WO2009004105A1 - Ballistic system for controlling and extinguishing forest fires - Google Patents

Ballistic system for controlling and extinguishing forest fires Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009004105A1
WO2009004105A1 PCT/ES2008/000474 ES2008000474W WO2009004105A1 WO 2009004105 A1 WO2009004105 A1 WO 2009004105A1 ES 2008000474 W ES2008000474 W ES 2008000474W WO 2009004105 A1 WO2009004105 A1 WO 2009004105A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
extinction
capsules
projectile
control
forest fire
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2008/000474
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
José Luis LIZ GRAÑA
Pablo Sebastián FERRER GISBERT
Original Assignee
Liz Grana Jose Luis
Ferrer Gisbert Pablo Sebastian
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Liz Grana Jose Luis, Ferrer Gisbert Pablo Sebastian filed Critical Liz Grana Jose Luis
Publication of WO2009004105A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009004105A1/en

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0228Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires with delivery of fire extinguishing material by air or aircraft
    • A62C3/025Fire extinguishing bombs; Projectiles and launchers therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/02Stabilising arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/46Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
    • F42B12/50Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances by dispersion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/56Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
    • F42B12/58Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles
    • F42B12/66Chain-shot, i.e. the submissiles being interconnected by chains or the like
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/28Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a ballistic system for the control and extinction of forest fires, the purpose of which is to provide innovative means for direct extinguishing actions of fires, preferably forest , also facilitating preventive positions and firewalls, for which the invention has a means of firing projectiles in which extinguishing substances are lodged that are released in each projectile after its launch.
  • the main drawbacks of the current fire extinguishing systems relate mainly to the danger that operators, both land and air vehicles, to difficulties in accessing the fire place, weather factors and limitations in the supply and transport of extinguishing substances .
  • the operation of the air means must be carried out at a very low altitude and in conditions of "visual flight", that is, by day and in sight of the fire and the surrounding orography.
  • the aircraft Once the liquid has been launched on the fire zone, the aircraft must recharge water in a swamp, lake or nearby sea in the case of hydroplanes and helicopters or in an airport, airfield or place enabled for that purpose, in the In the case of land planes and although it depends on the geographical environment and the infrastructure in the fire zone, it can be established in no less than 15 minutes the average time it will take for the aircraft to return to being in the launch position.
  • the effective extinction area that is capable of covering an aircraft, it depends on varied and complex factors, difficult to assess, such as the type, quantity and state of the vegetation that is burning, the wind, the reigning smoke and the existing turbulence , as well as the height and precision of the launch, which in turn can depend on the orographic environment and of course the amount of liquid that is capable of transporting the aircraft, since this can vary from 500 to 6,000 liters, even having airplanes with greater capacity, but with the disadvantage that due to their large size they have poor maneuverability, especially at a very low height. In addition, due to their size, they are land planes that require a lot of infrastructure for their use.
  • Accessibility to the focus of the fire is one of the most important problems in extinguishing a forest fire. Approximately 60% of fires are of an intentional nature, so the focus is usually located as inaccessible as possible to cause as much damage as possible.
  • the dependence on communication channels and environmental conditions are the major limitations of current systems. In order to access where there are no such roads and at any time, it is necessary to use aerial vehicles. These must perform the tasks of loading and unloading, so the useful time of extinction is practically half the flight time.
  • the invention consists of a ballistic system for the control and extinction of forest fires, which facilitates the extinction of the corresponding fire with application of water and / or extinguishing substances.
  • the system thereof has projectile firing means in which the aforementioned extinguishing substances are housed, which are released in each projectile after its launch; facilitating both direct extinction actions as well as preventive and firewall positions.
  • the aforementioned firing means consist of at least one cannon capable of acting with angles greater and less than 45 ° and positioned in the chassis of a vehicle or fixedly installed in strategic locations.
  • the aforementioned barrel has an air compressor capable of reaching pressures of the order of 100 bar and a reservoir of compressed air of sufficient volume.
  • each projectile has a base that hinges two lateral halves joined superiorly by a head, and laterally by a zipper type system, and between which some extinguishing capsules are housed; presenting that base a housing of a parachute that is released once the projectile has been disassembled, thereby also releasing the said capsules.
  • extinguishing capsules are configured, according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, in hexagonal capsules stacked in a multi-level tower and connected in a network that improves the distribution and spacing between them in their application.
  • each of these levels has thirty-seven capsules arranged hexagonally.
  • said capsules of the same level are joined by flexible elements, allowing to maintain a certain geometry, as well as a spacing between the capsules, while the following levels are linked to any of the capsules of the level precedent, in order to draw a mosaic in its fall; so that by varying the separation between adjacent capsules, the density of extinguishing agent dissipated per unit area is varied; Mosaics are created online or in polygonal form depending on the application for direct attack or firewall.
  • a small amount of water (approximately 10 g) or another chemical with an appropriate vapor phase expansion ratio can be added.
  • each capsule has a temperature opening (between 300 and 500 ° C) that determines the increase in internal pressure (between 60 and 80 bar) that causes its breakage.
  • each capsule can have two caps with a notch that favors its breakage in a controlled way.
  • the head of each projectile has a mechanical timer that allows to program the moment of disassembly of the projectile after its launch.
  • This timer can be mounted in two separable halves and have an actuator that moves by action of the air pressure after launch thus activating the timer, a closing mechanism that acts on a trigger and an elastic energy storage element.
  • the timer After the time with which the timer has been programmed, and at a certain height above the target, it will release the interlocking of the trigger closing mechanism, producing the separation of the separable halves, which will turn in the opposite direction to the projectile's advance by the action of the wind, so that when the air enters the interior of the projectile at high speed the parachute is moved back quickly, unfolding and producing the braking of the projectile, at which time the capsules begin a free fall, already separated from the projectile , so that the capsules will separate in their fall, but will maintain the distance and spatial distribution with which they have been joined.
  • the system of the invention has the advantages of allowing a continuous attack of the fire, allows extinguishing actions regardless of weather conditions, allows direct attacks on the fire, makes it possible to extinguish from the base of the flames, allows to avoid the use of water in the extinction in periods of greater risk and facilitates the use of the system in isolation for creation of firewalls and creation of control perimeters. In addition, risks of excessive approach of operators to fire are avoided.
  • Figure 1 Represents a perspective view of a vehicle with projectile firing means, made according to the ballistic system for controlling and extinguishing forest fires of the present invention.
  • Figure 2. It is a perspective view of a projectile usable with the firing means referred to in the previous figure 1 and made according to the system of the invention.
  • Figure 3, - Represents a perspective view of the projectile of the previous figure 2 once it is partially open, showing a capsule tower of extinguishing material inside.
  • Figure 4.- Represents a perspective view of the projectile of the previous figures 2 and 3 once it has been fired and opened, the fire extinguishing means being in the deployment phase.
  • Figure 5. It is a perspective view analogous to part of the previous figure 4 but said means of extinction being in a phase of greater deployment.
  • Figure 6. Represents a perspective view of a detail of the projectile of the previous figures 2 to 5, showing the base on which lateral halves are articulated and in which a parachute is housed.
  • Figure 7, Represents a perspective view of part of a timer device that is included in the head of the projectile referred to in the previous figures.
  • Figure 8. It is a view analogous to the previous figure 7 but a closing mechanism of the timer device being in open arrangement, while the previous figure 7 showed it closed.
  • Figure 9 Represents a perspective view of the upper part of the projectile mentioned in previous figures, showing the arrangement therein of the timer mechanism referred to in figures 7 and 8.
  • Figure 10. It is a perspective view of the timer mechanism of Figures 7 to 9 but showing details of its internal constitution.
  • Figure 11. It is a perspective view of separable halves in which the timer device referred to in Figures 7 to 10 is mounted. DESCRIPTION OF AN EXAMPLE OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Next, a description of an example of the invention is made by making reference to the numbering adopted in the figures.
  • the ballistic system for the control and extinction of forest fires of the present example of the invention has firing means 1 that in the present example are materialized by a cannon that can act with angles greater and less than 45 ° and that it is positioned in the chassis of a vehicle 2, as can be seen in figure 1.
  • the projectiles launched by that cannon 1 can be seen in figure 2 in its firing arrangement, showing in figures 3 to 11 details of said projectiles 3 or phases of the same after its launch.
  • Each projectile 3 houses some extinguishing substances, so that after its launch, said extinguishing substance is released, allowing direct fire extinguishing and preventive positioning actions, as well as firewalls.
  • the barrel 1 has an air compressor capable of reaching pressures of the order of 100 bar and a compressed air tank of sufficient volume.
  • each projectile 3 has a base 5 which holds by means of hinges 11 to two lateral halves 4 joined superiorly by a head and between which some extinguishing capsules 7 are housed, said base having a housing 10 for a parachute 8 that is released once the projectile 3 has been disassembled , which also releases said capsules 7, as shown in Figures 3 to 6.
  • the said extinguishing capsules 7 are configured in hexagonal capsules stacked in a multi-level tower and connected in a network 9 that improves the distribution and spacing between them in their application, as can be seen in figures 3, 4 and 5; each of said levels having thirty-seven capsules 7 arranged hexagonally; although in other examples both the geometry and the arrangement of those cans or capsules 7 can be varied.
  • the capsules 7 of the same level are joined by flexible elements, allowing to maintain a certain geometry, as well as a spacing between them, while the following levels are attached to some of the capsules. 7 of the previous level, in order to draw a mosaic in its fall, so that by varying the separation between adjacent capsules 7, the density of the extinguishing agent dissipated per unit area can be varied, showing part of the said mosaic in the figure 5.
  • each capsule 7 has a temperature opening between 300 and 500 ° C determining the increase in internal pressure, between 60 and 80 bar, which causes its breakage.
  • the capsules 7 can be made with two caps and a notch that favors their breakage in a controlled manner.
  • Another characteristic detail of the present example consists of a mechanical timer 12 which is located in the head 6 of the projectile 3 and which allows the timing of disassembly to be programmed, said timer 12 being appreciated in Figures 7 to 10.
  • This mechanical timer 12 is mounted in two separable halves 17 that can be seen in figures 9 and 11.
  • the timer 12 has an actuator 14 that moves by action of the air pressure after launching thereby activating the timer, a closing mechanism 13 acting on a trigger 16 and an elastic energy storage element 15, such and as can be seen in figures 7, 8 and 10.
  • the locking mechanism of the shutter release mechanism 16 is released, resulting in the separation of the separable halves 17, which rotate in the opposite direction to the advance of the projectile by the action of the wind.
  • the parachute 8 is displaced backwards, deploying and producing the braking of the projectile 3, so that the capsules 7 begin a free fall already separated from the projectile and separating but maintaining a distance and spatial distribution that optimizes the distribution of extinguishing agents.
  • At least two people in charge of shooting and reload maneuvers will be available in the system management of the present example, and may perform its extinction tasks in an area equal to 2 ⁇ r 2 , where r is the radius of action of cannon 1, creating control perimeters within that surface.
  • r is the radius of action of cannon 1, creating control perimeters within that surface.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
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  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a ballistic system for controlling and extinguishing forest fires, including means for firing projectiles containing extinguishing substances which are released upon launch, thereby facilitating the use of the system for direct extinguishing and preventive positioning operations, as well as for creating firebreaks.

Description

SISTEMA BALÍSTICO PARA EL CONTROL Y LA EXTINCIÓN BALLISTIC SYSTEM FOR CONTROL AND EXTINCTION
DE INCENDIOS FORESTALESFOREST FIRE
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓNOBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención, tal y como se expresa en el enunciado de esta memoria descriptiva, se refiere a un sistema balístico para el control y la extinción de incendios forestales, cuya finalidad es proporcionar unos medios novedosos para actuaciones de extinción directas de fuegos, preferentemente forestales, facilitándose también posicionamientos preventivos y cortafuegos, para lo cual la invención cuenta con unos medios de disparo de proyectiles en los que se alojan sustancias extintoras que son liberadas en cada proyectil tras su lanzamiento.The present invention, as expressed in the statement of this specification, refers to a ballistic system for the control and extinction of forest fires, the purpose of which is to provide innovative means for direct extinguishing actions of fires, preferably forest , also facilitating preventive positions and firewalls, for which the invention has a means of firing projectiles in which extinguishing substances are lodged that are released in each projectile after its launch.
Con el desarrollo de un sistema balístico móvil que posicione cargas de un determinado agente extintor a distancia, se pretende tener una capacidad de actuación rápida y segura, aumentar la eficacia de los medios actuales de extinción de incendios, reducir los riesgos del personal involucrado en su extinción, y minimizar los efectos del fuego en los ecosistemas.With the development of a mobile ballistic system that positions loads of a certain extinguishing agent at a distance, it is intended to have a rapid and safe acting capacity, increase the effectiveness of the current means of fire extinguishing, reduce the risks of personnel involved in its extinction, and minimize the effects of fire on ecosystems.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Los principales inconvenientes de los sistemas de extinción de incendios actuales se refieren principalmente al peligro que corren los operarios, tanto terrestres como de vehículos aéreos, a dificultades de acceso al lugar del incendio, a factores meteorológicos y a limitaciones del abastecimiento y transporte de las sustancias extintoras.The main drawbacks of the current fire extinguishing systems relate mainly to the danger that operators, both land and air vehicles, to difficulties in accessing the fire place, weather factors and limitations in the supply and transport of extinguishing substances .
El fenómeno de los incendios forestales se ha convertido en uno de los mayores problemas ecológicos a nivel mundial, especialmente en España y Portugal. La tendencia actual en el número de incendios y superficie quemada es creciente. Las innovaciones tecnológicas en este campo, se centran principalmente en técnicas de prevención, predicción y gestión de recursos en la lucha contra el fuego.The phenomenon of forest fires has become one of the biggest ecological problems worldwide, especially in Spain and Portugal. The current trend in the number of fires and burned area is increasing. The technological innovations in This field, mainly focus on techniques of prevention, prediction and management of resources in the fight against fire.
Es un hecho muy conocido que el agua en estado natural no es un medio muy efectivo para apagar un incendio debido a que hasta un 98% del agua no participa en la extinción sino que al contrario, resbala de los objetos candentes sin alcanzar siquiera la combustión primaria . Actualmente, la extinción de incendios se realiza mediante vehículos aéreos, con aviones (hidroaviones o terrestres) y helicópteros, y con vehículos terrestres; autobombas, motobombas, etc que transportan agua y que es lanzada sobre el foco del incendio, normalmente con aditivos químicos, como son retardantes del punto de ebullición del agua o espumantes para dificultar la combustión una vez esparcida la mezcla.It is a well-known fact that water in its natural state is not a very effective means to extinguish a fire because up to 98% of the water does not participate in extinction but instead, slips from burning objects without even burning primary . Currently, firefighting is carried out by aerial vehicles, with airplanes (seaplanes or land) and helicopters, and with land vehicles; pumps, motor pumps, etc. that transport water and which is thrown on the fire's focus, usually with chemical additives, such as water boiling point retardants or foaming agents to hinder combustion once the mixture has spread.
La operación de los medios aéreos ha de realizarse a muy baja altura y en condiciones de "vuelo visual", es decir de día y a la vista del incendio y de la orografía circundante. Una vez realizado el lanzamiento del líquido sobre la zona del incendio, la aeronave ha de volver a recargar agua en un pantano, lago o mar cercano en el caso de hidroaviones y helicópteros o en un aeropuerto, aeródromo o lugar habilitado al efecto, en el caso de aviones terrestres y aunque depende del entorno geográfico y de las infraestructuras en la zona del incendio, se puede establecer en no menos de 15 minutos el tiempo medio que la aeronave tardará en volver a estar en posición de lanzamiento.The operation of the air means must be carried out at a very low altitude and in conditions of "visual flight", that is, by day and in sight of the fire and the surrounding orography. Once the liquid has been launched on the fire zone, the aircraft must recharge water in a swamp, lake or nearby sea in the case of hydroplanes and helicopters or in an airport, airfield or place enabled for that purpose, in the In the case of land planes and although it depends on the geographical environment and the infrastructure in the fire zone, it can be established in no less than 15 minutes the average time it will take for the aircraft to return to being in the launch position.
En cuanto a los medios terrestres, poseen una gran limitación en el acceso al incendio forestal y su acción se limita a las zonas próximas a vías de comunicación que permitan su paso.As for the terrestrial means, they have a great limitation in the access to the forest fire and their action is limited to the areas near communication routes that Allow your passage.
Respecto al área de extinción efectiva que es capaz de abarcar una aeronave, depende de variados y complejos factores, difíciles de evaluar, como son el tipo, cantidad y estado de la vegetación que esté ardiendo, el viento, el humo reinante y la turbulencia existente, así como la altura y precisión del lanzamiento, que a su vez pueden depender del entorno orográfico y por supuesto de la cantidad de líquido que sea capaz de transportar la aeronave, ya que ésta puede variar desde 500 a 6.000 litros, llegando incluso a haber aviones con mayor capacidad, pero con el inconveniente de que debido a su gran tamaño tienen escasa maniobrabilidad, especialmente a muy baja altura. Además, debido a su tamaño, son aviones terrestres que requieren mucha infraestructura para su uso. Por otra parte, su tiempo de reacción y rotación es mucho más elevado que el de los aviones pequeños o medianos, por lo que solo son realmente efectivos en entornos orográficos y geográficos muy determinados, de manera que a efectos del estudio que nos concierne, se puede considerar como área útil extinguida el rango que va de los 500 m2 para los helicópteros o aviones pequeños a los 2.000 m2 en el mejor de los casos para los aviones medianos. De cualquier manera, las estadísticas y datos al respecto son escasos, difusos e incluso contradictorios, dependiendo de quien los emita, si los constructores u organismos oficiales.Regarding the effective extinction area that is capable of covering an aircraft, it depends on varied and complex factors, difficult to assess, such as the type, quantity and state of the vegetation that is burning, the wind, the reigning smoke and the existing turbulence , as well as the height and precision of the launch, which in turn can depend on the orographic environment and of course the amount of liquid that is capable of transporting the aircraft, since this can vary from 500 to 6,000 liters, even having airplanes with greater capacity, but with the disadvantage that due to their large size they have poor maneuverability, especially at a very low height. In addition, due to their size, they are land planes that require a lot of infrastructure for their use. On the other hand, their reaction and rotation time is much higher than that of small or medium-sized airplanes, so they are only really effective in very specific orographic and geographical environments, so that for the purposes of the study that concerns us, You can consider the range from 500 m 2 for helicopters or small planes to 2,000 m 2 as an extinct useful area, at best for medium-sized airplanes. In any case, statistics and data in this regard are scarce, diffuse and even contradictory, depending on who issues them, whether the builders or official bodies.
Lo que si es evidente es la gran importancia de los medios aéreos en el combate contra los incendios forestales, así como que la precisión y la oportunidad del lanzamiento y la continuidad en éstos son los factores más importantes para conseguir la máxima efectividad en la extinción. Las nuevas invenciones en este campo de la extinción se centran en mejorar ciertos aspectos de los sistemas ya existentes; reducción de tiempos, aumento de la capacidad de carga, etc. Ejemplos de estas mejoras son los nuevos Canadair CL-415, BE-200, en vehículos aéreos y Jumbo Tank PHF 2OT en vehículos terrestres.What is evident is the great importance of the aerial means in the fight against forest fires, as well as that the precision and the opportunity of the launch and the continuity in these are the most important factors to achieve the maximum effectiveness in the extinction. New inventions in this field of extinction focus on improving certain aspects of existing systems; reduced time, increased load capacity, etc. Examples of these improvements are the new Canadair CL-415, BE-200, in aerial vehicles and Jumbo Tank PHF 2OT in land vehicles.
Los medios aéreos y terrestres convencionales de extinción de incendios presentan limitaciones de operación, como son las de tipo meteorológicas (operación exclusivamente diurna, nubes, nieblas, vientos, etc) , las de tipo orográficas (inaccesibilidad de las zonas incendiadas, peligrosidad de las pasadas) o las de tipo operativas (tiempos de reacción, tiempos entre pasadas) .Conventional aerial and terrestrial means of firefighting have operating limitations, such as those of meteorological type (exclusively daytime operation, clouds, fogs, winds, etc.), those of orographic type (inaccessibility of burned areas, danger of passes ) or operating type (reaction times, times between passes).
La accesibilidad al foco del incendio es uno de los problemas más importantes en la extinción de un incendio forestal. Aproximadamente el 60% de los incendios son de carácter intencionado por lo que el foco suele localizarse lo más inaccesible posible para causar el mayor daño posible. La dependencia de las vías de comunicación y de las condiciones ambientales son las grandes limitaciones de los sistemas actuales. Para poder acceder allí donde no existen tales vías y en cualquier momento, se hace necesario el uso de vehículos aéreos . Estos deben realizar las tareas de carga y descarga, por lo que el tiempo útil de extinción es prácticamente la mitad del tiempo de vuelo.Accessibility to the focus of the fire is one of the most important problems in extinguishing a forest fire. Approximately 60% of fires are of an intentional nature, so the focus is usually located as inaccessible as possible to cause as much damage as possible. The dependence on communication channels and environmental conditions are the major limitations of current systems. In order to access where there are no such roads and at any time, it is necessary to use aerial vehicles. These must perform the tasks of loading and unloading, so the useful time of extinction is practically half the flight time.
No conocemos en el estado actual de la técnica ningún sistema balístico para el control y extinción de incendios que cuente con medios de disparo de proyectiles en los que se alojen las sustancias extintoras, según lo hace el sistema de la presente invención.We do not know in the current state of the art any ballistic system for the control and extinction of fires that has projectile firing means in which the extinguishing substances are housed, according to the system of the present invention.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN Para lograr los objetivos y evitar los inconvenientes indicados anteriormente, la invención consiste en un sistema balístico para el control y la extinción de incendios forestales, que facilita la extinción del correspondiente fuego con aplicación de agua y/o sustancias extintoras .DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION To achieve the objectives and avoid the inconveniences indicated above, the invention consists of a ballistic system for the control and extinction of forest fires, which facilitates the extinction of the corresponding fire with application of water and / or extinguishing substances.
Novedosamente, según la invención, el sistema de la misma cuenta con medios de disparo de proyectiles en los que se alojan las referidas sustancias extintoras, las cuales son liberadas en cada proyectil tras su lanzamiento; facilitando tanto actuaciones de extinción directas como posicionamientos preventivos y cortafuegos.Novelly, according to the invention, the system thereof has projectile firing means in which the aforementioned extinguishing substances are housed, which are released in each projectile after its launch; facilitating both direct extinction actions as well as preventive and firewall positions.
Según una realización preferente de la invención, los aludidos medios de disparo consisten en al menos un cañón capaz de actuar con ángulos mayores y menores de 45° y posicionado en el chasis de un vehículo o instalado de forma fija en lugares estratégicos.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned firing means consist of at least one cannon capable of acting with angles greater and less than 45 ° and positioned in the chassis of a vehicle or fixedly installed in strategic locations.
Según la realización preferente de la invención, el aludido cañón cuenta con un compresor de aire capaz de alcanzar presiones del orden de los 100 bar y un depósito de aire comprimido de volumen suficiente.According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned barrel has an air compressor capable of reaching pressures of the order of 100 bar and a reservoir of compressed air of sufficient volume.
En dicha realización, cada proyectil presenta una base que sujeta mediante bisagras a dos mitades laterales unidas superiormente por una cabeza, y lateralmente por un sistema de tipo cremallera, y entre las que se alojan unas cápsulas extintoras; presentando esa base un alojamiento de un paracaídas que se libera una vez que el proyectil se ha desarmado, con lo que también se liberan las referidas cápsulas. Esas cápsulas extintoras se configuran, según la realización preferente de la invención, en cápsulas hexagonales apiladas en una torre de varios niveles y unidas en una red que mejora la distribución y espaciamiento entre las mismas en su aplicación.In said embodiment, each projectile has a base that hinges two lateral halves joined superiorly by a head, and laterally by a zipper type system, and between which some extinguishing capsules are housed; presenting that base a housing of a parachute that is released once the projectile has been disassembled, thereby also releasing the said capsules. These extinguishing capsules are configured, according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, in hexagonal capsules stacked in a multi-level tower and connected in a network that improves the distribution and spacing between them in their application.
En la realización preferente de la invención, cada uno de esos niveles cuenta con treinta y siete cápsulas dispuestas hexagonalmente . Según la referida realización preferente de la invención, las mencionadas cápsulas de un mismo nivel están unidas mediante elementos flexibles, permitiendo mantener una geometría determinada, así como un espaciado entre las cápsulas, mientras que los niveles siguientes van unidos a alguna de las cápsulas del nivel precedente, para así ir dibujando en su caída un mosaico; de manera que mediante la variación de la separación entre cápsulas contiguas se consigue variar la densidad de agente extintor disipado por unidad de superficie; creándose mosaicos en línea o en forma poligonal según la aplicación sea para ataque directo o cortafuegos.In the preferred embodiment of the invention, each of these levels has thirty-seven capsules arranged hexagonally. According to the aforementioned preferred embodiment of the invention, said capsules of the same level are joined by flexible elements, allowing to maintain a certain geometry, as well as a spacing between the capsules, while the following levels are linked to any of the capsules of the level precedent, in order to draw a mosaic in its fall; so that by varying the separation between adjacent capsules, the density of extinguishing agent dissipated per unit area is varied; Mosaics are created online or in polygonal form depending on the application for direct attack or firewall.
Dentro de las cápsulas, conjuntamente con el agente extintor, se puede añadir una pequeña cantidad de agua (aproximadamente 10 g) u otro producto químico con apropiada relación de expansión en fase vapor.Within the capsules, together with the extinguishing agent, a small amount of water (approximately 10 g) or another chemical with an appropriate vapor phase expansion ratio can be added.
En la realización preferente de la invención, cada cápsula cuenta con una apertura por temperatura (entre 300 y 500°C) determinante del aumento de la presión interna (entre 60 y 80 bares) que produce su rotura. Además, cada cápsula puede disponer de dos tapas con una entalla que favorece su rotura de forma controlada.In the preferred embodiment of the invention, each capsule has a temperature opening (between 300 and 500 ° C) that determines the increase in internal pressure (between 60 and 80 bar) that causes its breakage. In addition, each capsule can have two caps with a notch that favors its breakage in a controlled way.
En la realización preferente de la invención, la cabeza de cada proyectil cuenta con un temporizador mecánico que permite programar el momento de desarmado del proyectil tras su lanzamiento.In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the head of each projectile has a mechanical timer that allows to program the moment of disassembly of the projectile after its launch.
Ese temporizador se puede montar en dos mitades separables y disponer de un accionador que se desplaza por acción de la presión del aire tras el lanzamiento activando así al temporizador, un mecanismo de cierre que actúe sobre un disparador y un elemento elástico de almacenamiento de energía.This timer can be mounted in two separable halves and have an actuator that moves by action of the air pressure after launch thus activating the timer, a closing mechanism that acts on a trigger and an elastic energy storage element.
Transcurrido el tiempo con el que se ha programado el temporizador, y a una cierta altura sobre el objetivo, éste liberará el enclavamiento del mecanismo de cierre del disparador, produciéndose la separación de las mitades separables, las cuales giraran en dirección contraria al avance del proyectil por la acción del viento, de manera que al entrar el aire en el interior del proyectil a gran velocidad el paracaídas es desplazado hacia atrás rápidamente, desplegándose y produciendo el frenado del proyectil, comenzando en ese momento las cápsulas una caída libre, separadas ya del proyectil, con lo que las cápsulas irán separándose en su caída, pero mantendrán la distancia y distribución espacial con la que han sido unidas.After the time with which the timer has been programmed, and at a certain height above the target, it will release the interlocking of the trigger closing mechanism, producing the separation of the separable halves, which will turn in the opposite direction to the projectile's advance by the action of the wind, so that when the air enters the interior of the projectile at high speed the parachute is moved back quickly, unfolding and producing the braking of the projectile, at which time the capsules begin a free fall, already separated from the projectile , so that the capsules will separate in their fall, but will maintain the distance and spatial distribution with which they have been joined.
Con la estructura que se ha descrito, el sistema de la invención presenta las ventajas de que permite un ataque continuado del incendio, permite realizar acciones de extinción con independencia de las condiciones climatológicas, permite ataques directos sobre el incendio, posibilita realizar la extinción desde la base de las llamas, permite evitar uso de agua en la extinción en períodos de mayor riesgo y facilita el uso del sistema de forma aislada para creación de cortafuegos y creación de perímetros de control. Además, se evitan riesgos de aproximación excesiva de los operarios al incendio.With the structure that has been described, the system of the invention has the advantages of allowing a continuous attack of the fire, allows extinguishing actions regardless of weather conditions, allows direct attacks on the fire, makes it possible to extinguish from the base of the flames, allows to avoid the use of water in the extinction in periods of greater risk and facilitates the use of the system in isolation for creation of firewalls and creation of control perimeters. In addition, risks of excessive approach of operators to fire are avoided.
A continuación, para facilitar una mejor comprensión de esta memoria descriptiva y formando parte integrante de la misma, se acompañan unas figuras en las que con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo se ha representado el objeto de la invención. BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURASNext, in order to facilitate a better understanding of this descriptive report and as an integral part thereof, some figures are attached in which the object of the invention has been shown as an illustrative and non-limiting nature. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figura 1.- Representa una vista en perspectiva de un vehículo con medios de disparo de proyectiles, realizado según el sistema balístico para el control y la extinción de incendios forestales de la presente invención.Figure 1.- Represents a perspective view of a vehicle with projectile firing means, made according to the ballistic system for controlling and extinguishing forest fires of the present invention.
Figura 2.- Es una vista en perspectiva de un proyectil utilizable con los medios de disparo referidos en la anterior figura 1 y realizado según el sistema de la invención. Figura 3,- Representa una vista en perspectiva del proyectil de la anterior figura 2 una vez que se encuentra parcialmente abierto, mostrando una torre de cápsulas de material extintor en su interior.Figure 2.- It is a perspective view of a projectile usable with the firing means referred to in the previous figure 1 and made according to the system of the invention. Figure 3, - Represents a perspective view of the projectile of the previous figure 2 once it is partially open, showing a capsule tower of extinguishing material inside.
Figura 4.- Representa una vista en perspectiva del proyectil de las anteriores figuras 2 y 3 una vez que ha sido disparado y abierto, encontrándose en fase de despliegue los medios de extinción de incendios.Figure 4.- Represents a perspective view of the projectile of the previous figures 2 and 3 once it has been fired and opened, the fire extinguishing means being in the deployment phase.
Figura 5.- Es una vista en perspectiva análoga a parte de la anterior figura 4 pero estando los referidos medios de extinción en una fase de mayor despliegue.Figure 5.- It is a perspective view analogous to part of the previous figure 4 but said means of extinction being in a phase of greater deployment.
Figura 6.- Representa una vista en perspectiva de un detalle del proyectil de las anteriores figuras 2 a 5, mostrando la base en la que se articulan unas mitades laterales y en la que se aloja un paracaídas . Figura 7,- Representa una vista en perspectiva de parte de un dispositivo temporizador que se incluye en la cabeza del proyectil referido en las anteriores figuras.Figure 6.- Represents a perspective view of a detail of the projectile of the previous figures 2 to 5, showing the base on which lateral halves are articulated and in which a parachute is housed. Figure 7, - Represents a perspective view of part of a timer device that is included in the head of the projectile referred to in the previous figures.
Figura 8.- Es una vista análoga a la anterior figura 7 pero encontrándose un mecanismo de cierre del dispositivo temporizador en disposición abierta, en tanto que la anterior figura 7 lo mostraba cerrado.Figure 8.- It is a view analogous to the previous figure 7 but a closing mechanism of the timer device being in open arrangement, while the previous figure 7 showed it closed.
Figura 9,- Representa una vista en perspectiva de la parte superior del proyectil que se mencionó en anteriores figuras, mostrando la disposición en el mismo del mecanismo temporizador referido en las figuras 7 y 8.Figure 9, - Represents a perspective view of the upper part of the projectile mentioned in previous figures, showing the arrangement therein of the timer mechanism referred to in figures 7 and 8.
Figura 10.- Es una vista en perspectiva del mecanismo temporizador de las figuras 7 a 9 pero mostrando detalles de su constitución interna.Figure 10.- It is a perspective view of the timer mechanism of Figures 7 to 9 but showing details of its internal constitution.
Figura 11.- Es una vista en perspectiva de unas mitades separables en las que se monta el dispositivo temporizador referido en las figuras 7 a 10. DESCRIPCIÓN DE UN EJEMPLO DE REALIZACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN Seguidamente se realiza una descripción de un ejemplo de la invención haciendo referencia a la numeración adoptada en las figuras.Figure 11.- It is a perspective view of separable halves in which the timer device referred to in Figures 7 to 10 is mounted. DESCRIPTION OF AN EXAMPLE OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Next, a description of an example of the invention is made by making reference to the numbering adopted in the figures.
Así, el sistema balístico para el control y la extinción de incendios forestales del presente ejemplo de la invención cuenta con unos medios de disparo 1 que en el presente ejemplo se materializan mediante un cañón que puede actuar con ángulos mayores y menores de 45° y que se posiciona en el chasis de un vehículo 2, tal y como se puede apreciar en la figura 1. Los proyectiles que lanza ese cañón 1 pueden verse en la figura 2 en su disposición de disparo, apreciándose en la figuras 3 a 11 detalles de dichos proyectiles 3 o fases del mismo tras su lanzamiento.Thus, the ballistic system for the control and extinction of forest fires of the present example of the invention has firing means 1 that in the present example are materialized by a cannon that can act with angles greater and less than 45 ° and that it is positioned in the chassis of a vehicle 2, as can be seen in figure 1. The projectiles launched by that cannon 1 can be seen in figure 2 in its firing arrangement, showing in figures 3 to 11 details of said projectiles 3 or phases of the same after its launch.
Cada proyectil 3 aloja unas sustancias extintoras, de manera que tras su lanzamiento se libera dicha sustancia extintora, permitiendo actuaciones de extinción directa de incendios y posicionamientos preventivos, así como cortafuegos .Each projectile 3 houses some extinguishing substances, so that after its launch, said extinguishing substance is released, allowing direct fire extinguishing and preventive positioning actions, as well as firewalls.
En el presente ejemplo el cañón 1 dispone de un compresor de aire capaz de alcanzar presiones del orden de 100 bar y un depósito de aire comprimido de volumen suficiente .In the present example, the barrel 1 has an air compressor capable of reaching pressures of the order of 100 bar and a compressed air tank of sufficient volume.
Por otra parte, cada proyectil 3 presenta una base 5 que sujeta mediante unas bisagras 11 a dos mitades laterales 4 unidas superiormente por una cabeza y entre las que se alojan unas cápsulas extintoras 7, disponiendo esa base de un alojamiento 10 para un paracaídas 8 que se libera una vez que el proyectil 3 se ha desarmado, con lo que también se liberan las referidas cápsulas 7, tal y como muestran las figuras 3 a 6.On the other hand, each projectile 3 has a base 5 which holds by means of hinges 11 to two lateral halves 4 joined superiorly by a head and between which some extinguishing capsules 7 are housed, said base having a housing 10 for a parachute 8 that is released once the projectile 3 has been disassembled , which also releases said capsules 7, as shown in Figures 3 to 6.
En el presente ejemplo las referidas cápsulas extintoras 7 se configuran en cápsulas hexagonales apiladas en una torre de varios niveles y unidas en una red 9 que mejora la distribución y espaciamiento entre las mismas en su aplicación, tal y como se aprecia en las figuras 3, 4 y 5; disponiendo cada uno de dichos niveles de treinta y siete cápsulas 7 dispuestas hexagonalmente; aunque en otros ejemplos tanto la geometría como la disposición de esas latas o cápsulas 7 puede variarse.In the present example the said extinguishing capsules 7 are configured in hexagonal capsules stacked in a multi-level tower and connected in a network 9 that improves the distribution and spacing between them in their application, as can be seen in figures 3, 4 and 5; each of said levels having thirty-seven capsules 7 arranged hexagonally; although in other examples both the geometry and the arrangement of those cans or capsules 7 can be varied.
Además, según el presente ejemplo de la invención, las cápsulas 7 de un mismo nivel se encuentran unidas mediante elementos flexibles, permitiendo mantener una geometría determinada, así como un espaciado entre las mismas, mientras que los niveles siguientes van unidos a algunas de las cápsulas 7 del nivel precedente, para así ir dibujando en su caída un mosaico, de manera que mediante la variación de la separación entre cápsulas 7 contiguas se consigue variar la densidad de agente extintor disipado por unidad de superficie, apreciándose parte del referido mosaico en la figura 5.Furthermore, according to the present example of the invention, the capsules 7 of the same level are joined by flexible elements, allowing to maintain a certain geometry, as well as a spacing between them, while the following levels are attached to some of the capsules. 7 of the previous level, in order to draw a mosaic in its fall, so that by varying the separation between adjacent capsules 7, the density of the extinguishing agent dissipated per unit area can be varied, showing part of the said mosaic in the figure 5.
En el presente ejemplo, dentro de las cápsulas 7, junto con el agente extintor, se añade una pequeña cantidad de agua de unos 10 g., u otro producto químico con apropiada relación de expansión en fase vapor.In the present example, within the capsules 7, together with the extinguishing agent, a small amount of water of about 10 g., Or another chemical with an appropriate vapor phase expansion ratio is added.
Por otra parte, en el presente ejemplo cada cápsula 7 cuenta con una apertura por temperatura entre 300 y 500°C determinante del aumento de la presión interna, entre 60 y 80 bar, que produce su rotura.On the other hand, in the present example each capsule 7 has a temperature opening between 300 and 500 ° C determining the increase in internal pressure, between 60 and 80 bar, which causes its breakage.
Las cápsulas 7 pueden realizarse con dos tapas y una entalla que favorezca su rotura de forma controlada. Otro detalle característico del presente ejemplo consiste en un temporizador mecánico 12 que se encuentra en la cabeza 6 del proyectil 3 y que permite programar el momento del desarmado, apreciándose dicho temporizador 12 en las figuras 7 a 10. Este temporizador mecánico 12 se monta en dos mitades separables 17 que pueden apreciarse en las figuras 9 y 11.The capsules 7 can be made with two caps and a notch that favors their breakage in a controlled manner. Another characteristic detail of the present example consists of a mechanical timer 12 which is located in the head 6 of the projectile 3 and which allows the timing of disassembly to be programmed, said timer 12 being appreciated in Figures 7 to 10. This mechanical timer 12 is mounted in two separable halves 17 that can be seen in figures 9 and 11.
Además, el temporizador 12 cuenta con un accionador 14 que se desplaza por acción de la presión del aire tras el lanzamiento activando así al temporizador, un mecanismo de cierre 13 que actúa sobre un disparador 16 y un elemento elástico de almacenamiento de energía 15, tal y como puede verse en las figuras 7, 8 y 10.In addition, the timer 12 has an actuator 14 that moves by action of the air pressure after launching thereby activating the timer, a closing mechanism 13 acting on a trigger 16 and an elastic energy storage element 15, such and as can be seen in figures 7, 8 and 10.
Transcurrido el tiempo con el que se ha programado el temporizador 12, a cierta altura sobre el objetivo de la aplicación, se libera el enclavamiento del mecanismo de cierre del disparador 16, produciéndose la separación de las mitades separables 17, las cuales giran en dirección contraria al avance del proyectil por la acción del viento. Así, al entrar el aire en el interior del proyectil a gran velocidad, el paracaídas 8 es desplazado hacia atrás, desplegándose y produciéndose el frenado del proyectil 3, de manera que las cápsulas 7 comienzan una caída libre ya separadas del proyectil y separándose pero manteniendo una distancia y distribución espacial que optimiza la distribución de los agentes extintores.After the time with which the timer 12 has been programmed, at a certain height above the purpose of the application, the locking mechanism of the shutter release mechanism 16 is released, resulting in the separation of the separable halves 17, which rotate in the opposite direction to the advance of the projectile by the action of the wind. Thus, when the air enters the interior of the projectile at high speed, the parachute 8 is displaced backwards, deploying and producing the braking of the projectile 3, so that the capsules 7 begin a free fall already separated from the projectile and separating but maintaining a distance and spatial distribution that optimizes the distribution of extinguishing agents.
Además, se ha previsto que en el manejo del sistema del presente ejemplo se disponga al menos de dos personas encargadas de maniobras de tiro y recarga, pudiendo realizar sus tareas de extinción en un área igual a 2πr2, siendo r el radio de acción del cañón 1, creando perímetros de control dentro de esa superficie. Así, con un número reducido de personas se puede actuar sobre una amplia extensión de terreno, disponiendo a los operarios y a los recursos de una manera eficiente. In addition, it is envisaged that at least two people in charge of shooting and reload maneuvers will be available in the system management of the present example, and may perform its extinction tasks in an area equal to 2πr 2 , where r is the radius of action of cannon 1, creating control perimeters within that surface. Thus, with a small number of people, it is possible to act on a wide area of land, providing operators and resources in an efficient manner.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES : CLAIMS:
1.- SISTEMA BALÍSTICO PARA EL CONTROL Y LA EXTINCIÓN DE INCENDIOS FORESTALES, que facilita la extinción del correspondiente fuego con aplicación de agua y/o sustancias extintoras; caracterizado porque cuenta con medios de disparo (1) de proyectiles (3) en los que se alojan las referidas sustancias extintoras, las cuales son liberadas en cada proyectil (3) tras su lanzamiento; facilitando tanto actuaciones de extinción directas como posicionamientos preventivos y cortafuegos.1.- BALISTIC SYSTEM FOR THE CONTROL AND EXTINCTION OF FOREST FIRE, which facilitates the extinction of the corresponding fire with application of water and / or extinguishing substances; characterized in that it has firing means (1) of projectiles (3) in which the aforementioned extinguishing substances are housed, which are released in each projectile (3) after its launch; facilitating both direct extinction actions as well as preventive and firewall positions.
2. - SISTEMA BALÍSTICO PARA EL CONTROL Y LA EXTINCIÓN DE INCENDIOS FORESTALES, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque dichos medios de disparo consisten en al menos un cañón (1) capaz de actuar con ángulos mayores y menores de 45° y posicionado en el chasis de un vehículo (2) o instalado de forma fija en lugares estratégicos .2. - BALLISTIC SYSTEM FOR CONTROL AND EXTINCTION OF FOREST FIRE, according to claim 1, characterized in that said firing means consist of at least one cannon (1) capable of acting with angles greater and less than 45 ° and positioned in the chassis of a vehicle (2) or fixedly installed in strategic locations.
3. - SISTEMA BALÍSTICO PARA EL CONTROL Y LA EXTINCIÓN DE INCENDIOS FORESTALES, según la reivindicación 2, caracterizado porque dicho cañón (1) cuenta con un compresor de aire capaz de alcanzar presiones del orden de los 100 bares y un depósito de aire comprimido de volumen suficiente.3. - BALLISTIC SYSTEM FOR CONTROL AND EXTINCTION OF FOREST FIRE, according to claim 2, characterized in that said barrel (1) has an air compressor capable of reaching pressures of the order of 100 bars and a reservoir of compressed air of Enough volume
4. - SISTEMA BALÍSTICO PARA EL CONTROL Y LA EXTINCIÓN DE INCENDIOS FORESTALES, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque cada proyectil (3) presenta una base (5) que sujeta mediante bisagras (11) a dos mitades laterales (4) unidas superiormente por una cabeza (6) y entre las que se alojan unas cápsulas extintoras (7) ; presentando esa base (5) un alojamiento (10) de un paracaídas (8) que se libera una vez que el proyectil (3) se ha desarmado, con lo que también se liberan las referidas cápsulas (7) . 4. - BALLISTIC SYSTEM FOR CONTROL AND EXTINCTION OF FOREST FIRE, according to claim 1, characterized in that each projectile (3) has a base (5) that hinges (11) to two lateral halves (4) joined superiorly by a head (6) and between which some extinguishing capsules (7) are housed; presenting that base (5) a housing (10) of a parachute (8) that is released once the projectile (3) has been disassembled, thereby also releasing the said capsules (7).
5. - SISTEMA BALÍSTICO PARA EL CONTROL Y LA EXTINCIÓN DE INCENDIOS FORESTALES, según la reivindicación 4, caracterizado porque dichas cápsulas extintoras (7) se configuran en cápsulas hexagonales apiladas en una torre de varios niveles y unidas en una red (9) que mejora la distribución y espaciamiento entre las mismas en su aplicación.5. - BALLISTIC SYSTEM FOR CONTROL AND EXTINCTION OF FOREST FIRE, according to claim 4, characterized in that said extinguishing capsules (7) are configured in hexagonal capsules stacked in a tower of several levels and joined in a network (9) that improves the distribution and spacing between them in their application.
6. - SISTEMA BALÍSTICO PARA EL CONTROL Y LA EXTINCIÓN DE INCENDIOS FORESTALES, según la reivindicación 5, caracterizado porque cada uno de dichos niveles cuenta con treinta y siete cápsulas (7) dispuestas hexagonalmente .6. - BALISTIC SYSTEM FOR THE CONTROL AND EXTINCTION OF FOREST FIRE, according to claim 5, characterized in that each of said levels has thirty-seven capsules (7) arranged hexagonally.
7,- SISTEMA BALÍSTICO PARA EL CONTROL Y LA EXTINCIÓN DE INCENDIOS FORESTALES, según la reivindicación 5 ó 6, caracterizado porque las cápsulas (7) de un mismo nivel están unidas mediante elementos flexibles, permitiendo mantener una geometría determinada, así como un espaciado entre las cápsulas (7) , mientras que los niveles siguientes van unidos a algunas de las cápsulas (7) del nivel precedente, para así ir dibujando en su caída un mosaico; de manera que mediante la variación de la separación entre cápsulas (7) contiguas, se consigue variar la densidad de agente extintor disipado por unidad de superficie; creándose mosaicos en línea o en forma poligonal según la aplicación sea para ataque directo o cortafuegos .7, - BALLISTIC SYSTEM FOR THE CONTROL AND EXTINCTION OF FOREST FIRE, according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the capsules (7) of the same level are joined by flexible elements, allowing to maintain a certain geometry, as well as a spacing between the capsules (7), while the following levels are linked to some of the capsules (7) of the previous level, in order to draw a mosaic in its fall; so that by varying the separation between adjacent capsules (7), the density of extinguishing agent dissipated per unit area is achieved; Mosaics are created online or in polygonal form depending on the application for direct attack or firewall.
8.- SISTEMA BALÍSTICO PARA EL CONTROL Y LA EXTINCIÓN DE INCENDIOS FORESTALES, según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 4 a 7, caracterizado porque dentro de las cápsulas (7) , conjuntamente con el agente extintor, se añade una pequeña cantidad de agua (aproximadamente 10 g) u otro producto químico con apropiada relación de expansión en fase vapor. 8. BALLISTIC SYSTEM FOR CONTROL AND EXTINCTION OF FOREST FIRE, according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that within the capsules (7), together with the extinguishing agent, a small amount of water is added (approximately 10 g) or another chemical with an appropriate vapor phase expansion ratio.
9,- SISTEMA BALÍSTICO PARA EL CONTROL Y LA EXTINCIÓN9, - BALLISTIC SYSTEM FOR CONTROL AND EXTINCTION
DE INCENDIOS FORESTALES, según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 4 a 8, caracterizado porgue cada cápsulaFOREST FIRE, according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that each capsule
(7) cuenta con una apertura por temperatura (entre 300 y 500°C) determinante del aumento de la presión interna(7) has a temperature opening (between 300 and 500 ° C) that determines the increase in internal pressure
(entre 60 y 80 bar) que produce su rotura.(between 60 and 80 bar) that produces its breakage.
10.- SISTEMA BALÍSTICO PARA EL CONTROL Y LA EXTINCIÓN DE INCENDIOS FORESTALES/ según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 4 a 9, caracterizado porque cada cápsula (7) dispone de dos tapas con una entalla que favorece su rotura de forma controlada.10.- BALLISTIC SYSTEM FOR CONTROL AND EXTINCTION OF FOREST FIRE / according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that each capsule (7) has two caps with a notch that favors its breakage in a controlled manner.
11.- SISTEMA BALÍSTICO PARA EL CONTROL Y LA EXTINCIÓN DE INCENDIOS FORESTALES, según la reivindicación 4, caracterizado porque en dicha cabeza (6) se dispone un temporizador mecánico (12) que permite programar el momento de desarmado del proyectil (3) tras su lanzamiento.11.- BALLISTIC SYSTEM FOR CONTROL AND EXTINCTION OF FOREST FIRE, according to claim 4, characterized in that said head (6) has a mechanical timer (12) that allows programming the moment of disassembly of the projectile (3) after launching.
12.- SISTEMA BALÍSTICO PARA EL CONTROL Y LA EXTINCIÓN DE INCENDIOS FORESTALES, según la reivindicación 11, caracterizado porque dicho temporizador (12) se monta en dos mitades separables (17) y cuenta con un accionador (14) que se desplaza por acción de la presión del aire tras el lanzamiento activando así al temporizador, un mecanismo de cierre (13) que actúa sobre un disparador (16) y un elemento elástico de almacenamiento de energía (15) .12.- BALISTIC SYSTEM FOR CONTROL AND EXTINCTION OF FOREST FIRE, according to claim 11, characterized in that said timer (12) is mounted in two separable halves (17) and has an actuator (14) that moves by action of the air pressure after launching thus activating the timer, a closing mechanism (13) acting on a trigger (16) and an elastic energy storage element (15).
13. - SISTEMA BALÍSTICO PARA EL CONTROL Y LA EXTINCIÓN DE INCENDIOS FORESTALES, según la reivindicación 12, caracterizado porque transcurrido el tiempo con el que se ha programado el temporizador (12) , y a una cierta altura sobre el objetivo, éste libera el enclavamiento del mecanismo de cierre del disparador13. - BALLISTIC SYSTEM FOR CONTROL AND EXTINCTION OF FOREST FIRE, according to claim 12, characterized in that the elapsed time (12) has elapsed, and at a certain height above the target, it releases the interlocking of the shutter release mechanism
(16) , produciéndose la separación de las mitades separables (17) , las cuales giran en dirección contraria al avance del proyectil por la acción del viento, de manera que al entrar el aire en el interior del proyectil a gran velocidad (velocidad del proyectil en ese instante) , el paracaídas (8) es desplazado hacia atrás rápidamente, desplegándose y produciendo el frenado del proyectil (3) , comenzando en este momento las cápsulas(16), producing the separation of the halves separable (17), which rotate in the opposite direction to the advance of the projectile by the action of the wind, so that when the air enters the interior of the projectile at high speed (projectile speed at that moment), the parachute (8) it is moved back quickly, unfolding and producing the braking of the projectile (3), starting at this time the capsules
(7) una caída libre, separadas ya del proyectil (3) , con lo que las cápsulas (7) irán separándose en su caída, pero mantendrán la distancia y distribución espacial con la que han sido unidas . (7) a free fall, already separated from the projectile (3), so that the capsules (7) will be separated in their fall, but will maintain the distance and spatial distribution with which they have been joined.
PCT/ES2008/000474 2007-07-04 2008-07-03 Ballistic system for controlling and extinguishing forest fires WO2009004105A1 (en)

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