3. 579MHz 的短波信号, 把当前原油状态查清, 间隔几秒钟后, 在通过另 一个 (前) 探头向原油中发射 3. 579MHz 的短波信号, 又取出油中含水的信号, 然后取 二次测得的差值, 经处理后可得出瞬时含水率; 4、 导热法 (如: CN1259671 ) 利用液- 液两相流体的热物理性质的差异, 如导热、 比热、 粘度等, 同时测量原油的含水率和油 水流量; 5、 振动密度计法 (如: CN1789969 , CN2359692 ) 利用液位测量元件测量储油 罐 (或分离器) 内原油的液位, 压力测量仪表测量储油罐 (或分离器) 中无原油部分的 压力和底部承受的压力, 最后通过经验公式算出; 6、 射线法 (如: CN86105543A , CN2359692Y, CN1086602A, CN2383068Y) 是根据 γ射线穿过不同介质时, 其衰减不同的 原理工作的。 除 γ射线法以外的其它各种测量方法, 都属接触式测量, 由于原油腐蚀性 较强, 结垢、 结蜡严重, 致使仪表长期运行的可靠性差, 尤其是这些仪表都无法消除含 气对含水率测量带来的影响, 而导致了比较大的测量误差。 对此, 专利 CN2452022Y、 CN2646704Y和 CN2646705Y专门设计了不同的擦除器来传感器外面累积的杂质。 另外, 电容法、 射频法和微波法测量的含水率变化与被测量之间是非线性关系, 在某一含水率 范围内有拐点, 而原油是油水气混合体, 其物理化学性质多变, 所以除 γ射线法外的上 面几种测量方法在实际应用中, 都不能很好地满足生产要求。
根据 γ射线与物质相互作用规律而工作的原油含水分析仪与混合流体的宏观流态和 化学性质无关, 能够对复杂的原油进行含水率和含气率的测量, 深受油田的欢迎。
发明专利 CN86105543A公开了一种利用放射源 (如 1MCd, 或 243Am等) 发出的单能 γ
射线, 对二相油水混合体的体积含水率的测量原理。 实用新型专利 CN2359692Y公布了 一种利用 238Pu放射源对二相油水混合体的含水率进行测量的装置。发明专利 CN1086602A 公开了一种在三相油水气混合体中, 测量原油中含气、 含水率的自动测量仪; 在测量管 道的侧壁上沿径向中心线对称位置两侧分别固定有 Y射线源和透射探测器; 在与 Y射 线源和透射探测器所在中心线成夹角且沿测量管道轴向与之相距一定距离的中心线侧 壁上固定有散射探测器; 最后根据测量的结果, 经过数据处理而得到体积含气率和体积 含水率。 实用新型专利 CN2383068Y对依据上述原理设计的装置, 做了改进, 增加了一 个搅拌装置, 使实际上从油井里出来的油水气混合均匀, 以便更进一步满足理论假设条 件, 以便提高测量的精度。 不管怎么说, 这个理论模型取近似的地方太多, 各个参数物 理意义不明确, 对压力、 温度等变化参数的影响, 没有考虑修正, 这些最终还是影响了 其使用的方法和测量精度。
对含沙量测量, GB2429288A公布了一项采用声学方法测量含沙量的专利。即通过沙 子与输油或输气管道壁的碰撞, 来故算流体中含沙量的多少。 利用该专利设计的设备, 具有结构简单, 安装方便, 功耗小, 本地保存数据时间长等有点。 但该原理的工作频段 属于音频, 其干扰源比较多, 比较复杂, 其测量结果也容易受流体流动性质的影响, 所 以测量的不确定度比较大, 不能满足高精度测量的需要。
目前市场上尚未发现测量理论模型比较精确、 比较完善的双能 γ射线法测量原油中 含气率、 含油率、 含水率或含沙量的方法和装置, 这样牺牲了测量***的性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的, 在于针对在三相油水气或油水沙或水气沙混合体中, 实时高精度测 量原油或天然气中含水率、 含油率、 含气率或含沙量的需求, 提出了原油 (天然气) 中 含气率、 含水率、 含油率或含沙率的双能 γ射线测量方法 (只能测四个指标中与对应混 合流体相关的三个)。 本发明的理论模型精度比较高, 各种参数的物理意义比较明确, 使用简单, 还能考虑温度、 压力等因素的影响, 特别适用于油田生产中, 自动在线计量 ***。
本发明提供一种三相混合物中物质含量的双能 γ射线测量方法, 所述三相混合物为 原油或天然气中所含的油、 水、 气、 沙中任意三种的组合,
所述测量方法的步骤为:
(1)由放射源产生双能 γ射线;
(2)发出来的 γ射线穿过三相混合物;
(3)所述双能 γ射线穿过三相混合物后, 由探测器分***探测到高能和低能两组数 据;
(4)测量的高能和低能数据, 由以下算法来求解三相混合物中对应三种物质的含量; 所述的算法为:
方程中: EH、 分别代表 γ放射源发出的高能 γ射线和低能 γ射线所对应的能量; ρ 代表三相混合物下的实际密度, 表实际管里所对应的温度、 压力等条件下纯物质 1 的密度, p2代表实际管里所对应的温度、 压力等条件下纯物质 2的密度, p3代表实际管 里所对应的温度、 压力等条件下纯物质 3 的密度; μι、 μ2、 ^分别代表纯物质 1、 纯物 质 2、 纯物质 3在对应的 γ射线能量下的线性衰减系数; X代表测试***测量空间的线性 厚度; Ν。 (Ε) 代表在对应的 γ射线能量条件下, 管里没有任何物质存在时, 测试***所 测量的计数; Ν ( X , Ε) 代表在对应的测量厚度和 γ射线能量条件下, 测试***所测量的 计数; 所述 Ε为 ΕΗ或 Εί ; μι、 μ2、 μ3可以通过预先测量指数衰减曲线求得, 也可通过查 核数据手册得到。
进一步,所述三相混合物是原油或天然气中油水气三相混合物时,所述的 W、 《2和 «3的具体含义为: ωχ——含水率, ω2——含油率, ω3—-含气率;
可依据权利要求 1所述的方法求得含水率、 含油率和含气率。
进一步, 所述三相混合物是原油中油水沙三相混合物时, 所述的 、 《2和《3的具 体含义为:
ωχ——含水率, ω. -含油率, ω3—―含沙量;
可依据权利要求 1所述的方法求得含水率、 含油率和含沙量。
进一步, 所述三相混合物是天然气中气水沙三相混合物时, 所述的 、 《2和《3的 具体含义为:
ωχ——含水率, ω. -含气率, ω3—―含沙量;
可依据权利要求 1所述的方法求得含水率、 含气率和含沙 j
进一步, 所述高能 γ源的能量 ΕΗ范围在 10keV〜lMeV 之间, 低能 满足关系式 EH« (1. 5〜3) , 或为 EH«2 。
进一步: 当 、 ω2、 3其中一项为零时, 测量***的 γ射线放射产生单能 γ射线, 采用如下公式来求解物质 1的百分含量 和物质 2的百分含量 ί¾:
ω2 = \ - ω
公式中: ρ代表油管中二相状态下的实际密度, Pl代表实际油管里所对应的温度、 压力等条件下物质 1的密度, ρ2代表实际油管里所对应的温度、 压力等条件下物质 2的 密度; ^、 μ2分别代表物质 1、 物质 2在对应的 γ射线能量下的线性衰减系数; χ代表测 试***测量空间的线性厚度; Ν。代表在对应的 γ射线能量条件下,油管里没有任何物质存 在时, 测试***所测量的计数; Ν ( X ) 代表在对应的测量厚度、 γ射线能量条件下, 测 试***所测量的计数; ^、 μ2可以通过预先测量指数衰减曲线求得, 也可通过查核数据 手册得到。
为了简化书写过程, 如不特别说明, 下面讨论中只考虑油、 水、 气三相混合体共存 的情况, 对其它三项共存的情况, 处理的技巧类似, 在说明的公式中只需替换相关物理 量即可, 所以对其它情况说明过程从略。
原油中含气率和含水率的双能 γ射线测量方法, 系利用放射源产生的 γ射线与物质作 用原理, 在油田生产中, 油水气三相介质并存的条件下, 测量输油管道中含水率和含气 率指标。 该测量方法依托于主要由三个大分***组成的测量设备和一套专用软件, 即: 它包括产生二种能量的 γ射线二种 γ射线放射源, 一套或二套探测器构成探测器分***, 以及一个总控和数据处理分***; 其它装置还包括准直器; 所述的探测器分***包括探 测器、 前置放大器或光电倍增管、 信号成形、 放大、 采样保持、 AD转换等单元; 总控和 数据处理分***包括数据的传输、 同步、 显示、 控制和报警等部分; 专用软件通过算法 求解含水率《和含气率
«表示水所占的重量百分比即含水率, 《3表示天然气所占的重量百分比即含气率, ί¾表示油所占的重量百分比: iy^l- - iy^ 在油水气三相状态下, 所述专用软件采用如下两个方程来求解含水率 6^和含气率 ω.
方程中: 分别代表 γ放射源发出的高能 γ射线和低能 γ射线所对应的育' Ρ 代表油管中油水气三相状态下的实际密度, Pi代表实际油管里所对应的温度、 压力等条 件下纯水的密度, p2代表实际油管里所对应的温度、 压力等条件下纯原油的密度, p3代 表实际油管里所对应的温度、 压力等条件下纯天然气的密度; ^、 μ2、 μ3分别代表纯水、 纯原油、 纯天然气在对应的 γ射线能量下的线性衰减系数; X代表油管里, 测试***测量 空间的线性厚度; Ν。 ( Ε )代表在对应的 γ射线能量条件下, 油管里没有任何物质存在时, 测试***所测量的计数; Ν ( X , Ε ) 代表在对应的测量厚度、 γ射线能量条件下, 测试系 统所测量的计数; 这里的 Ε是指 ΕΗ或 ΕΊ ; ΜΙ、 μ2、 μ3可以通过预先测量指数衰减曲线求 得, 也可通过查核数据手册得到。
公式中: p代表油管中油水二相状态下的实际密度, Pl代表实际油管里所对应的温 度、 压力等条件下纯水的密度, p2代表实际油管里所对应的温度、 压力等条件下纯原油 的密度; ^、 ^分别代表纯水、 纯原油在对应的 γ射线能量下的线性衰减系数; X代表油 管里, 测试***测量空间的线性厚度; Ν。代表在对应的 γ射线能量条件下, 油管里没有任 何物质存在时, 测试***所测量的计数; Ν ( X ) 代表在对应的测量厚度、 γ射线能量条 件下, 测试***所测量的计数; μι、 μ2可以通过预先测量指数衰减曲线求得, 也可通过 查核数据手册得到。
在设计放射源***时, 考虑到高、 低能量之间应满足一定的条件, 这会影响到测量 精度。 高能 ΕΗ与低能 EL差别越大, 测量精度越好, 例如: Eh« (1. 5〜3) EL, 简单一点, E„«2EL , 高能 γ射线的能量范围可以取在 10keV〜lMeV之间。
本发明所述的双能 γ射线测量技术利用建立的比较完善的物理模型, 提高了测量系 统的测量精度, 适用于油田生产中的自动在线计量***。 理论模型精度比较高, 各种参 数物理意义明确, 使用简单, 考虑了温度、 压力等因素的影响。 当利用双能 γ射线源时, 可以在保证高的测量精度的同时, 简化***的装置, 提高测量***的可靠性, 对原油产 量的测量和计量有着特别重要的意义。
针对油、水、气三相混合体共存的情况, 本发明所述测量方法的详细理论依据推导 如下:
如果物质是混合物, 其密度为 ρ, 线性衰减系数为 μ, 所含元素的质量衰减系数为 则混合物的质量衰减系数用下式计算:
1 [pj
注意: 元素的质量衰减系数也可表示为 μ„, 线性厚度为 χ, 质量厚度为 。 即:
χ χ- ρ
Ρ
1、 考虑油水二相状态 (即: 气相含量为 0的情况。 这时, 无下标一原油 +水混合状态, 下标 1一纯水状态, 下标 2—纯原油状态)
= +(!-«1)^2
对单能的 γ源来讲, 其与物质的作用规律服从指数衰减规律。
N(xm) = N0e-^ (4)
其中: N。 一射线穿过空气后, 测量的计数。
N (xm) --射线穿过质量厚度为 xm的物质后, 测量的计数,
在这种情况下, 一个未知量含水率 c¾, 一个方程, 故采用单能即可解决测量问题, 这就是本发明在二相状态下所采用的单能测量含量的方法。
对单能的 γ源来讲, 其与物质的作用规律服从指数衰减规律 t
N(xm) = N0e-^ (8)
为了求得含水率《和含气率 i¾, 需要列出类似 (9) 的二个方程。 从核物理上, 可 以通过二种不同能量的射线来测量求得。 (注意: 有的文献引入散射射线与物质的作用 关系而得出第二个方程, 但其方程来历比较模糊, 其中各个参数的物理意义不甚清晰。) 本文中, 采用双能测量模型讨论如下:
设 EH、 EL分别代表高能和低能 γ射线所对应的能量, 则 (9) 可以表示为:
理论上, 可根据方程 (10) 和 (11) 求得 ω^Ρί¾, 这就是双能 γ射线测试含水率和 含气率的方法, 即本发明中所采用的特殊算法。
注意:
1) 在实验测量 Pi、 ρ2、 ρ^Βρ时, 需要同时检测样品的温度、 压力等参数的影响。
2) 因为气体的状态与温度、 压力密切相关, 应用中, 要测量与实际条件相一致的 p3禾口 μ 。
3) 求解方程时, 要采用实际相对应的 ρ值, 可以通过实时测量得到。
4) 高能 ΕΗ与低能 EL的差别越大, 测量精度要越好。 例如: EH«(1. 5〜3)EL, 简单一 点, EH=2EL。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体的实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述。
本发明还提供上述测量方法的测量***, 由以下所述分***组成: 产生一种或二种 能量 γ射线的放射源, 一个或二套探测器构成的探测器分***, 一个控制和数据处理分 ***。
进一步, 所述的二种能量 γ射线的放射源是二个独立的单能 γ射线放射源, 在测量管 道的同一个横截面上成一个角度 Θ放置, 0〈Θ〈180°, 产生的高、 低能 γ射线穿过三相混合 物后, 由对应的第一组探测器 (4) 和第二组探测器 (8) 测量到的高能和低能数据。
进一步,所述的二种能量 γ射线的放射源是二个独立的单能 γ射线放射源(2 )和(6), 在测量管道上依次并行放置, 两套探测通路的间隔 L, 0〈L〈10m, 由对应的第一组探测器 ( 4) 和第二组探测器 (8 ) 测量到的高能和低能数据。
进一步,所述的二种能量 γ射线的放射源是位置并列或重叠放置的放射源(2 )和(6), 由对应的第一组探测器 (4) 测量到的高能和低能混合能谱, 高、 低能数据的识别是通 过 γ射线能谱分析方法来区分的。
附图说明
图 1为二个放射源和探测器横向安装方式的示意图;
图 2为二个放射源和探测器纵向安装方式的示意图;
图 3为二个放射源并列放置方式和探测器安装的示意图。
图中: 1一测量设备; 2—高能 γ射线放射源; 3—高能 γ射线放射源的准直器和屏蔽 室; 4一第一组探测器; 5—第一组探测器的屏蔽管; 6—低能 γ射线放射源; 7—低能 γ射 线放射源的准直器和屏蔽室; 8—第二组探测器; 9一第二组探测器的屏蔽管; 10—原油 管道; 20—(第一路)信号成形、 放大和采样保持单元; 21—第二路信号成形、 放大和 采样保持单元; 22—(第一组)探测器的高压电源; 23—第二组探测器的高压电源; 24- (第一路) AD转换单元; 25—第二路 AD转换单元; 26— (第一路) 控制单元; 27—第 二路控制单元; 28—计算机; 30^射线放射源分***的控制***。 根据本发明所述测量方法, 给出以下三种测量***的应用实例:
实例 1 : 二个放射源和探测器横向安装方式测量***的工作原理
测量设备 1的核心部件的安装位置如图 1所示。
本实施例的特点是, 利用二个 γ射线放射源来产生高、 低能 γ射线。 高能 γ射线的放射 源 2、 准直器 3、 探测器 4和屏蔽管 5组成一套高能 γ射线探测通路, 同理低能 γ射线的 放射源 6、 准直器 7、 探测器 8和屏蔽管 9组成一套低能 γ射线探测通路。 两套探测通路 在原油管道 10的同一个横截面上, 这样减少了测量设备 1的长度。 注意图 1中所示的 两套探测通路的夹角不一定要求 90°, 只要能完整安装好测试部件, 并能确保二个探测 通路互不影响即可。 本实例要求流体在原油管道 10 的同一个横截面分布近似相同, 这 样才能满足理论上希望高低能 γ射线能同时打在介质的同一个位置上的理想要求。 实际 应用时, 可在介质流入测试设备前, 采取措施对流体加以搅拌, 使之混合均匀即可。
高能 γ射线的放射源 2发出高能 γ射线, 经过准直器和屏蔽室 3后, 穿过原油管道 10 中的介质, 被第一组探测器 4转换成电信号。 第一组探测器的屏蔽管 5的作用是保护第 一组探测器 4, 同时减少本底、 散射信号对第一组探测器 4的影响。 第一组探测器的高 压电源 22给第一组探测器 4提供工作电压, 第一组探测器 4的信号输出到第一路信号 成形、 放大和采样保持单元 20, 信号经过放大、 处理后, 送到第一路 AD转换单元 24 转换成数字信号, 最后送到计算机 28进行分析处理。 第一路控制单元 26用来同步、 协 调第一路各个单元和与其相关的分***的工作。
同理低能 γ射线的放射源 6发出低能 γ射线, 经过准直器和屏蔽室 7后, 穿过原油管 道 10中的介质, 被第二组探测器 8转换成电信号。 第二组探测器的屏蔽管 9的作用是 保护第二组探测器 8, 同时减少本底、 散射信号对第二组探测器 8的影响。 第二组探测 器的高压电源 23给第二组探测器 8提供工作电压, 第二组探测器 8的信号输出到第二 路信号成形、 放大和采样保持单元 21, 信号经过放大、 处理后, 送到第二路 AD转换单 元 25转换成数字信号, 最后送到计算机 28进行分析处理。 第二路控制单元 27用来同 步、 协调第二路各个单元和与其相关的分***的工作。
探测到的双能信号分别传输到计算机 28统一进行分析和处理。计算机专用软件应用
本发明中推导的模型 (也可以采用其它合适的模型), 算出原油中的含水率、 含气率等 指标。 实例 2: 二个放射源和探测器纵向安装方式测量***的工作原理
测量设备 1的核心部件的安装位置如图 2所示。
本应用实例的特点是, 利用二个放射源来产生高、 低能 γ射线。 产生高能 γ射线的放 射源 2、 准直器 3、 探测器 4和屏蔽管 5组成一套高能 γ射线探测通路, 同理产生的低能 γ射线的放射源 6、 准直器 7、 探测器 8和屏蔽管 9组成一套低能 γ射线探测通路。 两套 探测通路越靠近, 越能满足理论上希望高低能 γ射线能同时打在介质的同一个位置上的 理想要求。 实践中, 可根据介质的均匀度、流速、要求监测数据的间隔等, 调节其参数, 以保证测试条件尽可能满足理论模型和误差要求。
高能 γ射线的放射源 2发出高能 γ射线, 经过准直器和屏蔽室 3后, 穿过原油管道 10 中的介质, 被第一组探测器 4转换成电信号。 第一组探测器的屏蔽管 5的作用是保护第 一组探测器 4, 同时减少本底、 散射信号对第一组探测器 4的影响。 第一组探测器的高 压电源 22给第一组探测器 4提供工作电压, 第一组探测器 4的信号输出到第一路信号 成形、 放大和采样保持单元 20, 信号经过放大、 处理后, 送到第一路 AD转换单元 24 转换成数字信号, 最后送到计算机 28进行分析处理。 第一路控制单元 26用来同步、 协 调第一路各个单元和与其相关的分***的工作。
同理低能 γ射线的放射源 6发出低能 γ射线, 经过准直器和屏蔽室 7后, 穿过原油管 道 10中的介质, 被第二组探测器 8转换成电信号。 第二组探测器的屏蔽管 9的作用是 保护第二组探测器 8, 同时减少本底、 散射信号对第二组探测器 8的影响。 第二组探测 器的高压电源 23给第二组探测器 8提供工作电压, 第二组探测器 8的信号输出到第二 路信号成形、 放大和采样保持单元 21, 信号经过放大、 处理后, 送到第二路 AD转换单 元 25转换成数字信号, 最后送到计算机 28进行分析处理。 第二路控制单元 27用来同 步、 协调第二路各个单元和与其相关的分***的工作。
探测到的双能信号分别传到计算机 28后,采用专用软件,并应用本发明中推导的模 型 (也可以采用其它合适的模型), 算出原油中的含水率、 含气率等指标。 实例 3: 二个放射源并列放置方式测量***的工作原理
测量设备 1的核心部件的安装位置如图 3所示。
本应用实例的特点是,把二个 γ射线放射源 2和 6并列放置在对准准直器 3出口的位 置, 让高、 低 γ射线随机从准直器 3 的出***出。 利用专用软件的能谱分析功能, 标记 高能、 低能 γ射线的能量区间, 分别记录高能、 低能 γ射线的计数, 作为高、 低能通道数 据使用。
由放射源 2和 6分别发出的高、 低能 γ射线, 随机但不同时穿过准直器 3, 照射原油 管道 10中的介质,被探测器 4转换成电信号。探测器的屏蔽管 5的作用是保护探测器 4, 同时减少探测本底、 散射信号对探测器 4的影响。 探测器的高压电源 22给探测器 4提 供工作电压,探测器 4的信号输出到信号成形、放大和采样保持单元 20,信号经过放大、 处理后, 送到 AD转换单元 24转换成数字信号, 最后送到计算机 28进行分析处理。 控 制单元 26用来同步、 协调各个单元或分***的工作。
在本实例中, 放射源 2和 6分时公用的同一套探测器***, 高、 低能的识别是通过 计算机专用软件中的 γ射线能谱分析功能来区别的。
Claims
1 . 一种三相混合物中物质含量的双能 γ射线测量方法, 所述三相混合物为原油或天 然气中所含的油、 水、 气、 沙中任意三种的组合, 其特征在于:
所述测量方法的步骤为:
(1)由放射源产生双能 γ射线;
(2)发出来的 γ射线穿过三相混合物;
(3)所述双能 γ射线穿过三相混合物后, 由探测器分***探测到高能和低能两组数据;
(4)测量的高能和低能数据, 由以下算法来求解三相混合物中对应三种物质的含量; 所述的算法为:
ωλ , «2和《3分别对应混合物中三中物质的重量百分比, ί¾ = 1 - - ί¾
ωλ和 3可根据实测数据, 由如下的两个方程来求解:
方程中: EH、 分别代表 γ放射源发出的高能 γ射线和低能 γ射线所对应的能量; ρ 代表三相混合物下的实际密度, 代表实际管里所对应的温度、 压力等条件下纯物质 1 的密度, p2代表实际管里所对应的温度、 压力等条件下纯物质 2的密度, p3代表实际管 里所对应的温度、 压力等条件下纯物质 3的密度; μι、 μ2、 μ3分别代表纯物质 1、 纯物 质 2、 纯物质 3在对应的 γ射线能量下的线性衰减系数; X代表测试***测量空间的线性 厚度; NQ ( E )代表在对应的 γ射线能量条件下, 管里没有任何物质存在时, 测试***所 测量的计数; Ν ( χ, Ε)代表在对应的测量厚度和 γ射线能量条件下, 测试***所测量的 计数; 所述 Ε为 ΕΗ或 EL; μι μ2、 μ3可以通过预先测量指数衰减曲线求得, 也可通过 查核数据手册得到。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种三相混合物中物质含量的双能 γ射线测量方法, 其特 征在于,所述三相混合物是原油或天然气中油水气三相混合物时,所述的 W、《2和《3的
具体含义为:
W…-含水率,
ί¾…-含油率,
«3— -含气率。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的三相混合物中物质含量的双能 γ射线测量方法, 其特征在 于, 所述三相混合物是原油中油水沙三相混合物时, 所述的 W、 《2和《3的具体含义为:
W…-含水率,
ί¾…-含油率,
ί¾…-含沙量。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的三相混合物中物质含量的双能 γ射线测量方法, 其特征在 于, 所述三相混合物是天然气中气水沙三相混合物时, 所述的 w、 《2和《3的具体含义 为:
W…-含水率,
ί¾…-含气率,
…-含沙量。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的三相混合物中物质含量的双能 γ射线测量方法, 其特征在 于: 高能 γ源的能量 ΕΗ范围在 10keV〜lMeV之间, 低能 EL满足关系式 EJH;1.5〜3)EL, 或为 Eh-2EL。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的三相混合物中物质含量的双能 γ射线测量方法, 其特征在 于: 当 w、 ω2、 ί¾其中一项为零时, 测量***的 γ射线放射产生单能 γ射线, 采用如下 公式来求解物质 1的百分含量 w和物质 2的百分含量 ί¾:
ω2 = \ - ω
公式中: p代表油管中二相状态下的实际密度, Pl代表实际油管里所对应的温度、 压力等条件下物质 1的密度, p2代表实际油管里所对应的温度、压力等条件下物质 2的- 密度; ^、 μ2分别代表物质 1、 物质 2在对应的 γ射线能量下的线性衰减系数; X代表测 试***测量空间的线性厚度; No代表在对应的 γ射线能量条件下, 油管里没有任何物质 存在时, 测试***所测量的计数; Ν ( X ) 代表在对应的测量厚度、 γ射线能量条件下, 测试***所测量的计数; μΐ、 μ2可以通过预先测量指数衰减曲线求得, 也可通过查核数 据手册得到。
7. 用于权利要求 1所述测量方法的测量***, 其特征在于:
由以下所述分***组成: 产生一种或二种能量 γ射线的放射源, 一个或二套探测器 构成的探测器分***, 一个控制和数据处理分***。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的测量***, 其特征在于: 所述的二种能量 γ射线的放射源 是二个独立的单能 γ射线放射源, 在测量管道的同一个横截面上成一个角度 Θ放置, 0<θ<180°, 产生的高、 低能 γ射线穿过三相混合物后, 由对应的第一组探测器 (4)和第 二组探测器 (8 ) 测量到的高能和低能数据。
9. 根据权利要求 7所述的测量***, 其特征在于: 所述的二种能量 γ射线的放射源 是二个独立的单能 γ射线放射源 (2) 和 (6), 在测量管道上依次并行放置, 两套探测通 路的间隔 L, 0<L<10m, 由对应的第一组探测器 (4) 和第二组探测器 (8) 测量到的高 能和低能数据。
10. 根据权利要求 7所述的测量***, 其特征在于: 所述的二种能量 γ射线的放射 源是位置并列或重叠放置的放射源 (2)和 (6), 由对应的第一组探测器 (4)测量到的 高能和低能混合能谱, 高、 低能数据的识别是通过 γ射线能谱分析方法来区分的。
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