JP2005177046A - Fire extinguishing method - Google Patents
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- JP2005177046A JP2005177046A JP2003420416A JP2003420416A JP2005177046A JP 2005177046 A JP2005177046 A JP 2005177046A JP 2003420416 A JP2003420416 A JP 2003420416A JP 2003420416 A JP2003420416 A JP 2003420416A JP 2005177046 A JP2005177046 A JP 2005177046A
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本発明は、例えば山林や船舶などの火災を消火する方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for extinguishing fires such as forests and ships.
従来、火災における消火方法は、大量の水を噴射させる放水消火、もしくは化学薬品等による噴霧消火が主として用いられている。例えば特許文献1では、可溶化剤を含有する水に、低沸点のフッ化炭化水素を可溶化または懸濁して得た消火剤を易破壊性容器に充填密封し、火災発生の際、その熱膨張圧力により容器を破壊して消火剤を放出させて消火する方法。また特許文献2では、粉末消火剤を手投げ可能な球状等とし、その表面を火災時の熱で溶解または分解する物質の薄膜で覆う構造とした手投げ式粉末消火剤が提案されている。 Conventionally, as a fire extinguishing method in a fire, a water discharge fire-extinguishing method in which a large amount of water is injected or a spray fire-extinguishing method using a chemical or the like is mainly used. For example, in Patent Document 1, a fire-resistant agent obtained by solubilizing or suspending a low-boiling fluorocarbon in water containing a solubilizing agent is filled and sealed in an easily destructible container. A method of extinguishing fire by destroying the container with the expansion pressure and releasing a fire extinguishing agent. Patent Document 2 proposes a hand-throwing powder fire extinguisher that has a structure in which a powder fire extinguisher is made into a spherical shape that can be thrown by hand and the surface is covered with a thin film of a substance that dissolves or decomposes by heat during a fire.
しかしながら、上記のような従来の消火方法は、山林火災や海上の船舶火災等についてはいづれもあまり有効でなく、数日間に亘る大規模な火災となることが多く、当然被害金額も莫大な額となることが多い。 However, conventional fire extinguishing methods such as those described above are not very effective for forest fires, marine fires, etc., and often result in large-scale fires over several days. Often.
本発明は、例えば大規模な山林火災や海上の船舶火災等に対して、従来の消火方法と全く異なる有効な消火方法を提案することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to propose an effective fire extinguishing method that is completely different from a conventional fire extinguishing method for, for example, a large-scale forest fire or a marine ship fire.
上記の目的を達成するため、本発明に係る消火方法は、火災現場において水素爆発を発生させて火災を消火することを特徴とする。爆発させる水素は、高圧容器に封入した気体水素または液化水素を用いることができる。これらの容器を火災現場に置けば火災の熱によって温度が上昇し中の水素が急激に放出されて水素爆発を発生させるに至り、本発明はこれを利用して消火する方法である。本発明において用いる水素は上記のほかに、水素を吸着させた水素吸蔵合金の粉体も使用することができる。水素吸蔵合金の粉体も火災現場では温度上昇により吸着した水素を急激に放出するため有効である。 In order to achieve the above object, a fire extinguishing method according to the present invention is characterized in that a hydrogen explosion is generated at a fire site to extinguish the fire. As the hydrogen to be exploded, gaseous hydrogen or liquefied hydrogen sealed in a high-pressure vessel can be used. If these containers are placed at a fire site, the temperature rises due to the heat of the fire, and the hydrogen contained therein is suddenly released to cause a hydrogen explosion, and the present invention is a method of extinguishing fire using this. In addition to the above, the hydrogen used in the present invention may be a hydrogen storage alloy powder adsorbed with hydrogen. Hydrogen-absorbing alloy powder is also effective in the fire scene because it suddenly releases the adsorbed hydrogen due to temperature rise.
本発明に係る消火方法は、上記の気体または液体水素を封入した容器もしくは水素吸蔵合金の粉体を封入した容器を線状または面状に所定の間隔で多数配置して火災現場に投下し、広範囲にわたって同時に水素爆発を発生させる消火方法をとることも有効である。この場合、水素発生源としては上記の1種のみを用いてもよくあるいは2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。また、線状あるいは面状に上記水素源を配置するときは、ロープ状のものあるいはネット状のものを利用してこれらに多数の水素源の容器を取付けて投下することにより、各容器の位置を確保しておいて水素爆発を発生させるのが効果的である。 The fire extinguishing method according to the present invention is a method of disposing a container enclosing the above gas or liquid hydrogen or a container enclosing a hydrogen storage alloy powder in a linear or planar manner at a predetermined interval and dropping it on a fire site, It is also effective to take a fire extinguishing method that simultaneously generates a hydrogen explosion over a wide range. In this case, as the hydrogen generation source, only one kind described above may be used, or two or more kinds may be mixed and used. In addition, when arranging the hydrogen sources in a linear or planar shape, use a rope-like or net-like one to attach and drop a large number of hydrogen source containers, and then position each container. It is effective to generate a hydrogen explosion while ensuring this.
水素が空気中の酸素とある割合で混合すると水素爆発を起こす。水素爆発が発生すると、物理的には(1)爆風が発生する、(2)周囲の酸素を一時的に希薄にする、即ち火災現場周辺を酸素欠乏状態にする。また、化学的には(3)水素と酸素が結合して水が生成する。即ち、本発明に係る消火方法は(1)爆風(2)周囲の酸素欠乏状態(3)水の生成という3つの要素で火災を消火するものである。これについて日常的なわかり易い例を挙げれば、(1)「爆風」は「ろーそくの火」を吹き消すことに該当し、(2)「周囲の酸素欠乏状態」は「ろーそくの火」にコップをかぶせると、コップの中が「酸素欠乏状態」になって自然に火が消えることに該当する。(3)「水の生成」は水をかけて火を消すことに該当する。 When hydrogen is mixed with oxygen in the air at a certain ratio, a hydrogen explosion occurs. When a hydrogen explosion occurs, physically (1) a blast is generated, and (2) the surrounding oxygen is temporarily diluted, that is, the area around the fire site is deficient in oxygen. Chemically, (3) hydrogen and oxygen are combined to produce water. That is, the fire extinguishing method according to the present invention extinguishes a fire by three factors: (1) blast (2) surrounding oxygen deficient state (3) water generation. To give an easy-to-understand example of this, (1) “Blast” is equivalent to blowing out “Rosoku's fire”, and (2) “Oxygen deficiency” is “Rosoku's fire” If you put a cup on the cup, the cup will be “oxygen-deficient” and the fire will go out. (3) “Generation of water” corresponds to extinguishing the fire with water.
水素の保管および運搬方法として、水素は通常気体の状態で高圧ボンベに充填して保管・運搬することが商業的に確立されている。液体水素の状態では、ロケット燃料等特殊な分野ではあるが、高度な技術が確立されている。また、固体としては、水素自体が固体化するわけではないが、水素吸蔵合金に吸蔵させて固体として保管・運搬が可能である。気体の高圧ボンベ、液体水素のロケット燃料等は一般的にも広く知られている。 As a method for storing and transporting hydrogen, it is commercially established that hydrogen is normally stored in a gaseous state in a high-pressure cylinder for storage and transport. In the state of liquid hydrogen, although it is a special field such as rocket fuel, advanced technology has been established. Further, as a solid, hydrogen itself does not solidify, but can be stored and transported as a solid by being stored in a hydrogen storage alloy. Gas high-pressure cylinders, liquid hydrogen rocket fuel, and the like are generally well known.
水素吸蔵合金についてはあまり一般的でないので簡単に説明すると、常温付近で気体の水素を吸収し、加熱すると放出する性質をもつ合金である。この合金は水素を吸収する金属と活性化する金属とからなり、水素分子は活性化され原子状となって金属格子のすき間にとらえられている(侵入型水素化物)。実用化には、単位重量あたり吸収水素量が大きく、水素放出温度の高いものが求められており、La−Ni、Ti−Fe、Mg−Niなどの合金が開発されている。固体と言っても効率よく利用するには、板や棒状でなく、粉末状態の水素吸蔵合金に水素を吸蔵させた状態で利用するのが実用的である。 Since the hydrogen storage alloy is not so common, it will be briefly explained. It is an alloy that absorbs gaseous hydrogen near normal temperature and releases it when heated. This alloy is composed of a metal that absorbs hydrogen and an activated metal, and the hydrogen molecules are activated and become atomic and are caught in the gaps of the metal lattice (interstitial hydride). For practical use, a material having a large absorbed hydrogen amount per unit weight and a high hydrogen release temperature is required, and alloys such as La—Ni, Ti—Fe, and Mg—Ni have been developed. Even if it is said to be a solid, it is practical to use it in a state where hydrogen is occluded in a powdered hydrogen storage alloy instead of a plate or rod.
以上のように水素は気体、液体、固体それぞれの状態で保管・運搬が可能であり、すべて従来の技術で信頼性のあるシステムが種々確立されているので、火災現場の情況、消火体制、消火コストに見合った方法を選択することが可能である。いずれの状態でも火災現場には相当に多量な水素を供給する必要があるため、航空機、船舶等、大量輸送が可能な輸送手段による供給が必要である。小規模な火災は従来の消防車並の輸送手段でも可能であるが、山林火災や海上の船舶火災等には消防車規模では実用的でない。 As described above, hydrogen can be stored and transported in gas, liquid, and solid states, and various reliable systems have been established with all conventional technologies, so the situation at the fire site, fire fighting system, fire fighting It is possible to select a method suitable for the cost. In any state, since it is necessary to supply a considerably large amount of hydrogen to the fire site, supply by means of transportation capable of mass transportation such as airplanes and ships is necessary. Small-scale fires can be transported in the same way as conventional fire trucks, but they are not practical on a fire truck scale for forest fires or marine fires.
本発明は上記のように水素爆発による(1)爆風(2)周囲の酸素欠乏状態(3)水の生成という3つの要素で火災を消火するもので、従来の消火方法では困難な山林火災や海上の船舶火災などに特に有効であり、これらの火災を小規模な初期段階で消火できれば、被害金額も少額でくい止めることができる。 As described above, the present invention extinguishes a fire by three elements: (1) blast due to hydrogen explosion, (2) surrounding oxygen-deficient state, and (3) generation of water. It is particularly effective for marine vessel fires and the like, and if these fires can be extinguished at a small initial stage, the amount of damage can be reduced with a small amount.
図1は本発明の消火方法の1例を示す説明図である。図1は山林火災の例として、火災の発生箇所別に、A:山頂部、B:尾根部分、C:山の斜面、をそれぞれ示したものである。その火災発生箇所に、可及的広範囲に水素源の容器Hを投下分布させて、水素爆発を発生させるのが一般的な構想であるが、航空機等による高い位置からの容器の投下は分布精度に問題があり、さらには投下後に容器Hが山の斜面を転がり落ちる可能性もあり種々問題がある。そこで、図1に示すように例えばネット状に連結したロープの所定の位置に多数の水素源の容器Hを固定して空中より投下すれば、容器Hが一定の範囲に保持され、水素爆発を効果的に発生させることができる。図中丸印は水素源の容器Hである。 FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an example of a fire extinguishing method of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows, as an example of a forest fire, A: mountaintop, B: ridge, and C: slope of a mountain according to the location of the fire. It is a general idea to drop and distribute hydrogen source containers H as much as possible to the location of the fire to generate a hydrogen explosion, but the drop of containers from a high position by aircraft etc. is the distribution accuracy In addition, there is a possibility that the container H may roll down the slope of the mountain after dropping. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, for example, if a large number of hydrogen source containers H are fixed at predetermined positions of a rope connected in a net shape and dropped from the air, the container H is maintained in a certain range, and hydrogen explosion is caused. It can be generated effectively. The circle in the figure is the hydrogen source container H.
水素源の容器Hはあくまでも火災現場で全部が水素を発生して水素爆発を起こさないと消火効率がわるくなる。図1の山頂部A、尾根部分B、山の斜面Cのいずれの場所においても投下した容器Hは火災現場で保持されて機能することが肝要で、例えば山の斜面Cのような場所では、図示したようにネット全体がずり落ちたりするのを防止するため片側に複数のロープYを尾根の反対側まで延長して容器Hの水素放出完了まで所定の位置に保持することが望ましい。 If the hydrogen source container H generates hydrogen at the fire site and does not cause a hydrogen explosion, the fire extinguishing efficiency becomes poor. It is important that the container H dropped in any place of the summit part A, the ridge part B, and the mountain slope C in FIG. 1 be held and function at the fire site. For example, in a place like the mountain slope C, As shown in the drawing, in order to prevent the entire net from sliding down, it is desirable to extend a plurality of ropes Y on one side to the opposite side of the ridge and hold the container H in a predetermined position until the hydrogen release of the container H is completed.
図2は本発明の火災消火方法の海上における船舶火災消火の1例を示す説明図である。火災が発生している船舶Dに対して、水素源の容器Hを多数連結固定した前記と同様のネットを利用して火災部分全体を覆うように航空機から投下する。船舶火災では、船舶が座礁などで傾いているような場合、容器Hが連結されていないと海中へ転がり落ちてしまう危険がある。あるいはまた、容器Hが連結されていなければ、例えば船舶の固い鋼鉄の部分等に当たった場合は海中へ跳ね飛ばされる危険もあり、いずれにしても船舶火災に対して本発明の消火方法を適用するときは、容器HをロープRもしくはネット等で連結固定しておくことが望ましい。 FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing an example of ship fire extinguishing on the sea in the fire extinguishing method of the present invention. The ship D in which a fire has occurred is dropped from the aircraft so as to cover the entire fire part using the same net as described above in which a number of hydrogen source containers H are connected and fixed. In the case of a ship fire, when the ship is tilted on the ground or the like, there is a risk that it will fall into the sea if the container H is not connected. Alternatively, if the container H is not connected, for example, if it hits a hard steel part of a ship, there is a risk of jumping into the sea. In any case, the fire extinguishing method of the present invention is applied to a ship fire. When doing so, it is desirable to connect and fix the container H with a rope R or a net.
本発明に係る消火方法は、上記のように山林火災や海上の船舶火災等、従来の水または化学消火剤を用いる消火方法では困難な火災の消火に極めて有効である。爆風を利用する消火方法であるから、住居・建物の密集地区では周囲の安全を考慮すると、多くの実証実験を重ねる必要があるが、水素の噴出量、周辺の安全管理等の「水素爆発の設計技術」を実験によりレベルアップして行けば住宅地域においても実用化は可能である。 The fire extinguishing method according to the present invention is extremely effective for extinguishing fires that are difficult with conventional fire extinguishing methods using water or chemical extinguishing agents such as forest fires and marine fires as described above. Because it is a fire extinguishing method that uses a blast, it is necessary to carry out many demonstration experiments in the densely populated areas of residences and buildings, considering the safety of the surroundings. If the level of “design technology” is improved through experiments, it can be put to practical use even in residential areas.
A 山頂部
B 尾根部分
C 山の斜面
H 水素源の容器
R ロープ
A Mountaintop B Mountain ridge C Mountain slope H Hydrogen source vessel R Rope
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Cited By (1)
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WO2009004105A1 (en) * | 2007-07-04 | 2009-01-08 | Liz Grana Jose Luis | Ballistic system for controlling and extinguishing forest fires |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2009004105A1 (en) * | 2007-07-04 | 2009-01-08 | Liz Grana Jose Luis | Ballistic system for controlling and extinguishing forest fires |
ES2326013A1 (en) * | 2007-07-04 | 2009-09-28 | Jose Luis Liz Graña | Swing window frame with glazing to facilitate cleaning |
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