WO2009113530A1 - 充電状態均等化装置及びこれを具えた組電池システム - Google Patents
充電状態均等化装置及びこれを具えた組電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009113530A1 WO2009113530A1 PCT/JP2009/054528 JP2009054528W WO2009113530A1 WO 2009113530 A1 WO2009113530 A1 WO 2009113530A1 JP 2009054528 W JP2009054528 W JP 2009054528W WO 2009113530 A1 WO2009113530 A1 WO 2009113530A1
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- discharge
- charge state
- voltage
- evaluation value
- equalization
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0053—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to fuel cells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
- H02J7/007184—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage in response to battery voltage gradient
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for equalizing the state of charge of a plurality of cells constituting an assembled battery, and an assembled battery system including the device.
- battery packs such as battery packs in which a plurality of lithium ion secondary batteries (cells) are connected in series in a hybrid vehicle. Since the discharge output of the assembled battery is limited by the cell having the lowest state of charge (SOC) among the plurality of cells constituting the assembled battery, the discharge output of the assembled battery depends on the variation in the SOC of the plurality of cells constituting the assembled battery. The performance as an assembled battery will fall. Accordingly, an equalization process (for example, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2001-218376 and Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2001-231178) for keeping variation in SOC of a plurality of cells constituting the assembled battery within a certain range is performed. Necessary.
- FIG. 8 shows a battery system of a conventional hybrid vehicle.
- the battery system includes an assembled battery in which a plurality of cells (1) are connected in series and a charged state that equalizes the charged state of the assembled battery. It is comprised from the equalization apparatus (4), and electric power can be supplied from the assembled battery to the load (3).
- a motor for driving the wheels of the hybrid vehicle, a control circuit for controlling the entire vehicle, and the like are connected as the load (3).
- An open / close switch (31) is interposed in the power supply path from the assembled battery to the load (3), and when the ignition switch (not shown) is turned on by the user, the open / close switch (31) is closed and the load from the assembled battery is loaded.
- the open / close switch (31) is opened and the power supply from the assembled battery to the load (3) is stopped.
- a discharge circuit (41) in which a resistor R and a switch SW are connected in series with each other is connected in parallel to each cell (1) at both ends of each cell (1) constituting the assembled battery.
- a voltage measurement circuit (42) for measuring the voltage across both cells (open voltage).
- the measurement result by each voltage measurement circuit (42) is supplied to the control circuit (40).
- the control circuit (40) calculates the equalization target voltage based on the measurement result by each voltage measurement circuit (42), and then based on the calculated equalization target voltage and the measurement result by each voltage measurement circuit (42).
- the switching operation of the switch SW of each discharge circuit (41) is controlled.
- the control circuit (40) receives the power supply from the assembled battery and performs the control operation.
- the lowest voltage is specified from the voltages across the cells (1) constituting the assembled battery, and a value obtained by adding a predetermined value to the lowest voltage is equalized. Is calculated as a target voltage. Then, the discharge by the discharge circuit (41) is started for the cells whose both-end voltages exceed the equalization target voltage, and then the discharge by the discharge circuit (41) is started when the both-end voltages reach the equalization target voltage. Stopped. Thereby, the SOCs of a plurality of cells constituting the assembled battery are equalized.
- the assembled battery equalization process generally needs to be performed in a state where the load is small.
- the assembled battery equalization process is performed in a stopped state (the ignition switch is off).
- the assembled battery is also used as the power source of the load (3) and the power source of the control circuit (40) constituting the charge state equalization device (4), and the hybrid vehicle is stopped. Since the power is supplied from the assembled battery to the control circuit (40) even when the battery is in a state of being present, the voltage across the cell gradually decreases even when the discharge circuit (41) is not being discharged. It will be.
- the discharge by the discharge circuit (41) is not performed as will be described later. That is, the voltage across the cell where the discharge by the discharged cell or the discharge circuit (41) has been finished first falls below the equalization target voltage.
- the equalization process ends when the voltage across the cell L1 having the highest voltage across the voltage reaches the equalization target voltage.
- the voltage across the cell L1 reaches the equalization target voltage and is discharged.
- the both-end voltage gradually decreases, and the end-to-end voltage falls below the equalization target voltage at the end of the equalization process.
- the both-end voltage gradually decreases, and the both-end voltage falls below the equalization target voltage at the end of the equalization process.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a state-of-charge equalization apparatus capable of performing equalization processing with higher accuracy than before, and an assembled battery system including the apparatus.
- the state-of-charge equalization apparatus targets a battery pack in which a plurality of cells are connected in series, and the state of charge evaluation value representing a state of charge or a value corresponding to the state of charge is different from the equalization target value.
- a discharge control value deriving means for deriving a discharge end value to be terminated;
- the discharge by the discharge means is started for the one or a plurality of discharge target cells, and then each discharge time derived by the discharge control value deriving means for the discharge by the discharge means for each discharge target cell has elapsed.
- equalization processing means for executing an equalization process that ends when the state of charge evaluation value reaches each discharge end value derived by the discharge control value deriving means.
- the discharge control value deriving unit is configured to perform a discharge state evaluation value of a discharge target cell and a charge state evaluation value of a non-discharge target cell before discharge by the discharge unit, and discharge by the discharge unit.
- the state of charge evaluation value is a voltage across the cell, and further comprises voltage measuring means for measuring the voltage across the cells constituting the assembled battery, the discharge control value deriving means, The both-end voltage of the discharge target cell and the both-end voltage of the discharge non-target cell measured by the voltage measuring means before the discharge by the discharge means is started, and both ends of the cell when the discharge by the discharge means is being performed Based on the discharge voltage drop rate representing the voltage drop rate and the non-discharge voltage drop rate representing the voltage drop rate across the cell when the discharge by the discharge means is not performed, the discharge time or discharge end Deriving a value.
- FIG. 3 shows a change in the voltage between both ends of the discharge target cell Li that is discharged by the discharging means during the equalization process and the voltage between both ends of the discharge non-target cell L0 that is not discharged by the discharging means.
- Vd0 represents the equalization target voltage.
- the voltage across both cells of the discharge target cell Li and the discharge non-target cell L0 decreases substantially linearly, and the voltage decrease rate of the discharge target cell Li is higher than the voltage decrease rate of the discharge non-target cell L0.
- the time Tr and the voltage Vr at this point P are the voltages V1 and V0 of the discharge target cell before the discharge by the discharge means is started, and when the discharge by the discharge means is performed. It can be calculated from the voltage drop rate at the time of discharge of the cell and the difference between the voltage drop rate at the time of non-discharge of the cell when discharge by the discharge means is not performed.
- the discharge time or the discharge end value is determined as follows: the voltage across the discharge target cell and the voltage across the discharge non-target cell before the discharge by the discharge means is started; It is derived based on the hourly voltage drop speed.
- discharge by the discharge means is started on the discharge target cell, and thereafter The discharge by the discharge means for each discharge target cell is stopped when each derived discharge time elapses or when each discharge end voltage reaches the derived discharge end voltage.
- the voltage across the discharge target cell at which the discharge by the discharge means ends last becomes equal to the voltage across the discharge non-target cell when the discharge ends and the equalization process ends.
- the voltage across the discharge target cell where the discharge by the discharge means has ended first becomes equal to the voltage across the discharge non-target cell when the discharge ends, and then gradually at the same rate as the discharge non-target cell.
- the voltage across the discharge target cell matches the voltage across the discharge non-target cell, and the discharge by the discharge non-target cell or the discharge circuit is finished first.
- the conventional charge state equalization apparatus in which the cells are below the equalization target voltage, higher accuracy can be obtained for the equalization process.
- the equalization target value calculation means calculates an equalization target value based on the lowest voltage across the plurality of cells constituting the assembled battery.
- one or more discharge non-target cells whose voltage at both ends is equal to or less than the equalization target value can be suppressed to a small number, and when there is one discharge non-target cell, Since the voltage across the discharge target cell matches the voltage across the one discharge non-target cell, the voltage across all the cells constituting the assembled battery can be made uniform. Even when there are a plurality of discharge non-target cells, the number of the cells is small, so the variation in the voltage between both ends of the non-discharge target cells is small. The variation in the voltage at both ends can be kept small.
- the discharge control value deriving means includes a voltage across the discharge target cell V1 before the discharge by the discharge means is started, a voltage across the discharge non-target cell V0, and a voltage drop during discharge.
- the discharge time for each discharge target cell can be calculated with high accuracy by the above equation 1.
- Discharge control means for performing discharge by the discharge means for a certain period of time on one or a plurality of cells of the plurality of cells constituting the assembled battery; After the discharge for a certain period of time, the charge state evaluation value before the discharge of one or a plurality of discharge target cells in which the discharge has been performed, and the charge state evaluation value at the time when the discharge has ended, Based on the fixed time, the charge state evaluation value change rate at the time of discharge is calculated, and the charge state before the discharge of one or a plurality of discharge non-target cells that have not been discharged for the fixed time Based on the evaluation value, the charge state evaluation value at the time when the discharge is completed, and the predetermined time, a charge state evaluation value change rate calculating means for calculating the charge state evaluation value change rate at the time of non-discharge is provided,
- the discharge control value deriving unit uses the charge state evaluation value change rate during discharge and the charge state evaluation value change rate during non-discharge calculated by the charge state evaluation value change rate calculation unit, and discharge
- the charge state evaluation value change rate during discharge and the charge state evaluation value during non-discharge are different for each battery pack system. Although it is necessary to obtain the change rate, it is troublesome to obtain the charge state evaluation value change rate by experiments or the like. Therefore, in the above specific configuration, for example, before the equalization process is performed, a discharge for a certain period of time is performed on one or a plurality of cells of a plurality of cells constituting the assembled battery.
- Charge state evaluation value change rate and non-discharge charge state evaluation value change rate are calculated, and then each discharge target is calculated using the calculated discharge charge state evaluation value change rate and non-discharge charge state evaluation value change rate.
- the discharge time or discharge end value for the cell is derived.
- Charge state evaluation value change rate storage means in which the charge state evaluation value change rate during discharge and the charge state evaluation value change rate during non-discharge are stored; After the equalization process is completed, the charge state evaluation value before the equalization process is started for one or a plurality of discharge target cells discharged by the discharge unit in the equalization process and the discharge unit Based on the charge state evaluation value at the time when the discharge is completed and the discharge time derived by the discharge control value deriving means, the charge state evaluation value change rate during discharge is calculated, and the discharge is performed in the equalization process.
- the charge state evaluation value change rate during discharge and the charge state evaluation value change rate during non-discharge stored in the charge state evaluation value change rate storage unit are calculated by the second charge state evaluation value change rate calculation unit, respectively.
- the discharge time in the subsequent equalization process is derived using the charge state evaluation value change rate during discharge.
- the discharge time for each discharge target cell is derived using the updated charge state evaluation value change rate during discharge and the charge state evaluation value change rate during non-discharge. According to the above specific configuration, since the discharge time is always calculated using values close to the actual charge state evaluation value change rate during discharge and the charge state evaluation value change rate during non-discharge, the equalization process is always performed with high accuracy. Can be done.
- An assembled battery system comprises an assembled battery formed by connecting a plurality of cells in series, and a charge state equalizing device for equalizing the state of charge of each cell constituting the assembled battery, and the state of charge
- the charge state equalization apparatus of the present invention is adopted as the equalization apparatus.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a battery system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the equalization processing procedure executed in the battery system of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a graph for explaining the equalization processing of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing a change in the voltage across each cell in the equalization processing of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the first half of the equalization processing procedure executed when the ignition switch is first turned off in the battery system of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the latter half of the above procedure.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an equalization processing procedure executed when the ignition switch is turned off after the second time in the battery system.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional battery system.
- FIG. 9 is a graph for explaining a conventional problem.
- the battery system of the present embodiment includes an assembled battery formed by connecting a plurality of (three in the illustrated example) cells (1) composed of lithium ion secondary batteries in series, It is comprised from the charge condition equalization apparatus (2) which equalizes the charge condition of this assembled battery, and electric power can be supplied from the assembled battery to the load (3).
- the load (3) a motor for driving wheels, a control circuit for controlling the entire automobile, and the like are connected.
- An open / close switch (31) is interposed in the power supply path from the assembled battery to the load (3), and when the ignition switch (not shown) is turned on by the user, the open / close switch (31) is closed and the load from the assembled battery is loaded.
- the open / close switch (31) is opened and the power supply from the assembled battery to the load (3) is stopped.
- Discharge circuits (21) formed by connecting resistors R and switches SW in series with each other are connected in parallel to each cell (1) at both ends of each cell (1) constituting the assembled battery.
- a voltage measurement circuit (22) for measuring the voltage across both cells (open voltage).
- the measurement result by each voltage measurement circuit (22) is supplied to the control circuit (20).
- the control circuit (20) calculates the equalization target voltage based on the measurement results, and discharges to be performed by the discharge circuit (21) as will be described later for each discharge target cell exceeding the equalization target voltage.
- the time is calculated, and the switching operation of the switch SW of each discharge circuit (21) is controlled based on the calculated discharge time and the time measurement result by a built-in timer (not shown).
- the control circuit (20) receives the power from the assembled battery and performs the control operation.
- FIG. 3 shows changes in the voltage across the discharge target cell Li that is discharged by the discharge circuit during the equalization process and the voltage across the discharge non-target cell L0 that is not discharged by the discharge circuit.
- Vd0 represents the equalization target voltage.
- the voltage between both ends of the discharge target cell Li and the discharge non-target cell L0 decreases substantially linearly, and the voltage decrease rate of the discharge target cell Li is higher than the voltage decrease rate of the discharge non-target cell L0. Therefore, there is a point P at which the voltage across the discharge target cell Li becomes equal to the voltage across the discharge non-target cell L0.
- this point P coincides with the point where the state of charge of the discharge target cell becomes equal to the state of charge of the non-discharge target cell.
- the time at the above point is calculated as the discharge time for one or a plurality of discharge target cells whose both-end voltages exceed the equalization target voltage, and the one or a plurality of discharge target cells.
- the discharge by the discharge circuit for each discharge target cell is stopped at the time when each calculated discharge time has elapsed.
- the discharge time for each discharge target cell can be determined as follows.
- V1 the voltage drop rate during discharge of the cell when the discharge by the discharge circuit is performed
- Tr the discharge time by the discharge circuit
- FIG. 2 shows a procedure of equalization processing executed by the control circuit (20) in a state where the hybrid vehicle is stopped.
- the ignition switch is set to OFF, first, in step S1, open voltages V1 [0] to V1 [N-1] of a plurality (N) of cells constituting the assembled battery are measured, and then step S2 Then, the minimum voltage Vmin is specified from the plurality of open-circuit voltages obtained as a result of the measurement, and the equalization target voltage Vd0 is calculated.
- step S3 after the cell number i is initialized to 0, in step S4, it is determined whether or not the open circuit voltage V1 [i] of the cell with the cell number i exceeds the equalization target voltage Vd0. If it is determined, the process proceeds to step S5, where the cell open-circuit voltage V1 [i] and the minimum voltage Vmin specified in step S2 are used for the cell using the following formula 5 stored in the built-in memory.
- the discharge time Tr [i] is calculated.
- the non-discharge voltage drop rate Ds0 and the discharge voltage drop rate Ds1 are constants obtained experimentally in advance.
- step S6 the discharge circuit connected to the cell is turned on to start discharging.
- step S7 the cell number i is incremented by one.
- step S8 it is determined whether or not the cell number i matches the number N of cells constituting the assembled battery. If NO is determined, the process returns to step S4 and the above procedure is repeated. If the open circuit voltage V1 [i] of the cell is equal to or lower than the equalization target voltage Vd0 and it is determined NO in step S4 in the process of repeating the above procedure, the process bypasses steps S5 and S6. The process proceeds to step S7.
- step S8 it is determined whether or not the open circuit voltage V1 [i] exceeds the equalization target voltage Vd0 for all cells constituting the assembled battery, and all the open circuit voltage V1 [i] exceeds the equalization target voltage Vd0.
- step S10 the discharge circuit is set to OFF at the time when the discharge time calculated in step S5 has elapsed for each discharge target cell in which discharge by the discharge circuit has been started, and the discharge ends.
- the open voltage of the cell L0 is specified as the lowest voltage Vmin, and the both-ends voltage equalizes the equalized target voltage Vd0.
- Discharge times Tr [m] and Tr [n] for the cells Lm and Ln that exceed the above are calculated using Equation 5 above. Then, after the discharge by the discharge circuit is started for the cells Lm and Ln, the discharge by the discharge circuit for the cell Ln is stopped when the calculated discharge time Tr [n] has elapsed, and the discharge time Tr [m] When the time elapses, the discharge by the discharge circuit to the cell Lm is stopped.
- the voltage across the cell Lm becomes equal to the voltage across the cell L0 when the discharge by the discharge circuit is finished and the equalization process is finished.
- the voltage across the cell Ln becomes equal to the voltage across the cell L0 when the discharge by the discharge circuit is completed, and then gradually decreases at the same rate as the cell L0.
- the voltage across the cells Lm and Ln which are discharge target cells, coincides with the voltage across the cell L0, which is a discharge non-target cell.
- the voltage across the discharge target cell at the time when the equalization process is completed is a plurality of non-discharge target cells. Therefore, it corresponds to the voltage across the discharge non-target cell having the lowest open circuit voltage.
- the discharge time during which the voltage across the discharge target cell is equal to the voltage across the discharge non-target cell having the lowest open circuit voltage among the plurality of discharge non-target cells is calculated. It is also possible to employ a configuration that calculates a discharge time that is equal to the voltage across the non-discharge target cell.
- the equalization process ends by performing discharge by the discharge circuit for the discharge time in which the voltage across the discharge target cells is equal to the voltage across the discharge non-target cells. Occasionally, the voltage across all discharge target cells can be made to match the voltage across discharge non-target cells, and the equalization process can be more accurate than before.
- the non-discharge voltage drop rate Ds0 and the discharge voltage drop rate Ds1 are constants obtained experimentally in advance, whereas in the battery system of this embodiment, Each time the equalization process ends, the non-discharge voltage drop rate Ds0 and the discharge voltage drop rate Ds1 are updated. Since the configuration of the battery system of this embodiment is the same as that of the battery system of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 except for the control circuit, the description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 5 shows an equalization processing procedure executed by the control circuit of this embodiment when the ignition switch is turned off for the first time after the hybrid vehicle has traveled for the first time.
- the calculation method of the primary equalization target voltage is the same as the equalization target voltage calculation method of the first embodiment.
- step S13 after the cell number i is initialized to 0, in step S14, it is determined whether or not the open circuit voltage V1 [i] of the cell with the cell number i exceeds the primary equalization target voltage Vd0 ′. If yes, the process proceeds to step S15, the discharge circuit connected to the cell is turned on and discharge is started. In step S16, the cell number i is set to 1 only. Count up. Next, in step S17, it is determined whether or not the cell number i matches the number N of cells constituting the assembled battery. If NO is determined, the process returns to step S14 and the above procedure is repeated.
- step S14 If the open circuit voltage V1 [i] of the cell is equal to or lower than the primary equalization target voltage Vd0 ′ and it is determined NO in step S14 in the process of repeating the above procedure, the process bypasses step S15. Then, the process proceeds to step S16.
- step S17 the determination is YES in step S17, the process proceeds to step S18, the built-in timer is reset, and the timing operation is performed. Let it begin. Subsequently, in step S19, when a certain time (about 2 hours) has elapsed since the start of the timing operation, all the discharge circuits connected to all the discharge target cells are set to OFF.
- step S20 At the end of discharge, open voltages V1 [0] to V1 [N-1] of a plurality of cells constituting the assembled battery are measured.
- step S20 a non-discharge voltage drop rate Ds0 and a discharge voltage drop rate Ds1 are calculated.
- the calculation method of the secondary equalization target voltage is the same as the calculation method of the equalization target voltage of the first embodiment.
- the discharge starts for each of the non-discharge target cells that have not been discharged for a certain period of time among the plurality of cells constituting the assembled battery.
- the average value of the differences was calculated and calculated. The average value is divided by the predetermined time.
- a non-discharge voltage drop rate Ds0 is obtained.
- the open circuit voltage measured in step S11 and the discharge are measured for each discharge target cell that has been discharged for a certain period of time.
- the difference from the open circuit voltage measured in step S19 is calculated, and then the average value of these differences is calculated, and the calculated average value is divided by the predetermined time. Thereby, the voltage drop rate Ds1 during discharge is obtained.
- the difference between the open circuit voltage before the start of discharge for a certain time and the open circuit voltage at the end of the discharge is calculated for each of the plurality of discharge non-target cells. It is also possible to divide by the predetermined time and calculate the average value of the division results as the non-discharge voltage drop rate Ds0.
- the difference between the open circuit voltage before the start of discharge for a predetermined time and the open circuit voltage at the end of the discharge for each of the plurality of discharge target cells is calculated as the fixed voltage. It is also possible to divide by time and calculate the average value of those division results as the discharge voltage drop rate Ds1.
- step S22 the open circuit voltage V1 [i] measured in step S19 for the cell of cell number i is determined in step S20. It is determined whether or not the calculated secondary equalization target voltage Vd0 is exceeded. If the determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S23, and the open circuit voltage V1 [i] of the cell and the above step S20. From the identified minimum voltage Vmin, the non-discharge voltage drop rate Ds0 and the discharge voltage drop rate Ds1 calculated in step S20, the discharge time Tr [i] for the cell is calculated using Equation 5 above.
- step S24 the discharge circuit connected to the cell is turned on to start discharging, and in step S25, the cell number i is incremented by one.
- step S26 it is determined whether or not the cell number i matches the number N of cells constituting the assembled battery. If NO is determined, the process returns to step S22 and the above procedure is repeated. If the open circuit voltage V1 [i] of the cell is equal to or lower than the second equalization target voltage Vd0 and it is determined NO in step S22 in the process in which the above procedure is repeated, step S23 and step S24 are performed. Detour and go to step S25.
- step S26 the discharge time for all discharge target cells exceeding the target voltage Vd0 is calculated and discharge by the discharge circuit is started, it is determined as YES in step S26, the process proceeds to step S27, and the built-in timer is reset. Start timing operation. Subsequently, in step S28, for each discharge target cell for which discharge by the discharge circuit has been started, when the discharge time calculated in step S23 has elapsed, the switch of the discharge circuit is set to OFF and the discharge ends.
- step S23 open-circuit voltages V1 [0] to V1 [N-1] of a plurality of cells constituting the assembled battery are measured.
- step S29 the non-discharge voltage drop rate Ds0 and the discharge time are discharged.
- the voltage drop rate Ds1 is calculated and stored in the built-in memory, and the above procedure is terminated.
- step S29 the step before the equalization process is started for each discharge non-target cell that has not been discharged by the discharge circuit in the equalization process. After calculating the difference between the open circuit voltage measured in S19 and the open circuit voltage measured at the time when the equalization process is completed in step S28, the average value of these differences is calculated, and the calculated average value Is divided by the time from the start to the end of the equalization process, that is, the longest discharge time calculated in step S23. As a result, a non-discharge voltage drop rate Ds0 is obtained.
- step S19 is performed before the equalization process is started for each discharge target cell that has been discharged by the discharge circuit in the equalization process.
- the difference between the open-circuit voltage measured in step S28 and the open-circuit voltage measured at the time when each discharge time has elapsed in step S28 and the discharge by the discharge circuit is completed, and the calculated difference is divided by each discharge time. After that, the average value of the division results is calculated as the voltage drop rate Ds1 during discharge.
- the discharge target cell exceeding the primary equalization target voltage Vd0 ′ is discharged for a fixed time, and the discharge for the fixed time is started.
- the voltage drop rate Ds0 during non-discharge and the voltage drop rate Ds1 during discharge are calculated from the open-circuit voltage before discharge and the open-circuit voltage when the discharge for the fixed time is completed and the fixed time.
- the discharge time for each discharge target cell exceeding the secondary equalization target voltage Vd0 is calculated using both voltage drop rates Ds0 and Ds1, and discharge is performed for the calculated discharge time for each discharge target cell. An equalization process is performed.
- the non-discharge voltage drop rate Ds0 is calculated from the open circuit voltage before the equalization process is started, the open circuit voltage when the equalization process is completed, and the equalization process time required for the equalization process.
- the voltage drop during discharge is calculated from the open circuit voltage before the start of the equalization process and the open voltage at the time when the discharge by each discharge circuit is completed in the equalization process and the calculated discharge time.
- the speed Ds1 is calculated, and the calculated both voltage drop speeds Ds0 and Ds1 are stored in the built-in memory of the control circuit.
- FIG. 7 shows the equalization processing procedure executed by the control circuit of this embodiment when the ignition switch is set to OFF after the second time.
- step S31 open voltages V1 [0] to V1 [N-1] of a plurality of (N) cells constituting the assembled battery are measured, and then in step S32, a plurality of obtained results are obtained.
- the equalization target voltage calculation method is the same as the equalization target voltage calculation method of the first embodiment.
- step S33 after the cell number i is initialized to 0, in step S34, it is determined whether or not the open circuit voltage V1 [i] of the cell with the cell number i exceeds the equalization target voltage Vd0. If it is determined, the process proceeds to step S35, the switch of the discharge circuit connected to the cell is set to ON, and discharge is started.
- step S36 the open circuit voltage V1 [i] of the cell, the minimum voltage Vmin specified in step S32, the non-discharge voltage drop rate Ds0 and the discharge voltage drop rate Ds1 stored in the built-in memory. From the above, after calculating the discharge time Tr [i] for the cell using Equation 5, the cell number i is incremented by 1 in step S37. Next, in step S38, it is determined whether or not the cell number i matches the number N of cells constituting the assembled battery. If it is determined no, the process returns to step S34 and the above procedure is repeated.
- step S34 If the open circuit voltage V1 [i] of the cell is equal to or lower than the equalization target voltage Vd0 and it is determined NO in step S34 in the process of repeating the above procedure, the process bypasses steps S35 and S36. Control goes to step S37.
- step S38 When discharge by the discharge circuit is started for the discharge target cells and the discharge time for all of the discharge target cells is calculated, it is determined as YES in step S38, and the process proceeds to step S39. Reset to start timing operation. Subsequently, in step S40, for each discharge target cell for which discharge by the discharge circuit has started, when the discharge time calculated in step S36 has elapsed, the switch of the discharge circuit is set to OFF and the discharge is terminated.
- step S36 open-circuit voltages V1 [0] to V1 [N-1] of a plurality of cells constituting the assembled battery are measured.
- step S41 the non-discharge voltage drop rate Ds0 and the discharge time are discharged.
- the voltage drop rate Ds1 is calculated and overwritten in the voltage drop rate storage area of the built-in memory, and the above procedure is terminated.
- the non-discharge voltage drop rate and the discharge voltage drop rate stored in the built-in memory at that time are updated to the calculated non-discharge voltage drop rate and discharge voltage drop rate.
- the calculation method of the non-discharge voltage drop rate Ds0 and the discharge voltage drop rate Ds0 is the same as that in step S29.
- the ignition switch when the ignition switch is set to OFF after the second time, the equalized target voltage Vd0 using the non-discharge voltage drop rate Ds0 and the discharge voltage drop rate Ds1 stored in the built-in memory.
- the discharge time for each discharge target cell exceeding the above is calculated, and an equalization process is performed in which discharge is performed for each discharge time calculated for each discharge target cell.
- the non-discharge voltage drop rate Ds0 is calculated from the open circuit voltage before the equalization process is started, the open circuit voltage when the equalization process is completed, and the equalization process time required for the equalization process.
- the voltage drop during discharge is calculated from the open circuit voltage before the start of the equalization process and the open voltage at the time when the discharge by each discharge circuit is completed in the equalization process and the calculated discharge time.
- the speed Ds1 is calculated, and the non-discharge voltage drop speed and the discharge voltage drop speed stored in the internal memory at that time are updated to the calculated non-discharge voltage drop speed and discharge voltage drop speed.
- the non-discharge voltage drop rate Ds0 and the discharge voltage drop rate Ds1 are automatically calculated. There is no need for troublesome work such as that. Also, every time the equalization process is completed, the non-discharge voltage drop rate Ds0 and the discharge voltage drop rate Ds1 are updated, and the discharge is always performed using values close to the actual non-discharge voltage drop rate and the discharge voltage drop rate. Since the discharge time for the target cell is calculated, the equalization process can always be performed with high accuracy.
- each part structure of this invention is not restricted to the said embodiment, A various deformation
- the discharge time is calculated for each discharge target cell, and the discharge by the discharge circuit is terminated when the calculated discharge time has elapsed. It is also possible to employ a configuration in which the discharge end voltage at which the voltage across the target cell becomes equal is calculated and the discharge by the discharge circuit is terminated when the voltage across the discharge target cell reaches the calculated discharge end voltage. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the discharge by the discharge circuit is controlled based on the discharge time and the discharge end voltage.
- the discharge time is calculated based on the both-end voltage of the discharge target cell, the both-end voltage of the discharge non-target cell, and the voltage drop rates Ds0 and Ds1, but the charge state evaluation value is the charge Other values depending on the state (SOC [%] or remaining capacity [Ah]) and the state of charge, for example, an integrated value of the current flowing through the cell may be employed.
- the charge state evaluation value change rate is the rate at which the current integrated value increases when the direction in which the current flows during discharge is a positive direction. Will be expressed.
- the discharge time or the discharge end value is derived according to a table representing the relationship between the open voltage of the discharge target cell and the open voltage of the non-discharge target cell and the discharge time or discharge end value.
- a method of calculating the equalization target voltage a method of calculating the equalization target voltage based on the lowest open circuit voltage among the open circuit voltages of a plurality of cells constituting the assembled battery is adopted.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and various known methods such as a method of calculating the equalization target voltage based on the average value of the open-circuit voltages can be employed.
- the charge state evaluation value change rate during discharge and the charge state evaluation value change rate during non-discharge may vary from cell to cell
- the charge state evaluation value change rate during discharge and the non-discharge charge state evaluation value for each cell It is also possible to adopt a configuration for calculating the change rate.
- the discharge voltage drop rate and the non-discharge voltage drop rate are stored in the memory for each SOC range, and the discharge time is calculated using the discharge voltage drop rate and the non-discharge voltage drop rate according to the SOC at that time. It is also possible to calculate.
- discharge voltage drop rate and the non-discharge voltage drop rate calculated after the equalization process and the discharge voltage drop rate and the non-discharge voltage drop rate calculated after the end of the previous equalization process stored in the memory.
- Discharge voltage drop rate during discharge and non-discharge voltage drop rate) the average value of each voltage drop rate after weighting is calculated, and the voltage drop during discharge stored in the memory It is also possible to update the speed and the voltage drop speed during non-discharge to the calculated average values.
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Abstract
Description
そこで、組電池を構成する複数のセルのSOCのばらつきを一定範囲内に収めるための均等化処理(例えば日本国公開特許公報第2001-218376号及び日本国公開特許公報第2001-231178号)が必要となる。
組電池から負荷(3)への電力供給経路には開閉スイッチ(31)が介在し、図示省略するイグニッションスイッチをユーザがオン操作することによって、開閉スイッチ(31)が閉じて、組電池から負荷(3)への電力供給が開始され、或いは該イグニッションスイッチをユーザがオフ操作することによって、開閉スイッチ(31)が開いて、組電池から負荷(3)への電力供給が停止される。
各電圧測定回路(42)による測定結果は、制御回路(40)に供給される。制御回路(40)は、各電圧測定回路(42)による測定結果に基づいて均等化目標電圧を算出した後、算出した均等化目標電圧と各電圧測定回路(42)による測定結果とに基づいて各放電回路(41)のスイッチSWのスイッチング動作を制御する。尚、該制御回路(40)は、組電池から電力の供給を受けて該制御動作を行なう。
しかしながら、ハイブリッド自動車のバッテリシステムにおいては、組電池が負荷(3)の電源及び充電状態均等化装置(4)を構成する制御回路(40)の電源として兼用されており、ハイブリッド自動車が停車している状態であっても組電池から該制御回路(40)に対し電力が供給されるため、セルの両端電圧は放電回路(41)による放電が行なわれていない状態であっても徐々に低下することになる。従って、均等化処理の開始時に両端電圧の最も高かったセルの両端電圧が均等化目標電圧に達して均等化処理が終了する時点では、後述の如く、放電回路(41)による放電が実施されなかったセルや放電回路(41)による放電が先に終了したセルの両端電圧が均等化目標電圧を下回ることになる。
本発明の目的は、従来よりも高い精度で均等化処理を行なうことが出来る充電状態均等化装置、及び該装置を具えた組電池システムを提供することである。
各セルの放電を行なう放電手段と、
均等化目標値を算出する均等化目標値算出手段と、
充電状態評価値が前記均等化目標値算出手段によって算出された均等化目標値と異なる1或いは複数の放電対象セルについて夫々、前記放電手段による放電を実施すべき放電時間或いは前記放電手段による放電を終了すべき放電終了値を導出する放電制御値導出手段と、
前記1或いは複数の放電対象セルに対して前記放電手段による放電を開始し、その後、各放電対象セルに対する前記放電手段による放電を、前記放電制御値導出手段によって導出された各放電時間が経過したときに、或いは充電状態評価値が前記放電制御値導出手段によって導出された各放電終了値に達したときに終了する均等化処理を実行する均等化処理手段
とを具えている。そして、前記放電制御値導出手段は、前記放電手段による放電が開始される前の放電対象セルの充電状態評価値及び放電非対象セルの充電状態評価値と、前記放電手段による放電が実施されているときのセルの充電状態評価値の変化速度を表わす放電時充電状態評価値変化速度と、前記放電手段による放電が実施されていないときのセルの充電状態評価値の変化速度を表わす非放電時充電状態評価値変化速度とに基づいて、前記放電対象セルの充電状態が前記放電非対象セルの充電状態と等しくなる放電時間或いは放電終了値を導出する。
具体的構成において、前記充電状態評価値はセルの両端電圧であって、更に、組電池を構成する各セルの両端電圧を測定する電圧測定手段を具えており、前記放電制御値導出手段は、前記放電手段による放電が開始される前に前記電圧測定手段によって測定された放電対象セルの両端電圧及び放電非対象セルの両端電圧と、前記放電手段による放電が実施されているときのセルの両端電圧の低下速度を表わす放電時電圧低下速度と、前記放電手段による放電が実施されていないときのセルの両端電圧の低下速度を表わす非放電時電圧低下速度とに基づいて、放電時間或いは放電終了値を導出する。
図3は、均等化処理中に放電手段による放電が実施されている放電対象セルLiの両端電圧と放電手段による放電が実施されていない放電非対象セルL0の両端電圧の変化を表わしている。尚、図中のVd0は均等化目標電圧を表わしている。図示の如く、放電対象セルLi及び放電非対象セルL0の何れのセルの両端電圧も略線形的に低下し、放電対象セルLiの電圧低下速度は放電非対象セルL0の電圧低下速度に比べて高いため、放電対象セルLiの両端電圧が放電非対象セルL0の両端電圧と等しくなる点Pが存在する。ここで、セルの両端電圧は充電状態に応じて変化するため、この点Pは放電対象セルの充電状態が放電非対象セルの充電状態と等しくなる点と一致する。この点Pの時間Tr及び電圧Vrは、放電手段による放電が開始される前の放電対象セルの両端電圧V1及び放電非対象セルの両端電圧V0と、放電手段による放電が実施されているときのセルの放電時電圧低下速度と放電手段による放電が実施されていないときのセルの非放電時電圧低下速度の差とから算出することが出来る。
この様にして、両端電圧が均等化目標値を超える1或いは複数の放電対象セルについてそれぞれ放電時間或いは放電終了値が導出された後、放電対象セルに対して放電手段による放電が開始され、その後、各放電対象セルに対する放電手段による放電が、導出された各放電時間が経過したときに、或いは両端電圧が導出された各放電終了電圧に達したときに停止される。これによって、放電手段による放電が最後に終了する放電対象セルの両端電圧は、その放電が終了して均等化処理が終了する時点で前記放電非対象セルの両端電圧と等しくなる。又、放電手段による放電が先に終了した放電対象セルの両端電圧は、その放電が終了した時点で該放電非対象セルの両端電圧と等しくなり、その後、該放電非対象セルと同じ速度で徐々に低下することなる。この様にして、均等化処理が終了する時点では、放電対象セルの両端電圧が放電非対象セルの両端電圧に一致することとなって、放電非対象セルや放電回路による放電が先に終了したセルが均等化目標電圧を下回る従来の充電状態均等化装置に比べて均等化処理について高い精度を得ることが出来る。
(数式1)
Tr=(V0-V1)/(Ds0-Ds1)
組電池を構成する前記複数のセルの内、一部の1或いは複数のセルに対して、前記放電手段による放電を一定時間だけ実施する放電制御手段と、
前記一定時間の放電が終了した後に、該放電が実施された1或いは複数の放電対象セルの該放電が開始される前の充電状態評価値と該放電が終了した時点での充電状態評価値と前記一定時間とに基づいて、放電時充電状態評価値変化速度を算出すると共に、前記一定時間の放電が実施されなかった1或いは複数の放電非対象セルの該放電が開始される前の充電状態評価値と該放電が終了した時点での充電状態評価値と前記一定時間とに基づいて、非放電時充電状態評価値変化速度を算出する充電状態評価値変化速度算出手段
とを具えており、前記放電制御値導出手段は、前記充電状態評価値変化速度算出手段によって算出された放電時充電状態評価値変化速度及び非放電時充電状態評価値変化速度を用いて、その後の均等化処理における放電時間或いは放電終了値を導出する。
上記具体的構成によれば、放電時充電状態評価値変化速度及び非放電時充電状態評価値変化速度が自動的に算出されるので、これらの充電状態評価値変化速度を実験等によって求める面倒な作業は不要となる。
放電時充電状態評価値変化速度及び非放電時充電状態評価値変化速度が格納されている充電状態評価値変化速度格納手段と、
均等化処理が終了した後に、該均等化処理にて前記放電手段による放電が実施された1或いは複数の放電対象セルの該均等化処理が開始される前の充電状態評価値と前記放電手段による放電が終了した時点での充電状態評価値と前記放電制御値導出手段によって導出された放電時間とに基づいて、放電時充電状態評価値変化速度を算出すると共に、前記均等化処理にて前記放電手段による放電が実施されなかった1或いは複数の放電非対象セルの該均等化処理が開始される前の充電状態評価値と該均等化処理が終了した時点での充電状態評価値と該均等化処理が開始されてから終了するまでの時間とに基づいて、非放電時充電状態評価値変化速度を算出する第2充電状態評価値変化速度算出手段と、
前記充電状態評価値変化速度格納手段に格納されている放電時充電状態評価値変化速度及び非放電時充電状態評価値変化速度を夫々、前記第2充電状態評価値変化速度算出手段によって算出された放電時充電状態評価値変化速度及び非放電時充電状態評価値変化速度に更新する更新手段
とを具えており、前記放電制御値導出手段は、更新された放電時充電状態評価値変化速度及び非放電時充電状態評価値変化速度を用いて、その後の均等化処理における放電時間を導出する。
上記具体的構成によれば、常に実際の放電時充電状態評価値変化速度及び非放電時充電状態評価値変化速度に近い値を用いて放電時間が算出されるので、常に高い精度で均等化処理を行なうことが出来る。
(2) 充電状態均等化装置
(21) 放電回路
(22) 電圧測定回路
(3) 負荷
(31) 開閉スイッチ
第1実施例
図1に示す如く、本実施例のバッテリシステムは、リチウムイオン二次電池からなる複数(図示する例では3つ)のセル(1)を直列に接続してなる組電池と、該組電池の充電状態を均等化する充電状態均等化装置(2)とから構成され、該組電池から負荷(3)へ電力の供給が可能となっている。尚、負荷(3)としては、車輪を駆動するモータや自動車全体を制御する制御回路等が接続されている。
組電池から負荷(3)への電力供給経路には開閉スイッチ(31)が介在し、図示省略するイグニッションスイッチをユーザがオン操作することによって、開閉スイッチ(31)が閉じて、組電池から負荷(3)への電力供給が開始され、或いは該イグニッションスイッチをユーザがオフ操作することによって、開閉スイッチ(31)が開いて、組電池から負荷(3)への電力供給が停止される。
各電圧測定回路(22)による測定結果は、制御回路(20)に供給される。制御回路(20)は、それらの測定結果に基づいて均等化目標電圧を算出すると共に、均等化目標電圧を超える放電対象セルについて夫々、後述の如く放電回路(21)による放電を実施すべき放電時間を算出し、算出した放電時間と内蔵するタイマ(図示省略)による計時結果とに基づいて各放電回路(21)のスイッチSWのスイッチング動作を制御する。尚、該制御回路(20)は、組電池から電力の供給を受けて該制御動作を行なう。
上記本発明に係る充電状態均等化装置においては、両端電圧が均等化目標電圧を超える1或いは複数の放電対象セルについてそれぞれ上記点の時間が放電時間として算出され、それら1或いは複数の放電対象セルに対して放電回路による放電が開始された後、各放電対象セルに対する放電回路による放電が、算出された各放電時間の経過時点で停止される。
均等化開始前の放電対象セルLiの両端電圧をV1、放電回路による放電が実施されているときのセルの放電時電圧低下速度をDs1、放電回路による放電時間をTrとすると、放電回路による放電が終了する時点での放電対象セルLiの両端電圧Vrは、下記数式2によって表わされる。
(数式2)
Vr=V1-Ds1・Tr
(数式3)
Vr0=V0-Ds0・Tr
(数式4)
Tr=(V0-V1)/(Ds0-Ds1)
(数式5)
Tr[i]=(Vmin-V1[i])/(Ds0-Ds1)
尚、放電非対象セルが1つの場合について説明したが、放電非対象セルが複数である場合には、均等化処理が終了する時点で放電対象セルの両端電圧が複数の放電非対象セルの中で開放電圧の最も低い放電非対象セルの両端電圧に一致することになる。又、本実施例においては、放電対象セルの両端電圧が複数の放電非対象セルの中で開放電圧の最も低い放電非対象セルの両端電圧と等しくなる放電時間を算出しているが、他の放電非対象セルの両端電圧と等しくなる放電時間を算出する構成を採用することも可能である。
第1実施例のバッテリシステムにおいては、非放電時電圧低下速度Ds0及び放電時電圧低下速度Ds1が予め実験的に求められた定数であるのに対し、本実施例のバッテリシステムにおいては、均等化処理が終了する度に非放電時電圧低下速度Ds0及び放電時電圧低下速度Ds1が更新される。
本実施例のバッテリシステムの構成は、制御回路を除いて、図1に示す第1実施例のバッテリシステムと同一であるので、その説明は省略する。
又、放電時電圧低下速度Ds1の算出処理においては、前記一定時間の放電が実施された放電対象セルについて夫々、該放電が開始される前にステップS11にて測定された開放電圧と該放電が終了した時点でステップS19にて測定された開放電圧との差を算出した後、それらの差の平均値を算出し、算出した平均値を前記一定時間で除算する。これによって、放電時電圧低下速度Ds1が得られる。
尚、非放電時電圧低下速度の算出処理においては、複数の放電非対象セルについて夫々、一定時間の放電が開始される前の開放電圧と該放電が終了した時点での開放電圧との差を該一定時間で除算し、それらの除算結果の平均値を非放電時電圧低下速度Ds0として算出することも可能である。又、放電時電圧低下速度の算出処理においても、複数の放電対象セルについて夫々、一定時間の放電が開始される前の開放電圧と該放電が終了した時点での開放電圧との差を該一定時間で除算し、それらの除算結果の平均値を放電時電圧低下速度Ds1として算出することも可能である。
又、均等化処理が終了した時点での開放電圧Vendは、上記ステップS20にて特定された最低電圧Vmin及び算出された非放電時電圧低下速度Ds0と、上記ステップS23にて算出した最長の放電時間Tr[i]とから、下記数式6を用いて算出することも可能である。
(数式6)
Vend=Vmin-Ds0・Tr[i]
尚、放電回路による放電が終了した時点での放電対象セルiの開放電圧Vend[i]は夫々、上記ステップS19にて測定された開放電圧V1[i]と、上記ステップS20にて算出された放電時電圧低下速度Ds1と、上記ステップS23にて算出された放電時間Tr[i]とから、下記数式7を用いて算出することも可能である。
(数式7)
Vend[i]=V1[i]-Ds1・Tr[i]
又、均等化処理が終了する度に非放電時電圧低下速度Ds0及び放電時電圧低下速度Ds1が更新され、常に実際の非放電時電圧低下速度及び放電時電圧低下速度に近い値を用いて放電対象セルに対する放電時間が算出されるので、常に高い精度で均等化処理を行なうことが出来る。
例えば、上記実施の形態においては、放電対象セルについてそれぞれ放電時間を算出し、算出された放電時間が経過したときに放電回路による放電を終了しているが、放電対象セルの両端電圧と放電非対象セルの両端電圧が等しくなる放電終了電圧を算出し、放電対象セルの両端電圧が算出された放電終了電圧に達したときに放電回路による放電を終了する構成を採用することも可能である。又、放電時間と放電終了電圧とに基づいて放電回路による放電を制御する構成の採用も可能である。尚、放電終了電圧に基づいて放電の終了を制御する構成によれば、充電状態に応じて変化するセル電圧を監視して放電を終了するので、充電状態の変化に対して両端電圧の変化が大きいセルからなる組電池を均等化したときに、放電時間に基づき放電の終了を制御する構成に比べて高い精度が得られる。一方、放電時間に基づいて放電の終了を制御する構成によれば、充電状態の変化に対して両端電圧の変化が小さいセルからなる組電池に対しても、十分に高い精度で均等化を行なうことが出来る。
又、放電対象セルの開放電圧及び放電非対象セルの開放電圧と放電時間或いは放電終了値との関係を表わすテーブルに従って、放電時間或いは放電終了値を導出する構成を採用することも可能である。
又、上記実施の形態においては、均等化目標電圧を算出する方法として、組電池を構成する複数のセルの開放電圧の内、最低の開放電圧に基づいて均等化目標電圧を算出する方法を採用しているが、これに限らず、それらの開放電圧の平均値に基づいて均等化目標電圧を算出する方法等、種々の公知の方法を採用することが可能である。
又、イグニッションスイッチがオフに設定される度に、組電池を構成する一部のセルに対し一定時間だけ放電を実施して電圧低下速度Ds0、Ds1を算出した後に均等化処理を実行する構成を採用することも可能である。
更に、SOCの範囲毎に放電時電圧低下速度及び非放電時電圧低下速度をメモリに格納し、そのときのSOCに応じた放電時電圧低下速度及び非放電時電圧低下速度を用いて放電時間を算出することも可能である。
更に又、均等化処理後に算出された放電時電圧低下速度及び非放電時電圧低下速度と前回の均等化処理の終了後に算出された放電時電圧低下速度及び非放電時電圧低下速度(メモリに格納されている放電時電圧低下速度及び非放電時電圧低下速度)とにそれぞれ重み付けを行ない、重み付けを行なった後の各電圧低下速度の平均値を算出し、メモリに格納されている放電時電圧低下速度及び非放電時電圧低下速度をそれぞれ算出した平均値に更新することも可能である。
Claims (8)
- 複数のセルを直列に接続してなる組電池を対象として、充電状態或いは充電状態に応じた値を表わす充電状態評価値が均等化目標値と異なるセルを放電させることにより各セルの充電状態を均等化する装置において、
各セルの放電を行なう放電手段と、
均等化目標値を算出する均等化目標値算出手段と、
充電状態評価値が前記均等化目標値算出手段によって算出された均等化目標値と異なる1或いは複数の放電対象セルについて夫々、前記放電手段による放電を実施すべき放電時間或いは前記放電手段による放電を終了すべき放電終了値を導出する放電制御値導出手段と、
前記1或いは複数の放電対象セルに対して前記放電手段による放電を開始し、その後、各放電対象セルに対する前記放電手段による放電を、前記放電制御値導出手段によって導出された各放電時間が経過したときに、或いは充電状態評価値が前記放電制御値導出手段によって導出された各放電終了値に達したときに終了する均等化処理を実行する均等化処理手段
とを具えており、前記放電制御値導出手段は、前記放電手段による放電が開始される前の放電対象セルの充電状態評価値及び放電非対象セルの充電状態評価値と、前記放電手段による放電が実施されているときのセルの充電状態評価値の変化速度を表わす放電時充電状態評価値変化速度と、前記放電手段による放電が実施されていないときのセルの充電状態評価値の変化速度を表わす非放電時充電状態評価値変化速度とに基づいて、前記放電対象セルの充電状態が前記放電非対象セルの充電状態と等しくなる放電時間或いは放電終了値を導出することを特徴とする充電状態均等化装置。 - 前記充電状態評価値はセルの両端電圧であって、更に、組電池を構成する各セルの両端電圧を測定する電圧測定手段を具えており、前記放電制御値導出手段は、前記放電手段による放電が開始される前に前記電圧測定手段によって測定された放電対象セルの両端電圧及び放電非対象セルの両端電圧と、前記放電手段による放電が実施されているときのセルの両端電圧の低下速度を表わす放電時電圧低下速度と、前記放電手段による放電が実施されていないときのセルの両端電圧の低下速度を表わす非放電時電圧低下速度とに基づいて、放電時間或いは放電終了値を導出する請求項1に記載の充電状態均等化装置。
- 前記均等化目標値算出手段は、組電池を構成する前記複数のセルの両端電圧の内、最低の両端電圧に基づいて均等化目標値を算出する請求項2に記載の充電状態均等化装置。
- 前記放電制御値導出手段には、前記放電手段による放電が開始される前の放電対象セルの両端電圧をV1、放電非対象セルの両端電圧をV0、放電時電圧低下速度をDs1、非放電時電圧低下速度をDs0、前記放電対象セルに対する放電時間をTrとして、下記数式8に示す関数式が規定されている請求項2又は請求項3に記載の充電状態均等化装置。
(数式8)
Tr=(V0-V1)/(Ds0-Ds1) - 前記放電時電圧低下速度Ds1及び前記非放電時電圧低下速度Ds0がそれぞれ定数として設定され、或いは、前記非放電時電圧低下速度Ds0から前記放電時電圧低下速度Ds1を減算した結果が定数として設定されている請求項4に記載の充電状態均等化装置。
- 組電池を構成する前記複数のセルの内、一部の1或いは複数のセルに対して、前記放電手段による放電を一定時間だけ実施する放電制御手段と、
前記一定時間の放電が終了した後に、該放電が実施された1或いは複数の放電対象セルの該放電が開始される前の充電状態評価値と該放電が終了した時点での充電状態評価値と前記一定時間とに基づいて、放電時充電状態評価値変化速度を算出すると共に、前記一定時間の放電が実施されなかった1或いは複数の放電非対象セルの該放電が開始される前の充電状態評価値と該放電が終了した時点での充電状態評価値と前記一定時間とに基づいて、非放電時充電状態評価値変化速度を算出する充電状態評価値変化速度算出手段
とを具えており、前記放電制御値導出手段は、前記充電状態評価値変化速度算出手段によって算出された放電時充電状態評価値変化速度及び非放電時充電状態評価値変化速度を用いて、その後の均等化処理における放電時間或いは放電終了値を導出する請求項1乃至請求項4の何れかに記載の充電状態均等化装置。 - 放電時充電状態評価値変化速度及び非放電時充電状態評価値変化速度が格納されている充電状態評価値変化速度格納手段と、
均等化処理が終了した後に、該均等化処理にて前記放電手段による放電が実施された1或いは複数の放電対象セルの該均等化処理が開始される前の充電状態評価値と前記放電手段による放電が終了した時点での充電状態評価値と前記放電制御値導出手段によって導出された放電時間とに基づいて、放電時充電状態評価値変化速度を算出すると共に、前記均等化処理にて前記放電手段による放電が実施されなかった1或いは複数の放電非対象セルの該均等化処理が開始される前の充電状態評価値と該均等化処理が終了した時点での充電状態評価値と該均等化処理が開始されてから終了するまでの時間とに基づいて、非放電時充電状態評価値変化速度を算出する第2充電状態評価値変化速度算出手段と、
前記充電状態評価値変化速度格納手段に格納されている放電時充電状態評価値変化速度及び非放電時充電状態評価値変化速度を夫々、前記第2充電状態評価値変化速度算出手段によって算出された放電時充電状態評価値変化速度及び非放電時充電状態評価値変化速度に更新する更新手段
とを具えており、前記放電制御値導出手段は、更新された放電時充電状態評価値変化速度及び非放電時充電状態評価値変化速度を用いて、その後の均等化処理における放電時間を導出する請求項1乃至請求項4、及び請求項6の何れかに記載の充電状態均等化装置。 - 複数のセルを直列に接続してなる組電池と、請求項1乃至請求項7の何れかに記載の充電状態均等化装置とを具えている組電池システム。
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JP2010124582A (ja) * | 2008-11-19 | 2010-06-03 | Panasonic Corp | 蓄電装置 |
CN102082453A (zh) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-01 | 三洋电机株式会社 | 均衡装置、有它的蓄电池***、电动车辆及均衡处理程序 |
US8497661B2 (en) | 2009-11-30 | 2013-07-30 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Equalization device, equalization processing program, battery system, electric vehicle and equalization processing method |
WO2014061421A1 (ja) * | 2012-10-18 | 2014-04-24 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | 均等化装置 |
JP2017017949A (ja) * | 2015-07-06 | 2017-01-19 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 充電状態均等化装置 |
JPWO2021117560A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-17 |
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DE102008053089A1 (de) | 2008-10-24 | 2010-04-29 | Li-Tec Battery Gmbh | Akkumulator mit mehreren galvanischen Zellen |
JP5143185B2 (ja) * | 2010-02-08 | 2013-02-13 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 電源装置 |
KR101211756B1 (ko) * | 2010-02-11 | 2012-12-12 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 배터리 팩 |
DE102010063971A1 (de) * | 2010-12-22 | 2012-06-28 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines Energiespeichers |
US8897940B2 (en) * | 2011-07-28 | 2014-11-25 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Battery cell voltage balancing system and method |
KR101326813B1 (ko) * | 2011-07-28 | 2013-11-07 | 기아자동차 주식회사 | 하이브리드 자동차의 잔류 고전압 방전 시스템 및 그 방법 |
JP5621818B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-08 | 2014-11-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 蓄電システムおよび均等化方法 |
CN103884992A (zh) * | 2014-02-11 | 2014-06-25 | 南京军理智能科技股份有限公司 | 一种防空警报蓄电池在线检测装置及其检测方法 |
CN105914819B (zh) * | 2016-05-04 | 2019-01-18 | 广东金莱特电器股份有限公司 | 锂电池均衡放电算法 |
KR102123048B1 (ko) * | 2017-01-10 | 2020-06-15 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 에너지 절약 및 빠른 셀 밸런싱이 가능한 충전 제어 장치 및 방법 |
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Cited By (12)
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JP2010124582A (ja) * | 2008-11-19 | 2010-06-03 | Panasonic Corp | 蓄電装置 |
CN102082453A (zh) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-01 | 三洋电机株式会社 | 均衡装置、有它的蓄电池***、电动车辆及均衡处理程序 |
JP2011115015A (ja) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-09 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 均等化装置、それを備えたバッテリシステムおよび電動車両ならびに均等化処理プログラム |
US8493031B2 (en) | 2009-11-30 | 2013-07-23 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Equalization device, battery system and electric vehicle including the same, equalization processing program, and equalization processing method |
US8497661B2 (en) | 2009-11-30 | 2013-07-30 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Equalization device, equalization processing program, battery system, electric vehicle and equalization processing method |
WO2014061421A1 (ja) * | 2012-10-18 | 2014-04-24 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | 均等化装置 |
JP2014082900A (ja) * | 2012-10-18 | 2014-05-08 | Yazaki Corp | 均等化装置 |
CN104769808A (zh) * | 2012-10-18 | 2015-07-08 | 矢崎总业株式会社 | 均等化装置 |
JP2017017949A (ja) * | 2015-07-06 | 2017-01-19 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 充電状態均等化装置 |
JPWO2021117560A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-17 | ||
WO2021117560A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-17 | 京セラ株式会社 | 蓄電装置および蓄電方法 |
JP7350087B2 (ja) | 2019-12-13 | 2023-09-25 | 京セラ株式会社 | 蓄電装置および蓄電方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2254219A1 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
US20110006734A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
CN101971455A (zh) | 2011-02-09 |
EP2254219A4 (en) | 2012-08-22 |
JPWO2009113530A1 (ja) | 2011-07-21 |
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