WO2009044926A1 - 乳化液中の乳化粒子の粒径および粒径分布を制御する方法および装置 - Google Patents
乳化液中の乳化粒子の粒径および粒径分布を制御する方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009044926A1 WO2009044926A1 PCT/JP2008/068257 JP2008068257W WO2009044926A1 WO 2009044926 A1 WO2009044926 A1 WO 2009044926A1 JP 2008068257 W JP2008068257 W JP 2008068257W WO 2009044926 A1 WO2009044926 A1 WO 2009044926A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
- B01F23/41—Emulsifying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
- B01F25/452—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces
- B01F25/4523—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces the components being pressed through sieves, screens or meshes which obstruct the whole diameter of the tube
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/81—Combinations of similar mixers, e.g. with rotary stirring devices in two or more receptacles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/81—Combinations of similar mixers, e.g. with rotary stirring devices in two or more receptacles
- B01F33/811—Combinations of similar mixers, e.g. with rotary stirring devices in two or more receptacles in two or more consecutive, i.e. successive, mixing receptacles or being consecutively arranged
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
- B01J13/14—Polymerisation; cross-linking
- B01J13/16—Interfacial polymerisation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2984—Microcapsule with fluid core [includes liposome]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling the particle size and particle size distribution of fine particles in an emulsified liquid in which a hydrophobic substance is dispersed in a dispersion medium, and more specifically, uniform emulsification with a narrow particle size distribution of fine particles.
- the present invention relates to an emulsification method and an emulsification apparatus for continuously and stably producing a liquid. Further, the present invention relates to microcapsules and polymer fine particles using an emulsion produced by using the method and apparatus. Background art
- a liquid phase substance that is not mixed with the continuous phase is dispersed in the form of particles in the continuous liquid phase.
- oil droplets are dispersed in a water-based continuous phase
- a W / W type emulsion and conversely, water-based droplets are dispersed in an oil-based continuous phase.
- a method for producing these emulsions known are a surface chemical method using an emulsifying agent and a mechanical method using a special emulsifying device. Usually, a method combining these two methods is stable.
- a simple emulsion In general, when the latter mechanical method is used, it is known that the properties of the resulting emulsion (droplet size of the dispersed phase and the droplet size distribution) vary greatly depending on the emulsifier used. Yes.
- emulsions are used in various industrial fields such as cosmetics, foods, paints, paper products, films and recording materials. It occupies an important position as a raw material and product.
- the particle size and particle size distribution of the droplets, which are the dispersed phase of the emulsion, are important factors that greatly affect the stability of the emulsion and the final product properties.
- cosmetic emulsions differ in familiarity with the skin due to differences in the average particle size and particle size distribution of the emulsified and dispersed droplets.
- the product stability is greatly affected.
- Microphone mouthpieces that form a polymer film or the like at the interface between the continuous phase and dispersed phase of the emulsion, or polymer fine particles obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable dispersed phase in the emulsion are polymerized, filtered and washed. It is manufactured by processing the emulsion by a method that includes processes such as drying, sieving and crushing. These microcapsules and polymer single particles are also used in various industrial fields. Microcapsules are information recording materials that utilize pressure, heat, and photosensitivity, including toner for copying machines and printers, display materials such as electronic paper, and medicines, agricultural chemicals, insecticides, and fragrances. Used as a heat storage material.
- Polymer fine particles are used as anti-blocking agents for plastic films, optical diffusion, anti-reflection functions, and as optical materials for spacer applications.
- As a paint / ink that imparts functions as a material that imparts slipperiness to cosmetic foundations, etc., as an additive that imparts various properties such as heat resistance, improved solvent resistance, and low shrinkage to resins, and as a diagnostic It is also used in the medical field as a test agent and fine particle formulation.
- Microcapsules and polymer fine particles are also used in applications such as pigments, dyes, conductive materials, thermal recording paper, resin reinforcements, fat and oil additives, artificial stone materials, and chromatography.
- the particle size and particle size distribution of the produced particles are almost determined at the stage of emulsification, so it is no exaggeration to say that the properties of the emulsion determine the performance of the final product. Therefore, Whether it is used as an emulsified product or as a micro-force pulp or polymer fine particle, it is necessary to develop an emulsifying device that can easily produce a product having a desired average particle size and particle size distribution, particularly a narrow particle size distribution. Become.
- a dispersion medium and a dispersion liquid are mixed at an appropriate ratio to prepare a preliminary emulsified liquid, which is further finely divided by an emulsifying means called a high-speed stirrer (dissolver), a homogenizer, an in-line mixer, and the like.
- Emulsified to produce a stable emulsion when the oily liquid is dispersed in the aqueous medium, strong energy can be applied to the oily liquid, and it is particularly effective for obtaining an emulsion having a particle diameter of less than 10 ⁇ m.
- the oily liquid droplets are frequently associated together with the dispersion of the oily liquid, and the dispersion and the association are repeatedly performed. Therefore, when the oily liquid is an oily liquid containing fine particles therein, The fine particles may migrate into the aqueous medium and the amount of fine particles in the oily liquid may decrease, or the aqueous medium may be contaminated by the migrated fine particles. When the oil droplets are encapsulated in the microphone mouth, the transferred fine particles may adhere to the capsule shell surface during the microencapsulation and contaminate the microcapsules themselves.
- the region where the shearing force necessary for emulsification is limited to the vicinity of the stirring blade, the cutting force becomes non-uniform in the vicinity of the stirring blade, and the particle size distribution of the dispersed droplets may be widened. is there. Or, there is a problem that it is difficult to scale up.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-49 912 discloses a cylindrical mouth with a protruding blade on the outer wall and a cylindrical shape with a protruding blade on the inner wall.
- a method is disclosed in which emulsification is performed by adding a shearing force while rotating and allowing the emulsified raw material to pass through the gap between the rotor and the rotor.
- the shear force is determined by the rotational speed of the mouth, so when a large shear force is required, that is, when the dispersed phase droplets obtain a small emulsion, a very large power section is required. It becomes.
- Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 6-1 4 2 4 9 2 discloses a microcapsule manufacturing method in which pre-emulsification is performed while stirring, and then a double cylindrical continuous emulsification apparatus.
- a method for producing an emulsion having a wide particle size distribution by changing the number of rotations of the inner cylinder continuously or stepwise using an equation is disclosed. This method produces emulsions with a wide particle size distribution, but with extremely large and small particles. It is described that there is no child.
- the amount of raw material inserted and the rotational speed of the inner cylinder of the emulsifier must be controlled, which complicates operation.
- the product to be emulsified is reactive, the device may be clogged.
- JP-A-9 029091 (US Pat. No. 5,785,423) continuously supplies an oil phase solution from the bottom of an emulsification tank having a built-in stirring blade, and continuously supplies an aqueous phase solution from the lower side of the emulsification tank.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-212270 discloses a method for continuous emulsion using a porous glass pipe.
- this method when this method is used, there is a risk that the device becomes expensive, and if the raw material is reactive, the porous glass pipe may be blocked.
- the pressure when extruding the raw material to be emulsified from the porous glass pipe and the flow state of the fluid that can be a continuous phase determine the particle size of the emulsion. This complicates the operating conditions for particle size control.
- the porous glass pipe is expensive, there are problems such as costly scale-up.
- JP-A-2-261525 and JP-A-9-201521 disclose a method and apparatus for instantaneously emulsifying an emulsified raw material by colliding with an ultrahigh pressure and a high speed.
- the operating pressure of the device is extremely high, so there is a problem that the device body needs to have a robust structure and the device is heavily worn.
- the emulsifying action of the above apparatus is Since it is based on the impact force of the material collision, it is difficult to control, and the particle size distribution of the dispersed phase droplets in the emulsified liquid becomes extremely uneven.
- 2000-254469 discloses a plurality of holes formed at a predetermined interval in the thickness direction in a cylindrical case (for example, a polygonal truncated cone or a truncated cone).
- a static mixing and stirring device having a structure in which a disc-type element is provided.
- Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-28463 discloses a first collective plate body in which a three-dimensional hollow pentagon is continuously arranged on a square base plate in a cylindrical body having a rectangular cross section and a through hole is formed in the center.
- a fluid mixer in which a plurality of second aggregate plate bodies in which arbitrary recesses are formed are fitted.
- These devices are liquid mixing devices, but can also be used as emulsifying devices. However, these devices not only have a complicated element shape to be used, but also have a problem that the arrangement of each element in the device needs to be strictly adjusted.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-159832 (US 2002_ / 0609 50A1) describes a mixing means for mixing a plurality of liquids, a booster pump for increasing the pressure of the liquid mixture, and an emulsified state of the liquid mixture fed from the pressure pump.
- An emulsion forming apparatus provided with an emulsifying means is disclosed.
- the emulsifying means has a plurality of chambers separated by a partition wall in which at least one small hole is formed, and the mixed solution flows into the plurality of chambers.
- the emulsified raw material is pulverized, broken, and emulsified by a strong impact force when the emulsified raw material is ejected from a small hole to a neighboring space at high speed and high pressure.
- the emulsification principle uses only the destruction phenomenon due to impact. Since it is difficult to control the destruction phenomenon due to impact, the particle size distribution of the resulting emulsion tends to be uneven.
- the emulsification device has a robust structure for jetting with high pressure. Must be made.
- the present invention solves the problems in the conventional continuous emulsification method and apparatus, and has a desired average particle size and a desired particle size distribution, particularly a narrow (uniform) particle size distribution, suitable for the various applications described above.
- a continuous emulsification method for obtaining emulsion containing droplets which is easy to control, easy to scale up and maintain, has a simple structure, and can achieve an emulsification throughput sufficient for industrial production.
- Methods and apparatus are provided. Further, by using the emulsion obtained by the method and apparatus, a microphone having a desired average particle size and a desired particle size distribution, particularly a narrow (uniform) particle size distribution, suitable for the various applications described above.
- the purpose is to provide various industrial products such as capsules and polymer fine particles.
- the first aspect of the present invention is that in the production of an emulsified dispersion, they are substantially insoluble in each other.
- Two or more types of liquids are arranged in the cylindrical channel at intervals of 5 to 200 mm, exceeding 50 and up to 20 0, and mesh numbers according to the AS TM standard 3 5 mesh to 40
- the particle size and particle size distribution of the emulsified particles are controlled by continuously and successively passing a mesh body having a surface that intersects the flow path direction corresponding to a mesh of 100 mesh.
- two or more liquids that are substantially insoluble in each other are fed.
- the surface intersecting the flow path direction corresponding to a mesh of 5 mesh to 400 mesh The emulsification apparatus is characterized in that a liquid mesh body is disposed and emulsification is performed by sequentially passing the liquid through the mesh body.
- the mesh body is, for example, a wire mesh.
- the present invention relates to microcapsules or polymer fine particles produced using an emulsion obtained by the above method and apparatus.
- an extremely large number of reticulate bodies each having a cylindrical flow path and having a plane that intersects the flow path direction of a specific opening in the cylindrical flow path are arranged at predetermined intervals.
- an emulsifying device having a simple structure and passing two or more kinds of liquids as an emulsification raw material sequentially through the network, the dispersed phase droplets are controlled to obtain a desired average particle size and a desired particle size distribution. It is possible to obtain a continuous and large amount of the emulsion.
- a uniform emulsion in which the particle size distribution of the droplets is narrower than before can be obtained.
- this device has a simple structure, it is easy to disassemble and is easy to maintain.
- microcapsules and polymer particles having a desired particle size and particle size distribution can be obtained.
- uniform microcapsules and polymer particles having a narrower particle size distribution than conventional ones can be obtained.
- the emulsion obtained by the emulsification method of the present invention is used in various industrial fields such as cosmetics, foods, paints, paper products, films, It can be suitably used as a raw material and product in the industrial field related to recording materials and the like. When used in cosmetics, it has excellent familiarity with the skin and also has excellent product stability.
- the micro-force pressell obtained from the emulsion is used as an information recording material utilizing pressure, heat, and photosensitivity, including toner for copying machines and printers, and as a display material such as an electronic paper. Furthermore, it is suitable for use as medicines, agricultural chemicals, insecticides, fragrances, heat storage materials, etc.
- the polymer fine particles obtained from the emulsion are used as an anti-blocking agent for plastic films, as a light diffusion and anti-reflection function, and as an optical material for use as a spacer, for building materials and automobile interiors.
- Microcapsules and polymer fine particles are also used in other applications such as pigments, dyes, conductive members, thermal recording paper, resin reinforcements, fat additives, artificial stones, and chromatography. Microcapsules and polymer fine particles have products with a desired average particle size and particle size distribution, especially a narrow particle size distribution, so they perform better than conventional products when used in these applications. Demonstrate. Brief Description of Drawings
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example of the configuration of the continuous emulsification apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a spacer c used in the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the emulsification apparatus of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is a flowchart consisting of an emulsification raw material tank, a plunger pump, an emulsification device F, and a product tank.
- a is a casing
- b is a wire mesh
- c is a spacer
- 2a is a stopper
- liquids that are substantially insoluble in each other, a predetermined number of mesh bodies having a surface that intersects the flow channel direction of a predetermined opening in a cylindrical flow channel, at a predetermined interval,
- the liquid is fed to an emulsifying device, and the liquid is emulsified by sequentially passing through the network.
- the liquid may be fed by an appropriate feed pump (feed pump), and the feed is made for each emulsified raw material.
- feed pump feed pump
- oil and water can be fed into the flow path by separate feed pumps.
- it may be mixed appropriately in advance.
- mixing there is no particular limitation on mixing when it is introduced into the emulsifier, and it is not necessary to use a mixing device such as a stirrer. It is preferable to introduce the mixture by mixing about the line blend.
- emulsification by fluid splitting by the network which is an emulsification mechanism of the present invention described later, becomes difficult in a state where each emulsified raw material arrives at the network while forming a completely separate flow and is not mixed at all. Therefore, it is preferable that the emulsified raw material reach the network in a temporarily mixed state. It is sufficient that the degree of mixing be obtained by line blending as described above.
- the emulsified raw material to be fed is mixed with a dispersant (emulsifier) in advance as appropriate. I can leave.
- the dispersant (emulsifier) can also be fed directly directly into the emulsifier if necessary.
- the flow velocity of the fluid flowing in the flow path of the emulsifying device needs to be a high flow velocity that causes liquid droplets to collide and break, especially in view of the division of the liquid flow by the network that is the emulsification mechanism of the present invention described later.
- the linear velocity is about 0.1 to 50 c mZ sec.
- a net-like body having a large opening area for example, a wire net is used, and although a plurality of them are used, they are arranged at a predetermined interval, so that the fluid system Pressure loss can be reduced. Therefore, the linear velocity of the fluid can be relatively increased, and as a result, the processing amount per unit time can be increased.
- a predetermined number of mesh bodies are arranged at predetermined intervals in the flow path, and the supplied emulsified raw material sequentially passes through the plurality of mesh bodies, during which emulsification proceeds and is completed.
- This network has a surface that intersects the flow path direction. The degree of crossing is not particularly limited as long as the fluid is divided by the emulsification mechanism of the present invention (described later), but a force that is substantially perpendicular to the flow path direction is preferable.
- the present inventors interpret the mechanism of emulsification in the present invention, the effect of the network, etc. as follows. As the fluid passes through the network one after another, the fluid is divided into droplets by the many pores of the network, and only the larger ones of the droplet size are further divided in the subsequent network, and as a result It is thought that the particle size of the dispersed phase droplets is uniform.
- the droplets generated in the previous mesh may aggregate during that time, so the length is too short.
- the interval between the meshes is related to the fluid flow velocity and fluid viscosity in the channel,
- the number of the nets is an important requirement for the present invention, and is more than 50 and up to ⁇ 200. If it is 50 or less, the particle size uniformity of the dispersed droplet phase in the emulsion is poor. Exceeding 200 is not preferable because the pressure during the emulsification operation becomes extremely high.
- a wire mesh is used as the rope, there is a certain level of mechanical strength, and the mesh has a wide variety of mesh sizes. It is convenient because various selections can be made according to the situation. As long as it is a net-like body corresponding to a wire net, other materials can be used as appropriate.
- the mesh number according to the A S TM standard is 35 to 400 mesh, more preferably 15 to 30 mesh.
- the wire mesh is usually several mm or less in thickness, and in order to reinforce its mechanical strength, it should be configured so as to be supported by a spacer or the like as will be described later. preferable. In general, the thickness of the wire mesh used for filters in the gas filtration field and various liquid filtration fields is sufficient.
- the temperature in the flow path during the emulsification operation is not particularly limited. It can be cooled or heated for this purpose. A preferred temperature is 10 to 40 ° C.
- the flow rate of the fluid can be adjusted by appropriately changing the pressure. That is, the pressure is sufficient to maintain the preferred flow rate described above, and is not particularly high.
- the high pressure fluid is not preferable because it does not have enough time for stabilization of the fluid in the interval between the reticulate bodies, and the collision and dust increase or is excessively divided.
- a preferred pressure is from 0.01 to 5.OMpa.
- the emulsifying device of FIG. 1 comprises a stopper 2a for fixing a unit comprising a cylindrical casing a, a pair of wire mesh b and a spacer c in the casing.
- the spacer c is for holding a plurality of wire nets b at a predetermined interval.
- the length of the casing a is determined by the length and the number of the units composed of the wire mesh b and the spacer c fixed therein.
- the pressure resistance is determined by the amount of emulsified raw material that flows through the interior of the unit (insertion pressure).
- the shape of the casing cross section into which the unit is inserted is not particularly limited, but the cylindrical shape shown in FIG. 1 is preferable from the viewpoint of workability, pressure resistance, and prevention of liquid staying inside.
- the materials of casing a, wire mesh b, spacer c and stopper 2a are those that do not corrode due to the emulsified raw material passing through the interior, and can withstand the pressure generated during the emulsification operation. If it has intensity
- the shape of the wire mesh b is almost the same as the internal cross section of the cylindrical casing a in the case of Fig. 1.
- the shape and size This is to eliminate distortion in the case of fixing in the cylindrical casing a and to reliably pass the emulsified raw material through the flow path formed by a plurality of units.
- a unit is formed by superimposing the wire mesh b and the spacer c, it is necessary to bring the surfaces in contact with each other into close contact. This is because the emulsified raw material passes through only the flow path formed by the wire mesh b and the spacer c to ensure the emulsification.
- a wire mesh b having a mesh number of 35 mesh to 400 mesh it is preferable to use a wire mesh b having a mesh number of 35 mesh to 400 mesh according to the A S TM standard.
- the mesh number can be appropriately selected depending on the emulsion raw material to be used and the target dispersed phase droplet diameter in the emulsion. When the mesh number is smaller than 35 mesh, the emulsifying action is remarkably lowered, which is not preferable. Further, if the mesh number exceeds 400 mesh, the working pressure during the emulsification operation is remarkably increased and emulsification becomes impossible.
- a more preferable mesh number of the wire mesh is from 1550 mesh to 300 mesh.
- the shape of the wire mesh is not particularly limited, but preferably any of plain weave, twill, plain tatami, twill, or semi-woven twill can be preferably used.
- the metal mesh can have a multilayer structure in which a plurality of layers are laminated for the purpose of surface protection, strength support, and dispersion control.
- the wire mesh for emulsification in the multilayer structure is referred to as a main wire mesh.
- the shape of the material laminated on the main metal mesh is not particularly limited as long as the surface protection, strength support, and dispersion control of the main metal mesh can be achieved, but punching metal, metal mesh, and the like are preferable.
- the mesh number (AS TM standard) of the sub-wire mesh is smaller than the mesh number of the main wire mesh (the opening is larger). It is necessary.
- the properties of the resulting emulsion are determined by the maximum mesh number wire mesh (main wire mesh) installed in the emulsifier flow path, so the mesh number of the sub wire mesh is larger than the mesh number of the main wire mesh. It is not preferable to do.
- each layer is fixed by a technique such as sintering in order to prevent deformation of the main wire mesh in the flow path of the emulsifier. It is preferable to use a modified one.
- the distance between the reticulates is related to the emulsification and the stabilization of the droplets of the dispersed phase in the emulsion. It is essential to fix the mesh body at a predetermined position in the cylindrical flow path at a predetermined interval.
- a spacer is used.
- Figure 2 shows the spacer c.
- the length L of the spacer is not particularly limited, but corresponds to the preferred distance between the ropes described above, and is preferably 5 mm to 200 mm. More preferably, it is 7 mm to 100 mm, and particularly preferably 10 mm to 100 mm. If the length of the spacer is shorter than 5 mm, the particle size of the dispersed phase droplets in the emulsion becomes non-uniform, which is not preferable. If the length is longer than 200 mm, the length of the emulsifying device becomes excessive, and the dispersed phase droplets of the emulsified liquid are coalesced (aggregated) in part of the spacer (between the meshes) or dead space.
- the outer diameter d 1 of the spacer is preferably close to the inner diameter of the casing within a range where it can be inserted into the cylindrical casing a. This is because the wire mesh is completely fixed in the flow path, and the emulsified raw material is surely guided to the flow path formed by the spacer and the wire mesh.
- the emulsifying device of the present invention is used by inserting a plurality of units comprising a pair of wire nets b and a spacer C into a cylindrical casing a.
- the number of units to be inserted is over 50 and up to 200.
- a unit number of 50 or less is not preferable because the particle size of the dispersed phase droplets in the resulting emulsion becomes non-uniform.
- the number of units exceeds 200, the pressure during the emulsification operation becomes remarkably high, such being undesirable.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the emulsification apparatus of the present invention.
- the number of units exceeds 50, but in FIG. 3, the number of units is set to 10 to facilitate understanding.
- damage to the surface of the metal mesh due to contact between the metal mesh and the stopper is prevented by inserting a spacer in addition to the unit consisting of a metal mesh and a spacer inside the casing. is doing.
- each unit inside the casing is fixed by a force S that is implemented by screwing a stopper into the casing, and the form is not limited as long as it has a similar function.
- a clamp or a flange can be used.
- the temperature during emulsification can be adjusted by heating or cooling from the outside of the cylindrical casing as necessary.
- Casing temperature control methods include mounting a Pand or Ripon heater outside the casing, using an open or sealed tubular electric furnace, and mounting a heating / cooling jacket outside the casing. It is done.
- tank A and tank B are emulsified raw material tanks, respectively.
- tank A stores a hydrophobic liquid, for example, a hydrocarbon-based solution
- tank B stores water
- the dispersant (emulsifier) is charged in one of the raw material tanks. Here, it is stored as an aqueous solution in the evening B.
- the amount and type of the dispersant (emulsifier) used are not particularly limited.
- Dispersants (emulsifiers) such as anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants are used.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- an aqueous solution of about 1% by mass can be used.
- a suitable stirrer, heating device, etc. can be added to the tanks 8 and B.
- Pump C and pump D are plunger pumps each capable of adjusting the flow rate, and are used to introduce the emulsified raw material into the emulsifier at an arbitrary ratio.
- the amount of liquid feeding is not particularly limited, it is usually about 6 to 300 m 1 Z cm 2 Z.
- the emulsified raw material from each pump is fed at the inlet side line of the emulsifier F and line blended, and the mixed liquid is introduced into the emulsifier F.
- An accumulator E can be installed on the pump side of the emulsification raw material inlet of the emulsifier F to suppress fluid pulsation. Any material can be used for introducing the raw material into the emulsifier F as long as it can stably supply the target flow rate, and the form is not limited.
- the plunger pump is exemplified.
- Tank G Is a tank for the emulsion as a product.
- a stirrer, a heating device and the like can be appropriately added for the purpose of carrying out a reaction using an emulsified liquid, for example, encapsulation or polymerization.
- the pump (: and pump D respectively) introduces the emulsion into the emulsifier F at an arbitrary ratio and flow rate, and the emulsion is guided to the receiving tank G.
- a monomer such as a hydrocarbon-based solution, an acrylic monomer such as MMA, or a styrene monomer can be emulsified in an appropriate medium, for example, in water.
- the particle size of the dispersed droplets in the emulsion obtained by the present invention is not particularly limited, but is usually in the range of 0.1 to 200 (volume average particle size according to the Cole evening counter method),
- the coefficient of variation (CV value (%) described later) is also in the range of about 60% to about 30%, but various conditions such as the opening of the wire mesh, dispersant (emulsifier), etc. are adjusted as necessary. In this way, particles having a desired volume average particle diameter and a coefficient of variation thereof can be obtained.
- a monomer for forming a capsule film such as methylol melamine
- polymerization is performed at the particle interface by a conventional method
- the encapsulation of the droplets can be easily performed.
- the particle state and dispersion state of the resulting force pushell correspond to that of the emulsion.
- an aqueous emulsion of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer or a styrene monomer containing an initiator according to the present invention is prepared, and this is heated to polymerize droplets. Similarly, the particles in the original emulsion Polymer particles corresponding to the (milky) state and the dispersed state are obtained.
- MMA methyl methacrylate
- styrene monomer containing an initiator according to the present invention is prepared, and this is heated to polymerize droplets.
- the particles in the original emulsion Polymer particles corresponding to the (milky) state and the dispersed state are obtained.
- an emulsifying device having an extremely simple structure in which a plurality of nets such as a wire mesh are only installed in a fluid flow path, an emulsion having a uniform dispersed phase droplet diameter can be continuously formed. And it can be obtained in large quantities.
- this device since this device has a simple structure, it can be easily disassembled and has excellent maintainability.
- microcapsules and polymer particles having a uniform particle diameter can be obtained.
- An emulsifier was prepared by inserting 10 pairs of a wire mesh made of a 1400 mesh main wire mesh and a spacer having a length of 10 mm and an inner diameter of 15 mm into a cylindrical casing having an inner diameter of 20 mm.
- the casing length is about 120mm.
- the emulsified raw material is an aqueous hydrocarbon solvent naphthethol (manufactured by Nippon Oil Corporation) (1% by mass PVA205, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), each with a separate plunger pump at a flow rate of 100 ml / min and 200 ml / min.
- an emulsification operation was carried out to obtain an OZW type emulsion.
- volume average particle size The dispersed phase droplet volume average particle size (hereinafter referred to as “volume average particle size”) and droplet size distribution of the emulsion were measured with a Cole evening counter (Beckman Cole Yuichi, Multisizer I II). The number of measured particles is 100,000. As a result, the volume average particle diameter of the droplet was 20 im, and the CV value was 30%.
- the CV value used as an indicator of droplet size distribution was calculated by the following formula.
- An emulsified liquid was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 1, except that the number of units in the casing was 40.
- the volume average particle size of the dispersed phase was 18 m, and the CV value was 24%.
- An emulsion was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 1, except that the main wire mesh was 250 mesh.
- the volume average particle size of the dispersed phase was 55 m, and the CV value was 25%.
- An emulsified liquid was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 1, except that the main wire mesh was changed to 2400 mesh.
- the volume average particle size of the dispersed phase was 10 ⁇ m, and the CV value was 24%.
- the volume average particle size of the force psell was 10 ⁇ m and the CV value was 28%.
- the resulting force-pell slurry was diluted 4 times with water and then applied to commercial CF paper. As a result, color development did not occur and it was confirmed that force-pseling was completed.
- An emulsifier was prepared by inserting 50 sets of a unit consisting of a wire mesh made of wire mesh and a spacer having a length of 10 mm and an inner diameter of 10 mm.
- the casing length is about 330mm.
- the emulsified raw material contains 1% by weight of benzoyl peroxide (initiator) and 20% by weight of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (crosslinking agent) dissolved in methyl methacrylate (MMA) and aqueous dispersant (3% by weight ⁇ 8217, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), and each emulsification operation was carried out by introducing them into the emulsifier at a flow rate of 17 mlZ and 33 m1Z with individual plunger pumps to obtain an OZW type emulsion. The resulting emulsion was heated and stirred at 110 to 115 ° (for 30 minutes in a 0.3 MPa nitrogen atmosphere) to obtain solid MMA polymer fine particles. The same method as in Production Example 1 was used. The measured dispersed phase (polymer fine particles) had a volume average particle size of 4.6 rn and a CV value of 22%.
- Polymer fine particles were produced in the same manner as in Production Example 6 except that the number of units in the casing was 100.
- the volume average particle diameter of the polymer fine particles measured by the same method as in Production Example 1 was 4.1 urn, and the CV value was 21%.
- Polymer fine particles were produced in the same manner as in Production Example 6 except that the number of units in the casing was 150.
- the volume average particle diameter of the polymer fine particles measured by the same method as in Production Example 1 was 3.8 urn, and the CV value was 21%.
- Polymer fine particles were produced in the same manner as in Production Example 6 except that the number of units in the casing was 200. Measured in the same way as in Production Example 1. The volume average particle size of the polymer fine particles was 3.7 m, and the CV value was 20%. (Production Example 10)
- Dispersant aqueous solution (PVA217, manufactured by Kuraray) Polymer fine particles were produced in the same manner as in Production Example 6 except that the concentration was increased from 3% by mass to 5% by mass.
- the volume average particle size of the polymer particles measured by the same method as in Production Example 1 is
- Dispersant aqueous solution (PVA217, manufactured by Kuraray) Polymer fine particles were produced in the same manner as in Production Example 6 except that the concentration was increased from 3% by mass to 5% by mass and the number of units in the casing was changed to 100.
- the volume average particle diameter of the polymer fine particles measured by the same method as in Production Example 1 was 2.9 urn, (: The value was 22%.
- Dispersant aqueous solution (PVA217, manufactured by Kuraray) Polymer fine particles were produced in the same manner as in Production Example 6 except that the concentration was increased from 3% by mass to 5% by mass and the number of units in the casing was changed to 150.
- the volume average particle diameter of the polymer fine particles measured by the same method as in Production Example 1 was 2.7 rn, and the CV value was 21%.
- Dispersant aqueous solution (PVA 217, manufactured by Kuraray) Polymer fine particles were produced in the same manner as in Production Example 6 except that the concentration was increased from 3% by mass to 5% by mass and the number of units in the casing was changed to 200.
- the volume average particle diameter of the polymer fine particles measured by the same method as in Production Example 1 was 2.5 urn, and the CV value was 20%.
- Polystyrene particles were obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 5, except that the emulsified raw material was changed to styrene in which 1% by mass of benzoyl peroxide was dissolved.
- the polymer fine particles measured by the same method as in Production Example 1 had a volume average particle diameter of 11 ITI and a CV value of 24%.
- Polymer fine particles were produced in the same manner as in Production Example 6 except that the number of units in the casing was changed to 10.
- the volume average particle diameter of the polymer fine particles measured by the same method as in Production Example 1 was 9.4 m, and the CV value was 51%.
- Polymer fine particles were produced in the same manner as in Production Example 6 except that the number of units in the casing was changed to 20.
- the volume average particle diameter of the polymer fine particles measured by the same method as in Production Example 1 was 5.9 urn, and the CV value was 31%.
- Polymer fine particles were produced in the same manner as in Production Example 6 except that the number of units in the casing was 30.
- the volume average particle size of the polymer fine particles measured by the same method as in Production Example 1 was 5. 1 m, and the CV value was 24%.
- Polymer fine particles were produced in the same manner as in Production Example 6 except that the number of units in the casing was 40.
- the volume average particle diameter of the polymer fine particles measured by the same method as in Production Example 1 was 4.7 m, and the CV value was 24%.
- Dispersant aqueous solution (PVA217, manufactured by Kuraray) Same as Production Example 6 except that the concentration was increased from 3% to 5% and the number of units in the casing was changed to 10. Polymer fine particles were produced by the same procedure. The volume average particle diameter of the polymer fine particles measured by the same method as in Production Example 1 was 8.1 iim, and the CV value was 48%.
- Dispersant aqueous solution PVA2 17, made by Kuraray
- Polymer fine particles were produced in the same manner as in Production Example 6 except that the concentration was increased from 3% to 5% and the number of units in the casing was 20 pairs. did.
- the volume average particle diameter of the polymer particles measured by the same method as in Production Example 1 was 4.8 rn, and the CV value was 37%.
- Dispersant aqueous solution (PVA2 17, manufactured by Kuraray) The polymer was prepared in the same manner as in Production Example 6 except that the concentration was increased from 3% to 5% and the number of units in the casing was changed to 30 units. Fine particles were produced. The volume average particle size of the polymer fine particles measured by the same method as in Production Example 1 was 3.9, and the CV value was 29%.
- Dispersant aqueous solution PVA2 17, manufactured by Kuraray
- Polymer fine particles were prepared in the same manner as in Production Example 6 except that the concentration was increased from 3% to 5% and the number of units in the casing was 40. Manufactured.
- the volume average particle diameter of the polymer fine particles measured by the same method as in Production Example 1 was 3.5 rn, and the CV value was 26%.
- Table 1 summarizes the volume average particle diameters and CV values of the polymer fine particles obtained in Production Examples 6 to 13 and Production Examples 15 to 22.
- the left side of the column for production example No. corresponds to the dispersant PVA concentration of 3%
- the right side corresponds to the dispersant PVA concentration of 5%. is doing.
- Hydrocarbon solvent naphthesol manufactured by Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. 300 parts and dispersant aqueous solution (1% by mass PVA205, Kuraray Co., Ltd.) 600 parts with TK homomixer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.)
- TK homomixer manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- MMA methyl methacrylate
- PVA 20.5 aqueous dispersant solution
- the droplets in the emulsion obtained by the method and apparatus of the present invention have a controlled particle size distribution, in particular, a narrower and more uniform particle size distribution than conventional ones.
- cosmetics, foods, paints It can be suitably used as a raw material and product in products such as paper products, films, recording materials, and industrial fields related to these products.
- cosmetics When used in cosmetics, it has excellent familiarity with the skin and also has excellent product stability.
- the micro force capsules and polymer particles obtained from the emulsion also have a controlled particle size distribution, particularly a narrower and more uniform particle size distribution than conventional ones.
- ⁇ Feeling like printer toner It is suitable for information recording materials using pressure, heat sensitivity, and photosensitivity, as display materials such as electronic paper, and as pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, insecticides, fragrances, and heat storage materials.
- the polymer fine particles obtained from the emulsified liquid can be used as an anti-blocking agent for plastic films, and as an optical material for use in spacers for imparting light diffusion and anti-reflection functions.
- Coloring ⁇ Paint that gives functions such as tactile sensibility ⁇
- a cosmetic material that gives slipperiness to foundations and other materials
- a resin additive that gives various performances such as heat resistance, improved solvent resistance and low shrinkage Furthermore, it can be suitably used as a diagnostic screening agent or a fine particle preparation in the medical field.
- Microcapsules and fine polymer particles are also used for applications such as pigments, dyes, conductive members, thermal recording paper, resin reinforcing materials, fat and oil additives, artificial stone materials, and chromatography.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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CN200880110166A CN101815572A (zh) | 2007-10-05 | 2008-10-01 | 用于控制乳液中乳液颗粒的颗粒直径和颗粒直径分布的方法和装置 |
US12/681,484 US8932714B2 (en) | 2007-10-05 | 2008-10-01 | Method and apparatus for controlling particle diameter and particle diameter distribution of emulsion particles in emulsion |
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JP2007262213A JP5216295B2 (ja) | 2007-10-05 | 2007-10-05 | 乳化液の粒径および粒径分布を制御する方法およびこの方法に使用する装置 |
JP2007-262213 | 2007-10-05 |
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US (1) | US8932714B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5216295B2 (ja) |
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EP2516053A2 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2012-10-31 | Evonik Degussa Corporation | Emulsion-based process for preparing microparticles and workhead assembly for use with same |
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JP6007113B2 (ja) | 2013-01-10 | 2016-10-12 | Jxエネルギー株式会社 | マイクロカプセルの製造方法およびマイクロカプセル |
CA2897716A1 (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-07-17 | Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation | Microcapsule heat storage material, method of producing the same, and use of the same |
CN104492330B (zh) * | 2014-12-12 | 2017-01-18 | 东北石油大学 | 一种带有转动部件的油水混合装置 |
JP6225931B2 (ja) * | 2015-02-20 | 2017-11-08 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の冷却装置 |
JP6898261B2 (ja) * | 2017-01-17 | 2021-07-07 | ニチモウ株式会社 | 混合装置 |
CN115178122B (zh) * | 2022-07-21 | 2024-02-06 | 四川大学 | 一种用超浸润材料快速乳化的方法 |
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Also Published As
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JP5216295B2 (ja) | 2013-06-19 |
JP2009090191A (ja) | 2009-04-30 |
US8932714B2 (en) | 2015-01-13 |
CN101815572A (zh) | 2010-08-25 |
US20110135933A1 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
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