WO2009006926A1 - CONCEPT DE PANNEAU DE PAROI À 45º - Google Patents

CONCEPT DE PANNEAU DE PAROI À 45º Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2009006926A1
WO2009006926A1 PCT/EP2007/006195 EP2007006195W WO2009006926A1 WO 2009006926 A1 WO2009006926 A1 WO 2009006926A1 EP 2007006195 W EP2007006195 W EP 2007006195W WO 2009006926 A1 WO2009006926 A1 WO 2009006926A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
panels
wall
wall panel
panel
mounting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2007/006195
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Leopolder
Original Assignee
Kronoplus Technical Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kronoplus Technical Ag filed Critical Kronoplus Technical Ag
Priority to PCT/EP2007/006195 priority Critical patent/WO2009006926A1/fr
Publication of WO2009006926A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009006926A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0801Separate fastening elements
    • E04F13/0803Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
    • E04F13/081Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and covering elements
    • E04F13/083Hooking means on the back side of the covering elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0801Separate fastening elements
    • E04F13/0832Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
    • E04F13/0833Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements not adjustable
    • E04F13/0851Hooking means on the back side of the covering elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wall panel system comprising mounting hardware and wall panels.
  • a number of wall panel systems are known in the art. Usually, these systems consist of several parts, such as typically wood panels, and mounting rails for supporting the panels, which in the installed state serve, for example, for the decorative cladding of wall surfaces in closed spaces.
  • a substructure of wooden slats is first attached to the wall to be clad.
  • a fixing rail is fixed to the slat structure, for example, has a U-shaped profile to receive a longitudinal edge of a panel.
  • the first and bottom rows of the panels are attached to it.
  • the second row of wall panels are fastened in a similar manner and so on.
  • a disadvantage of this type of Wandpaneelbefest Trent is the one that the assembly order of eg bottom to top is usually fixed.
  • a wall panel system which comprises at least one mounting bracket and at least one wall panel.
  • the mounting bracket has at least one obliquely protruding fastening projection, which points obliquely upward in the fastened state of the fitting.
  • the wall panel is provided at its rear with a mounting groove which extends relative to the plane of the back of the wall panel at an oblique angle in the wall panel and wherein the angle is selected so that the mounting groove at least partially receive the mounting projection of the mounting bracket in the attached state can. Due to the inclination of the fastening projection and the corresponding oblique incorporation of the fastening groove into the rear side of the wall panel, a particularly secure attachment of the panel to the fitting takes place.
  • the wall panel is moved perpendicular to the wall towards the mounting bracket and then, in a downward movement with its fastening groove, it is put on the obliquely protruding fastening projection.
  • This type of installation allows for a wall covering consisting of several wall panels individual wall panels from the covering again remove or reinsert without having to reduce the wall covering over a large area.
  • the wall panels are preferably rectangular or square and have two parallel longitudinal edges and two parallel transverse edges.
  • wood materials plastics or ceramics are conceivable.
  • MDF or LDF boards which are preferably provided with a decorative surface.
  • decorative surfaces may for example consist of decorative papers which are laminated on the plate.
  • decorative surfaces made of real wood veneer which are attached to the carrier plate made of MDF or LDF.
  • the system comprises a plurality of panels, each provided with at least two parallel edges. These panels have on their front sides, ie on the side facing the viewer in the mounted state, a chamfer which drops to one of the parallel edges. At its rear side, ie the side facing the wall in the mounted state, the panels have a similar, preferably complementary chamfer, which slopes down to the other parallel edge so that the cross-section of the panel is essentially in the form of a parallelogram.
  • the bevelled edges may be tapered or preferably provided with a chamfer, which contributes to fracture of the edge.
  • a bevelled edge of one panel will at least partially overlap a beveled edge of the other panel, so that the front sides of the assembled panels lie substantially in one plane.
  • the bevelled front of one panel is slid under the slanted back of another panel, so that the two panels partially overlap, but due to the preferably complementary bevel of the front and back sides, no step is created between the two panels; but these lie in one plane and their front pages are aligned.
  • the two parallel edges are the lower and upper edges - A -
  • the system comprises a plurality of panels which are rectangular or square and each having two parallel longitudinal edges and two parallel transverse edges.
  • all four edges of the panel are provided with suitable bevels. This is achieved by providing the panels with a chamfer at their front sides, which chamfer slopes down to one of the longitudinal edges, and with another chamfer, which slopes down to one of the transverse edges.
  • the panels are provided at their rear sides with a chamfer which slopes down to the other longitudinal edge and with a further chamfer which slopes down to the other transverse edge, so that a cross section of the panel in both longitudinal and transverse direction substantially the shape of a parallelogram Has.
  • the chamfered longitudinal and transverse edges of the panels overlap each other at least partially, so that the front sides of the assembled panels lie substantially in one plane.
  • the chamfers of the panels preferably fall off at an angle of 30 to 60 ° to the plane of the wall panels, more preferably at an angle of 35 to 50 ° and most preferably at an angle of about 45 °.
  • the mounting fitting has a second obliquely projecting fastening projection, which is arranged below the first fastening projection in the assembled state of the fittings.
  • the wall panels are preferably provided with two mounting grooves, the first mounting groove being located near the upper longitudinal edge of the panel when assembled, and the second mounting groove being disposed relatively below, preferably near the lower longitudinal edge in rectangular or square panels.
  • the first and second B efest may be incorporated at the same angle into the panel, eg. milled.
  • the system further comprises at least one fastening profile to which the mounting fittings can be attached.
  • the fastening profile advantageously has a substantially U-shaped cross section, wherein in the assembled state, the base of the U is fixed to the wall and the open side of the profile is directed away from the wall.
  • the two free legs of the U-shaped profile have at their free ends in each case a guide rail for receiving the mounting hardware.
  • the fittings can then be inserted advantageously from the open side of the fastening profile in the guide rails, so that they are held in the profile without further fastening means. This allows a particularly fast installation of the system.
  • the wall panel system advantageously comprises a plurality of wall panels, which together form a preferably decorative wall covering.
  • different wall panels can be used for the formation of such a wall covering and that the above-described th special wall panels at any time with other, for example, conventional wall panels without bevels, can be used together.
  • This is particularly advantageous in those panels which are arranged on the outer edge of a wall covering, and whose edges directed to the outside preferably have no bevels.
  • a wall covering consisting of rectangular wall panels it is conceivable, for example, for the panels located in the interior of the covering, ie those panels which are surrounded on all four sides by other panels, to be provided with bevels on all four sides.
  • the panels at the corners of the wall covering preferably have chamfers only at the edges adjacent to other panels.
  • the fastening projections of the assembly fittings and the fastening grooves in the back of the wall panels are preferably oriented in such a way that the panels can be inserted into the wall covering in any order and removed again.
  • the mounting projections of the mounting hardware in the assembled state project by about 45 ° from the plane of the wall.
  • Figures Ia and Ib show schematically a decorative wall covering made with a wall panel system according to the invention
  • Fig. 2a shows a plan view of a wall panel in accordance with an aspect of the invention
  • FIG. 2b shows a cross-section of the wall panel according to FIG. 2a
  • Fig. 2c shows an enlargement of the cross section taken along the arrowed line of Fig. 2a;
  • Fig. 2d is a perspective view of the wall panel of Fig. 2a;
  • Fig. 3a is a plan view of another panel in accordance with the invention.
  • Fig. 3b is a perspective view of the wall panel of Fig. 3a;
  • Figure 4 shows a perspective sectional view of a fastening profile
  • Fig. 5 shows views of a mounting bracket in accordance with an aspect of the invention.
  • Fig. 6 shows schematically in cross section a number of panels according to the invention, which form a wall covering.
  • Figures Ia and Ib show schematically a wall panel system 10 consisting of rectangular wall panels 11, which are mounted next to and below each other on a wall to form a floor covering.
  • Figure 1a shows a partial garment, which is suitable for example as a decorative wall design and
  • Figure Ib a full-surface wall paneling, wherein on the left and right edges smaller panels 12 are provided.
  • the reference numeral 13 is a schematic drawing of a door specified.
  • FIG. 2a to 2d show a wall panel 20 according to the invention, as it can be used in the wall panel system according to the invention.
  • the wall panel 20 has a rectangular basic shape of, for example, 1060 mm x 750 mm.
  • the panel 20 has a left transverse edge 21 and a parallel right transverse edge 22. Arranged at right angles thereto, the panel 20 further has one lower longitudinal edge 24 and an upper longitudinal edge 23.
  • FIG. 2a is not a perspective view of the panel 20, but rather is a plan view of the front face 28 thereof.
  • the panel has on its rear side 29 a first fastening groove 25 which extends over the entire width of the panel parallel to the upper longitudinal edge 23.
  • the fastening groove 25 is formed, for example, 50 mm away from the upper longitudinal edge 23.
  • the illustrated embodiment further comprises a second mounting groove 26 which is located near the lower longitudinal edge 24 and extends parallel thereto over the entire width of the panel 20.
  • the second fastening groove 26 is formed, for example, 50 mm away from the lower longitudinal edge 24.
  • the wall panel shown is provided with bevels on all four edges which, in the exemplary embodiment, extend approximately at a 45 ° angle to the surface 28 and 29, respectively, of the panel.
  • the chamfers 21 'of the transverse edge 21 and the chamfer 24' of the longitudinal edge 24 are located on the front side 28 of the panel.
  • the chamfers 23 'of the upper longitudinal edge 23 and the chamfer 22' of the right transverse edge 22, however, are located on the back 29 of the panel.
  • the formation of the chamfer 23 ' can best be seen from the illustration of the delta of FIG. 2c. As can be seen from FIG. 2 c, the chamfer 23 'extends at an approximately 45 ° angle relative to the rear side 29.
  • a chamfer 27, which serves to secure the otherwise acute edge 23, is also shown in FIG. 2 c.
  • the wall panel 20 is shown in a perspective view and somewhat rotated, so that here both the bevel 21 'and the bevel 23' are visible to the viewer.
  • the chamfers 24 'and 22' are not visible in this illustration and indicated by dashed lines.
  • the back side 29 of the panel 20 is provided with a mounting groove 25 which is relative to the plane of the back side
  • the illustrated angle of the mounting groove 25 is 45 ° here.
  • the angle is chosen so that the mounting groove in the mounted or in the mounted state, the mounting projection of a mounting bracket can at least partially accommodate as it is explained in more detail below in the description of Figure 6.
  • the second fastening groove 26 is here identical to the groove 25, ie it has the same depth, width and the same angle. For example, with a panel thickness of 12 millimeters, the width of the groove is 4 mm and the depth is 6 mm, for example.
  • FIG. 2b shows a cross-section of the panel 20, from which it can be seen that the panel in cross-section has substantially the shape of a parallelogram.
  • the basic shape of a parallelogram results for the panel shown on account of the chamfers 21 'and 22' also in longitudinal section.
  • a plurality of wall panels 20 are mounted to form a wall covering 10 on a wall, then the panels are preferably arranged to each other so that the right transverse edge 22 of the one panel partially covers the left transverse edge 21 of the neighboring panel.
  • the upper longitudinal edge 23 can be placed over the lower longitudinal edge 24 of a second panel arranged above it.
  • FIG. 6 Such an arrangement is shown schematically in FIG. 6, where, for example, four wall panels 60 are shown in cross-section, which are used, for example, to form a wall covering.
  • FIGS. 3 a and 3 b show a further example of a wall panel 30 in which the bevels are of substantially larger area and can thus be better seen in the figures.
  • FIG. 3 a here again represents a top view and
  • FIG. 3 b shows a perspective, rotated view of the panel 30 of FIG. 3 a.
  • the wall panel 30 has a left transverse edge 31 with a chamfer 31 'located on the front side 38 of the panel 30.
  • the lower longitudinal edge 34 also has a chamfer 34 'on the front side 38.
  • the upper Longitudinal edge 33 is provided with a chamfer 33 ', which, however, is located on the back of the panel 30 and is therefore indicated by dashed lines.
  • the wall panel 30 has on its rear side two oblique mounting grooves 35 and 36. In the perspective, rotated view of FIG. 3 b, the chamfer 33 'of the upper longitudinal edge 33 on the rear side of the panel 30 is visible.
  • the bevels on the front and rear sides of the panel 30 allow a plurality of panels to be partially overlapped on a wall while still achieving a flat surface.
  • the angle of the mounting grooves is preferably similar to the angle of the chamfers, so that individual panels can be removed from a finished covering by an oblique upward movement of a covering, without it being necessary to remove the adjacent wall panels. Such a movement is indicated in the figure 6 by the double arrow at the middle wall panel.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic sectional view of a fastening profile 40.
  • the fastening profile 40 is preferably a plastic strip.
  • the profile 40 has a substantially U-shaped cross section with a base 43 for attachment to a wall and two legs 41 and 42 defining an open channel therebetween.
  • bores 46 are preferably provided by means of which the profile 40 can be securely fastened with screws and dowels to a wall.
  • the two legs 41, 42 of the U-shaped profile 40 have at their free ends in each case a guide rail 44, 45 for receiving mounting fittings.
  • the guide rails 44, 45 also have a U-shaped cross section and allow a mounting bracket from one side of the profile 40, for example, the open in Fig. 4 open side, can be inserted into the rails 44, 45.
  • FIGS. 5a to 5c show different views of a mounting bracket 50.
  • FIG. 5a is a plan view of the bracket
  • FIG. 5b is a side view of the bracket Fittings
  • Figure 5c is a perspective rotated view.
  • the illustrated mounting bracket 50 includes a base plate 51 with elongated mounting recesses 54 through which screws can be passed.
  • the fitting has two attachment projections 52, 53 which, as best seen in Figure 5b, extend upwardly from the base 51 at an oblique angle.
  • the fitting fitting is preferably made of metal and is preferably stamped from a sheet metal, or bent. The dimensions are for example 25 mm x 25 mm with a plate thickness of 1 mm.
  • the base 51 is preferably dimensioned so that the mounting bracket 50 in the two guide rails 44, 45 of the profile 40 can be inserted, and is held therein without further fastening means.
  • the angles of the fastening projections 52, 53 are preferably complementary to the profile of the fastening groove in the back of the wall panels. This is best seen in FIG.
  • FIG 6 shows purely schematically the arrangement and attachment of four wall panels one above the other on a common wall 61.
  • the wall panels 60 each have two fastening grooves, as described in detail above with reference to Figures 2 and 3.
  • the mounting brackets 50 used are dimensioned so that the upper projection 52 fits into the lower mounting groove of a panel and the lower projection 53 fits into the upper groove of an underlying panel. In this way, by the spacing of the projections 52, 53 of the mounting bracket the correct vertical distance between the wall panels is maintained.
  • the mounting brackets are connected by means of screw 62 directly to the wall.
  • the double arrow in FIG. 6 indicates how the middle wall panel can be removed and replaced without the panels above and below having to be loosened.
  • the wall panels thus depend without further attachment releasably attached to the mounting projections of the mounting brackets. In this way, a simple, fast and flexible installation of a wall covering is guaranteed with the wall panel system according to the invention.
  • the removal or exchanging panels is easily possible for example by means of a hand vacuum suction. Since the joints between the wall panels need not be covered, there is also good ventilation between wall and panel surface, wherein the distance between the wall and panel due to the mounting brackets is preferably about 2 mm.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de panneau de paroi comprenant au moins une ferrure de montage (50) et au moins un panneau de paroi (60). La ferrure de montage présente au moins une saillie de fixation (53) saillant obliquement, qui est tournée obliquement vers le haut dans l'état fixé. Le panneau de paroi présente sur son côté arrière une rainure de fixation qui s'étend par rapport au plan du côté arrière du panneau de paroi suivant un angle oblique dans le panneau de paroi. L'angle est en l'occurrence choisi de telle sorte que la rainure de fixation puisse recevoir au moins en partie, dans l'état fixé, la saillie de fixation (53) de la ferrure de montage (50).
PCT/EP2007/006195 2007-07-12 2007-07-12 CONCEPT DE PANNEAU DE PAROI À 45º WO2009006926A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2007/006195 WO2009006926A1 (fr) 2007-07-12 2007-07-12 CONCEPT DE PANNEAU DE PAROI À 45º

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2007/006195 WO2009006926A1 (fr) 2007-07-12 2007-07-12 CONCEPT DE PANNEAU DE PAROI À 45º

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009006926A1 true WO2009006926A1 (fr) 2009-01-15

Family

ID=39243681

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2007/006195 WO2009006926A1 (fr) 2007-07-12 2007-07-12 CONCEPT DE PANNEAU DE PAROI À 45º

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2009006926A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMO20100291A1 (it) * 2010-10-19 2012-04-20 Eugenio Belli Gancio di sicurezza per lastre o manufatti da rivestimento a parete.
DE202014004005U1 (de) * 2014-05-14 2015-08-17 Josef Graf Beschlagteil und Paneel zur Verwendung mit einem solchen
JP6157687B1 (ja) * 2016-05-26 2017-07-05 セルコホーム株式会社 建築物の壁構造
IT202100007955A1 (it) * 2021-04-23 2022-10-23 Fabrizio Morini Piastrella per isolamento termico ed acustico metodo di produzione

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986007402A1 (fr) * 1985-06-07 1986-12-18 Allied Resource Management Pty. Ltd. Tuile
EP0267525A2 (fr) * 1986-11-12 1988-05-18 Resopal Gmbh Dispositif de fixation
DE29817716U1 (de) * 1998-10-05 1999-03-11 Buckel, Hermann, 91589 Aurach Allseitig sägerauhes Wetterschutzbrett für Außenfassaden
EP1279776A1 (fr) * 2000-05-01 2003-01-29 SUZUKI, Masao Batiment permettant l'emploi de materiau de construction, faisant face a l'exterieur
DE10205623A1 (de) * 2002-02-12 2003-09-11 Wendker Fassaden Systembau Gmb Befestigungssystem für kleinformatige Wandelemente an Gebäudewänden

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986007402A1 (fr) * 1985-06-07 1986-12-18 Allied Resource Management Pty. Ltd. Tuile
EP0267525A2 (fr) * 1986-11-12 1988-05-18 Resopal Gmbh Dispositif de fixation
DE29817716U1 (de) * 1998-10-05 1999-03-11 Buckel, Hermann, 91589 Aurach Allseitig sägerauhes Wetterschutzbrett für Außenfassaden
EP1279776A1 (fr) * 2000-05-01 2003-01-29 SUZUKI, Masao Batiment permettant l'emploi de materiau de construction, faisant face a l'exterieur
DE10205623A1 (de) * 2002-02-12 2003-09-11 Wendker Fassaden Systembau Gmb Befestigungssystem für kleinformatige Wandelemente an Gebäudewänden

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMO20100291A1 (it) * 2010-10-19 2012-04-20 Eugenio Belli Gancio di sicurezza per lastre o manufatti da rivestimento a parete.
DE202014004005U1 (de) * 2014-05-14 2015-08-17 Josef Graf Beschlagteil und Paneel zur Verwendung mit einem solchen
JP6157687B1 (ja) * 2016-05-26 2017-07-05 セルコホーム株式会社 建築物の壁構造
IT202100007955A1 (it) * 2021-04-23 2022-10-23 Fabrizio Morini Piastrella per isolamento termico ed acustico metodo di produzione
WO2022224034A1 (fr) * 2021-04-23 2022-10-27 Perini, Filippo Tuile pour isolation thermique et acoustique et procédé de production

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE69912950T3 (de) Bodenplatte
EP1294995B1 (fr) Système de plancher comprenant un pluralité de planches de plancher identiques
EP1350904B1 (fr) Planches de plancher
EP2063047B1 (fr) Système de rails profilés
AT511712B1 (de) Diele, insbesondere bodendiele sowie daraus gebildeter belag
DE10159284A1 (de) Gebäudeplatte, insbesondere Bodenpaneel
DE202017102837U1 (de) Paneele für ein dreidimensionales Dekor von Wand- und Deckenpaneelen
EP1961889B1 (fr) Assemblage de fixation avec un profilé de fixation et un crochet de fixation
EP2816172A2 (fr) Système de montage pour un revêtement de sol
EP3563738A1 (fr) Étagère de douche
DE202016102100U1 (de) Befestigungselement zur Befestigung eines Fassaden-Verkleidungselements an einer Unterkonstruktion, sowie ein Fassadenverkleidungssystem
WO2009006926A1 (fr) CONCEPT DE PANNEAU DE PAROI À 45º
DE102007007620A1 (de) Wand- oder Deckenverkleidung
DE10242647A1 (de) Paneel
DE102008003117B4 (de) Einrichtung zum Verriegeln zweier Bauplatten
DE102010039268A1 (de) Verfahren zum Befestigen von Paneelen an einem Untergrund; Befestigungselement zur Durchführung des Verfahrens; Kombination einer Montageprofilschiene mit einem Befestigungselement; und Kombination einer Abschlussprofilschiene mit einem Halteelement
DE102020118689A1 (de) Bauelementsystem
EP1709887A2 (fr) Garniture d'angle avec plinthes
AT525231B1 (de) Raffstorekasten und Verbindungsbeschlag zur Befestigung des Raffstores
DE19514165A1 (de) Bauelement sowie damit hergestellte Wandverkleidung
DE10201565A1 (de) Baueinheit mit wenigstens einem Grundelement
DE29901547U1 (de) Abdeckleiste für plattenförmige Bauelemente
AT15995U1 (de) Befestigungsprofil
DE10145052B4 (de) Satz von Innenfutterprofilleisten
AT505324A1 (de) Holzbauelement und daraus gebildetes wandelement

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
DPE2 Request for preliminary examination filed before expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 07786027

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 07786027

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1