WO2008152194A1 - Method for producing a wood board and a wood board - Google Patents

Method for producing a wood board and a wood board Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008152194A1
WO2008152194A1 PCT/FI2008/050323 FI2008050323W WO2008152194A1 WO 2008152194 A1 WO2008152194 A1 WO 2008152194A1 FI 2008050323 W FI2008050323 W FI 2008050323W WO 2008152194 A1 WO2008152194 A1 WO 2008152194A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glue
wood board
foamed
mix
application
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2008/050323
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Juha-Pekka Luukkainen
Esa Lappalainen
Olavi Mikkola
Original Assignee
Upm-Kymmene Wood Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Upm-Kymmene Wood Oy filed Critical Upm-Kymmene Wood Oy
Publication of WO2008152194A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008152194A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/28—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by transfer from the surfaces of elements carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. brushes, pads, rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/14—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood board or veneer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/06—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
    • B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
    • B27G11/00—Applying adhesives or glue to surfaces of wood to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a wood board defined in the preamble of claim 1 and to a wood board defined in the preamble of claim 6.
  • gluing methods for gluing the veneers in wood boards together.
  • the known gluing methods include for example line application, curtain application, spray application and roll application. These methods typically make use of a glue mix in the fluid state in which the binder polymer with the additives and curing agents is dispersed in an aqueous or solvent solution.
  • One exam- pie is the glue mix of phenol-formaldehyde resin, which typically has a density of about 1.2g/cm 3 and a viscosity of about 500 - 1000mPa*s.
  • foamed glue mix that contains air as a medium and has considerably lower density than a dispersion glue, namely about 0.2g/cm 3 .
  • This foamed glue mix is difficult to make move with rolls and to pass from the roll to the veneer due to the low density.
  • a foamed glue mix typically contains less water or solvent than a dis- persion glue mix.
  • the objective of the invention is to eliminate the drawbacks referred to above and to disclose a new type of method for producing a wood board, and a corresponding wood board.
  • One specific objective of the invention is to disclose the use of foamed glue in roll application.
  • the invention is based on a method for producing a wood board, in which method a wood board comprising multiple veneer layers is formed of a number of veneers in such manner that the veneer layers are laid one above the other and combined together by means of glue.
  • a glue or glue mix that can be foamed into a foamed glue is used.
  • the glue is foamed and arranged between two ve- neer layers by roll application.
  • the density of the foamed glue is arranged to be between 0.3 and 0.8g/cm 3 by adjusting the quantity or air. In this invention, less air is added to the glue mix compared e.g. with line application in which the density of the glue is very low and the glue therefore becomes solid and immobile.
  • the foamed glue according to the invention is more fluent and has higher density, providing the possibility of applying the glue with roll evenly and quickly.
  • foaming a liquid glue or glue mix it is possible to use typical commercial homogenizers in which the feeding of the glue mix and air and the adjustment of the temperature and pressure can be suffi ⁇ ciently controlled.
  • the invention is based on a wood board formed from multiple veneer layers combined by means of glue.
  • the glue that is used comprises foamed glue arranged between the veneer layers by roll application.
  • the density of the foamed glue is arranged to be between 0.3 and 0.8g/cm 3 by adjusting the quantity or air.
  • a wood board refers to any wood board product, plywood product, composite product, beam, compressed board product or the like, formed from veneers and veneer layers and mainly from wood-based materials, in which the veneers are laid one above the other and glued together.
  • a veneer layer refers to any layer of material, typically a thin layer of material, used for forming a layered board.
  • the layer of mate- rial may be formed from a wood-based material or other material applicable for the purpose.
  • foamed glue refers to any glue or glue mix known per se in the art that can be foamed and is typically used in different application methods.
  • a foamed glue mix is more solid in mobility and has lower density than the traditional glue dispersion.
  • water or solvent is partly replaced by air, which reduces the risk of breaking due to the vapour pressure in conjunction with curing, or of distortion of the board due to moisture .
  • the glue that is used is in the form of a dispersion, which glue dispersion is foamed.
  • the veneer layers are laid one above the other and the glue is arranged between the veneer layers.
  • the wood board is compressed under heat and pressure after laying the veneers one above the other and gluing them in order to form a wood board of the desired kind.
  • the density of the foamed glue is arranged to be between 0.4 and 0.5g/cm 3 . At the foamed glue densities according to the invention, the homogeneity of the glue mix is good. If the density rises considerably, the homogeneity and stability of the glue mix normally drop.
  • the application volume of the glue is arranged to be between 90 and 130g/m 2 . In one embodiment, the application volume of the glue is arranged to be between 110 and 125g/m 2 . Preparation of the glue mix, laying the veneers one above the other, gluing the veneers together and other typical phases in the production of a wood board may be preferably performed in manners known per se in the art. In one embodiment, the glue contains phenol-, resorcinol-, melamine- and/or urea-based resin or derivatives thereof.
  • the wood board according to the invention may comprise veneer layers of different thickness.
  • the thickness of the veneer layers may vary.
  • the veneer layers may be arranged in the desired array, i.e. transversely or longitudinally in the desired order.
  • any roll applicators known per se can be used in conjunction with the invention.
  • the wood board and the method for producing same according to the invention may be used in different embodiments.
  • the foamed glue mix known per se in conjunction with roll application.
  • the use of the foamed glue according to the invention in conjunction with roll ap- plication reduces gluing problems and glue consumption considerably.
  • the glue can be applied very evenly and homogenously between the veneers.
  • the line speed in gluing can be raised e.g. to a level of 100 - 200m/min without considerably increasing e.g. splashing of the glue or other inconveniences .
  • the invention provides the advantage that the foamed glue contains less water or solvent than a glue dispersion. In this manner, problems relating to vapour pressure in conjunction with hot-pressing are decreased. Furthermore, absorption of the glue into the veneers is reduced, and the gluing process allows a higher mean moisture in the veneers.
  • the invention allows the use of the same foamed glue in different application processes. A further advantage is that more possibilities to use the glue are provided due to foaming and the application method.
  • the plywood according to the invention was examined, which plywood was glued by foamed PF glue mix, and the glue mix was applied by roll application on both surfaces of the veneers .
  • a typical foamed glue mix suitable for birch and conifer plywood was prepared, containing phenol- formaldehyde resin (e.g. Prefere 14J021), a curing agent (e.g. Prefere 24J528), water and optionally a surface-active agent.
  • the FC6 viscosity of the glue mix was 27s/28 2 C.
  • the resin glue mixes for birch plywood and conifer plywood may differ in the amount and quality of the source materials. Essentially important factors for successful foaming of the glue dispersion include reduction of the surface tension and stabilization of the foam so that the glue mix receives air and stabilizes it for a sufficiently long period. Many commer- cial homogenizers are suitable for foaming the glue mix.
  • Typical control parameters of the foamer include:
  • Boards 1 and 2 were formed from birch veneer; birch veneer 1.5mm, 9-ply, (moisture in face veneer about 5.9%, in extended veneer about 4.5%) .
  • the speed of the gluing roll was adjusted to 55m/min and the roll gap to 1.1mm.
  • the volume weight of the glue mix at the foamer was adjusted to 0.44g/cm 3 .
  • the foamed glue mix was applied on the veneers (about 115g/m 2 ) , and the veneers were laid one above the other. Finally, the veneers were pre-compressed and hot-pressed into plywood.
  • Boards 3 and 4 were formed by a composite structure from birch and spruce veneer; birch veneer 1.5 ⁇ nn, spruce veneers 2.6mm (moisture about 4.0%), 9- ply.
  • the speed of the gluing roll was adjusted to 55m/min.
  • the volume weight of the glue mix at the foamer was adjusted to 0.34g/cm3.
  • the foamed glue mix was applied on the veneers at about 123g/m2.
  • the veneers were laid one above the other, pre-compressed and hot-pressed into plywood in normal conditions.
  • the open time was lOmin and the closed open time was 77 - 102min.
  • Pre-compression was performed at 0.8N for 3 minutes.
  • the pre- compression grip was excellent in all samples.
  • the hot-pressing time was 8min and the line time was between 90 and 115min.
  • the application volume of the glue in samples 1 and 2 was 115g/m 2 and in samples 3 and 4 123g/m 2 .
  • the glue mix applied by the roll was well distributed over the veneers and had an even coverage (e.g. when run at line speeds of 55 - llOm/min) .
  • the parameters that were used such as the open time, pre-compression and line time, can be well controlled in production conditions.
  • the pre-compression grip was excellent in all boards. If the glue spins on the roll without being applied for an unnecessarily lengthy period, its vis- cosity grows as water evaporates, increasing the amount of the applied glue.
  • the wood board according to the invention is suitable in different embodiments for different uses.
  • the method according to the invention allows the manufacture of any type of wood board in which the combination of foamed glue and roll application can be used.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Veneer Processing And Manufacture Of Plywood (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a wood board formed from a number of veneer layers that are combined by means of glue. According to the invention, the glue is foamed into foamed glue in which the density is arranged to be between 0.3 - 0.8g/cm3 by adjusting the quantity of air, and the glue is arranged between the veneer layers by roll application. Furthermore, the invention relates to the corresponding wood board.

Description

METHOD FOR PRODUCING A WOOD BOARD AND A WOOD BOARD FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a method for producing a wood board defined in the preamble of claim 1 and to a wood board defined in the preamble of claim 6.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Known from prior art are various kinds of wood boards, such as plywood and the like, and methods for their production.
Known from prior art are various kinds of gluing methods for gluing the veneers in wood boards together. The known gluing methods include for example line application, curtain application, spray application and roll application. These methods typically make use of a glue mix in the fluid state in which the binder polymer with the additives and curing agents is dispersed in an aqueous or solvent solution. One exam- pie is the glue mix of phenol-formaldehyde resin, which typically has a density of about 1.2g/cm3 and a viscosity of about 500 - 1000mPa*s. In line application, also a solid non-flowing foamed glue mix that contains air as a medium and has considerably lower density than a dispersion glue, namely about 0.2g/cm3, is presently used. This foamed glue mix is difficult to make move with rolls and to pass from the roll to the veneer due to the low density. A foamed glue mix typically contains less water or solvent than a dis- persion glue mix.
Problems of the previously known gluing methods include e.g. slow line speed, application problems and contamination of the surrounding area at high application speeds as well as large glue consumption. Furthermore, when using a dispersion glue, breaking of the glue joints in conjunction with hot-pressing, caused by vapour pressure due to the large amount of water, have proved problematic.
OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION
The objective of the invention is to eliminate the drawbacks referred to above and to disclose a new type of method for producing a wood board, and a corresponding wood board. One specific objective of the invention is to disclose the use of foamed glue in roll application.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The method for producing a wood board and the wood board according to the invention are characterized by what has been presented in the claims.
The invention is based on a method for producing a wood board, in which method a wood board comprising multiple veneer layers is formed of a number of veneers in such manner that the veneer layers are laid one above the other and combined together by means of glue. According to the invention, a glue or glue mix that can be foamed into a foamed glue is used. The glue is foamed and arranged between two ve- neer layers by roll application. The density of the foamed glue is arranged to be between 0.3 and 0.8g/cm3 by adjusting the quantity or air. In this invention, less air is added to the glue mix compared e.g. with line application in which the density of the glue is very low and the glue therefore becomes solid and immobile. The foamed glue according to the invention is more fluent and has higher density, providing the possibility of applying the glue with roll evenly and quickly. In foaming a liquid glue or glue mix, it is possible to use typical commercial homogenizers in which the feeding of the glue mix and air and the adjustment of the temperature and pressure can be suffi¬ ciently controlled.
Further, the invention is based on a wood board formed from multiple veneer layers combined by means of glue. According to the invention, the glue that is used comprises foamed glue arranged between the veneer layers by roll application. The density of the foamed glue is arranged to be between 0.3 and 0.8g/cm3 by adjusting the quantity or air.
In this context, a wood board refers to any wood board product, plywood product, composite product, beam, compressed board product or the like, formed from veneers and veneer layers and mainly from wood-based materials, in which the veneers are laid one above the other and glued together.
In this context, a veneer layer refers to any layer of material, typically a thin layer of material, used for forming a layered board. The layer of mate- rial may be formed from a wood-based material or other material applicable for the purpose.
In this context, foamed glue refers to any glue or glue mix known per se in the art that can be foamed and is typically used in different application methods. A foamed glue mix is more solid in mobility and has lower density than the traditional glue dispersion. In a foamed glue mix, water or solvent is partly replaced by air, which reduces the risk of breaking due to the vapour pressure in conjunction with curing, or of distortion of the board due to moisture .
In one embodiment, the glue that is used is in the form of a dispersion, which glue dispersion is foamed. Preferably, the veneer layers are laid one above the other and the glue is arranged between the veneer layers. Preferably, the wood board is compressed under heat and pressure after laying the veneers one above the other and gluing them in order to form a wood board of the desired kind. In one embodiment of the invention, the density of the foamed glue is arranged to be between 0.4 and 0.5g/cm3. At the foamed glue densities according to the invention, the homogeneity of the glue mix is good. If the density rises considerably, the homogeneity and stability of the glue mix normally drop.
In one embodiment of the invention, the application volume of the glue is arranged to be between 90 and 130g/m2. In one embodiment, the application volume of the glue is arranged to be between 110 and 125g/m2. Preparation of the glue mix, laying the veneers one above the other, gluing the veneers together and other typical phases in the production of a wood board may be preferably performed in manners known per se in the art. In one embodiment, the glue contains phenol-, resorcinol-, melamine- and/or urea-based resin or derivatives thereof.
The wood board according to the invention may comprise veneer layers of different thickness. The thickness of the veneer layers may vary. The veneer layers may be arranged in the desired array, i.e. transversely or longitudinally in the desired order.
Preferably, any roll applicators known per se can be used in conjunction with the invention. The wood board and the method for producing same according to the invention may be used in different embodiments.
Thanks to the invention, it is possible to use the foamed glue mix known per se in conjunction with roll application. The use of the foamed glue according to the invention in conjunction with roll ap- plication reduces gluing problems and glue consumption considerably. With a roll, the glue can be applied very evenly and homogenously between the veneers. Furthermore, the line speed in gluing can be raised e.g. to a level of 100 - 200m/min without considerably increasing e.g. splashing of the glue or other inconveniences .
The invention provides the advantage that the foamed glue contains less water or solvent than a glue dispersion. In this manner, problems relating to vapour pressure in conjunction with hot-pressing are decreased. Furthermore, absorption of the glue into the veneers is reduced, and the gluing process allows a higher mean moisture in the veneers. The invention allows the use of the same foamed glue in different application processes. A further advantage is that more possibilities to use the glue are provided due to foaming and the application method.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the following section, the invention will be described with the aid of a detailed example of an embodiment .
Example 1
In the test of this example, the plywood according to the invention was examined, which plywood was glued by foamed PF glue mix, and the glue mix was applied by roll application on both surfaces of the veneers .
A typical foamed glue mix suitable for birch and conifer plywood was prepared, containing phenol- formaldehyde resin (e.g. Prefere 14J021), a curing agent (e.g. Prefere 24J528), water and optionally a surface-active agent. The FC6 viscosity of the glue mix was 27s/282C.
The resin glue mixes for birch plywood and conifer plywood may differ in the amount and quality of the source materials. Essentially important factors for successful foaming of the glue dispersion include reduction of the surface tension and stabilization of the foam so that the glue mix receives air and stabilizes it for a sufficiently long period. Many commer- cial homogenizers are suitable for foaming the glue mix.
In preparing the foamed glue mix, air was added to the glue mix using a foamer, so that a homogenous foamed glue mix was formed from air bubbles having a size as small as possible during flowing through the foamer .
Typical control parameters of the foamer include:
- Glue feed 5-10kg/min - Number of foamer rotations 150-300
- Air feed 2-31/min
Four plywood sample boards were produced, samples 1 to 4. Boards 1 and 2 were formed from birch veneer; birch veneer 1.5mm, 9-ply, (moisture in face veneer about 5.9%, in extended veneer about 4.5%) . The speed of the gluing roll was adjusted to 55m/min and the roll gap to 1.1mm. The volume weight of the glue mix at the foamer was adjusted to 0.44g/cm3. The foamed glue mix was applied on the veneers (about 115g/m2) , and the veneers were laid one above the other. Finally, the veneers were pre-compressed and hot-pressed into plywood. Boards 3 and 4 were formed by a composite structure from birch and spruce veneer; birch veneer 1.5πnn, spruce veneers 2.6mm (moisture about 4.0%), 9- ply. The speed of the gluing roll was adjusted to 55m/min. The volume weight of the glue mix at the foamer was adjusted to 0.34g/cm3. The foamed glue mix was applied on the veneers at about 123g/m2. The veneers were laid one above the other, pre-compressed and hot-pressed into plywood in normal conditions.
In all samples, the open time was lOmin and the closed open time was 77 - 102min. Pre-compression was performed at 0.8N for 3 minutes. The pre- compression grip was excellent in all samples. The hot-pressing time was 8min and the line time was between 90 and 115min. The application volume of the glue in samples 1 and 2 was 115g/m2 and in samples 3 and 4 123g/m2.
In summary, one can conclude that the glue mix applied by the roll was well distributed over the veneers and had an even coverage (e.g. when run at line speeds of 55 - llOm/min) . The parameters that were used, such as the open time, pre-compression and line time, can be well controlled in production conditions. The pre-compression grip was excellent in all boards. If the glue spins on the roll without being applied for an unnecessarily lengthy period, its vis- cosity grows as water evaporates, increasing the amount of the applied glue.
The wood board according to the invention is suitable in different embodiments for different uses. The method according to the invention allows the manufacture of any type of wood board in which the combination of foamed glue and roll application can be used.
The embodiments of the invention are not lim- ited merely to the examples referred to above; instead many variations are possible within the scope of the accompanying claims.

Claims

1. A method for producing a wood board wherein a wood board comprising multiple veneer layers is formed from a number of veneers in such manner that the veneer layers are laid one above the other and combined by means of glue, ch a ra c t e r i z ed in that the glue is foamed into foamed glue in which the density is arranged to be between 0.3 and 0.8g/cm3 by adjusting the quantity of air, and the foamed glue is arranged between two veneer layers by means of roll application.
2. The method according to claim 1, cha ra ct e r i z ed in that the density of the foamed glue is arranged to be between 0.4 and 0.5g/cm3.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, cha r a ct e r i z e d in that the application volume of the glue is arranged to be 90 - 130g/m2.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, cha ra ct e r i z ed in that the application volume of the glue is arranged to be 110 - 125g/m2.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, ch a ra ct e r i z e d in that the glue is in the form of a dispersion.
6. A wood board formed from a number of ve- neer layers that are combined by means of glue, cha r a ct e r i z e d in that the glue that is used is foamed glue in which the density is arranged to be between 0.3 and 0.8g/cm3 by adjusting the quantity of air and which is arranged between the veneer layers by roll application.
7. The wood board according to claim 6, cha ra ct e r i z ed in that the density of the foamed glue is arranged to be between 0.4 - 0.5g/cm3.
8. The wood board according to claim 6 or 7, cha r a c t e r i z ed in that the application volume of the glue is arranged to be 90 - 130g/m2.
9. The wood board according to any one of claims 6 to 8, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the ap¬ plication volume of the glue is arranged to be 110 - 125g/m2.
PCT/FI2008/050323 2007-06-14 2008-06-03 Method for producing a wood board and a wood board WO2008152194A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20075447 2007-06-14
FI20075447A FI20075447L (en) 2007-06-14 2007-06-14 Method of manufacturing a wooden board and wooden board

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4258088A (en) * 1973-03-30 1981-03-24 Cone Charles N Method for the uniform application of foamed liquid mixtures to substrates
US4403013A (en) * 1980-03-07 1983-09-06 Chembond Corporation Thermosetting resin glues foamable to high density
FI104834B (en) * 1997-01-14 2000-04-14 Neste Chemicals Oy Lignin-based binders and their manufacturing process

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4258088A (en) * 1973-03-30 1981-03-24 Cone Charles N Method for the uniform application of foamed liquid mixtures to substrates
US4403013A (en) * 1980-03-07 1983-09-06 Chembond Corporation Thermosetting resin glues foamable to high density
FI104834B (en) * 1997-01-14 2000-04-14 Neste Chemicals Oy Lignin-based binders and their manufacturing process

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FI20075447A0 (en) 2007-06-14

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