WO2009019327A1 - Container carrier vehicle - Google Patents

Container carrier vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009019327A1
WO2009019327A1 PCT/FR2007/052492 FR2007052492W WO2009019327A1 WO 2009019327 A1 WO2009019327 A1 WO 2009019327A1 FR 2007052492 W FR2007052492 W FR 2007052492W WO 2009019327 A1 WO2009019327 A1 WO 2009019327A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
container
vehicle
longitudinal
stops
containers
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2007/052492
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Christophe Gaussin
Original Assignee
Christophe Gaussin
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Christophe Gaussin filed Critical Christophe Gaussin
Publication of WO2009019327A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009019327A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B62D21/02—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted comprising longitudinally or transversely arranged frame members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
    • B60P1/00—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading
    • B60P1/64—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading the load supporting or containing element being readily removable
    • B60P1/6418—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading the load supporting or containing element being readily removable the load-transporting element being a container or similar
    • B60P1/6481—Specially adapted for carrying different numbers of container or containers of different sizes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a container vehicle comprising rolling means, a chassis comprising a bearing surface for receiving one or more containers, and means for positioning the container or containers comprising transverse centering stops and longitudinal stops.
  • the present invention is in the field of container handling at the level of port, airport, rail, road or mixed facilities.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a vehicle, in the form of a self-propelled vehicle, or to a trailer adapted to be coupled to a towing vehicle, this vehicle being designed capable of receiving one or more standardized maritime type containers, served by loading means such as crane or bridge cranes called spreaders, or by lifting gear such as forklifts, or special harbor gear.
  • Ship unloading is done with cranes, which now have muffler lifters, called spreaders, capable of taking several containers at a time, either lined up, or in parallel, or in several rows of aligned containers.
  • muffler lifters called spreaders
  • these spreaders Due to the lack of suitable reception means, these spreaders generally deposit containers on the ground.
  • the containers are taken up by cranes or spreaders for two containers aligned along their length, to be redeposited on a trailer Classic designed for a 40-foot container, or for two 20-foot containers.
  • Containers are generally seized in their upper part by the handling equipment, and deposited, as soon as possible, on the means of reception constituted by towed trailers, wagons, or self-propelled, which will transport them to their place of residence. subsequent use. Handling on the ports is usually done by trailer trains.
  • each container or each group of containers, must be as fast as possible.
  • a handler after having made his positioning approach, to release a container before it is entirely based on its means of reception.
  • Such a drop can be done, for example, 20 centimeters above the reception area.
  • the maneuver is very fast, it is just as well, conversely, that the removal is done with a vertical downward thrust, or even oblique, under the effect of the weight and inertia of the handling equipment .
  • the invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art by providing a vehicle, including a trailer, designed and calculated to support the pulses resulting from the brutal maneuvers of the handler, while ensuring good positioning and good centering each charge.
  • the vehicle according to the invention is designed to receive several containers.
  • the invention relates to a container-carrying vehicle comprising rolling means, a chassis comprising a bearing surface for receiving one or more containers, and means for positioning the container or containers comprising abutments.
  • transverse centering and longitudinal stops characterized in that said longitudinal stops are composed on the one hand by at least one fixed longitudinal stop, and on the other hand by at least one retractable longitudinal stop pivotally mounted about an axis parallel to said bearing surface and designed to project above said bearing surface (8) under the effect of its own weight, and to remain retracted under said bearing surface under the effect of the weight of a container applying on its upper end.
  • said vehicle is a self-propelled vehicle.
  • said vehicle is a trailer.
  • the vehicle according to the invention is designed in a cost-saving manner, both in its implementation using a standardization of components pushed to the maximum, that in its operation, said vehicle is also designed as light as possible to save money. traction and braking energy.
  • the vehicle according to the invention is distinguished by a very reduced arrow in load, with respect to its length.
  • the vehicle according to the invention is made in twin form, that is to say for the carriage of two containers aligned in the direction of their length.
  • the vehicle according to the invention is versatile to allow the carriage of containers of different dimensions, including 20, 40 or 45 feet.
  • this vehicle according to the invention makes it possible to combine the loading by forklifts, that is to say laterally or from above, and / or by spreaders, and in this case only from above.
  • the design of the vehicle according to the invention imposes an arrow limit value during loading operations, in particular by spreader.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically and in perspective view from above, a vehicle according to the invention, in the form of a trailer in a first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically and in perspective view from below, the trailer of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows, schematically and in perspective, a retractable stop of a vehicle according to the invention in its equilibrium position
  • FIG. 4 shows the retractable stop of Figure 3, in a first position said under load under the influence of a substantially vertical support force F;
  • FIG. 5 shows, schematically and in section, the retractable stop of Figure 3, in a second position called equilibrium;
  • FIG. 6 shows schematically and in perspective view from above, a vehicle according to the invention, in the form of a self-propelled;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic and perspective view from above of a vehicle according to the invention, in the form of a trailer in a second embodiment.
  • the invention relates to a vehicle 1 container ship.
  • the invention relates to the field of container handling, at the level of port, airport, rail, road or mixed facilities.
  • the vehicle 1 comprises rolling means 2. Traditionally these consist of at least one axle 22 equipped with wheels.
  • the vehicle 1 is designed in the form of a trailer 3, as visible in FIGS. 1, 2 and 7.
  • This trailer 3 is intended to be coupled to a towing vehicle, by means of means hitch 4.
  • These can consist, as shown in Figure 2, a boss designed to cooperate with the harness of a motorized tractor vehicle, or a drawbar or hook designed to cooperate with another trailer, in a train of trailers.
  • the coupling means 4 may, as shown in FIG. 7, be constituted by drawbars, hooks or Similar.
  • the vehicle 1 according to the invention may, advantageously, be equipped with coupling means 4 at each of its ends, so as to be integrated in a vehicle train.
  • the trailer 3 also preferably comprises, in a first embodiment as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, where the rolling means are grouped together at one end of the trailer 3, ground support means 5 at the other end, especially in the form of one or more crutches.
  • These ground support means 4 can be retractable, in particular vertically as visible in Figures 1 and 2, and / or in rotation for their folding under the trailer 3.
  • the trailer 3 comprises rolling means 2 at each of its ends.
  • the vehicle 1 is a self-propelled vehicle 6, as can be seen in FIG. 6. It then comprises drive means 7.
  • the self-propelled vehicle 6 is piloted by a driver, it comprises a cabin driving. Note that such a self-propelled 6 can also be automated or remotely controlled, in a version not shown in the figures.
  • the vehicle 1 is designed to receive a payload constituted by one or more containers at a bearing surface 8.
  • the positioning of the containers is provided by positioning means 9.
  • this support surface 8 is flat.
  • the vehicle 1 comprises a frame 10, an upper surface of which defines the bearing surface 8 of the containers.
  • the positioning means 9 of the container or containers comprise transverse centering stops 14 and longitudinal stops.
  • the frame 10 comprises arms 13 provided with slopes constituting transverse centering abutments 14, in the form of a vee, containers on the bearing surface 8. These arms 13 are spaced from one another.
  • These arms 13 are advantageously made in box structures. Preferably their profile is closed and rectangular, and the faces are of the same thickness.
  • the longitudinal stops used for positioning and holding the containers, are composed on the one hand by at least one fixed longitudinal abutment 15, and on the other hand by at least one retractable longitudinal abutment 16.
  • Fixed longitudinal abutments 15 are preferably arranged at the opposite ends of the vehicle 1, in the longitudinal direction of the frame 10 along a longitudinal axis A. They comprise bearing faces facing each other and forming a vee, at a distance between them which corresponds to the largest container size acceptable by the vehicle 1, for example that of a 45-foot container.
  • Each retractable longitudinal stop 16 is pivotally mounted about an axis 17, which is parallel to the bearing surface 8.
  • Each retractable longitudinal stop 16 is designed to protrude above the bearing surface 8 under the effect of its own weight, and to remain retracted under the bearing surface 8 under the effect of the weight of a container applying on its upper end 22.
  • each retractable abutment 16 is pivotally mounted about an axis 17 in a so-called box structure 18. This box 18 is easy to prefabricate, and is designed to fit into the U-shaped profile that forms the side d a spar 11.
  • the retractable stop 16 is held in a first position under load, when a substantially vertical force F is applied to its upper end 22, especially if the floor of a container is to cover it.
  • the retractable stop 16 is then retracted under the bearing surface 8, which is intended to receive the container.
  • the retractable stop 16 occupies, in the absence of vertical force on the upper end 22, a second so-called equilibrium position.
  • the upper end 22 of the retractable abutment 16 then protrudes above the bearing surface 8 under the effect of the own weight of the retractable abutment 16.
  • a bearing face 20 that comprises the retractable stop cooperates with a complementary bearing face 21 that includes the box 18.
  • the stop 16 can oppose a substantially horizontal force G coming to apply on a face 19, substantially vertical that includes the retractable stop 16.
  • the retractable abutment 16 protrudes above the bearing surface of the frame 10, in this second equilibrium position, either inside a housing that includes a container, or at one end thereof . It will be understood that when a container is positioned between a first fixed longitudinal abutment 15 and a retractable abutment 16 in this second equilibrium position, any horizontal movement of the container results in a horizontal force G on the face 19, to which opposes the cooperation of the bearing faces 20 and 21. The container is thus perfectly maintained in position during its transport.
  • the same box 18 is used to serve as a support structure for other devices that may comprise the vehicle 1 according to the invention, and in particular one or more crutches suitable for constituting support means. on the ground 5.
  • the design of the arms 13 and abutments 14, 15 and 16 is made for an optimal distribution of the supports on the sheet structure which is preferably that of the frame 10.
  • the retractable stops 16 are 3 pairs of 2, arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis A of the vehicle 1, in order to be able to position two 20-foot containers apart, or, only one container of 40 or 45 feet. It is clear that the implantation of a greater number of retractable stops 16 is possible, insofar as these stops remain retracted under the bearing surface 8 of the chassis 10 if they are covered by a solid zone of a container.
  • the longitudinal and transverse spacing of the abutments 14, 15, 16, and arms 13 is calculated so that these container fittings face an empty area of the vehicle 1, without the possibility of interference with one of the arms 13 or a retractable abutment 16.
  • the arms 13 are therefore arranged longitudinally, along the longitudinal axis A of the frame 10, relative to the fixed longitudinal abutments 15, at distances calculated to avoid any interference between, on the one hand, the standard container fittings of different formats positioned in abutment. on said longitudinal stops 15, and on the other hand said arms 13.
  • the retractable stops 16 are, for their part, arranged transversely, at a distance from the longitudinal axis A which is calculated not to interfere with standard container fittings, the positions and spacings of which are also standardized, resting on the transverse centering stops 14.
  • the arms 13 are in excess of the frame 10.
  • the dimension of the abutment of the stops relative to the frame 10 is calculated to allow the smooth passage of containers.
  • the vehicle 1 is designed to receive one or two containers, and in particular is a 40-foot container, a 45-foot container, or two 20-foot containers aligned.
  • the particular design of the frame 10 according to the invention makes it possible to limit, at a given value, its deflection during loading operations, in particular by spreading, as well as in static mode.
  • the frame 10 comprises a structure ladder center, constructed around at least two longitudinal parallel members 11, HA and HB.
  • the design of these longitudinal members 11 and of the frame 10 is optimized in order to save raw materials, both in minimizing the varieties and thicknesses of sheets used, and also in the reuse of cutting scrap. in the smaller subsets.
  • This design favors welds in length, easier to robotize. The cost of welding is then particularly low.
  • Each spar 11 adopts a special shape profile close to an I.
  • the profile chosen for the spar 11 differs from the profiles of the trade, in that its wings are voluntarily finer, in proportion, than those of the standardized profiles.
  • the sizing calculation in particular the height of the profile, that is to say of the central part of the I, is executed so as to use the same sheet thickness for the core as for the wings.
  • this thickness is judiciously chosen so as to optimize, by reducing it, the weight of the assembly, and to simplify the material supply.
  • the design of the HA and EL beams is important because they together determine about 50% of the weight of the vehicle 1.
  • a sheet constitutes a lower flange of the I, forming a box around each spar 11.
  • this sheet is of a thickness of 12 mm.
  • the profile of the longitudinal members 11 is calculated so as to protect energy storage means, such as fuel tanks, or batteries, or other.
  • the longitudinal members 11 are joined, to form the ladder structure of the frame 10, by transverse crosspieces 12, whose sheet thicknesses are calculated according to the same principle as for the longitudinal members 11.
  • these cross members 12 are boxed, and in particular with a rectangular closed profile.
  • all the faces are of the same thickness.
  • Such a box structure provides good rigidity. It also offers the advantage of saving surface treatment, especially paint.
  • Another advantageous embodiment consists of a realization of I-shaped cross members 12 as the longitudinal members.
  • the design of the frame 10 is thus particularly rigid. This ensures a low sag under effort, which is particularly important if, for example, two 20-foot containers are to be transported side by side. Indeed, these two containers should not form an angle between them, which would make it impossible to recover all of the two containers, in a single operation, by a handling means such as a spreader.
  • the chassis 10 can still, if the vehicle 1 is designed for particularly high loads, be closed by one or more sheets joining the longitudinal members 11 to form a U-shaped box, or a closed box.
  • a towing vehicle comprises, at the level of the frame 10, a lower protective fairing for the docking maneuver, which provides a high rigidity to this area highly stressed.
  • the height of the fifth wheel relative to the ground corresponds to the port standard of 1250 mm.
  • the frame 10 advantageously comprises, in a similar manner, one or more plates forming fairing and strengthening of the implantation area. coupling means 4.
  • All the crosspieces 12 perpendicular to the longitudinal members 11 advantageously comprise, at their connection with the latter, chamfers to allow the passage of tubes protecting the servitudes.
  • these tubes Preferably, these tubes have a diameter of 50 mm. All of these design principles makes it possible, compared to conventional vehicles built in standard commercial profiles, for the same carrying capacity, a weight gain of about 40%, which is considerable, and allows significant fuel economy.
  • the vehicle 1 is a trailer 3
  • its rolling means 2 are constituted by a single carrier axle 23, sized to accept half maximum load, the other half being taken up by the fifth wheel of the towing vehicle.
  • the mono-axle configuration has the advantage of avoiding any shifting, and hence any degradation of the ground and / or tires, and also to prevent any twisting of the frame 10.
  • the economy constituted by the presence of a single axle carrier 23 is, again, particularly appreciable.
  • the vehicle 1 according to the invention is advantageously equipped with at least one impact damping device.
  • This damping device can equip both the arms 13 for receiving the containers, the rolling means 2, in particular the carrier axle 23. It is naturally possible to combine damping devices on both the arms 13 and the axle. carrier 23.
  • the carrier axle 23 especially in the form of a complete damping axle, which can advantageously be sold independently to equip existing vehicles, it is possible to choose anti-vibration devices such as those used for tools or rotating machines, or rail-type buffer stops, which are then interposed between the structure carrier of the axle 23 or the arm 13 on the one hand, and the chassis 10 on the other hand.
  • anti-vibration devices such as those used for tools or rotating machines, or rail-type buffer stops, which are then interposed between the structure carrier of the axle 23 or the arm 13 on the one hand, and the chassis 10 on the other hand.
  • Rubber-based technologies have good strength at an acceptable cost.
  • the vehicle 1 according to the invention may, again, be adapted for road use, and incorporate the lighting circuits, signaling, braking, regulatory.
  • the design of the frame 10 includes all the reservations useful for the passage of hydraulic fluids, pneumatic, or electric.
  • the road adaptation is interesting because of the low empty tare of the vehicle 1 according to the invention.
  • a port use of a road trailer is almost impossible, because of a strong arrow, for example 60 to 70 mm, which is frequent on road trailers because the arrow does not matter for road use.
  • a harbor trailer it is advisable to seek, in all circumstances, the best horizontality of the zone of reception of the load, in order to distribute this one as well as possible over the whole structure, that this load is static or dynamic .
  • the frame 10 of the vehicle 1 comprises receiving means comprises, in the spaces between the crosspieces 12, large volumes allowing the personalization of the vehicle for a particular use.
  • the construction of the central ladder structure makes it particularly easy to install, in the lower part of this frame 12 under the longitudinal members 11, receiving means designed to allow the mounting of other devices.
  • the vehicle 1 allows the loading and easy unloading by a spreader of two aligned containers. It also allows the recovery of empty containers by forklifts, laterally.
  • the spacing of the arms 13 and their relative relative positioning with respect to the standardized forklift guides for the marine containers allow the access of an elevator as close as possible to the central structure in the frame of the frame 10, and thus a grip in the best conditions.
  • the vehicle 1 is lightweight and its cost of implementation is particularly economical, despite its design designed to withstand harsh operating conditions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a container carrier vehicle (1) comprising running means (2), a chassis (10) comprising a support surface (8) to accept one or more containers, and positioning means (9) for positioning said container or containers and comprising transverse centring stops (14) and longitudinal stops. It is characterized in that said longitudinal stops are made up, on the one hand, of at least one fixed longitudinal stop (15) and, on the other hand, of at least one retractable longitudinal stop (16) pivot mounted about an axis (17) parallel to said support surface (8) and designed to be able to project above said support surface (8) under the effect of its own weight, and to remain retracted under said support surface (8) under the effect of the weight of a container pressing down upon its upper end.

Description

VEHICULE PORTE-CONTENEURS.VEHICLE CONTAINER HOLDER.
L'invention concerne un véhicule porte-conteneurs comportant des moyens de roulement, un châssis comportant une surface d'appui pour la réception d'un ou plusieurs conteneurs, et des moyens de positionnement du ou desdits conteneurs comportant des butées de centrage transversal et des butées longitudinales .The invention relates to a container vehicle comprising rolling means, a chassis comprising a bearing surface for receiving one or more containers, and means for positioning the container or containers comprising transverse centering stops and longitudinal stops.
La présente invention entre dans le domaine de la manutention de conteneurs, au niveau d'installations portuaires, aéroportuaires , ferroviaires , routières ou mixtes .The present invention is in the field of container handling at the level of port, airport, rail, road or mixed facilities.
L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un véhicule, sous la forme d'un automoteur, ou d'une remorque apte à être attelée à un véhicule tracteur, ce véhicule étant conçu apte à recevoir un ou plusieurs conteneurs de type maritime standardisé, servis par des moyens de chargement tel que palonniers de grue ou de pont appelés spreaders , ou encore par des engins de levage tels que chariots élévateurs , ou engins spéciaux portuaires .The invention relates more particularly to a vehicle, in the form of a self-propelled vehicle, or to a trailer adapted to be coupled to a towing vehicle, this vehicle being designed capable of receiving one or more standardized maritime type containers, served by loading means such as crane or bridge cranes called spreaders, or by lifting gear such as forklifts, or special harbor gear.
L'immobilisation d'un navire au quai est très coûteuse, et tout est mis en œuvre, dans les grands ports, pour réduire au minimum les opérations de déchargement et de chargement.The immobilization of a ship at the wharf is very expensive, and everything is done in the major ports to minimize unloading and loading.
Le déchargement des navires s'effectue avec des grues, qui ont maintenant des palonniers moufles , dit spreaders , capables de prendre plusieurs conteneurs à la fois, soit alignés, soit en parallèle, soit encore en plusieurs rangées de conteneurs alignés .Ship unloading is done with cranes, which now have muffler lifters, called spreaders, capable of taking several containers at a time, either lined up, or in parallel, or in several rows of aligned containers.
Faute de moyens de réception adaptés, ces spreaders déposent en général les conteneurs au sol . Les conteneurs sont repris par des grues ou par des spreaders pour deux conteneurs alignés selon leur longueur, pour être redéposés sur une remorque classique conçue pour un conteneur de 40 pieds, ou pour deux conteneurs de 20 pieds.Due to the lack of suitable reception means, these spreaders generally deposit containers on the ground. The containers are taken up by cranes or spreaders for two containers aligned along their length, to be redeposited on a trailer Classic designed for a 40-foot container, or for two 20-foot containers.
Les conteneurs sont généralement saisis dans leur partie supérieure par les engins de manutention, et déposés, le plus rapidement possible, sur les moyens de réception constitués par des remorques tractées , des wagons , ou encore des automoteurs , qui les transporteront sur leur lieu d' utilisation ultérieur. La manutention sur les ports se fait généralement par trains de remorques.Containers are generally seized in their upper part by the handling equipment, and deposited, as soon as possible, on the means of reception constituted by towed trailers, wagons, or self-propelled, which will transport them to their place of residence. subsequent use. Handling on the ports is usually done by trailer trains.
La dépose de chaque conteneur, ou de chaque groupe de conteneurs, doit donc être la plus rapide possible. Dans un but de productivité, il n'est pas rare qu'un manutentionnaire, après avoir effectué son approche de positionnement, vienne à lâcher un conteneur avant que celui-ci ne repose entièrement sur son moyen de réception. Un tel largage peut être fait, par exemple, à 20 centimètres au-dessus de la zone de réception. La manœuvre étant très rapide, il se peut tout aussi bien, à l'inverse, que la dépose se fasse avec une poussée descendante verticale, ou même oblique, sous l'effet du poids et de l'inertie de l'engin de manutention. En particulier, il convient de considérer le cas où la masse du spreader vient, momentanément, s'ajouter à celle du ou des conteneurs qu'il dépose .The removal of each container, or each group of containers, must be as fast as possible. For the sake of productivity, it is not uncommon for a handler, after having made his positioning approach, to release a container before it is entirely based on its means of reception. Such a drop can be done, for example, 20 centimeters above the reception area. The maneuver is very fast, it is just as well, conversely, that the removal is done with a vertical downward thrust, or even oblique, under the effect of the weight and inertia of the handling equipment . In particular, it is appropriate to consider the case where the mass of the spreader is momentarily added to that of the container or containers it deposits.
On comprend que les véhicules , notamment remorques , portuaires souffrent beaucoup de tels traitements , qui abrègent leur durée de vie .We understand that vehicles, including trailers, ports suffer much from such treatments, which shorten their life.
L'invention a pour but de pallier les inconvénients de l'état de la technique en proposant un véhicule , notamment une remorque, conçu et calculé pour supporter les impulsions consécutives aux manœuvres brutales du manutentionnaire, tout en assurant un bon positionnement et un bon centrage de chaque charge . De façon préférée, le véhicule selon l'invention est conçu de façon à recevoir plusieurs conteneurs .The invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art by providing a vehicle, including a trailer, designed and calculated to support the pulses resulting from the brutal maneuvers of the handler, while ensuring good positioning and good centering each charge. Preferably, the vehicle according to the invention is designed to receive several containers.
A cet effet, l'invention concerne un véhicule porte-conteneurs comportant des moyens de roulement, un châssis comportant une surface d'appui pour la réception d'un ou plusieurs conteneurs, et des moyens de positionnement du ou desdits conteneurs comportant des butées de centrage transversal et des butées longitudinales, caractérisé par le fait que lesdites butées longitudinales sont composées d'une part par au moins une butée longitudinale fixe , et d' autre part par au moins une butée longitudinale escamotable montée pivotante autour d'un axe parallèle à ladite surface d'appui et conçue apte à saillir au- dessus de ladite surface d'appui (8) sous l'effet de son propre poids , et à demeurer escamotée sous ladite surface d' appui sous l'effet du poids d'un conteneur s 'appliquant sur son extrémité supérieure .For this purpose, the invention relates to a container-carrying vehicle comprising rolling means, a chassis comprising a bearing surface for receiving one or more containers, and means for positioning the container or containers comprising abutments. transverse centering and longitudinal stops, characterized in that said longitudinal stops are composed on the one hand by at least one fixed longitudinal stop, and on the other hand by at least one retractable longitudinal stop pivotally mounted about an axis parallel to said bearing surface and designed to project above said bearing surface (8) under the effect of its own weight, and to remain retracted under said bearing surface under the effect of the weight of a container applying on its upper end.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, ledit véhicule est un automoteur .According to one characteristic of the invention, said vehicle is a self-propelled vehicle.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, ledit véhicule est une remorque.According to another characteristic of the invention, said vehicle is a trailer.
Le véhicule selon l'invention est conçu dans une optique d'économie, à la fois dans sa réalisation faisant appel à une standardisation de composants poussée au maximum, que dans son exploitation, ledit véhicule étant également conçu le plus léger possible pour économiser l'énergie de traction et de freinage .The vehicle according to the invention is designed in a cost-saving manner, both in its implementation using a standardization of components pushed to the maximum, that in its operation, said vehicle is also designed as light as possible to save money. traction and braking energy.
Par rapport à l'art antérieur, le véhicule selon l'invention se distingue par une flèche très réduite en charge, par rapport à sa longueur. De façon préférée, le véhicule selon l'invention est réalisé sous forme twin, c'est-à-dire pour l'emport de deux conteneurs alignés dans le sens de leur longueur.Compared to the prior art, the vehicle according to the invention is distinguished by a very reduced arrow in load, with respect to its length. Preferably, the vehicle according to the invention is made in twin form, that is to say for the carriage of two containers aligned in the direction of their length.
Le véhicule selon l'invention est polyvalent pour permettre l'emport de conteneurs de dimensions différentes, notamment 20, 40 ou 45 pieds.The vehicle according to the invention is versatile to allow the carriage of containers of different dimensions, including 20, 40 or 45 feet.
L'utilisation de ce véhicule selon l'invention permet de combiner le chargement par chariots élévateurs, c'est-à-dire latéralement ou par le dessus, ou/et par spreaders, et dans ce cas uniquement par le dessus .The use of this vehicle according to the invention makes it possible to combine the loading by forklifts, that is to say laterally or from above, and / or by spreaders, and in this case only from above.
La conception du véhicule selon l'invention impose une valeur limite de flèche lors des opérations de chargement, notamment par spreader .The design of the vehicle according to the invention imposes an arrow limit value during loading operations, in particular by spreader.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description détaillée qui va suivre des modes de réalisation non limitatifs de l'invention, en référence aux figures annexées dans lesquelles :Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments of the invention, with reference to the appended figures in which:
- la figure 1 représente de façon schématisée et en perspective vue de dessus, un véhicule selon l'invention, sous la forme d'une remorque dans un premier mode de réalisation;- Figure 1 shows schematically and in perspective view from above, a vehicle according to the invention, in the form of a trailer in a first embodiment;
- la figure 2 représente de façon schématisée et en perspective vue de dessous , la remorque de la figure 1 ;- Figure 2 shows schematically and in perspective view from below, the trailer of Figure 1;
- la figure 3 représente, de façon schématisée et en perspective, une butée escamotable d'un véhicule selon l'invention, dans sa position d'équilibre;- Figure 3 shows, schematically and in perspective, a retractable stop of a vehicle according to the invention in its equilibrium position;
- la figure 4 représente la butée escamotable de la figure 3 , dans une première position dite sous charge sous l'impulsion d'un effort d'appui F sensiblement vertical; - la figure 5 représente, de façon schématisée et en coupe, la butée escamotable de la figure 3 , dans une seconde position dite d'équilibre ;- Figure 4 shows the retractable stop of Figure 3, in a first position said under load under the influence of a substantially vertical support force F; - Figure 5 shows, schematically and in section, the retractable stop of Figure 3, in a second position called equilibrium;
- la figure 6 représente de façon schématisée et en perspective vue de dessus, un véhicule selon l'invention, sous la forme d'un automoteur ;- Figure 6 shows schematically and in perspective view from above, a vehicle according to the invention, in the form of a self-propelled;
- la figure 7 représente de façon schématisée et en perspective vue de dessus, un véhicule selon l'invention, sous la forme d'une remorque dans un second mode de réalisationFIG. 7 is a schematic and perspective view from above of a vehicle according to the invention, in the form of a trailer in a second embodiment.
L'invention concerne un véhicule 1 porte-conteneurs .The invention relates to a vehicle 1 container ship.
L'invention concerne le domaine de la manutention de conteneurs , au niveau d' installations portuaires , aéroportuaires , ferroviaires , routières ou mixtes .The invention relates to the field of container handling, at the level of port, airport, rail, road or mixed facilities.
Des modes de réalisation préférés de l ' invention sont illustrés sur les figures .Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the figures.
Le véhicule 1 comporte des moyens de roulement 2. Classiquement ceux-ci sont constitués d' au moins un essieu 22 équipé de roues .The vehicle 1 comprises rolling means 2. Traditionally these consist of at least one axle 22 equipped with wheels.
Dans une application préférée , le véhicule 1 est conçu sous la forme d'une remorque 3, tel que visible sur les figures 1, 2 et 7. Cette remorque 3 est destinée à être attelée à un véhicule tracteur, par l'intermédiaire de moyens d'attelage 4. Ces derniers peuvent consister, tel que visible sur la figure 2, en un bossage conçu apte à coopérer avec la sellette d'un véhicule tracteur motorisé , ou en un timon ou crochet conçu apte à coopérer avec une autre remorque, au sein d'un train de remorques. Les moyens d'attelage 4 peuvent encore, tel que visible sur la figure 7, être constitués de timons, crochets ou similaires. Le véhicule 1 selon l'invention peut, avantageusement, être équipé de moyens d'attelage 4 à chacune de ses extrémités , de façon à pouvoir être intégré dans un train de véhicules .In a preferred application, the vehicle 1 is designed in the form of a trailer 3, as visible in FIGS. 1, 2 and 7. This trailer 3 is intended to be coupled to a towing vehicle, by means of means hitch 4. These can consist, as shown in Figure 2, a boss designed to cooperate with the harness of a motorized tractor vehicle, or a drawbar or hook designed to cooperate with another trailer, in a train of trailers. The coupling means 4 may, as shown in FIG. 7, be constituted by drawbars, hooks or Similar. The vehicle 1 according to the invention may, advantageously, be equipped with coupling means 4 at each of its ends, so as to be integrated in a vehicle train.
La remorque 3 comporte encore, de préférence, dans un premier mode de réalisation tel que visible sur les figures 1 et 2 où les moyens de roulement sont regroupés à une extrémité de la remorque 3, des moyens d'appui au sol 5 à l'autre extrémité, notamment sous la forme d'une ou plusieurs béquilles. Ces moyens d'appui au sol 4 peuvent être rétractables, notamment verticalement tel que visible sur les figures 1 et 2 , ou/et en rotation pour leur repliement sous la remorque 3.The trailer 3 also preferably comprises, in a first embodiment as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, where the rolling means are grouped together at one end of the trailer 3, ground support means 5 at the other end, especially in the form of one or more crutches. These ground support means 4 can be retractable, in particular vertically as visible in Figures 1 and 2, and / or in rotation for their folding under the trailer 3.
Dans un second mode de réalisation, tel que visible sur la figure 7 , la remorque 3 comporte des moyens de roulement 2 à chacune de ses extrémités .In a second embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, the trailer 3 comprises rolling means 2 at each of its ends.
Dans une autre réalisation le véhicule 1 est un automoteur 6, tel que visible sur la figure 6. Il comporte alors des moyens d' entrainement 7. Dans un mode de réalisation où l'automoteur 6 est piloté par un conducteur, il comporte une cabine de conduite. On notera qu'un tel automoteur 6 peut aussi être automatisé ou télécommandé, dans une version non représentée sur les figures .In another embodiment the vehicle 1 is a self-propelled vehicle 6, as can be seen in FIG. 6. It then comprises drive means 7. In an embodiment where the self-propelled vehicle 6 is piloted by a driver, it comprises a cabin driving. Note that such a self-propelled 6 can also be automated or remotely controlled, in a version not shown in the figures.
Le véhicule 1 est conçu pour recevoir une charge utile constituée par un ou plusieurs conteneurs au niveau d'une surface d'appui 8. Le positionnement des conteneurs est assuré par des moyens de positionnement 9. Dans une application préférée, cette surface d'appui 8 est plane.The vehicle 1 is designed to receive a payload constituted by one or more containers at a bearing surface 8. The positioning of the containers is provided by positioning means 9. In a preferred application, this support surface 8 is flat.
Le véhicule 1 comporte un châssis 10, dont une surface supérieure définit la surface d' appui 8 des conteneurs .The vehicle 1 comprises a frame 10, an upper surface of which defines the bearing surface 8 of the containers.
Les moyens de positionnement 9 du ou des conteneurs comportent des butées de centrage transversal 14 et des butées longitudinales .The positioning means 9 of the container or containers comprise transverse centering stops 14 and longitudinal stops.
Le châssis 10 comporte des bras 13 munis de pentes constituant des butées de centrage transversal 14, sous forme d'un vé, des conteneurs sur la surface d' appui 8. Ces bras 13 sont espacés 1 ' un de l ' autre .The frame 10 comprises arms 13 provided with slopes constituting transverse centering abutments 14, in the form of a vee, containers on the bearing surface 8. These arms 13 are spaced from one another.
Ces bras 13 sont avantageusement réalisés en structures caissonnées. De préférence leur profil est fermé et rectangulaire, et les faces sont de même épaisseur.These arms 13 are advantageously made in box structures. Preferably their profile is closed and rectangular, and the faces are of the same thickness.
Selon l'invention, les butées longitudinales, utilisées pour le positionnement et le maintien des conteneurs, sont composées d'une part par au moins une butée longitudinale fixe 15, et d'autre part par au moins une butée longitudinale escamotable 16.According to the invention, the longitudinal stops, used for positioning and holding the containers, are composed on the one hand by at least one fixed longitudinal abutment 15, and on the other hand by at least one retractable longitudinal abutment 16.
Des butées longitudinales fixes 15 sont disposées de préférence aux extrémités opposées du véhicule 1, dans le sens longitudinal du châssis 10 selon un axe longitudinal A. Elles comportent des faces d'appui se faisant face et formant un vé, à une distance entre elles qui correspond au plus grand format de conteneur admissible par le véhicule 1, par exemple celui d'un conteneur de 45 pieds.Fixed longitudinal abutments 15 are preferably arranged at the opposite ends of the vehicle 1, in the longitudinal direction of the frame 10 along a longitudinal axis A. They comprise bearing faces facing each other and forming a vee, at a distance between them which corresponds to the largest container size acceptable by the vehicle 1, for example that of a 45-foot container.
Chaque butée longitudinale escamotable 16 est montée pivotante autour d'un axe 17, qui est parallèle à la surface d'appui 8. Chaque butée longitudinale escamotable 16 est conçue apte à saillir au-dessus de la surface d'appui 8 sous l'effet de son propre poids, et à demeurer escamotée sous la surface d'appui 8 sous l'effet du poids d'un conteneur s' appliquant sur son extrémité supérieure 22.Each retractable longitudinal stop 16 is pivotally mounted about an axis 17, which is parallel to the bearing surface 8. Each retractable longitudinal stop 16 is designed to protrude above the bearing surface 8 under the effect of its own weight, and to remain retracted under the bearing surface 8 under the effect of the weight of a container applying on its upper end 22.
Les butées longitudinales escamotables 16 sont, dans une application préférée, tel que visible sur les figures 3 à 5, escamotables par gravité. Dans une réalisation préférée, chaque butée escamotable 16 est montée pivotante autour d'un axe 17 dans une structure dite boite 18. Cette boite 18 est facile à préfabriquer, et est conçue pour s'encastrer dans le profil en U que forme le côté d'un longeron 11.The retractable longitudinal stops 16 are, in a preferred application, as can be seen in FIGS. 3 to 5, retractable by gravity. In a preferred embodiment, each retractable abutment 16 is pivotally mounted about an axis 17 in a so-called box structure 18. This box 18 is easy to prefabricate, and is designed to fit into the U-shaped profile that forms the side d a spar 11.
Tel que visible sur la figure 4, la butée escamotable 16 est maintenue dans une première position dite sous charge, quand un effort F sensiblement vertical est appliqué à son extrémité supérieure 22, en particulier si le plancher d'un conteneur vient à la recouvrir. La butée escamotable 16 est alors escamotée sous la surface d'appui 8, qui est destinée à recevoir le conteneur .As shown in Figure 4, the retractable stop 16 is held in a first position under load, when a substantially vertical force F is applied to its upper end 22, especially if the floor of a container is to cover it. The retractable stop 16 is then retracted under the bearing surface 8, which is intended to receive the container.
Tel que visible sur la figure 5, la butée escamotable 16 occupe, en l'absence d'effort vertical sur l'extrémité supérieure 22, une seconde position dite d'équilibre. L'extrémité supérieure 22 de la butée escamotable 16 vient alors saillir au-dessus de la surface d'appui 8 sous l'effet du propre poids de la butée escamotable 16. Dans cette seconde position d'équilibre, une face d'appui 20 que comporte la butée escamotable vient coopérer avec une face d' appui complémentaire 21 que comporte la boite 18. Ainsi, la butée 16 peut s'opposer à un effort sensiblement horizontal G venant s'appliquer sur une face 19, sensiblement verticale que comporte la butée escamotable 16.As visible in Figure 5, the retractable stop 16 occupies, in the absence of vertical force on the upper end 22, a second so-called equilibrium position. The upper end 22 of the retractable abutment 16 then protrudes above the bearing surface 8 under the effect of the own weight of the retractable abutment 16. In this second equilibrium position, a bearing face 20 that comprises the retractable stop cooperates with a complementary bearing face 21 that includes the box 18. Thus, the stop 16 can oppose a substantially horizontal force G coming to apply on a face 19, substantially vertical that includes the retractable stop 16.
La butée escamotable 16 vient en saillie au-dessus de la surface d'appui du châssis 10, dans cette seconde position d'équilibre, soit à l'intérieur d'un logement que comporte un conteneur, soit à une extrémité de celui-ci. On comprend que, quand un conteneur est positionné entre une première butée longitudinale fixe 15 et une butée escamotable 16 dans cette seconde position d'équilibre, tout mouvement horizontal du conteneur se traduit par un effort horizontal G sur la face 19, auquel s'oppose la coopération des faces d'appui 20 et 21. Le conteneur est donc parfaitement maintenu en position pendant son transport.The retractable abutment 16 protrudes above the bearing surface of the frame 10, in this second equilibrium position, either inside a housing that includes a container, or at one end thereof . It will be understood that when a container is positioned between a first fixed longitudinal abutment 15 and a retractable abutment 16 in this second equilibrium position, any horizontal movement of the container results in a horizontal force G on the face 19, to which opposes the cooperation of the bearing faces 20 and 21. The container is thus perfectly maintained in position during its transport.
Avantageusement, dans une optique de standardisation, la même boite 18 est utilisée pour servir de structure porteuse à d'autres dispositifs que peut comporter le véhicule 1 selon l'invention, et en particulier une ou des béquilles aptes à constituer des moyens d'appui au sol 5.Advantageously, for purposes of standardization, the same box 18 is used to serve as a support structure for other devices that may comprise the vehicle 1 according to the invention, and in particular one or more crutches suitable for constituting support means. on the ground 5.
La conception des bras 13, et des butées 14, 15 et 16, est faite pour une répartition optimale des appuis sur la structure tôlée qui est, de préférence, celle du châssis 10.The design of the arms 13 and abutments 14, 15 and 16 is made for an optimal distribution of the supports on the sheet structure which is preferably that of the frame 10.
De façon préférée, les butées escamotables 16 sont au nombre de 3 paires de 2, disposées symétriquement par rapport à l'axe longitudinal A du véhicule 1, afin de pouvoir positionner de façon écartée deux conteneurs de 20 pieds, ou, seul un conteneur de 40 ou de 45 pieds. Il est clair que l'implantation d'un nombre supérieur de butées escamotables 16 est possible, dans la mesure où ces butées restent escamotées sous la surface d'appui 8 du châssis 10 si elles sont recouvertes par une zone pleine d' un conteneur .Preferably, the retractable stops 16 are 3 pairs of 2, arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis A of the vehicle 1, in order to be able to position two 20-foot containers apart, or, only one container of 40 or 45 feet. It is clear that the implantation of a greater number of retractable stops 16 is possible, insofar as these stops remain retracted under the bearing surface 8 of the chassis 10 if they are covered by a solid zone of a container.
Traditionnellement les conteneurs maritimes sont équipés de ferrures qui sont saillantes sous leur face inférieure. Ces ferrures , appelées pièces de coin pour celles dédiées à l'empilage des conteneurs, et bossages pour celles utilisées pour les moyens de fermeture du conteneur, sont toujours gênantes pour les éléments de guidage et les butées qui équipent les véhicules de transport, et il est fréquent de voir l'endommagement, soit des véhicules, soit des conteneurs, soit des deux.Traditionally sea containers are equipped with fittings that are prominent under their underside. These fittings, called corner pieces for those dedicated to the stacking of the containers, and bosses for those used for the closing means of the container, are still troublesome for the guide elements and stops that equip the transport vehicles, and it It is common to see damage, either vehicles, containers, or both.
A cet effet, l'espacement longitudinal et transversal des butées 14, 15, 16, et des bras 13 est calculé de façon à ce que ces ferrures de conteneurs soient face à une zone vide du véhicule 1, sans possibilité d'interférence avec un des bras 13 ou encore une butée escamotable 16.For this purpose, the longitudinal and transverse spacing of the abutments 14, 15, 16, and arms 13 is calculated so that these container fittings face an empty area of the vehicle 1, without the possibility of interference with one of the arms 13 or a retractable abutment 16.
Les bras 13 sont donc disposés longitudinalement, selon l'axe A longitudinal du châssis 10, par rapport aux butées longitudinales fixes 15, à des distances calculées pour éviter toute interférence entre d'une part les ferrures de conteneurs standard de différents formats positionnés en appui sur lesdites butées longitudinales 15, et d'autre part lesdits bras 13.The arms 13 are therefore arranged longitudinally, along the longitudinal axis A of the frame 10, relative to the fixed longitudinal abutments 15, at distances calculated to avoid any interference between, on the one hand, the standard container fittings of different formats positioned in abutment. on said longitudinal stops 15, and on the other hand said arms 13.
Les butées escamotables 16 sont, quant à elles, disposées transversalement, à une distance de l'axe longitudinal A qui est calculée pour ne pas interférer avec des ferrures de conteneurs standard, dont les positions et espacements sont égale ment standardisés, en appui sur les butées de centrage transversal 14.The retractable stops 16 are, for their part, arranged transversely, at a distance from the longitudinal axis A which is calculated not to interfere with standard container fittings, the positions and spacings of which are also standardized, resting on the transverse centering stops 14.
C'est pourquoi, dans une application préférée et tel que visible sur les figures 1, 2, 6 et 7, les bras 13 sont en débord du châssis 10. La cote du débord des butées par rapport au châssis 10 est calculée pour autoriser le passage sans heurt des conteneurs .Therefore, in a preferred application and as visible in Figures 1, 2, 6 and 7, the arms 13 are in excess of the frame 10. The dimension of the abutment of the stops relative to the frame 10 is calculated to allow the smooth passage of containers.
Dans une réalisation préférée représentée sur les figures, le véhicule 1 est conçu apte à recevoir un ou deux conteneurs, et notamment soit un conteneur de 40 pieds, soit un conteneur de 45 pieds, soit deux conteneurs de 20 pieds alignés.In a preferred embodiment shown in the figures, the vehicle 1 is designed to receive one or two containers, and in particular is a 40-foot container, a 45-foot container, or two 20-foot containers aligned.
La conception particulière du châssis 10 selon l'invention permet d'assurer la limitation, à une valeur donnée, de sa flèche lors des opérations de chargement, notamment par spreader, ainsi qu'en statique.The particular design of the frame 10 according to the invention makes it possible to limit, at a given value, its deflection during loading operations, in particular by spreading, as well as in static mode.
A cet effet, dans une optique de rigidité et de maîtrise du coût de construction, le châssis 10 comporte une structure centrale en échelle, construite autour d'au moins deux longerons 11 parallèles longitudinaux, HA et HB. La conception de ces longerons 11, et du châssis 10, est optimisée dans une optique d'économie de matières premières, à la fois dans la limitation au minimum des variétés et des épaisseurs de tôles utilisées, et aussi dans le réemploi des chutes de découpe dans les plus petits sous-ensembles .For this purpose, in a view of rigidity and control of the cost of construction, the frame 10 comprises a structure ladder center, constructed around at least two longitudinal parallel members 11, HA and HB. The design of these longitudinal members 11 and of the frame 10 is optimized in order to save raw materials, both in minimizing the varieties and thicknesses of sheets used, and also in the reuse of cutting scrap. in the smaller subsets.
Cette conception privilégie les soudures en long, plus faciles à robotiser. Le coût de la soudure est alors particulièrement bas .This design favors welds in length, easier to robotize. The cost of welding is then particularly low.
Chaque longeron 11 adopte un profil spécial de forme voisine d'un I.Each spar 11 adopts a special shape profile close to an I.
Le profil choisi pour le longeron 11 diffère des profils du commerce, en ce que ses ailes sont volontairement plus fines, en proportion, que celles des profilés normalisés.The profile chosen for the spar 11 differs from the profiles of the trade, in that its wings are voluntarily finer, in proportion, than those of the standardized profiles.
Le calcul de dimensionnement, en particulier de la hauteur du profil, c'est-à-dire de la partie centrale du I, est exécuté de façon à utiliser la même épaisseur de tôle pour l'âme que pour les ailes .The sizing calculation, in particular the height of the profile, that is to say of the central part of the I, is executed so as to use the same sheet thickness for the core as for the wings.
Dans une application préférée, cette épaisseur est judicieusement choisie de manière à optimiser, par sa réduction, le poids de l'ensemble, et à simplifier les approvisionnements en matière .In a preferred application, this thickness is judiciously chosen so as to optimize, by reducing it, the weight of the assembly, and to simplify the material supply.
La conception des longerons HA etllB est importante car ils déterminent, ensemble, environ 50% du poids du véhicule 1.The design of the HA and EL beams is important because they together determine about 50% of the weight of the vehicle 1.
Rappelons qu'un véhicule 1 porte-conteneurs dit twin, c'est-à- dire pour deux conteneurs de 20 pieds, reçoit couramment 20 à 80 tonnes de charge utile. En effet, il n'est pas rare, dans les ports, que des conteneurs de 20 pieds, théoriquement limités à 30 tonnes, aient une masse réelle de 35 voire 40 tonnes .Recall that a vehicle 1 container ship said twin, that is to say for two containers of 20 feet, commonly receives 20 to 80 tons of payload. Indeed, it is not uncommon in ports that 20-foot containers, theoretically limited to 30 tonnes, have a real mass of 35 or even 40 tonnes.
Il est donc nécessaire de surdimensionner les véhicules porte- conteneurs , lors de leur conception , pour tenir compte de ces facteurs de charge majorés par rapport aux limitations de charge théoriques: masse presque doublée en statique, énergie cinétique presque quadruplée à l'impact lors de la dépose.It is therefore necessary to oversize the container vehicles, in their design, to take into account these increased load factors compared to the theoretical load limitations: mass nearly doubled in static, kinetic energy almost quadrupled at impact during the deposit.
Afin d'assurer le coefficient de sécurité optimal, une tôle constitue une aile inférieure du I , formant caisson autour de chaque longeron 11. De façon préférée, cette tôle est d'une épaisseur de 12 mm.In order to ensure the optimum coefficient of safety, a sheet constitutes a lower flange of the I, forming a box around each spar 11. Preferably, this sheet is of a thickness of 12 mm.
Dans le cas particulier où le véhicule 1 est un automoteur 6, le profil des longerons 11 est calculé de façon à protéger des moyens de stockage d'énergie, tels que des réservoirs de carburant, ou encore des batteries, ou autre.In the particular case where the vehicle 1 is a self-propelled vehicle 6, the profile of the longitudinal members 11 is calculated so as to protect energy storage means, such as fuel tanks, or batteries, or other.
Les longerons 11 sont joints, pour former la structure en échelle du châssis 10, par des traverses transversales 12, dont les épaisseurs de tôles sont calculées selon le même principe que pour les longerons 11.The longitudinal members 11 are joined, to form the ladder structure of the frame 10, by transverse crosspieces 12, whose sheet thicknesses are calculated according to the same principle as for the longitudinal members 11.
Dans une exécution préférée, ces traverses 12 sont caissonnées, et en particulier avec un profil fermé rectangulaire . De façon préférée , toutes les faces sont de même épaisseur .In a preferred embodiment, these cross members 12 are boxed, and in particular with a rectangular closed profile. Preferably, all the faces are of the same thickness.
Une telle structure en caisson procure une bonne rigidité. Elle offre en outre l'avantage de permettre une économie de traitement de surface , en particulier de peinture .Such a box structure provides good rigidity. It also offers the advantage of saving surface treatment, especially paint.
Une autre exécution avantageuse consiste en une réalisation de traverses 12 au profil en I comme les longerons .Another advantageous embodiment consists of a realization of I-shaped cross members 12 as the longitudinal members.
La conception du châssis 10 est ainsi particulièrement rigide. Ceci garantit une faible flèche sous l'effort, ce qui est particulièrement important si, par exemple deux conteneurs de 20 pieds doivent être transportés côte à côte. En effet, ces deux conteneurs ne doivent pas former d'angle entre eux, ce qui rendrait impossible une reprise de l'ensemble des deux conteneurs, en une seule opération, par un moyen de manutention tel qu'un spreader.The design of the frame 10 is thus particularly rigid. This ensures a low sag under effort, which is particularly important if, for example, two 20-foot containers are to be transported side by side. Indeed, these two containers should not form an angle between them, which would make it impossible to recover all of the two containers, in a single operation, by a handling means such as a spreader.
Si nécessaire, le châssis 10 peut encore, si le véhicule 1 est conçu pour des charges particulièrement élevées, être obturé par une ou plusieurs tôles joignant les longerons 11 pour former un caisson en U, ou encore un caisson fermé.If necessary, the chassis 10 can still, if the vehicle 1 is designed for particularly high loads, be closed by one or more sheets joining the longitudinal members 11 to form a U-shaped box, or a closed box.
Dans l'application préférée où le véhicule 1 est une remorque 3, et dans le premier mode de réalisation tel que visible sur les figures 1 et 2 , la zone d' attelage de la remorque 3 , en partie avant, sur une sellette d'un véhicule tracteur, comporte, au niveau du châssis 10, un carénage inférieur de protection pour la manoeuvre d'accostage, qui apporte une haute rigidité à cette zone très sollicitée en contraintes .In the preferred application where the vehicle 1 is a trailer 3, and in the first embodiment as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the hitching zone of the trailer 3, in the front part, on a fifth wheel. a towing vehicle comprises, at the level of the frame 10, a lower protective fairing for the docking maneuver, which provides a high rigidity to this area highly stressed.
De préférence, la hauteur de la sellette par rapport au sol correspond au standard portuaire de 1250 mm.Preferably, the height of the fifth wheel relative to the ground corresponds to the port standard of 1250 mm.
Dans l'application préférée où le véhicule 1 est une remorque 3 , et dans le second mode de réalisation de la figure 7 , le châssis 10 comporte avantageusement, de façon similaire, une ou plusieurs tôles formant carénage et renforcement de la zone d' implantation des moyens d' attelage 4.In the preferred application where the vehicle 1 is a trailer 3, and in the second embodiment of Figure 7, the frame 10 advantageously comprises, in a similar manner, one or more plates forming fairing and strengthening of the implantation area. coupling means 4.
Toutes les traverses 12 perpendiculaires aux longerons 11 comportent, avantageusement, au niveau de leur liaison avec ces derniers , des chanfreins pour permettre le passage de tubes protégeant les servitudes . De façon préférée , ces tubes ont un diamètre de 50 mm. L'ensemble de ces principes de conception permet d'obtenir, par rapport à des véhicules traditionnels construits en profilés standard du commerce, pour la même capacité d'emport, un gain de poids d'environ 40%, ce qui est considérable, et autorise une importante économie de carburant.All the crosspieces 12 perpendicular to the longitudinal members 11 advantageously comprise, at their connection with the latter, chamfers to allow the passage of tubes protecting the servitudes. Preferably, these tubes have a diameter of 50 mm. All of these design principles makes it possible, compared to conventional vehicles built in standard commercial profiles, for the same carrying capacity, a weight gain of about 40%, which is considerable, and allows significant fuel economy.
Dans l'application préférée où le véhicule 1 est une remorque 3, et dans le premier mode de réalisation tel que visible sur les figures 1 et 2, ses moyens de roulement 2 sont constitués par un essieu unique porteur 23, dimensionné pour accepter la moitié de la charge maximale, l'autre moitié étant reprise par la sellette du véhicule tracteur. La configuration mono-essieu présente l'avantage d'éviter tout ripage, et, partant, toute dégradation du sol ou/et des pneumatiques, et, également de prévenir tout vrillage du châssis 10. L'économie constituée par la présence d'un essieu unique porteur 23 est, encore, particulièrement appréciable .In the preferred application where the vehicle 1 is a trailer 3, and in the first embodiment as visible in Figures 1 and 2, its rolling means 2 are constituted by a single carrier axle 23, sized to accept half maximum load, the other half being taken up by the fifth wheel of the towing vehicle. The mono-axle configuration has the advantage of avoiding any shifting, and hence any degradation of the ground and / or tires, and also to prevent any twisting of the frame 10. The economy constituted by the presence of a single axle carrier 23 is, again, particularly appreciable.
On a vu que les vitesses verticales de déchargement pouvaient être très élevées . Afin de pallier les inconvénients qui en découlent sur la structure, et notamment l'usure par fatigue, le véhicule 1 selon l'invention est avantageusement équipé d'au moins un dispositif amortisseur d'impact. Ce dispositif amortisseur peut équiper aussi bien les bras 13 de réception des conteneurs , que les moyens de roulement 2 , notamment l'essieu porteur 23. Il est naturellement possible de combiner des dispositifs amortisseurs à la fois sur les bras 13 et sur l'essieu porteur 23.We have seen that vertical unloading speeds can be very high. In order to overcome the disadvantages which result from this on the structure, and in particular fatigue wear, the vehicle 1 according to the invention is advantageously equipped with at least one impact damping device. This damping device can equip both the arms 13 for receiving the containers, the rolling means 2, in particular the carrier axle 23. It is naturally possible to combine damping devices on both the arms 13 and the axle. carrier 23.
Pour équiper l'essieu porteur 23, notamment sous forme d'un essieu amortisseur complet, qui peut avantageusement être vendu indépendamment pour équiper des véhicules existants, il est possible de choisir des dispositifs de type anti-vibratoire tels qu'utilisés pour des machines-outils ou des machines tournantes , ou encore des butées à amortisseur de type ferroviaire, que l'on interpose alors entre la structure porteuse de l'essieu 23 ou du bras 13 d'une part, et le châssis 10 d'autre part.To equip the carrier axle 23, especially in the form of a complete damping axle, which can advantageously be sold independently to equip existing vehicles, it is possible to choose anti-vibration devices such as those used for tools or rotating machines, or rail-type buffer stops, which are then interposed between the structure carrier of the axle 23 or the arm 13 on the one hand, and the chassis 10 on the other hand.
Les technologies à base de caoutchouc présentent une bonne résistance , à un coût acceptable .Rubber-based technologies have good strength at an acceptable cost.
Le véhicule 1 selon l'invention peut, encore, être adapté pour une utilisation routière, et incorporer les circuits d'éclairage, signalisation, freinage, réglementaires. A cet effet, la conception du châssis 10 comporte toutes les réservations utiles pour le passage des fluides hydrauliques , pneumatiques , ou électriques .The vehicle 1 according to the invention may, again, be adapted for road use, and incorporate the lighting circuits, signaling, braking, regulatory. For this purpose, the design of the frame 10 includes all the reservations useful for the passage of hydraulic fluids, pneumatic, or electric.
L'adaptation routière est intéressante, en raison de la faible tare à vide du véhicule 1 selon l'invention. On notera, à ce propos, qu'à l'inverse, une utilisation portuaire d'une remorque routière est quasiment impossible, en raison d'une forte flèche, par exemple de 60 à 70 mm, qui est fréquente sur des remorques routières car la flèche n'a pas d'importance pour l'utilisation routière. Alors que sur une remorque portuaire il convient de rechercher, en toute circonstance, la meilleure horizontalité de la zone de réception de la charge, afin de répartir celle-ci au mieux sur l'ensemble de la structure, que cette charge soit statique ou dynamique .The road adaptation is interesting because of the low empty tare of the vehicle 1 according to the invention. In this connection, it should be noted that conversely, a port use of a road trailer is almost impossible, because of a strong arrow, for example 60 to 70 mm, which is frequent on road trailers because the arrow does not matter for road use. While on a harbor trailer it is advisable to seek, in all circumstances, the best horizontality of the zone of reception of the load, in order to distribute this one as well as possible over the whole structure, that this load is static or dynamic .
De façon avantageuse, le châssis 10 du véhicule 1 selon l'invention comporte des moyens de réception comporte, dans les espaces situés entre les traverses 12 , de grands volumes permettant la personnalisation du véhicule pour une utilisation particulière. La construction de la structure centrale en échelle rend particulièrement aisée l'installation, en partie inférieure de ce châssis 12 sous les longerons 11, de moyens de réception conçus aptes à autoriser le montage d' autres dispositifs .Advantageously, the frame 10 of the vehicle 1 according to the invention comprises receiving means comprises, in the spaces between the crosspieces 12, large volumes allowing the personalization of the vehicle for a particular use. The construction of the central ladder structure makes it particularly easy to install, in the lower part of this frame 12 under the longitudinal members 11, receiving means designed to allow the mounting of other devices.
Le véhicule 1 selon l'invention permet le chargement et le déchargement aisés par un spreader de deux conteneurs alignés . Il permet aussi la reprise de conteneurs vides par des chariots élévateurs, de façon latérale. L'espacement des bras 13 et leur positionnement relatif adéquat par rapport aux guides standardisés de passage de fourches pour les conteneurs maritimes autorisent l'accès d'un élévateur au plus près de la structure centrale en échelle du châssis 10, et donc une préhension dans les meilleures conditions .The vehicle 1 according to the invention allows the loading and easy unloading by a spreader of two aligned containers. It also allows the recovery of empty containers by forklifts, laterally. The spacing of the arms 13 and their relative relative positioning with respect to the standardized forklift guides for the marine containers allow the access of an elevator as close as possible to the central structure in the frame of the frame 10, and thus a grip in the best conditions.
Le véhicule 1 est léger et son coût de réalisation est particulièrement économique, malgré son dimensionnement conçu pour résister à des conditions d'utilisation très dures. The vehicle 1 is lightweight and its cost of implementation is particularly economical, despite its design designed to withstand harsh operating conditions.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Véhicule porte-conteneurs (1) comportant des moyens de roulement (2) , un châssis (10) comportant une surface d'appuiContainer vehicle (1) having rolling means (2), a frame (10) having a bearing surface
(8) pour la réception d'un ou plusieurs conteneurs, et des moyens de positionnement (9) du ou desdits conteneurs comportant des butées de centrage transversal (14) et des butées longitudinales , caractérisé par le fait que lesdites butées longitudinales sont composées d'une part par au moins une butée longitudinale fixe (15) , et d'autre part par au moins une butée longitudinale escamotable (16) montée pivotante autour d'un axe (17) parallèle à ladite surface d'appui (8) et conçue apte à saillir au-dessus de ladite surface d'appui (8) sous l'effet de son propre poids, et à demeurer escamotée sous ladite surface d'appui (8) sous l'effet du poids d'un conteneur s 'appliquant sur son extrémité supérieure.(8) for receiving one or more containers, and positioning means (9) of said container or containers having transverse centering stops (14) and longitudinal stops, characterized in that said longitudinal stops are composed of on the one hand by at least one fixed longitudinal stop (15), and on the other hand by at least one retractable longitudinal stop (16) pivotally mounted about an axis (17) parallel to said bearing surface (8) and designed to protrude above said bearing surface (8) under the effect of its own weight, and to remain retracted under said bearing surface (8) under the effect of the weight of a container s' applying on its upper end.
2. Véhicule porte-conteneurs (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que ledit châssis (10) comporte une structure centrale en échelle constituée de longerons (HA, HB) et de traverses (12) .2. container vehicle (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said frame (10) comprises a central ladder structure consisting of longitudinal members (HA, HB) and sleepers (12).
3. Véhicule porte-conteneurs (1) selon la revendication 2 , caractérisé par le fait que lesdites butées de centrage transversale (14) sont disposées de part et d'autre d'un axe longitudinal (A) dudit châssis (10) sur des bras (13) montés en débord par rapport à ladite structure centrale en échelle .Container vehicle (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that said transverse centering stops (14) are arranged on either side of a longitudinal axis (A) of said frame (10) on arm (13) mounted in overhang with respect to said ladder center structure.
4. Véhicule porte-conteneurs (1) selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que lesdits bras (13) sont disposés longitudinalement, selon ledit axe (A) longitudinal dudit châssis (10) , par rapport auxdites butées longitudinales fixes (15) , à des distances calculées pour éviter toute interférence entre d'une part les fermetures de conteneurs standard de différents formats positionnés en appui sur lesdites butées longitudinales (15) , et d'autre part lesdits bras (13) .Container vehicle (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that said arms (13) are arranged longitudinally, along said longitudinal axis (A) of said frame (10), with respect to said fixed longitudinal stops (15). , at distances calculated to avoid any interference between, on the one hand, closures of standard containers of different sizes positioned in abutment on said stops longitudinal (15), and secondly said arms (13).
5. Véhicule porte-conteneurs (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que lesdites butées escamotables (16) sont disposées transversalement à une distance d'un axe longitudinal (A) dudit châssis (10) calculée pour ne pas interférer avec des ferrures de conteneurs standard positionnés en appui sur lesdites butées de centrage transversal (14) .5. container carrier (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said retractable stops (16) are arranged transversely at a distance from a longitudinal axis (A) of said frame (10) calculated to not interfere with standard container fittings positioned in abutment on said transverse centering stops (14).
6. Véhicule porte-conteneurs (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes , caractérisé par le fait que lesdites butées longitudinales fixes (15) sont disposées aux extrémités opposées dudit châssis (10) dans la direction d'un axe longitudinal (A) dudit châssis (10) .Container vehicle (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said fixed longitudinal stops (15) are arranged at the opposite ends of said frame (10) in the direction of a longitudinal axis (A). said chassis (10).
7. Véhicule porte-conteneurs (1) selon la revendication 2 et l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que ledit longeron (11) a un profil en forme de I et dont l'épaisseur de l'âme et des ailes sont égales.Container-carrying vehicle (1) according to claim 2 and any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said spar (11) has an I-shaped profile and the thickness of the core and wings are equal.
8. Véhicule porte-conteneurs (1) selon la revendication 2 et l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que ladite traverse (12) a un profil caissonné fermé de section rectangulaire et dont toutes les faces sont de même épaisseur .8. container vehicle (1) according to claim 2 and any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said cross member (12) has a closed box section of rectangular section and all faces of the same thickness.
9. Véhicule porte-conteneurs (1) selon la revendication 3 et l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que lesdits bras (13) ont un profil caissonné fermé de section rectangulaire et dont toutes les faces sont de même épaisseur.9. Container vehicle (1) according to claim 3 and any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said arms (13) have a box section closed profile of rectangular section and all faces of the same thickness.
10. Véhicule porte-conteneurs (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes , caractérisé par le fait que ledit véhicule (1) est un automoteur (6) et comporte des moyens d'entraînement (7) .10. Container-carrying vehicle (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said vehicle (1) is a self-propelled vehicle (6) and comprises driving means (7).
11. Véhicule porte-conteneurs (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que ledit véhicule (1) est une remorque (3) comportant des moyens d'attelage (4) implantés à au moins une extrémité dudit châssis (10) renforcée par un carénage.Container-carrying vehicle (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said vehicle (1) is a trailer (3) comprising coupling means (4) implanted at at least one end said chassis (10) reinforced by a fairing.
12. Véhicule porte-conteneurs (1) selon la revendication 11, caractérisé par le fait que ses moyens de roulement (2) sont constitués par un essieu unique porteur (23) conçu apte à incorporer un dispositif amortisseur d'impact.12. Container vehicle (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that its rolling means (2) are constituted by a single carrier axle (23) designed adapted to incorporate an impact damping device.
13. Véhicule porte-conteneurs (1) selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que lesdits bras (13) sont conçus aptes à incorporer un dispositif amortisseur d'impact. 13. Container vehicle (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that said arms (13) are designed to incorporate a shock absorbing device.
PCT/FR2007/052492 2007-08-03 2007-12-12 Container carrier vehicle WO2009019327A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0756916A FR2919542B1 (en) 2007-08-03 2007-08-03 VEHICLE CONTAINER HOLDER
FR0756916 2007-08-03

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WO2009019327A1 true WO2009019327A1 (en) 2009-02-12

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CN112292285A (en) * 2018-06-08 2021-01-29 何纳尔投资公司 Container carrier
CN113954968A (en) * 2021-10-29 2022-01-21 东风商用车有限公司 Loading frame of port unmanned container transport vehicle

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EP2765029A1 (en) * 2013-02-08 2014-08-13 HFM Patenten BV A trailer for use in road haulage and a method for using the trailer
FR3004706A1 (en) * 2013-04-19 2014-10-24 Christophe Riquier ASSEMBLY FOR HANDLING CONTAINERS FACILITATING THE HANDLING OF ROTATING LATCHES
CN113998159A (en) * 2021-10-28 2022-02-01 上海汉迦科技有限公司 Novel container hauling equipment and working method

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FR2919542B1 (en) 2010-05-07

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