WO2009098846A1 - 回折光学素子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
回折光学素子およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009098846A1 WO2009098846A1 PCT/JP2009/000319 JP2009000319W WO2009098846A1 WO 2009098846 A1 WO2009098846 A1 WO 2009098846A1 JP 2009000319 W JP2009000319 W JP 2009000319W WO 2009098846 A1 WO2009098846 A1 WO 2009098846A1
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- optical element
- diffraction grating
- diffractive optical
- resin
- distance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0018—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for preventing ghost images
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1847—Manufacturing methods
- G02B5/1852—Manufacturing methods using mechanical means, e.g. ruling with diamond tool, moulding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1876—Diffractive Fresnel lenses; Zone plates; Kinoforms
- G02B5/189—Structurally combined with optical elements not having diffractive power
- G02B5/1895—Structurally combined with optical elements not having diffractive power such optical elements having dioptric power
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a diffractive optical element capable of condensing white light efficiently and having high mass productivity, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- a condensing lens used in an optical system such as a camera or video camera is formed as a diffractive optical element, it is not necessary to use a plurality of complex aspherical lenses. Therefore, by providing the diffraction grating on the surface of the lens base, it is possible to make the condensing lens thinner and the optical system thinner and lighter. Further, a condensing lens for an optical disk used in a wide wavelength region (for example, a visible light region having a wavelength of about 400 nm to 700 nm) can also be constituted by one diffractive optical element. Therefore, according to the diffractive optical element, white light or the like can be collected efficiently, and the optical system can be simplified, reduced in weight, and reduced in cost.
- the surface of the lens substrate on which the diffraction grating is formed is coated with a layer of an optical material having a refractive index and refractive index dispersion different from those of the lens substrate.
- Such a coating layer can be formed by applying the optical material to the surface of the lens substrate or by bonding a film made of the optical material to the surface of the lens substrate.
- n1 ( ⁇ ) is the refractive index of the material constituting the lens base
- n2 ( ⁇ ) is the refractive index of the material constituting the coating layer
- Equation 1 If the right side of the above (Equation 1) becomes a constant value in the wavelength region used, theoretically, the wavelength dependence of the diffraction efficiency in that wavelength region is lost. Accordingly, if the diffractive optical element is formed by combining the lens base and the coating layer with a combination of a high refractive index, low wavelength dispersion material and a low refractive index, high wavelength dispersion material, the wavelength dependence of diffraction efficiency can be reduced.
- a condensing lens that efficiently collects white light or the like can be realized by a diffractive optical element.
- the lens substrate is made of an optical glass made of a material with a high refractive index and low wavelength dispersion
- the coating layer is made of an optical glass made of a material with a low refractive index and high wavelength dispersion or an optical material of a resin.
- the lens substrate is made of an optical glass made of a material having a high refractive index and low wavelength dispersion
- the coating layer is made of a resin optical material made of a material having a low refractive index and high wavelength dispersion.
- a phase structure having a ring-shaped step is formed at the boundary between the lens base and the coating layer.
- a non-reflective lens substrate such as optical glass having a high refractive index and low wavelength dispersion
- a white diffractive optical element is manufactured by forming a diffraction grating in a spherical shape by press molding or the like and then coating a resin film having a low refractive index and high wavelength dispersion.
- the diffraction grating itself has a positive condensing power, and the lens substrate with a high refractive index is covered with a resin layer with a low refractive index. It is formed with a blazed step which becomes a decreasing function as it goes away from the axis.
- the coating layer of the white diffractive optical element is sufficiently smaller than the refractive index of the resin material used for the lens substrate.
- a resin material having a low refractive index that can be used as a substrate is desired.
- the lens substrate and the coating layer are both formed from a resin, manufacturing should be easy.
- the refractive index of the resin material used for the lens substrate is generally smaller than the refractive index of the optical glass, it has been difficult to find a low refractive index resin material that can be used as a coating layer.
- the lens base of the white diffractive optical element is formed from a resin material by changing the conventional idea, an attempt was made to form a coating layer from a resin material having a higher refractive index than the resin material used for the lens base.
- the resin material include a material obtained by mixing a nanocomposite material with a resin base.
- the cross section of the diffraction grating needs to be formed with a blazed step having an increasing function as the distance from the optical axis increases.
- the distance between the optical axis of the white diffractive optical element and the step closest to the optical axis is large, and the optical axis of the diffraction grating In a region close to, there is a wide concave portion in the portion covered with the coating layer.
- the volume of the portion of the coating layer made of resin that fills the concave portion is increased. If an attempt is made to manufacture a white diffractive optical element having such a structure, the portion of the coating layer located in the recess may be deformed during the manufacturing process.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and in a diffractive optical element capable of efficiently collecting white light, a diffraction grating can be molded on a lens base made of a resin material by a method with excellent mass productivity, and MTF
- An object of the present invention is to provide a diffractive optical element having stable optical characteristics such as characteristics.
- the diffractive optical element of the present invention is a diffractive optical element having a lens base provided with a blazed diffraction grating on an aspheric surface, and an optical adjustment layer covering the diffraction grating.
- the optical adjustment layer is formed of a second material having a refractive index higher than that of the first material, and the diffraction grating includes a plurality of concentric circles arranged around the optical axis.
- the first material is composed of a first resin material
- the second material is composed of a second resin material
- the second material includes fine particles dispersed in the second resin material.
- the fine particles are inorganic particles
- the second resin is a photocurable resin
- the inorganic particles are made of at least one material selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, and yttrium oxide.
- the first material is at least one material selected from the group consisting of a polycarbonate resin, a polystyrene resin, and a fluorene polyester resin.
- the surface of the aspheric surface is convex toward the tip of the direction in which the light beam travels along the optical axis.
- the surface of the lens base body on which the diffraction grating is not provided has a concave aspherical shape toward the tip of the direction in which the light beam travels along the optical axis.
- a method of manufacturing a diffractive optical element according to the present invention includes a step of preparing a lens substrate having a blazed diffraction grating provided on an aspheric surface, the lens substrate being formed of a first resin material,
- a method of manufacturing a diffractive optical element comprising: forming an optical adjustment layer formed from a second resin material having a refractive index higher than that of one resin material on the diffraction grating by a pad printing method.
- the grating has a plurality of annular zones arranged concentrically around the optical axis, and the height of each annular zone with respect to the surface of the aspheric surface of the lens base is a distance from the optical axis, respectively.
- the optical adjustment layer made of resin can be formed in an appropriate shape by, for example, the pad printing method on the diffraction grating formed on the curved surface of the lens substrate. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a diffractive optical element that can be reduced in thickness and weight, can be reduced in cost, and can have high reliability, and is rich in mass productivity.
- the diffractive optical element of the present invention it is possible to further reduce the thickness, size, and weight of electronic devices such as portable information devices and information home appliances, as well as ensuring low cost and high reliability. There is an effect that can be achieved.
- (A) is a plan view schematically showing a configuration of an embodiment of a diffractive optical element according to the present invention, and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1A-1A in (a).
- (A) is the schematic diagram which expanded and showed the vicinity of the 1st surface of a diffractive optical element
- (b) is a figure which shows the basic composition of a white diffraction grating.
- (A) is a figure which shows the conventional design of a blazed shape
- (b) is a figure which shows the design concerning this embodiment.
- (A) is the schematic diagram which expanded and showed the vicinity of the 1st surface of the diffractive optical element in embodiment of this invention
- (b) is a figure which shows the diffractive optical element formed by the conventional design. .
- 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a white diffractive optical element according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the white diffractive optical element which has a mortar-shaped dent in the film
- (A) to (c) are schematic cross-sectional views showing the process flow of the first half of the diffractive optical element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- (A) to (c) are schematic cross-sectional views showing a process flow in the latter half of the diffractive optical element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1A is a plan view of the diffractive optical element 10 in the present embodiment
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1A-1A in FIG.
- the diffractive optical element 10 of the present embodiment includes a lens base 11 provided with a blazed diffraction grating 13 on an aspheric surface (first surface 11a), and The optical adjustment layer 15 covering the diffraction grating 13 is provided.
- the lens base 11 is formed from the first material 14a
- the optical adjustment layer 15 is formed from the second material 14b having a higher refractive index than the first material 14a.
- the first material 14a and the second material 14b may be referred to as a resin material 14 as a whole.
- the diffraction grating 13 has a plurality of annular zones arranged concentrically around the optical axis 12.
- the diffraction grating 13 of this embodiment is integrated with the lens base 11, and it can be considered that the actual surface of the lens base 11 constitutes the surface of the diffraction grating 13.
- the first surface 11a of the lens base 11 is an aspherical curved surface that gently curves as shown by a broken line in FIG. Therefore, the “diffraction grating” in this specification is composed of a portion between the first surface 11 a of the lens base 11 and the surface of the diffraction grating 13, and the portion is made of the same material as the lens base 11. .
- the distance from the first surface 11 a of the lens base 11 to the surface of the diffraction grating 13 is referred to as the “height” of the diffraction grating 13.
- the height of the diffraction grating 13 increases and decreases depending on the distance r from the optical axis 12, and each annular zone area is divided at a position where the height is minimized.
- the part where the height of a certain annular zone is minimum is in contact with the part where the height of the annular zone adjacent to the annular zone is maximized, and a “step” is generated at the boundary. .
- a plurality of steps 13 a are formed concentrically around the optical axis 12.
- each annular zone is expressed by an increasing function of the distance r from the optical axis 12 with respect to the aspherical first surface 11a of the lens base 11.
- the lower surface of the optical adjustment layer 15 is in contact with the surface of the diffraction grating 13, and the upper surface (surface) 15a of the optical adjustment layer 15 is in contact with the aspherical surface 11a of the lens base 11. And have a substantially parallel shape.
- the second surface 11b opposite to the first surface 11a of the lens base 11 also has an aspherical shape, but no diffraction grating is formed on the second surface 11b of the lens base 11 and a low wavelength dispersion material.
- a coating film 16 formed from is provided.
- 2A is a schematic diagram in which the vicinity of the first surface 11a in the diffractive optical element 10 shown in FIG. 1B is enlarged
- FIG. 2B is a diagram showing a basic configuration of the diffractive optical element 10. FIG. It is.
- the white diffraction grating 17 as shown in FIG. 2B is realized by the portion 17a made of the first material 14a in which the blazed irregularities are formed and the portion 17b made of the second material 14b in close contact therewith.
- the refractive index of the first material 14a is n1 ( ⁇ )
- the refractive index of the second material 14b is n2 ( ⁇ )
- the height of the step is d
- the wavelength is ⁇
- the lens base 11 is made of a resin material, it is easier to form the diffraction grating 13 on the lens base 11 than a lens base made of a glass material. Further, by performing a step of transferring the shape of the diffraction grating 13 onto the surface of the lens base 11 using a mold that defines the shape of the diffraction grating 13, the diffraction grating 13 with high dimensional accuracy can be formed with good reproducibility. It becomes possible. Even if the transfer process is repeated using such a mold, since the molding object is a resin, there is an advantage that the mold is less deteriorated and the number of times of use is increased. Therefore, even in mass production, since the diffraction grating 13 is formed as designed, it can be coated with the optical adjustment layer 15 with good adhesion even by pad printing.
- the diffractive optical element 10 of the present embodiment has a configuration suitable for reduction in thickness and weight, contributes to reduction in manufacturing cost and improvement in reliability, and is rich in mass productivity.
- the refractive index of the second material 14b forming the optical adjustment layer 15 is set to be the first material forming the lens base 11.
- the diffraction grating 13 is formed by a blazed shape that is higher than the refractive index of 14 a and increases as the height of each annular zone increases from the optical axis 12.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating a conventional blazed shape design method
- FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating a blazed shape design method according to the present embodiment.
- the vertical axis represents the phase ⁇
- the horizontal axis represents the distance r from the optical axis 12 (FIG. 2A).
- the curves shown in these figures indicate the amount of phase shift due to the diffraction grating, and are expressed by a phase polynomial f (r) with the distance r as a variable. Since the phase ⁇ that differs by 2 ⁇ is optically equivalent, the actual cross section of the diffraction grating can be obtained by converting the curve so that the shift amount of the phase ⁇ falls within the range of 0 to 2 ⁇ .
- the blaze shape obtained by “shape conversion” is described at the tip of the arrow.
- the blaze shape is composed of a plurality of portions (annular zones) in which the phase ⁇ monotonously increases from 0 to 2 ⁇ as the distance r increases. In a region where the distance r is greater than zero, the phase ⁇ is zero at a plurality of positions. The part where the phase ⁇ is zero is the boundary of the annular zone, and there is a step in that part. As can be seen from FIG. 3A, the width of the annular zone (the interval between adjacent steps) becomes narrower as the distance r increases.
- phase polynomial f (r) indicating the curve in FIG. 3A is obtained by multiplying the polynomial indicating the optical path difference by 2 ⁇ / ⁇ .
- This optical path difference is given by the following polynomial F (r).
- a 1 , a 2 , a 3 ... Are first , second , third ,.
- phase polynomial f (r) can be expressed by Equation 2 below using the above F (r).
- ⁇ is a design wavelength (typically the center wavelength in the visible light region).
- the distance r 1 at which the step closest to the optical axis 12 is located is larger than the width of the other annular zone, and the concave portion with the radius r 1 is the optical axis 12. It is formed around.
- an optical adjustment layer formed of a resin on the diffraction grating having such a shape is formed by, for example, a pad printing method, a recess is easily formed on the surface of the optical adjustment layer in the vicinity of the optical axis 12.
- the optical path difference is defined by the following F ′ (r).
- ⁇ is a constant term that does not depend on the distance r.
- the phase polynomial f ′ (r) is expressed by Equation 3 below.
- the phase is adjusted within the range of 0 to 2 ⁇ at all distances r.
- the blaze waveform obtained by this shape conversion has a small radius of the recess in the vicinity of the optical axis 12 as shown in FIG. In other words, the distance r 1 at which the step closest to the optical axis 12 is located is smaller in this embodiment than in the conventional example shown in FIG.
- phase polynomial f ′ (r) includes the constant term 2 ⁇ / ⁇ that does not depend on the distance r as described above, the distance r1 from the optical axis 12 to the nearest step is shortened as shown in FIG. be able to.
- the surface shape of the optical adjustment layer is appropriately maintained.
- a diffractive optical element having a uniform shape in which the surface shape of the optical adjustment layer is uniform can be produced.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram showing a diffractive optical element formed by the design according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 4B is a diagram showing a diffractive optical element formed by a conventional design.
- the distance rb from the optical axis 12 to the nearest step 18b becomes longer, so that a dip 15b is generated in the optical adjustment layer 15 near the optical axis 12.
- the optical characteristics of the diffractive optical element will be impaired.
- the distance ra from the optical axis 12 to the nearest step 18a is shortened as shown in FIG. 4A, so that the surface 15a of the optical adjustment layer 15 is located near the optical axis 12 on the lens base.
- 11 has a shape parallel to the first surface 11a, and can collect white light with high efficiency. Furthermore, since the variation in the thickness of the optical adjustment layer in the vicinity of the optical axis can be reduced, a white diffractive optical element with little variation in optical characteristics can be manufactured with high productivity.
- FIG. 5 is a view showing an example of a resin material 19 that is preferably used as the optical adjustment layer 15.
- the resin material 19 has a structure in which inorganic particles 19b are dispersed in a resin base material 19a.
- the resin base material 19a is made of, for example, a photocurable resin, and the inorganic particles 19b are made of, for example, inorganic nanoparticles.
- the inorganic particles 19b may be formed of at least one material selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, and yttrium oxide.
- an optical adjustment layer having a high refractive index and low wavelength dispersion can be formed on a diffraction grating with high productivity, and a highly reliable diffractive optical element can be realized.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross section of a white diffractive optical element 30 which is an embodiment of the present invention.
- the white diffractive optical element 30 includes a lens base 31 and an optical adjustment layer 35 that covers the diffraction grating 33 formed on the lens base 31.
- the first surface 31 a of the lens base 31 has an aspherical shape that is convex in the direction in which light rays (not shown) travel along the optical axis 32.
- the second surface 31 b facing the first surface 31 a of the lens base 31 has a concave aspherical shape toward the direction along the optical axis 32.
- the white diffractive optical element 30 is made of a resin material 34
- the lens base 31 is made of a first material 34a.
- the optical adjustment layer 35 is made of the second material 34b.
- the first material 34a is made of at least one material selected from a polycarbonate resin, a polystyrene resin, and a fluorene polyester resin.
- the first material 34a of the lens base 31 is polycarbonate having a d-line refractive index of 1.585 and an Abbe number of 28.
- the second material 34b of the optical adjustment layer 35 is obtained by dispersing nanoparticles of zirconium oxide having a diameter of 3 nm to 10 nm in a resin mainly composed of an acrylic ultraviolet curable resin having a d-line refractive index of 1.623 and an Abbe number of 42. It has been made.
- the optical adjustment layer 35 also contains a resin-based dispersant, an ultraviolet curing initiator, and the like in order to improve the dispersibility of the nanoparticles.
- the height of the step 36 of the diffraction grating 33 is 15 ⁇ m. In the visible wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm, the first-order diffraction efficiency of the present embodiment is 95% or more.
- the optical adjustment layer 35 is formed to have a film thickness of 30 ⁇ m and a substantially constant film thickness along the aspherical shape.
- Equation 2 The shape of the diffraction grating 33 of the white diffractive optical element 30 shown in FIG. 6 is represented by the phase polynomial f (r) of the above (Equation 2).
- F is an optical path difference polynomial
- f is a phase polynomial
- r is a radial distance from the optical axis
- ⁇ is a design wavelength
- Table 1 shows lens numerical data of the white diffractive optical element 30
- Table 2 shows an aspheric coefficient
- Table 3 shows a diffraction coefficient of the second surface of the lens base.
- the MTF which is the imaging performance index of the lens of the white diffractive optical element 30 designed based on these data, is 61.4% by design at a spatial frequency of 80 lp / mm and an angle of view of 0 °.
- the value of ⁇ in the phase polynomial that defines the shape of the diffraction grating 33 of the white diffractive optical element 30 was changed within a predetermined range.
- a mortar-shaped dent was formed in the optical adjustment layer 35 at the center of the lens as shown in FIG. .
- ⁇ be the thickness, ideal thickness (design thickness), and deviation of the optical adjustment layer at the deepest position of the recess, and let W be the diameter of the recess.
- Table 5 shows the relationship between the value of ⁇ , the radial distance from the optical axis, and the evaluation result of the MTF of the lens.
- the distance r1 between the diffraction grating step closest to the optical axis and the optical axis is 108.3 ⁇ m
- ⁇ is 3 ⁇ m
- the width W is 140 ⁇ m.
- the film thickness T was 30 ⁇ m
- the step d of the diffraction grating was 15 ⁇ m.
- ⁇ is 3 ⁇ / 8 or more, the concave portion formed in the optical adjustment layer is small, and there is no problem.
- FIGS. 8A to 8C and FIGS. 9A to 9C are process cross-sectional views schematically showing a method for manufacturing the diffractive optical element 10 according to the present embodiment.
- a plate 20 having a recess 20a on the upper surface is prepared, and a liquid resin material 19 is poured into the recess 20a of the plate 20 from a dispenser 21, for example.
- the resin material 19 is stretched in a planar shape and adjusted to a substantially uniform thickness.
- a light curable resin such as a UV curable resin is used for the resin base material 19a of the resin material 19 shown in FIG. 5, and inorganic nanoparticles made of, for example, a zirconium oxide material are used for the inorganic particles 19b.
- the pad 22 shown in FIG. 8B is brought close to the resin material 19 on the plate 20, and the resin material 19 is attached to the main surface of the pad 22.
- the lens base 11 on which the diffraction grating 13 is formed is prepared, and the lens base 11 is fixed to a fixing jig 23 shown in FIG. At this time, the surface of the lens base 11 on which the diffraction grating 13 is formed is exposed upward from the fixing jig 23.
- the lens base 11 is made of, for example, a polyolefin-based resin material, and the diffraction grating 13 of the lens base 11 has a cross-sectional configuration shown in FIG.
- the pad 22 with the resin material 19 attached to the main surface is disposed above the fixing jig 23, and the resin material 19 is pressed against the surface of the lens base 11 on which the diffraction grating 13 is formed. At this time, the position where the resin material 19 is pressed against the lens base 11 is adjusted so that the optical characteristics are good.
- the elastic force of the pad 22 is used to cover the diffraction grating 13 of the lens base 11 without a gap and press the resin material 19 so as to be in close contact, thereby the optical adjustment layer 15. Form.
- the diffractive optical element 10 After separating the pad 22 from the fixing jig 23, the diffractive optical element 10 is placed in a constant drying furnace while being fixed to the fixing jig 23. In the constant drying furnace, the diffractive optical element 10 is placed in a dry atmosphere 24 at about 100 to 150 ° C. and dried for about 12 hours.
- the adhesion at the interface between the optical adjustment layer 15 and the diffraction grating 13 is improved, and the resin material constituting the lens base 11 and the optical adjustment layer 15 is stabilized.
- the refractive index of the optical adjustment layer 15 is larger than the refractive index of the lens base 11.
- the diffractive optical element 10 is irradiated with UV light 25a as shown in FIG. 9C.
- the entire optical adjustment layer 15 including the resin base material 19a is cured.
- the cross section of the diffraction grating 13 formed on the lens base 11 has the structure shown in FIG.
- the optical adjustment layer 15 having a shape can be obtained.
- the present invention can realize a white diffractive optical element with high condensing efficiency, it is possible to reduce the thickness and weight of the diffractive optical element so that it can achieve low cost and high reliability, and has high productivity. Can do. Therefore, by using the diffractive optical element of the present invention, it is possible to further reduce the thickness, size, and weight of electronic devices such as portable information devices and information home appliances, thereby reducing manufacturing costs and improving reliability.
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Abstract
Description
11,17a,31 レンズ基体
11a,31a レンズ基体の第1表面
11b,31b レンズ基体の第2表面
12,32 光軸
13,33 回折格子
13a ブレーズ形状の段差
14,19,34 樹脂材料
14a,34a 第1材料
14b,34b 第2材料
15,35 光学調整層
15a 光学調整層の表面
16 コーティング膜
17 白色回折格子
18a,18b,36 段差
19a 樹脂母材
19b 無機粒子
20 版
20a 凹部
21 ディスペンサ
22 パッド
23 固定治具
24 雰囲気
25 UV光源
25a UV光
まず、本発明による回折光学素子の実施形態を説明する。
次に、図8(a)から(c)、および図9(a)から(c)を参照しながら、図1の回折光学素子10における光学調整層15を形成する方法の一例を説明する。図8(a)から(c)、および図9(a)から(c)は、本実施形態にかかる回折光学素子10の製造方法を模式的に示す工程断面図である。
Claims (10)
- 非球面の表面上にブレーズ型の回折格子が設けられたレンズ基体と、
前記回折格子を覆う光学調整層と、
を有する回折光学素子であって、
前記レンズ基体は第1材料から形成され、かつ、前記光学調整層は前記第1材料よりも屈折率が高い第2材料から形成されており、
前記回折格子は、光軸を中心として同心円状に配列された複数の輪帯領域を有し、前記レンズ基体における前記非球面の表面に対する各輪帯領域の高さは、それぞれ、前記光軸からの距離rの増加関数によって表現されており、
前記増加関数は、距離rを変数とする位相多項式で表現され、前記位相多項式は、距離r=0のときに3/4π以上7/4πの大きさを有する、回折光学素子。 - 前記回折格子の段差の高さをdとするとき、距離r=0の位置における前記輪帯領域の高さd0は、3d/8≦d0≦7d/8の範囲内にある請求項1に記載の回折光学素子。
- 前記第1材料は第1樹脂材料から構成され、前記第2材料は第2の樹脂材料から構成されている請求項1に記載の回折光学素子。
- 前記第2材料は、前記第2樹脂材料中に分散された微粒子を含んでいる請求項3に記載の回折光学素子。
- 前記微粒子は無機粒子であり、前記第2の樹脂は光硬化樹脂である請求項4に記載の回折光学素子。
- 前記無機粒子は、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化アルミニウム、および酸化イットリウムからなる群から選択された少なくとも1つの材料から形成されている請求項5に記載の回折光学素子。
- 前記第1材料は、ポリカーボネート系樹脂、ポリスチレン系樹脂、およびフルオレン系ポリエステル樹脂からなる群から選択された少なくとも1つの材料である請求項3に記載の回折光学素子。
- 前記非球面の表面は、光線が前記光軸に沿って進む方向の先に向かって凸状である請求項1に記載の回折光学素子。
- 前記レンズ基体のうち、前記回折格子が設けられていない面は、光線が前記光軸に沿って進む方向の先に向かって凹状の非球面形状である請求項8に記載の回折光学素子。
- 非球面の表面上にブレーズ型の回折格子が設けられたレンズ基体であって、第1樹脂材料から形成されたレンズ基体を用意する工程と、
前記第1樹脂材料よりも屈折率の高い第2樹脂材料から形成された光学調整層を、パッド印刷法により、前記回折格子上に形成する工程と、
を含む回折光学素子の製造方法であって、
前記回折格子は、光軸を中心として同心円状に配列された複数の輪帯領域を有し、前記レンズ基体における前記非球面の表面に対する各輪帯領域の高さは、それぞれ、前記光軸からの距離rの増加関数によって表現されており、
前記増加関数は、距離rを変数とする位相多項式で表現され、前記位相多項式は、距離r=0のときに3/4π以上7/4πの大きさを有する、回折光学素子の製造方法。
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