WO2009073211A1 - Procédé entraînant une densité de semis élevée - Google Patents

Procédé entraînant une densité de semis élevée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009073211A1
WO2009073211A1 PCT/US2008/013418 US2008013418W WO2009073211A1 WO 2009073211 A1 WO2009073211 A1 WO 2009073211A1 US 2008013418 W US2008013418 W US 2008013418W WO 2009073211 A1 WO2009073211 A1 WO 2009073211A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
cyclopropene
present
plants
plant density
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PCT/US2008/013418
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English (en)
Inventor
Frederick E. Below
Scott Finlayson
Robert Lynn Oakes
Maria Elena Otegui
Martin Uribelarrea
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Rohm And Haas Company
The Texas A & M University System
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Application filed by Rohm And Haas Company, The Texas A & M University System filed Critical Rohm And Haas Company
Publication of WO2009073211A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009073211A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons

Definitions

  • European Patent Application 1 856 976 describes contacting crop plants with one or more cyclopropene.
  • the present invention addresses the problem of finding a method involving growing crop plants such as, for example, corn at relatively high plant density and involving contacting those crop plants with a useful composition, where the method will enable the grower to obtain yield that is high enough to fully or partially overcome the diminished return that is due to the relatively high plant density.
  • a method of growing crop plants comprising the steps of (a) providing said crop plants at high plant density, and (b) contacting said crop plants one or more times with a composition comprising one or more cyclopropene.
  • a method of growing corn plants comprising the steps of (a) providing said corn plants at high plant density, and (b) contacting said corn plants one or more times with a composition comprising one or more cyclopropene.
  • cyclopropene is any compound with the formula
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R is independently selected from the group consisting of H and a chemical group of the formula:
  • Each L is a bivalent radical. Suitable L groups include, for example, radicals containing one or more atoms selected from H, B, C, N, O, P, S, Si, or mixtures thereof. The atoms within an L group may be connected to each other by single bonds, double bonds, triple bonds, or mixtures thereof. Each L group may be linear, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof. In any one R group (i.e., any one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 ) the total number of heteroatoms (i.e., atoms that are neither H nor C) is from 0 to 6.
  • each Z is a monovalent radical.
  • Each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, cyano, nitro, nitroso, azido, chlorate, bromate, iodate, isocyanato, isocyanido, isothiocyanato, pentafluorothio, and a chemical group G, wherein G is a 3 to 14 membered ring system.
  • the R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are independently selected from the suitable groups.
  • the R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups may be the same as each other, or any number of them may be different from the others.
  • the groups that are suitable for use as one or more of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are, for example, aliphatic groups, aliphatic-oxy groups, alkylphosphonato groups, cycloaliphatic groups, cycloalkylsulfonyl groups, cycloalkylamino groups, heterocyclic groups, aryl groups, heteroaryl groups, halogens, silyl groups, other groups, and mixtures and combinations thereof.
  • Groups that are suitable for use as one or more of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 may be substituted or unsubstituted. Independently, groups that are suitable for use as one or more of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 may be connected directly to the cyclopropene ring or may be connected to the cyclopropene ring through an intervening group such as, for example, a heteroatom-containing group.
  • suitable R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are, for example, aliphatic groups.
  • suitable aliphatic groups include, for example, alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups.
  • Suitable aliphatic groups may be linear, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof. Independently, suitable aliphatic groups may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • a chemical group of interest is said to be "substituted” if one or more hydrogen atoms of the chemical group of interest is replaced by a substituent. It is contemplated that such substituted groups may be made by any method, including but not limited to making the unsubstituted form of the chemical group of interest and then performing a substitution.
  • Suitable substituents include, for example, alkyl, alkenyl, acetylamino, alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxyimio, carboxy, halo, haloalkoxy, hydroxy, alkylsulfonyl, alkylthio, trialkylsilyl, dialkylamino, and combinations thereof.
  • An additional suitable substituent which, if present, may be present alone or in combination with another suitable substituent, is
  • each substituent may replace a different hydrogen atom, or one substituent may be attached to another substituent, which in turn is attached to the chemical group of interest, or a combination thereof.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are, for example, substituted and unsubstituted aliphatic-oxy groups, such as, for example, alkenoxy, alkoxy, alkynoxy, and alkoxycarbonyloxy.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are, for example, substituted and unsubstituted alkylphosphonato, substituted and unsubstituted alkylphosphato, substituted and unsubstituted alkylamino, substituted and unsubstituted alkylsulfonyl, substituted and unsubstituted alkylcarbonyl, and substituted and unsubstituted alkylaminosulfonyl.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are, for example, substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkylsulfonyl groups and cycloalkylamino groups.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are, for example, substituted and unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups (i.e., aromatic or non-aromatic cyclic groups with at least one heteroatom in the ring).
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are, for example, substituted and unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups that are connected to the cyclopropene compound through an intervening oxy group, amino group, carbonyl group, or sulfonyl group; examples of such R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are heterocyclyloxy, heterocyclylcarbonyl, diheterocyclylamino, and diheterocyclylaminosulf onyl .
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are, for example, substituted and unsubstituted aryl groups. Suitable substituents are those described herein above.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are, for example, substituted and unsubstituted heterocyclic groups that are connected to the cyclopropene compound through an intervening oxy group, amino group, carbonyl group, sulfonyl group, thioalkyl group, or aminosulfonyl group; examples of such R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are diheteroarylamino, heteroarylthioalkyl, and diheteroarylaminosulfonyl .
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups are, for example, hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, cyano, nitro, nitroso, azido, chlorato, bromato, iodato, isocyanato, isocyanido, isothiocyanato, pentafluorothio; acetoxy, carboethoxy, cyanato, nitrato, nitrito, perchlorato, allenyl; butylmercapto, diethylphosphonato, dimethylphenylsilyl, isoquinolyl, mercapto, naphthyl, phenoxy, phenyl, piperidino, pyr ⁇ dyl, quinolyl, triethylsilyl, trimethylsilyl; and substituted analogs thereof.
  • the chemical group G is a 3 to 14 membered ring system.
  • Ring systems suitable as chemical group G may be substituted or unsubstituted; they may be aromatic (including, for example, phenyl and napthyl) or aliphatic (including unsaturated aliphatic, partially saturated aliphatic, or saturated aliphatic); and they may be carbocyclic or heterocyclic.
  • heterocyclic G groups some suitable heteroatoms are, for example, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and combinations thereof.
  • Ring sysytems suitable as chemical group G may be monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, polycyclic, spiro, or fused; among suitable chemical group G ring systems that are bicyclic, tricyclic, or fused, the various rings in a single chemical group G may be all the same type or may be of two or more types (for example, an aromatic ring may be fused with an aliphatic ring).
  • R 3 and R 4 are combined into a single group, which is attached to the number 3 carbon atom of the cyclopropene ring by a double bond.
  • one or more cyclopropenes are used in which one or more of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R 1 or R 2 or both R 1 and R 2 is hydrogen. Independently, in some embodiments, R 3 or R 4 or both R 3 and R 4 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are hydrogen.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is hydrogen or (Cj- C 10 ) alkyl. In some embodiments, each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is hydrogen or (C 1 -C 8 ) alkyl. In some embodiments, each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is hydrogen or (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl. In some embodiments, each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is hydrogen or methyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is (Ci-C 4 ) alkyl and each of R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is hydrogen. In some t> embodiments, R 1 is methyl and each of R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is hydrogen, and the cyclopropene is known herein as 1-methylcyclopropene ("1-MCP").
  • 1-methylcyclopropene 1-methylcyclopropene
  • a cyclopropene is used that has boiling point at one atmosphere pressure of 50°C or lower; or 25°C or lower; or 15 °C or lower.
  • a cyclopropene is used that has boiling point at one atmosphere pressure of -100°C or higher; -50°C or higher; or -25°C or higher; or 0°C or higher.
  • the practice of the present invention involves contacting plants with a composition that contains one or more cyclopropene.
  • the practice of the present invention also involves contacting the plants with non- cyclopropene compounds (i.e., compounds that are not cyclopropenes).
  • Any non- cyclopropene compounds that are used, if any, may be part of a composition that contains one or more cyclopropene or may be in a separate composition. If a separate composition is used, each non-cyclopropene compound therein may independently be the same as, or different from, non-cyclopropene compound (if any is present) in a composition that contains cyclopropene.
  • the practice of the present invention involves the use of at least one plant growth regulator that is not a cyclopropene. In other embodiments, the practice of the present invention is performed without the use of any compound that is a plant growth regulator that is not a cyclopropene.
  • one or more composition of the present invention includes at least one fungicidally active compound. Independently, in some embodiments, the composition of the present invention does not include any derivatives of vinylglycine.
  • the composition of the present invention has no abscission agent.
  • no composition of the present invention includes any molecular encapsulating agent. In other embodiments, one or more composition of the present invention includes at least one molecular encapsulating agent.
  • suitable molecular encapsulating agents include, for example, organic and inorganic molecular encapsulating agents.
  • Suitable organic molecular encapsulating agents include, for ' example, substituted cyclodextrins, uns ⁇ bstituted cyclodextrins, and.crown ethers.
  • Suitable inorganic molecular encapsulating agents include, for example, zeolites. Mixtures of suitable molecular encapsulating agents are also suitable.
  • the encapsulating agent is alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin, gamma-cyclodextrin, or a mixture thereof.
  • the encapsulating agent is alpha-cyclodextrin.
  • the preferred encapsulating agent will vary depending upon the structure of the cyclopropene or cyclopropenes being used. Any cyclodextrin or mixture of cyclodextrins, cyclodextrin polymers, modified cyclodextrins, or mixtures thereof can also be utilized pursuant to the present invention. Some cyclodextrins are available, for example, from Wacker Biochem Inc., as well as other vendors.
  • one or more molecular encapsulating agent forms a complex with one or more cyclopropene.
  • a complex is known herein as a "cyclopropene molecular encapsulating agent complex.”
  • the cyclopropene molecular encapsulation agent complexes can be prepared by any means. In one method of preparation, for example, such complexes are prepared by contacting the cyclopropene with a solution or slurry of the molecular encapsulation agent and then isolating the complex.
  • one or more molecular encapsulating agent and one or more cyclopropenes are both present in a composition; in some of such embodiments, the amount of molecular encapsulating agent can usefully be characterized by the ratio of moles of molecular encapsulating agent to moles of cyclopropene. In some embodiments, the ratio of moles of molecular encapsulating agent to moles of cyclopropene is 0.1 or larger; or 0.2 or larger; or 0.5 or larger; or 0.9 or larger. Independently, in some of such embodiments, the ratio of moles of molecular encapsulating agent to moles of cyclopropene is 2 or lower; or 1.5 or lower.
  • one or more cyclopropene molecular encapsulating agent complex is an inclusion complex.
  • the molecular encapsulating agent forms a cavity, and the cyclopropene or a portion of the cyclopropene is located within that cavity.
  • there is no ionic bonding between the cyclopropene and the molecular encapsulating agent whether or not there is any electrostatic attraction between one or more polar moiety in the cyclopropene and one or more polar moiety in the molecular encapsulating agent.
  • the interior of the cavity of the molecular encapsulating agent is substantially apolar or hydrophobic or both, and the cyclopropene (or the portion of the cyclopropene located within that cavity) is also substantially apolar or hydrophobic or both.
  • the present invention is not limited to any particular theory or mechanism, it is contemplated that, in such apolar cyclopropene complexes, van der Waals forces, or hydrophobic interactions, or both, cause the cyclopropene molecule or portion thereof to remain at least temporarily within the cavity of the molecular encapsulating agent.
  • the composition may be contacted with a plant in a variety of ways.
  • the composition of the present invention may be a solid, a liquid, a gas, or a mixture thereof.
  • liquid compositions are liquid at 25°C. In some embodiments, liquid compositions are liquid at the temperature at which the composition is used to treat plants. Because plants are often treated outside of any buildings, plants may be treated at temperatures ranging from 1°C to 45°C; suitable liquid compositions need not be liquid over that entire range, but suitable liquid compositions are liquid at some temperature from 1°C to 45°C.
  • a liquid composition of the present invention may be a single pure substance, or it may contain more than one substance. If a liquid composition contains more than one substance, that liquid composition may be a solution or a dispersion or a combination thereof. If, in the liquid composition, one substance is dispersed in another substance in the form of a dispersion, the dispersion may be of any type, including, for example, a suspension, " a latex, an emulsion, a miniemulsion, a microemulsion, or any combination thereof.
  • the amount of cyclopropene in the composition may vary widely, depending on the type of composition and the intended method of use.
  • the amount of cyclopropene, based on the total weight of the composition is 4% by weight or less; or 1% by weight or less; or 0.5% by weight or less; or 0.05% by weight or less.
  • the amount of cyclopropene, based on the total weight of the composition is 0.000001% by weight or more; or 0.00001% by weight or more; or 0.0001% by weight or more; or 0.001% by weight or more.
  • a composition is said herein to be “aqueous” if the composition is liquid at 20°C and if the composition contains 50% or more water by weight based on the total weight of that composition.
  • a composition of the present invention is aqueous.
  • Some suitable aqueous compositions contain 50% or more water, or 60% or more water, or 70% or more water, or 80% or more water, by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
  • liquid compositions of the present invention that are not aqueous.
  • Some suitable non-aqueous liquid compositions of the present invention have amount of water by weight based on the total weight of the composition of 40% or less; or 20% or less; or 10% or less; or 5% or less; or 2% or less.
  • the amount of cyclopropene may be characterized as parts per million (i.e., parts by weight of cyclopropene per 1,000,000 parts by weight of water in the composition, "ppm") or as parts per billion (i.e., parts by weight of cyclopropene per 1,000,000,000 parts by weight of water in the composition, "ppb").
  • the amount of cyclopropene is 1 ppb or more; or 10 ppb or more; or 100 ppb or more.
  • the amount of cyclopropene is 10,000 ppm or less; or 1,000 ppm or less.
  • composition of the present invention that is a liquid is used in which some or all of the cyclopropene is encapsulated in one or more encapsulating agent
  • no composition of the present invention includes one or more metal-complexing agents.
  • one or more compositions of the present invention includes one or more metal-complexing agents.
  • a metal- complexing agent is a compound that is capable of forming coordinate bonds with . metal atoms.
  • Some metal-complexing agents are chelating agents.
  • a "chelating agent" is a compound, each molecule of which is capable of forming two or more coordinate bonds with a single metal atom. Suitable chelating agents include, for example, organic and inorganic chelating agents.
  • organic chelating agents are, for example, aminocarboxylic acids, 1,3-diketones, hydroxycarboxylic acids, polyamines, aminoalcohols, aromatic heterocyclic bases, phenol, aminophenols, oximes, Shiff bases, sulfur compounds, and mixtures thereof.
  • the chelating agent includes one or more aminocarboxylic acids, one or more hydroxycarboxylic acids, one or more oximes, or a mixture thereof.
  • Suitable aminocarboxylic acids include, for example, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), N-dihydroxyethylglycine (2-HxG), ethylenebis(hydroxyphenylglycine) (EHPG), and mixtures thereof.
  • EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
  • HEDTA hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid
  • NTA nitrilotriacetic acid
  • N-HxG N-dihydroxyethylglycine (2-HxG)
  • EHPG ethylenebis(hydroxyphenylglycine)
  • oximes include, for example, dimethylglyoxime, salicylaldoxime, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, EDTA is used.
  • Metal-complexing agents may be present in neutral form or in the form of one or more salts. Mixtures of suitable metal-complexing agents are also suitable.
  • the amount of metal-complexing agent can usefully be characterized by the molar concentration of metal-complexing agent in the water (i.e., moles of metal- complexing agent per liter of composition).
  • the concentration of metal-complexing agent is 0.00001 mM (i.e., milli-Molar) or greater; or 0.0001 mM or greater; or 0.001 mM or greater; or 0.01 mM or greater; or 0.1 mM or greater.
  • the concentration of metal-complexing agent is 100 mM or less; or 10 mM or less; or 1 mM or less.
  • one or more adjuvants is also included in the composition of the present invention.
  • the use of adjuvants is considered optional in the practice of the present invention.
  • Adjuvants may be used alone or in any combination. When more than one adjuvant is used, it is contemplated > that any combination of one or more adjuvants may be used.
  • Some suitable adjuvants are surfactants, alcohols, oils, extenders, pigments, fillers, binders, plasticizers, lubricants, wetting agents, spreading agents, dispersing agents, stickers, adhesives, defoamers, thickeners, transport agents, and emulsifying agents.
  • a composition of the present invention contains at least one adjuvant selected from alcohols, oils, and mixtures thereof; such a composition may or may not additionally contain one or more surfactant.
  • At least one liquid composition is used that contains no organosilicate compound. In some embodiments, no organosilicate compound is used.
  • one or more surfactants are used.
  • Suitable surfactants include, for example, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
  • sulfosuccinates including, for example, alkaline salts of mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinates.
  • sodium salts of dialkyl sulfosuccinates are used, including, for example, those with alkyl groups with 4 carbons or more, or 6 carbons or more.
  • sodium salts of dialkyl sulfosuccinates are used, including, for example, those with alkyl groups with 18 carbons or fewer; or 14 carbons or fewer; or 10 carbons or fewer.
  • One suitable sodium salt of a dialkyl sulfosuccinate is, for example, sodium di-hexyl sulfosuccinate.
  • One other suitable sodium salt of a dialkyl sulfosuccinate is, for example, sodium di-octyl sulfosuccinate.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are the sulfates and sulfonates, including, for example, alkaline salts of alkyl sulfates.
  • sodium salts of alkyl sulfates are used, including, for example, those with alkyl groups with 4 carbons or more, or 6 carbons or more, or 8 carbons or more.
  • sodium salts of alkyl sulfates are used, including, for example, those with alkyl groups with 18 carbons or fewer; or 14 carbons or fewer; or 10 carbons or fewer.
  • One suitable sodium salt of an alkyl sulfate is, for example, sodium dodecyl sulfate.
  • surfactants are, for example, sodium di-octyl sulfosuccinate, sodium di-hexyl sulfosuccinate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyglycerol esters, alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates (such as, for example, TritonTM X-100 from Dow), cetyl pyridinium bromide, ethoxylated alkyl amines, alcohol amines (such as, : for example, ethanolamines), saponins, and silicone-based surfactants (such as, for example, SilwetTM L-77 surfactant from OSi Specialties).
  • alcohol ethoxylates alkylphenol ethoxylates (such as, for example, TritonTM X-100 from Dow)
  • cetyl pyridinium bromide ethoxylated alkyl amines
  • alcohol amines such as, : for example, ethanolamine
  • some liquid compositions contain surfactant in amounts, by weight based on the total weight of the liquid composition, of 0.025% or more; or 0.05% or more; or 0.1% or more.
  • some liquid compositions use surfactant in amounts, by weight based on the total weight of the liquid composition, of 75% or less; or 50% or less; or 20% or less; or 5% or less; or 2% or less; 1% or less; or 0.5% or less; or 0.3% or less.
  • no oil is included in the composition.
  • oils are used.
  • an "oil” is a compound that is liquid at 25°C and 1 atmosphere pressure and that has a boiling point at 1 atmosphere pressure of 30°C or higher.
  • the category “oil” does not include water, does not include surfactants (as described herein above), and does not include alcohols (as described herein below).
  • Some oils are hydrocarbon oils, while other oils are non-hydrocarbon oils.
  • Hydrocarbon oils are straight, branched, or cyclic alkane compounds with 6 or more carbon atoms.
  • non-hydrocarbon means any compound that contains at least one atom that is neither hydrogen nor carbon.
  • hydrocarbon oils are included in the composition.
  • hydrocarbon oils are used that contain 18 or fewer carbon atoms.
  • suitable hydrocarbon oils include, for example, hexane, decane, dodecane, hexadecane, diesel oil, refined paraffinic oil (e.g., UltrafineTM spray oil from Sun Company), and mixtures thereof.
  • non- hydrocarbon oils are included in the composition.
  • non- hydrocarbon oils have boiling point of 50°C or higher; or 75°C or higher; or 100°C or higher.
  • non-hydrocarbon oils have molecular weight of 100 or higher; or 200 or higher; or 500 or higher.
  • suitable non-hydrocarbon oils are, for example, fatty non-hydrocarbon l oils.
  • “Fatty” means herein any compound that contains one or more residues of fatty acids.
  • Some suitable fatty non-hydrocarbon oils are, for example, fatty acids; esters of fatty acids; amides of fatty acids; dimers, trimers, oligomers, or polymers thereof; and mixtures thereof.
  • Some of the suitable fatty non-hydrocarbon oils are, for example, esters of fatty acids.
  • esters include, for example, glycerides of fatty acids, including, for example triglycerides.
  • a suitable triglyceride is soybean oil.
  • Suitable fatty non-hydrocarbon oils may be synthetic or natural or modifications of natural oils or a combination or mixture thereof.
  • One suitable modified natural oil is methylated soybean oil.
  • Also among the suitable fatty non- hydrocarbon oils are self-emulsifying esters of fatty acids.
  • silicone oils are oligomers or polymers that have a backbone that is partially or fully made up of -Si-O- links. Silicone oils include, for example, polydimethylsiloxane oils. Mixtures of suitable oils are also suitable, including mixtures of plural hydrocarbon oils, mixtures of plural non-hydrocarbon oils, and mixtures of one or more hydrocarbon oil with one or more non-hydrocarbon oil.
  • Some embodiments use oil in amounts, by weight based on the total weight of the composition, of 0.25% or more; or 0.5% or more; or 1% or more. Independently, some embodiments use oil in amounts, by weight based on the total weight of the composition, of 90% or less; or 50% or less; or 10% or less; or 5% or less; or 4% or less; or 3% or less.
  • one or more alcohol is used.
  • suitable alcohols include, for example, alkyl alcohols and other alcohols.
  • alkyl alcohols are alkyl compounds with one hydroxyl group; the alkyl group may be linear, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof; the alcohol may be primary, secondary, or tertiary.
  • alkyl alcohols are used which have alkyl groups with 2 or more carbon atoms.
  • ethanol, isopropanol, or a mixture thereof is used.
  • one or more alkyl alcohols are used which have alkyl groups with 20 or fewer carbon atoms; or 10 or fewer carbon atoms; or 6 or fewer carbon atoms; or 3 or fewer carbon atoms.
  • liquid compositions that use alcohol some liquid compositions use alcohol in amounts, by weight based on the total weight of the liquid composition, of 0.25% or higher; or 0.5% or higher, or 1% or higher.
  • liquid compositions that use alcohol some liquid compositions use alcohol in amounts, by weight based on the total weight of the liquid composition, of 90% or less; or 50% or less; or 10% or less; or 5% or less; or 4% or less; or 3% or less.
  • a mixture of two or more adjuvants is used.
  • Some suitable mixtures are available commercially, such as, for example, Aero Dyne- AmicTM adjuvant, available from Helena Chemical Company.
  • ingredients of the present invention may be admixed by any means, in any order.
  • any method may be used that allows the composition or compositions of the present invention to contact the plant.
  • some examples of methods of contact are, for example, spraying, foaming, fogging, pouring, brushing, dipping, similar methods, and combinations thereof.
  • spraying or dipping or both is used.
  • spraying is used.
  • a composition of the present invention is used to contact corn plants. It is contemplated that, in performing the treatment, the composition of the present invention may be contacted with the entire corn plant or may be contacted with one or more plant parts. Plant parts include any part of a plant, including, for example, flowers, buds, blooms, roots, ears, kernels, leaves, and combinations thereof.
  • the composition of the present invention is a liquid, and the liquid is sprayed onto com plants growing in a field. Such a spraying operation may be performed one time or more than one time on a particular group of corn plants during a single growing season.
  • the amount of cyclopropene used in one spraying operation is 0.5 gram per hectare (g/ha) or more; or 1 g/ha or more; or 2 g/ha or more; or 5 g/ha or more; or 12 g/ha or more.
  • the amount of cyclopropene used in one spraying operation is 1000 g/ha or less; or 500 g/ha or less; or 100 g/ha or less.
  • contact of cyclopropene with corn plants is conducted by methods other than spraying or by a combination of spraying and other methods.
  • the amount of cyclopropene used * in one contacting operation is contemplated to be the same as the amount of * • cyclopropene used in embodiments in which contacting with cyclopropene is performed by spraying.
  • corn plants are contacted with composition of the present invention prior to the harvesting of the kernels.
  • a group of corn plants with a composition of the present invention at a certain desired stage of development.
  • contacting may be performed when the ratio of the number of plants that have reached the desired stage of development to the total number of plants in the group is at least 0.1, or at least 0.5, or at least 0.75, or at least 0.9 (i.e., when the portion of plants that have reached the desired stage of development is at least 10%, or 50%, or 75%, or 90%).
  • the vegetative growth stages of corn plants include VE (emergence), Vl (emergence of first leaf), VN (emergence of Nth leaf), VNMAX (emergence of last leaf), and VT (tasselling).
  • Vl 1 One of these vegetative stages is Vl 1, which begins when the eleventh leaf emerges.
  • V16 Another of these vegetative stages is V16, which begins when the sixteenth leaf emerges.
  • the reproductive growth stages of corn plants include Rl (silking), R2 (blister), R3 (milk), R4 (dough), R5 (dent), R6 (maturity).
  • S The onset of silking is also designated "S.”
  • corn plants may be contacted with one or more composition of the present invention during any growth stage or any combination of growth stages.
  • corn plants are contacted with one or more composition of the present invention during or after any of V5 (emergence of fifth leaf), VI l (emergence of 11th leaf), V16 (emergence of 16th leaf), VT, Rl, R3, or during or after any combination of two or more thereof.
  • V5 emergence of fifth leaf
  • VI l emergence of 11th leaf
  • V16 emergence of 16th leaf
  • VT, Rl, R3, or during or after any combination of two or more thereof Some embodiments are contemplated in which at least one contact between corn plants and composition of the present invention is performed prior to V16.
  • corn plants are contaced with one or more composition of the present invention before or during VIl.
  • every contact between com plants and composition of the present invention is performed before V 16.
  • every contact between corn plants and composition of the present invention is performed during or before VIl.
  • corn plants are contacted with one or more composition of the present invention during Rl.
  • the day during Rl is designated "S+N," where N is the number of days after the onset of silking. In some embodiments, N is 5 or greater, or 10 or greater. Independently, in some embodiments, N is 16 or less, or 14 or less. In some embodiments, N is 12.
  • corn plants are contacted with one or more composition of the present invention one or more times, including one time during VI l.
  • corn plants are contacted with one or more composition of the present invention exactly one time, during VI l.
  • corn plants are contacted with one or more composition of the present invention one or more times, including one time during V 16.
  • corn plants are contacted with one or more composition of the present invention exactly one time, during V16.
  • corn plants are contacted with one or more composition of the present invention two or more times, including one time during V16 and one time during Rl.
  • corn plants are contacted with one or more composition of the present invention exactly two times, one time during V16 and one time during Rl.
  • some embodiments involve spraying corn plants one or more times with at least one liquid composition comprising at least one cyclopropene, after at least 10% of said corn plants have reached the developmental stage at which the eleventh leaf has emerged. Independently, some embodiments involve spraying corn plants one or more times with at least one liquid composition comprising at least one cyclopropene, after at least 10% of said corn plants have reached the developmental stage at which the sixteenth leaf has emerged.
  • Suitable treatments may be performed on plants that are planted in a field, in a garden, in a building (such as, for example, a greenhouse), or in another location. Suitable treatments may be performed on a plants that are planted in open ground, in one or more containers (such as, for example, a pot, planter, or vase), in confined or raised beds, or in other places. In some embodiments, treatment is performed on plants that are in a location other than in a building.
  • the yield is defined as the amount (herein called "crop amount") of kernels collected per unit area of land on which the com plants were grown. That is, the land area from which the kernels were harvested is measured, and the crop amount is divided by the land area to calculate the yield. For example, a crop amount measured as the weight of kernels would lead to a yield that is reported as a weight per area (for example, kilograms per hectare).
  • the crop amount may be defined in a variety of ways.
  • the crop amount may be measured, for example, by any of the following methods: weight of seeds , volume of seeds , number of seeds , number of fruiting bodies or plant biomass.
  • Also contemplated are methods in which the crop amount is measured as the amount in the crop of a specific constituent (such as, for example, oil, lint, sugar, starch, or protein).
  • the harvested kernels that contribute to the crop amount are those kernels that meet the minimum quality criteria that are appropriate for corn kernels. That is, in such embodiments, the crop amount is, for example, the weight of the kernels of acceptable quality that are harvested from those plants. Acceptable quality may be determined by any of the common criteria used by persons who harvest or handle corn. Such criteria of acceptable quality of kernels may be, for example, one or more of size, weight, firmness, flavor, sugar/starch balance, color, other quality criteria, or any combination thereof. Also contemplated as a possible criterion of quality, either alone or in combination with any of the foregoing criteria, is the duration of storage after harvest over which the plant part maintains its quality (as judged by any of the forgoing criteria).
  • treatment of a group of plants with the methods of the present invention will increase the crop yield of that group of plants, compared to the crop yield that would have been obtained from that group of plants if it had not been treated with the methods of the present invention.
  • the plant density used in the practice of the present invention is higher that the optimal plant density.
  • the optimal plant density is determined for a particular variety (i.e., a particular genotype) of corn plants and a particular portion of ground on which the corn is grown.
  • the optimal plant density will depend on soil type, fertility regime, climactic zone, geographic region, other factors, and combinations thereof.
  • the optimal plant density is determined in the absence of any contact with cyclopropene compound.
  • the optimal plant density is determined at a level of nutrients (e.g., nitrogen) that is at least a sufficient level for the variety of corn and the location of interest.
  • the optimal plant density is determined by increasing the plant density and measuring the yield at each plant density; for most such situations, as the plant density is increased, the yield will increase until it reaches a maximum value, after which the yield remains the same or decreases.
  • the lowest plant density at which the yield reaches its maximum value is known herein as the optimal plant density.
  • the ratio of the plant density used in the practice of the present invention to the optimal plant density is 1.1 or higher; or 1.3 or higher; or 1.5 or higher; or 2 or higher.
  • corn plants have plant density of 20,000 or more plants per hectare.
  • plant density, in plants per hectare is 40,000 or more; or 60,000 or more; or 80,000 or more; 90,000 or more; or 100,000 or more; or 110,000 or more; or 120,000 or more.
  • the level of nutrients that are supplied to the corn plants.
  • One measure of the level of nutrients is the amount of fertilizer, which is characterized as kilograms of nitrogen per hectare. In some embodiments, no fertilizer is applied. In some embodiments, the amount of fertilizer (in kilograms per hectare) is 40 or greater; or 80 or greater; or 160 or greater.
  • each genotype of corn plant will show the phenomenon of diminishing returns if the plant density is high enough. For some genotypes, a relatively high plant density is required before diminishing returns begin, and such genotypes are considered relatively tolerant to plant density. For other genotypes, diminishing returns begin at a relatively low plant density, and such genotypes are considered relatively intolerant to plant density. As used herein, “relatively high” and “relatively low” refer to comparison with genotypes that are typically used in the geographical region in which the present invention is being practiced.
  • the method of the present invention is conducted with corn plants that are relatively intolerant to plant density.
  • the corn plants that are contacted with cyclopropene include genotypes that are relatively intolerant to high plant density. In some embodiments of the present invention all of the corn plants that are contacted with cyclopropene are genotypes that are relatively intolerant to high plant density. . .
  • GY Grain Yield, in Mg/ha "1 (million grams of grain per hectare)
  • PGY Plant Grain Yield, in grams of grain per plant
  • KNP Kernel Number per plant, in number of kernels per plant
  • N rate Nitrogen rate, in kg per hectare
  • Example 1 Corn in Argentina in the 2005/2006 Season
  • Corn plants were grown in Argentina. Some were not contacted with cyclopropene, some were sprayed once, and some where sprayed twice. Each spray operation applied 20 grams of ai per hectare. Nitrogen level was relatively high. Two genotypes were tested. One genotype (“tolerant”) is more tolerant to the effects of plant density than the other genotype (“intolerant").
  • Corn plants were grown in Illinois, USA. Spraying was performed at growth stage VI l. Spraying with 1-MCP was done at 25 gram of ai per hectare. The conditions and results were as shown in the table below. The results for UTC are considered to be Comparative to the results of the practice of the present invention.
  • Example 3 Further Corn in Argentina in the 2006/2007 Season

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention propose un procédé pour faire pousser des plantes de culture qui consiste (a) à se procurer lesdites plantes de culture à une densité de semis élevée, et (b) à mettre en contact lesdits semis de maïs en développement une ou plusieurs fois avec une composition comportant un ou plusieurs cyclopropènes.
PCT/US2008/013418 2007-12-07 2008-12-05 Procédé entraînant une densité de semis élevée WO2009073211A1 (fr)

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WO2012126990A1 (fr) 2011-03-23 2012-09-27 Syngenta Participations Ag Procédés et compositions pour une production de plante accrue
WO2014059209A3 (fr) * 2012-10-11 2014-07-03 Agrofresh Inc. Amélioration de rendement pour plantes sensibles aux contraintes
WO2014130350A1 (fr) * 2013-02-19 2014-08-28 Agrofresh, Inc. Procédés pour augmenter le rendement de culture
CN104222128A (zh) * 2014-08-28 2014-12-24 青岛永通电梯工程有限公司 一种水稻田除草剂组合物

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US20070157340A1 (en) * 1999-06-21 2007-07-05 Tomes Dwight T Enhanced Floral Sink Strength and Increased Stability of Seed Set in Plants
US20070265166A1 (en) * 2006-05-15 2007-11-15 Eduardo Jose Bardella Contacting crop plants with compositions
US20070265167A1 (en) * 2006-05-15 2007-11-15 Todd Edgington Treating horticultural crops

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US20070157340A1 (en) * 1999-06-21 2007-07-05 Tomes Dwight T Enhanced Floral Sink Strength and Increased Stability of Seed Set in Plants
US20060160704A1 (en) * 2005-01-14 2006-07-20 Basel Richard M Plant growth regulation
US20070265166A1 (en) * 2006-05-15 2007-11-15 Eduardo Jose Bardella Contacting crop plants with compositions
US20070265167A1 (en) * 2006-05-15 2007-11-15 Todd Edgington Treating horticultural crops

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012126990A1 (fr) 2011-03-23 2012-09-27 Syngenta Participations Ag Procédés et compositions pour une production de plante accrue
AP3526A (en) * 2011-03-23 2016-01-11 Syngenta Participations Ag Methods and compositions for increased plant yield
WO2014059209A3 (fr) * 2012-10-11 2014-07-03 Agrofresh Inc. Amélioration de rendement pour plantes sensibles aux contraintes
CN104853608A (zh) * 2012-10-11 2015-08-19 农鲜股份有限公司 压力-敏感性植物的产量增加
AU2013329131B2 (en) * 2012-10-11 2016-10-13 Agrofresh Inc. Yield enhancement for stress-susceptible plants
US9974300B2 (en) 2012-10-11 2018-05-22 Agrofresh Inc. Yield enhancement for stress-susceptible plants
WO2014130350A1 (fr) * 2013-02-19 2014-08-28 Agrofresh, Inc. Procédés pour augmenter le rendement de culture
CN105188369A (zh) * 2013-02-19 2015-12-23 阿格洛法士公司 用于增加农作物产量的方法
AU2014219231B2 (en) * 2013-02-19 2017-08-31 Agrofresh Inc. Methods for increasing crop yield
CN104222128A (zh) * 2014-08-28 2014-12-24 青岛永通电梯工程有限公司 一种水稻田除草剂组合物

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