WO2008155423A1 - Crawler vehicle track grouser, particularly for snow groomers - Google Patents

Crawler vehicle track grouser, particularly for snow groomers Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008155423A1
WO2008155423A1 PCT/EP2008/057911 EP2008057911W WO2008155423A1 WO 2008155423 A1 WO2008155423 A1 WO 2008155423A1 EP 2008057911 W EP2008057911 W EP 2008057911W WO 2008155423 A1 WO2008155423 A1 WO 2008155423A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fastening member
grouser
track
fastening
gripping member
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/057911
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Hermann Rainer
Martin Kirchmair
Original Assignee
Rolic Invest Sarl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rolic Invest Sarl filed Critical Rolic Invest Sarl
Priority to DE112008001658T priority Critical patent/DE112008001658T5/en
Publication of WO2008155423A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008155423A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D55/00—Endless track vehicles
    • B62D55/08—Endless track units; Parts thereof
    • B62D55/18—Tracks
    • B62D55/26—Ground engaging parts or elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D55/00—Endless track vehicles
    • B62D55/08—Endless track units; Parts thereof
    • B62D55/18—Tracks
    • B62D55/26—Ground engaging parts or elements
    • B62D55/28—Ground engaging parts or elements detachable
    • B62D55/286—For soft grounds, e.g. consisting of snow or swamp

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a crawler vehicle track grouser, particularly for snow groomers .
  • Snow groomers are known to comprise a track in turn comprising a number of parallel flexible supporting belts looped about a number of pulleys, and a number of grousers fixed to the supporting belts, crosswise to the travelling direction of the track.
  • Each grouser comprises a fastening member fixed to at least one supporting belt; and a toothed gripping member extending along at least part of, and projecting from, the fastening member, and by which the grouser grips the terrain.
  • the fastening member and gripping member are normally formed in one piece, or are separate connected parts.
  • a crawler vehicle track grouser particularly for snow groomers, as claimed in the accompanying Claims .
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a snow groomer featuring a preferred embodiment of the track grouser according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic side view of a detail in Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic view in perspective of a detail in Figure 2 ;
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic side view of the Figure 3 detail
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic side view of a first variation of the Figure 3 and 4 detail
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic side view of a second variation of the Figure 3 and 4 detail.
  • Number 1 in Figure 1 indicates as a whole a snow groomer comprising a cab 2, and a track 3 by which to propel groomer 1.
  • Track 3 comprises a number of flexible supporting belts 4 (only one shown in Figure 1), which are normally made of rubber, extend in respective substantially parallel vertical planes, and are looped about a number of pulleys 5 rotated, by a known drive device not shown, about respective axes 6 parallel to one another and to a direction 7 substantially crosswise to the travelling direction 8 of track 3.
  • Track 3 also comprises a number of substantially parallel grousers 9, which extend in direction 7, and are equally spaced along and fastened to belts 4.
  • each grouser 9 comprises an elongated fastening member 10 defined by a contoured bar 11, which extends in direction 7, is preferably, though not necessarily, made of steel, is bounded by an outer surface 12 comprising a substantially flat portion 13 resting on a number of belts 4, depending on the length of bar 11, and has an inner cavity 14 open laterally in direction 7 and bounded by an inner surface 15 comprising a substantially flat portion 16 parallel to and opposite portion 13 of surface 12.
  • Bar 11 is fixed to belts 4 by a fastening device 17 comprising a bar 18, which is inserted inside cavity 14, contacting portion 16, is preferably, though not necessarily, made of aluminium, and has a number of knurled holes 18a formed through bar 18, perpendicularly to portions 13 and 16; and a plate 19 resting on belts 4, on the opposite side to bar 11, and preferably, though not necessarily, made of steel.
  • Bars 11, 18, belts 4, and plate 19 are fastened to one another by a number of bolts 20 extending perpendicularly to portions 13 and 16 and locked axially inside the knurled holes 18a in bar 18.
  • Bar 11 also has a cavity 21, which is located opposite the portion fastening bar 11 to belts 4, opens outwards at surface 12, is bounded laterally in direction 8 by two flat ribs 22 substantially parallel to each other and to direction 7, and extends along at least part of bar 11.
  • Cavity 21 houses an elongated gripping member 23 defined by a substantially flat plate 24, which is preferably, though not necessarily, made of steel, is connected in known manner to bar 11, projects outwards of cavity 21, and has a toothed edge 25 for improving grip of grouser 9 to the terrain.
  • grouser 9 has an aluminium alloy coating 26 applied, in the example shown, about fastening member 10, i.e. to bar 11, and about gripping member 23, i.e. to plate 24.
  • the aluminium alloy may be all- or part-aluminium; coating 26 may be applied only to bar 11, especially when plate 24 is made of aluminium; bar 11 and plate 24 may be coated with aluminium alloy and then connected to each other; bar 11 and plate 24 may be connected to each other and then coated with aluminium alloy; if made of steel, bar 18 and/or plate 19 may also be coated with aluminium alloy.
  • fastening member 10 and gripping member 23 are formed in one piece coated entirely with aluminium alloy.
  • Grouser 9 has several advantages, mainly due to coating 26, which serves as a substitute for painting grouser 9, protects grouser 9 against corrosion and rust, and prevents snow and/or ice from adhering to grouser 9, thus improving grip of track 3 on the terrain .
  • the Figure 5 variation differs from the preceding embodiment solely by cavity 21 being replaced by a substantially L-shaped seat 27 formed directly on outer surface 12 of bar 11 and housing plate 24.
  • grouser 9 since the aluminium alloy coating is not normally effective inside cavity 14, grouser 9 has two plugs for closing the open ends of cavity 14, and which slide inside cavity 14 and are locked inside cavity 14 in direction 7. The plugs prevent cavity 14 from filling with snow and/or ice, and so prevent increasing the weight of grouser 9, and corrosion and rusting when bar 11 is made of steel.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)
  • Cleaning Of Streets, Tracks, Or Beaches (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)

Abstract

A grouser (9) for crawler vehicle tracks (3) is defined by a fastening member (10) fixed to at least one supporting belt (4) of a track (3) and crosswise to the travelling direction (8) of the track (3); and by a toothed gripping member (23) projecting from the fastening member (10), and by which the grouser (9) grips the terrain; the grouser (9) having a coating (26) of aluminium alloy applied at least to the fastening member (10).

Description

CRAWLER VEHICLE TRACK GROUSER, PARTICULARLY FOR SNOW GROOMERS
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a crawler vehicle track grouser, particularly for snow groomers .
BACKGROUND ART
Snow groomers are known to comprise a track in turn comprising a number of parallel flexible supporting belts looped about a number of pulleys, and a number of grousers fixed to the supporting belts, crosswise to the travelling direction of the track.
Each grouser comprises a fastening member fixed to at least one supporting belt; and a toothed gripping member extending along at least part of, and projecting from, the fastening member, and by which the grouser grips the terrain.
The fastening member and gripping member are normally formed in one piece, or are separate connected parts.
Known tracks of the above type with grousers made partly or entirely of steel have various drawbacks, mainly due to corrosion and, hence, rusting of the grousers, and to snow and/or ice on the ski runs adhering to the grousers, thus impairing grip of the groomer .
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a crawler vehicle track grouser, particularly for snow groomers, designed to eliminate the above drawbacks, and which is cheap and easy to produce.
According to the present invention, there is provided a crawler vehicle track grouser, particularly for snow groomers, as claimed in the accompanying Claims .
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A non-limiting embodiment of the present invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a snow groomer featuring a preferred embodiment of the track grouser according to the present invention; Figure 2 shows a schematic side view of a detail in Figure 1 ;
Figure 3 shows a schematic view in perspective of a detail in Figure 2 ;
Figure 4 shows a schematic side view of the Figure 3 detail;
Figure 5 shows a schematic side view of a first variation of the Figure 3 and 4 detail;
Figure 6 shows a schematic side view of a second variation of the Figure 3 and 4 detail. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Number 1 in Figure 1 indicates as a whole a snow groomer comprising a cab 2, and a track 3 by which to propel groomer 1. Track 3 comprises a number of flexible supporting belts 4 (only one shown in Figure 1), which are normally made of rubber, extend in respective substantially parallel vertical planes, and are looped about a number of pulleys 5 rotated, by a known drive device not shown, about respective axes 6 parallel to one another and to a direction 7 substantially crosswise to the travelling direction 8 of track 3.
Track 3 also comprises a number of substantially parallel grousers 9, which extend in direction 7, and are equally spaced along and fastened to belts 4.
As shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4, each grouser 9 comprises an elongated fastening member 10 defined by a contoured bar 11, which extends in direction 7, is preferably, though not necessarily, made of steel, is bounded by an outer surface 12 comprising a substantially flat portion 13 resting on a number of belts 4, depending on the length of bar 11, and has an inner cavity 14 open laterally in direction 7 and bounded by an inner surface 15 comprising a substantially flat portion 16 parallel to and opposite portion 13 of surface 12.
Bar 11 is fixed to belts 4 by a fastening device 17 comprising a bar 18, which is inserted inside cavity 14, contacting portion 16, is preferably, though not necessarily, made of aluminium, and has a number of knurled holes 18a formed through bar 18, perpendicularly to portions 13 and 16; and a plate 19 resting on belts 4, on the opposite side to bar 11, and preferably, though not necessarily, made of steel.
Bars 11, 18, belts 4, and plate 19 are fastened to one another by a number of bolts 20 extending perpendicularly to portions 13 and 16 and locked axially inside the knurled holes 18a in bar 18.
Bar 11 also has a cavity 21, which is located opposite the portion fastening bar 11 to belts 4, opens outwards at surface 12, is bounded laterally in direction 8 by two flat ribs 22 substantially parallel to each other and to direction 7, and extends along at least part of bar 11.
Cavity 21 houses an elongated gripping member 23 defined by a substantially flat plate 24, which is preferably, though not necessarily, made of steel, is connected in known manner to bar 11, projects outwards of cavity 21, and has a toothed edge 25 for improving grip of grouser 9 to the terrain.
With reference to Figure 4, grouser 9 has an aluminium alloy coating 26 applied, in the example shown, about fastening member 10, i.e. to bar 11, and about gripping member 23, i.e. to plate 24.
In connection with the above, it should be pointed out that : the aluminium alloy may be all- or part-aluminium; coating 26 may be applied only to bar 11, especially when plate 24 is made of aluminium; bar 11 and plate 24 may be coated with aluminium alloy and then connected to each other; bar 11 and plate 24 may be connected to each other and then coated with aluminium alloy; if made of steel, bar 18 and/or plate 19 may also be coated with aluminium alloy.
In a variation not shown, fastening member 10 and gripping member 23 are formed in one piece coated entirely with aluminium alloy.
Grouser 9 has several advantages, mainly due to coating 26, which serves as a substitute for painting grouser 9, protects grouser 9 against corrosion and rust, and prevents snow and/or ice from adhering to grouser 9, thus improving grip of track 3 on the terrain . The Figure 5 variation differs from the preceding embodiment solely by cavity 21 being replaced by a substantially L-shaped seat 27 formed directly on outer surface 12 of bar 11 and housing plate 24.
The Figure 6 variation differs from the preceding embodiment solely by gripping member 23 comprising two plates 24 separated by a known further gripping member
28 comprising a substantially U-shaped lateral stabilizer 29, which is fitted to bar 11 with its concavity facing downwards, has a grip tip 30 cooperating with the toothed edges 25 of the two plates
24, and is also fully coated with coating 26.
In a variation not shown, since the aluminium alloy coating is not normally effective inside cavity 14, grouser 9 has two plugs for closing the open ends of cavity 14, and which slide inside cavity 14 and are locked inside cavity 14 in direction 7. The plugs prevent cavity 14 from filling with snow and/or ice, and so prevent increasing the weight of grouser 9, and corrosion and rusting when bar 11 is made of steel.

Claims

1) A grouser for crawler vehicle, in particular snow groomer, tracks (3) , the grouser comprising a fastening member (10) fixed to at least one supporting belt (4) of a track (3) and crosswise to the travelling direction (8) of the track (3); and a toothed gripping member (23) which extends along at least part of the fastening member (10) and projects from the fastening member (10), and by which the grouser grips the terrain; the grouser being characterized by comprising a coating
(26) of aluminium alloy applied at least to the fastening member (10) .
2) A grouser as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the aluminium alloy is defined solely by aluminium.
3) A grouser as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the aluminium alloy comprises aluminium.
4) A grouser as claimed in any one of the foregoing Claims, wherein the fastening member (10) is made of steel.
5) A grouser as claimed in any one of the foregoing Claims, wherein the fastening member (10) and the gripping member (23) are formed in one piece; the coating (26) being applied to the fastening member (10) and the gripping member (23) .
6) A grouser as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein the fastening member (10) and the gripping member (23) are separate parts connected to each other. 7) A grouser as claimed in any one of the foregoing Claims, and also comprising a further gripping member
(28) in turn comprising a substantially U-shaped lateral stabilizer (29) extending about the fastening member (10) and having at least one grip tip (30); the coating (26) also being applied to the further gripping member (28) .
8) A grouser as claimed in any one of the foregoing Claims, wherein the fastening member (10) comprises an inner cavity (14) extending crosswise to said travelling direction (8) and open laterally outwards; and two plugs for closing the inner cavity (14) laterally.
9) A track for crawler vehicles, in particular snow groomers, the track comprising at least one supporting belt (4) looped about a number of pulleys (5); and at least one grouser (9) as claimed in any one of the foregoing Claims.
10) A track as claimed in Claim 9, and also comprising a fastening device (17) for fastening the fastening member (10) to the supporting belt (4) and in turn comprising a plate (19) located on the opposite side of the supporting belt (4) to the fastening member (10), and at least one bolt (20) for fastening together the fastening member (10), the supporting belt (4), and the plate (19) .
11) A track as claimed in Claim 10, and also comprising a further coating of aluminium alloy applied to said plate (19) . 12) A track as claimed in Claim 10 or 11, wherein the plate (19) is made of steel.
13) A track as claimed in any one of Claims 10 to 12, wherein the fastening device (17) also comprises a bar (18) extending, crosswise to said travelling direction (8), through the fastening member (10), and secured to the fastening member (10) by said bolt (20) .
14) A track as claimed in Claim 13, wherein the bar (18) is made of aluminium alloy. 15) A track as claimed in Claim 13, wherein the bar (18) is made of steel and coated with aluminium alloy.
16) A method of producing a grouser (9) for crawler vehicle, in particular snow groomer, tracks (3) , the grouser (9) comprising a fastening member (10) which is fixed to at least one supporting belt (4) of a track (3) and extends crosswise to the travelling direction (8) of the track (3) ; and a toothed gripping member (23) which extends along at least part of the fastening member (10) and projects from the fastening member (10), and by which the grouser (9) grips the terrain; the method being characterized by comprising the step of : applying a coating (26) of aluminium alloy to at least the fastening member (10) .
17) A method as claimed in Claim 16, wherein the fastening member (10) and the gripping member (23) are separate parts connected to each other, the method comprising, in succession and in the following order, the steps of: applying the coating (26) at least to the fastening member (10) ; and connecting the fastening member (10) and the gripping member (23) to each other. 18) A method as claimed in Claim 16, wherein the fastening member (10) and the gripping member (23) are separate parts connected to each other, the method comprising, in succession and in the following order, the steps of: connecting the fastening member (10) and the gripping member (23) to each other; applying the coating (26) to the fastening member (10) and the gripping member (23) .
19) A method as claimed in Claim 16, wherein the fastening member (10) and the gripping member (23) are formed in one piece, the method comprising the step of: applying the coating (26) to the fastening member (10) and the gripping member (23) .
PCT/EP2008/057911 2007-06-21 2008-06-20 Crawler vehicle track grouser, particularly for snow groomers WO2008155423A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112008001658T DE112008001658T5 (en) 2007-06-21 2008-06-20 Chain web of a chain for crawler vehicles, in particular for snow groomers

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI20071248 ITMI20071248A1 (en) 2007-06-21 2007-06-21 RAMPONE FOR TRACKED VEHICLE TRACKS, IN PARTICULAR BAPTIST VEHICLES
ITMI2007A001248 2007-06-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008155423A1 true WO2008155423A1 (en) 2008-12-24

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ID=39735362

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2008/057911 WO2008155423A1 (en) 2007-06-21 2008-06-20 Crawler vehicle track grouser, particularly for snow groomers

Country Status (3)

Country Link
DE (1) DE112008001658T5 (en)
IT (1) ITMI20071248A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2008155423A1 (en)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8307573B2 (en) 2007-10-31 2012-11-13 Rolic Invest S.A.R.L. Rotary snow tiller for grooming ski slopes
US8387288B2 (en) 2007-10-31 2013-03-05 Rolic Invest S.Ar.L. Rotary snow tiller for grooming ski slopes
US8388072B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2013-03-05 Rolic Invest S.Ar.L. Crawler vehicle track grouser
US8393095B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2013-03-12 Rolic Invest S.AR. L. Rotary snow tiller and ski slope grooming method
WO2013037480A1 (en) * 2011-09-13 2013-03-21 Liebherr-Mining Equipment Colmar Sas Track pad
US8413353B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2013-04-09 Rolic Invest S.Ar.L. Hitch device for connecting a groomer vehicle and a ski slope snow grooming implement, and control method employing such a hitch device
US8757736B2 (en) 2008-05-29 2014-06-24 Snowgrolic S. AR. L. Snow groomer track and snow groomer featuring such a track
US8839533B2 (en) 2009-02-18 2014-09-23 Snowgrolic S.A.R.L. Snowgroomer including a winch assembly to aid handling of the snowgroomer on steep slopes, and method of operating the winch assembly
ITUA20162940A1 (en) * 2016-04-27 2017-10-27 Prinoth Spa CROSSBAR FOR TRACKS OF VEHICLE BAPTISTS
EP3339146A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2018-06-27 Kässbohrer Geländefahrzeug AG Chain stud assembly for a drive chain of a tracked vehicle
US20210229763A1 (en) * 2020-01-24 2021-07-29 Caterpillar Inc. Track shoe with wear resistant grouser
US20220242504A1 (en) * 2021-02-02 2022-08-04 Caterpillar Inc. Shrouds for grouser protectors in track shoes and grouser shroud inventory

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016225396A1 (en) * 2016-12-19 2018-06-21 Contitech Transportbandsysteme Gmbh Caterpillar, in particular rubber crawler
DE102016225423A1 (en) * 2016-12-19 2018-06-21 Contitech Transportbandsysteme Gmbh Caterpillar, in particular rubber crawler

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1674382A1 (en) * 2004-12-22 2006-06-28 Prinoth A.G. Grouser bar for a crawler chain

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1674382A1 (en) * 2004-12-22 2006-06-28 Prinoth A.G. Grouser bar for a crawler chain

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8388072B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2013-03-05 Rolic Invest S.Ar.L. Crawler vehicle track grouser
US8393095B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2013-03-12 Rolic Invest S.AR. L. Rotary snow tiller and ski slope grooming method
US8413353B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2013-04-09 Rolic Invest S.Ar.L. Hitch device for connecting a groomer vehicle and a ski slope snow grooming implement, and control method employing such a hitch device
US8701312B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2014-04-22 Snowgrolic S.Ar.L. Hitch device for connecting a groomer vehicle and a ski slope snow grooming implement, and control method employing such a hitch device
US8387288B2 (en) 2007-10-31 2013-03-05 Rolic Invest S.Ar.L. Rotary snow tiller for grooming ski slopes
US8307573B2 (en) 2007-10-31 2012-11-13 Rolic Invest S.A.R.L. Rotary snow tiller for grooming ski slopes
US8757736B2 (en) 2008-05-29 2014-06-24 Snowgrolic S. AR. L. Snow groomer track and snow groomer featuring such a track
US8839533B2 (en) 2009-02-18 2014-09-23 Snowgrolic S.A.R.L. Snowgroomer including a winch assembly to aid handling of the snowgroomer on steep slopes, and method of operating the winch assembly
AU2013200202B2 (en) * 2011-09-13 2014-11-13 Liebherr-Mining Equipment Colmar Sas Track Pad
CN103249638A (en) * 2011-09-13 2013-08-14 利勃海尔采矿设备科马有限公司 Track pad
WO2013037480A1 (en) * 2011-09-13 2013-03-21 Liebherr-Mining Equipment Colmar Sas Track pad
RU2539312C2 (en) * 2011-09-13 2015-01-20 Либхерр-Майнинг Иквипмент Кольмар Сас Track pad
US9446802B2 (en) 2011-09-13 2016-09-20 Liebherr•Mining Equipment Colmar SAS Track pad
EP3339146A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2018-06-27 Kässbohrer Geländefahrzeug AG Chain stud assembly for a drive chain of a tracked vehicle
ITUA20162940A1 (en) * 2016-04-27 2017-10-27 Prinoth Spa CROSSBAR FOR TRACKS OF VEHICLE BAPTISTS
WO2017187382A1 (en) * 2016-04-27 2017-11-02 Prinoth S.P.A. Transverse bar for tracks of snow groomers
CN108349557A (en) * 2016-04-27 2018-07-31 普瑞诺斯股份公司 The cross bar of crawler belt for whole snow machine
US20210229763A1 (en) * 2020-01-24 2021-07-29 Caterpillar Inc. Track shoe with wear resistant grouser
US11697462B2 (en) * 2020-01-24 2023-07-11 Caterpillar Inc. Track shoe with wear resistant grouser
US20220242504A1 (en) * 2021-02-02 2022-08-04 Caterpillar Inc. Shrouds for grouser protectors in track shoes and grouser shroud inventory
US11820447B2 (en) * 2021-02-02 2023-11-21 Caterpillar Inc. Shrouds for grouser protectors in track shoes and grouser shroud inventory

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE112008001658T5 (en) 2010-05-12
ITMI20071248A1 (en) 2008-12-22

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