WO2008146061A2 - Electric power generating unit for powering the consumer grid or unit - Google Patents

Electric power generating unit for powering the consumer grid or unit Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008146061A2
WO2008146061A2 PCT/HU2008/000048 HU2008000048W WO2008146061A2 WO 2008146061 A2 WO2008146061 A2 WO 2008146061A2 HU 2008000048 W HU2008000048 W HU 2008000048W WO 2008146061 A2 WO2008146061 A2 WO 2008146061A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electric power
stator
rotor
generator
power generating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/HU2008/000048
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2008146061A3 (en
Inventor
János SALCA
Viktor Salca
Original Assignee
Vidatech Kft.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vidatech Kft. filed Critical Vidatech Kft.
Publication of WO2008146061A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008146061A2/en
Publication of WO2008146061A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008146061A3/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/2713—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being axial, e.g. claw-pole type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/08—Machine or engine aggregates in dams or the like; Conduits therefor, e.g. diffusors
    • F03B13/083—The generator rotor being mounted as turbine rotor rim
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/04—Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7068—Application in combination with an electrical generator equipped with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/28—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
    • H02K1/30—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures using intermediate parts, e.g. spiders
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is an electric power generating unit for powering the consumer grid or unit which can be advantageously used installed on dry land and underwater alike, consisting of a watertight housing, a sealed drive shaft providing the necessary torque and a power output cable - likewise sealed as it leaves the watertight housing - which outputs the generated electric power and connects to the required single or multiple phase consumer grid or unit, which is thus quite suitable for providing industrial-scale power or for powering communities or local installations such as houses, farmhouses or farmyards.
  • the prior art is likewise represented by a segmented generator, described in patent description No. US2003/0137149, which transforms mechanical power such as wind power or hydraulic power, for example, into electric power through a wide range of wind speeds or shaft RPMs.
  • the rotor has many projecting poles arranged in a circle along the perimeter of the rotor ring.
  • the stator ring has many stator coils wound onto a ferromagnetic structure as well as permanent magnets embedded in the structure. The relative movement of the rotor pole relative to the corresponding stator coil induces an alternating voltage in the stator coil.
  • This alternative also employs a conventional pole arrangement and both known alternatives are used in turbines where the rotational axis of the turbine blades must always be parallel to the direction of flow.
  • the generator consists of a three-phase electromagnetic coil system embedded in the stator in such a fashion that a vertical boundary is formed along its shaft.
  • the rotor contains radial blades and the alternating permanent magnet system is likewise embedded in the outer periphery of the blades so that an inner boundary is formed which is aligned with the outer boundaries forming an axial gap between them, which is variable in size.
  • control of the electric field is done by a so-called liquid gap caused by water pressure in the rotor, not by the appropriate arrangement of stator and rotor ribs, and electric power is generated by rotation caused by the water flowing through the unit.
  • the invention aims to eliminate the shortcomings inherent in the known alternatives and create an electric power generating unit for powering the consumer grid or unit which can be used to provide industrial-scale power or to power a wider range of communities or other local installations (such as houses, farmhouses and farmyards), its drive shaft has high torque, its generator can be used well both on land and underwater, it works at low RPM, the required frequency and voltage can be regulated downstream, it can be isolated from the consumer grid without causing a current surge, its construction, production and assembly can be done simply and quickly, its operation is reliable and can be manufactured economically.
  • the subject to the invention is based on the recognition that, if an electric power generating unit is created whose generator's drive shaft is preferably driven at high torque by transforming the kinetic energy of water into concentrated rotational energy and whose rotation speed is adjusted from 1 to 60 RPM due to the low flow rate of the water, the electric field generated by the magnetic field can be regulated by stator ribs, located on the generator's skirt facing the rotor as well as on the rotor skirt facing the stator, which are offset relative to each other by half the period of the induced alternating voltage's waveform on the skirt, which is bisected in the direction of flow, the frequency of the voltage induced in the coils surrounding the stator iron core is set by choosing the appropriate number of stator and rotor ribs, the size of the induced alternating voltage is determined by the number of turns in the coils on the stator, the generator's downstream regulation is implemented by an artificial load switch in the controller unit, the generator is isolated from the single or multiple phase grid by an isolation switch in the controller unit and,
  • the subject of the invention is an electric power generating unit for powering the consumer grid or unit which has an electric power generator that possesses a drive shaft, stator and rotor, which is connected to the consumer grid or unit via a controller unit.
  • the electric power generating unit subject to the invention features that the electric power generating unit consists of a generator suitable for operating at 1 to 60 RPM in which there are stator ribs fashioned on the stator' s skirt facing the rotor in order to control the electric field generated by the magnetic field.
  • rotor ribs fashioned on the rotor's stator facing skirt, which is bisected in the direction of water flow, and these are offset relative to each other by half the period of the induced alternating voltage's waveform, and there is a controller unit connected to the generator's output and the consumer grid or unit.
  • the generator has a rotor 1-5 meters in diameter and a stator surrounding it, consisting of laminated soft-iron whose perimeter has an arrangement of coils. Facing the coils, there is permanent magnet placed along the perimeter of the rotor, while on both sides of its skirt there are two surfaces consisting of two soft-iron rings separated from each other and polarized by permanent magnet so that the surface on the rim on one side is polarized to one pole, for example the North pole, while the one on the perimeter of the other side is polarized to the other, for example the South pole, and there is an air gap formed between the soft-iron ring and the stator.
  • the cross section of the soft-iron laminations in the generator's rotor is "L" shaped when viewed at right angles, half of which rests on the permanent magnet attached to the rotor while the other half constitutes a running surface facing the stator which is ribbed and where the rotor ribs facing the stator ribs are offset relative to each other by half the period of the generated alternating voltage's waveform.
  • the generator's RPM and the frequency of the alternating voltage induced in the stator is proportional to the number of stator and rotor ribs.
  • the size of the voltage induced in the stator is proportional to the number of turns in the coils arranged in the stator.
  • the controller unit suitable for regulating the generator's technical properties and operating state preferably has a serially connected short-circuiting switch, artificial load switch, interlock, primary surge protector, downstream consumption meter, upstream consumption meter, secondary surge protector and an isolating switch.
  • the controller unit has an artificial load switch which contains elements, preferably variable impedances, suitable for adjusting and controlling the generator's technical properties.
  • the controller unit's interlock has a synchronous sensor and regulating element suitable for interconnecting the generator and the consumer grid according to the specifications.
  • the controller unit has an isolating switch suitable for isolating the generator from the single or multiple phase consumer grid, as well as a short-circuiting switch suitable for automatically shorting one or more phases.
  • the generator's output is connected to the controller unit and the consumer grid or unit by a cable in order to transmit the electric power generated.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic drawing of the electric power generating unit
  • Figure 2 shows a section running parallel to the rotational axis of the generator subject to the invention
  • Figure 3 shows a section running perpendicular to the rotational axis of the generator subject to the invention
  • Figure 4 shows a section running perpendicular to the rotational axis of the outer skirt of the generator subject to the invention
  • Figure 5 shows a detail of the skirt of the rotor subject to invention
  • Figure 6 shows a section coinciding with the rotational axis of the stator and rotor of the generator subject to the invention
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the controller unit which connects to the output of the generator subject to the invention and the consumer grid.
  • FIG 1 shows a schematic drawing of the electric power generating unit subject to the invention.
  • the drawing axonometrically depicts the generator 4 possessing a drive shaft 1, whose output is connected via a cable 5 and controller unit 6 to the consumer grid 7.
  • the figure shows that the consumer grid 7 is three phase, where Ll is a live cable 1, L2 is a live cable 2, L3 is a live cable 3, N is the neutral cable and PE is the ground cable.
  • Figure 2 shows a section running parallel to the rotational axis of the generator 4 subject to the invention. In this view, it is possible to see the drive shaft 1 and rotor 3 of the generator 4, as well as its watertight housing consisting of two parts, the bottom 22 and top 23 sections thereof. (The first detail I marked in the drawing is shown in greater detail in Figure 4.)
  • Figure 3 shows a section running perpendicular to the rotational axis of the generator 4 subject to the invention.
  • the generator 4 is wheel shaped and has a large diameter (1-5 meter) rotor 3 and a stator 2 surrounding it, with a drive shaft 1 at the hub of the wheel.
  • the second detail II marked in the drawing is shown in greater detail in Figure 6.
  • Figure 4 shows a section (Detail I) of the outer skirt of the generator 4 subject to the invention running perpendicular to the rotational axis thereof.
  • permanent magnet 11 placed along the perimeter of the generator's 4 rotor 3, while on both sides of its skirt there are two surfaces consisting of two soft-iron rings 12 separated from each other and polarized by the permanent magnet 11 so that the surface on the rim on one side is polarized to one pole, for example the North, while the one on the perimeter of the other side is polarized to the other, for example the South pole.
  • An air gap 24 is created between the soft- iron ring 12 on the rotor 3 and the stator 2.
  • stator ribs 9 on the surface of the rotor's 3 skirt, bisected in the direction of rotation, which faces the stator 2.
  • stator ribs 8 on the surface of the stator' s 2 skirt which faces the rotor 3.
  • the stator 2 and the rest of the generator's 4 components are surrounded by a housing consisting of two parts, a bottom 22 and top 23 section, which at the same time provides a watertight seal.
  • Figure 5 shows a detail of the skirt of the rotor 3 subject to the invention, with the bisected surface of the skirt and the rotor ribs 9.
  • the rotor ribs 9 are offset relative to each other by half the period the induced voltage's waveform.
  • Figure 6 shows a section coinciding with the rotational axis of the stator 2 and rotor 3 of the generator 4 subject to the invention (Detail II).
  • coils 10 arranged on poles along the perimeter of the stator 2 made from soft-iron and there are stator ribs 8 on the surface of the stator' s 2 skirt facing the rotor 3.
  • stator ribs 8 on the surface of the stator' s 2 skirt facing the rotor 3.
  • rotor ribs 9 on the surface of the rotor's 3 skirt, bisected in the direction of rotation, which faces the stator 2.
  • the cross section of the soft- iron rings 12 in the generator's rotor 3 is "L" shaped when viewed at right angles, half of which rests on the permanent magnet 11, shown in Figure 4, while the other half constitutes a running surface facing the stator 2 which is ribbed and where the rotor ribs 9 facing the stator ribs 8 are offset relative to each other by half of the period of the induced alternating voltage's waveform.
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the controller unit 6 that is connected to the output of the generator 4 subject to the invention and the consumer grid 7, which contains a serially connected short-circuiting switch 13, an artificial load switch 14, an interlock 15 with synchronous sensor and regulating element 21, primary surge protector 16, a downstream consumption meter 17, an upstream consumption meter 18, secondary surge protector 19 and an isolating switch 20.
  • the figure also includes a schematic drawing of the generator 4 with a drive shaft 1 and of the consumer grid 7 which is three phased, where Ll is a live cable 1, L2 is a live cable 2, L3 is a live cable 3, N is the neutral cable and PE is the ground cable.
  • the electric power generating unit subject to the invention operates as follows.
  • the drive shaft 1 Acting as the input to the generator 4, the drive shaft 1 is driven at a constant, high torque which is preferably provided by transforming the kinetic energy of flowing water into rotational energy. On account of the low flow rate of the water, the drive shaft 1 drives a generator 4 whose revolution rate is low (1 to 60 RPM), thus no additional drive mechanism is required for driving it, and its diameter is relatively large, being 1-5 meters in size.
  • the drive shaft 1 turns the rotor 3 of the generator 4, which induces an alternating voltage in the coils 10 of the stator 2.
  • stator ribs 8 fashioned on the stator' s 2 skirt facing the rotor 3 and by rotor ribs 9 fashioned on the skirt of the rotor 3 facing the stator 2, bisected in the direction of rotation, and which are offset relative to each other by half of the period of the induced alternating voltage's waveform.
  • the cross section of the soft-iron rings 12 is "L" shaped when viewed at right angles, half of which rests on the permanent magnet 11 while the other half constitutes a ribbed running surface facing the stator 2, which runs in front of the inner, likewise ribbed, surface of the stator 2 when operating.
  • the running surface is designed so that the rotor ribs 9, offset relative to each other by half the period of the induced alternating voltage's waveform, are alternately polarized by the North and South magnetic fields of the opposite stator ribs 8, causing polarity reversal in the stator 2, which in turn induces an alternating voltage in the coils 10 surrounding the stator 2.
  • the RPM of the generator 4 and the frequency of the alternating voltage induced in the stator 2 is proportional to the number of stator ribs 8 and rotor ribs 9, which is determined according to the required application.
  • the size of the alternating voltage induced is - likewise according to the given application - proportional to the number of turns in the coils 10 arranged in the stator 2.
  • the controller unit 6 is used to control the technical properties (frequency and voltage) and operating state of the generator 4.
  • the artificial load switch 14 is used to adjust the generator's 4 frequency and voltage, which is done in practice by using variable impedances.
  • the interlock 15 is used to connect the generator 4 to the consumer grid 7 as specified by the relevant standard specifications, so if the frequency, for example, ⁇ deviates by more than the admissible value, it is adjusted by the synchronous sensor and regulating element 21.
  • the isolating switch 20 is used to control the generator's 4 operating state where isolation from one or more consumer grids 7 and the subsequent short-circuiting is done by a short-circuiting switch 13 whenever the generator 4 is not constantly loaded at the same level or if the load drops. This is required to prevent the generator 4 from "running away" whenever there is no load.
  • the primary surge protector 16 and the secondary surge protector 19 essentially contain fuses which are tripped when there is a surge in any of the phases.
  • the downstream consumption meter 17 is used to measure consumer grid power, while the upstream consumption meter 18 is used to measure the generator's power output.
  • the generator's 4 housing is watertight, its revolution rate is preferably 8 to 16 RPM (8 RPM loaded and up to 16 RPM unloaded), the frequency is either 50 Hz or 60 Hz as required, the voltage is 1,000 V at the most, the consumer grid is single or multiple phase as required, and the power capacity is variable according to demand starting from just a few 10 kW.
  • the synchronous RPM is 3000, which requires 600 ribs or 1800 ribs in the case of single and three phases, respectively, in order to ensure proper operation of the equipment.
  • the generator is well suited to operation on both land and underwater
  • the power output of the generator can be a increased according to demand,
  • the generator can be isolated from the consumer grid without causing any power surges,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric power generating unit for powering the consumer grid or unit, which features an electric power generating unit with a drive shaft (1), stator (2) and rotor (3) and which is connected, via a controller unit (6), to the consumer grid (7) or unit. The invention is characterized in that the electric power generating unit consists of a generator (4) suitable for operation at 1-60 RPM in which the stator (2) has blades (8) on its skirt facing the rotor (3) in order to control the electric field generated by the magnetic field, while the rotor (3) has rotor blades (9) on the surface of its skirt facing the stator (2) bisected in the direction or the skirt's rotation, which are shifted sideways in relation to each other by half the period of the generated alternating current's waveform, furthermore which possesses a controller unit (6) which connects to the generator's (4) output and the consumer grid (7) or unit.

Description

Electric power generating unit for poweringfconsumer grid or unit
The subject of the invention is an electric power generating unit for powering the consumer grid or unit which can be advantageously used installed on dry land and underwater alike, consisting of a watertight housing, a sealed drive shaft providing the necessary torque and a power output cable - likewise sealed as it leaves the watertight housing - which outputs the generated electric power and connects to the required single or multiple phase consumer grid or unit, which is thus quite suitable for providing industrial-scale power or for powering communities or local installations such as houses, farmhouses or farmyards.
It is a known fact that there are a number of alternatives suitable for generating current and voltage such as low-powered water lifting machines, hydroelectric plants and turbo generators, for example.
The prior art is represented, for example, by a fluid driven electric generator described in patent description No. US4720640 where the electric power is generated by rotor blades driven by a fluid stream. In this known alternative, the pole arrangement is conventional because the stator poles face the rotor poles.
The prior art is likewise represented by a segmented generator, described in patent description No. US2003/0137149, which transforms mechanical power such as wind power or hydraulic power, for example, into electric power through a wide range of wind speeds or shaft RPMs. The rotor has many projecting poles arranged in a circle along the perimeter of the rotor ring. The stator ring has many stator coils wound onto a ferromagnetic structure as well as permanent magnets embedded in the structure. The relative movement of the rotor pole relative to the corresponding stator coil induces an alternating voltage in the stator coil. This alternative also employs a conventional pole arrangement and both known alternatives are used in turbines where the rotational axis of the turbine blades must always be parallel to the direction of flow. Likewise representing the prior art is patent description No. US6727600, whose subject is a small submerged generator with a self-regulating axial gap. The generator consists of a three-phase electromagnetic coil system embedded in the stator in such a fashion that a vertical boundary is formed along its shaft. The rotor contains radial blades and the alternating permanent magnet system is likewise embedded in the outer periphery of the blades so that an inner boundary is formed which is aligned with the outer boundaries forming an axial gap between them, which is variable in size. In this alternative, control of the electric field is done by a so-called liquid gap caused by water pressure in the rotor, not by the appropriate arrangement of stator and rotor ribs, and electric power is generated by rotation caused by the water flowing through the unit.
Furthermore representing the prior art is utility model No. HU 3206 U describing an illuminated signal buoy whose lighting unit is powered by a generator that produces extra-low voltage by harnessing wave action. The shortcoming of this known alternative is that it only operates if there is wave action (back and forth movement) and can only be used to generate extra-low voltage (12 V), therefore, it is unsuitable for generating industrial-scale power or for powering local installations.
The invention aims to eliminate the shortcomings inherent in the known alternatives and create an electric power generating unit for powering the consumer grid or unit which can be used to provide industrial-scale power or to power a wider range of communities or other local installations (such as houses, farmhouses and farmyards), its drive shaft has high torque, its generator can be used well both on land and underwater, it works at low RPM, the required frequency and voltage can be regulated downstream, it can be isolated from the consumer grid without causing a current surge, its construction, production and assembly can be done simply and quickly, its operation is reliable and can be manufactured economically.
The subject to the invention is based on the recognition that, if an electric power generating unit is created whose generator's drive shaft is preferably driven at high torque by transforming the kinetic energy of water into concentrated rotational energy and whose rotation speed is adjusted from 1 to 60 RPM due to the low flow rate of the water, the electric field generated by the magnetic field can be regulated by stator ribs, located on the generator's skirt facing the rotor as well as on the rotor skirt facing the stator, which are offset relative to each other by half the period of the induced alternating voltage's waveform on the skirt, which is bisected in the direction of flow, the frequency of the voltage induced in the coils surrounding the stator iron core is set by choosing the appropriate number of stator and rotor ribs, the size of the induced alternating voltage is determined by the number of turns in the coils on the stator, the generator's downstream regulation is implemented by an artificial load switch in the controller unit, the generator is isolated from the single or multiple phase grid by an isolation switch in the controller unit and, after isolation, the phases are automatically shorted without a current surge using a short-circuiting switch, then the electric power generating unit subject to the invention will achieve its objectives.
The subject of the invention, therefore, is an electric power generating unit for powering the consumer grid or unit which has an electric power generator that possesses a drive shaft, stator and rotor, which is connected to the consumer grid or unit via a controller unit. The electric power generating unit subject to the invention features that the electric power generating unit consists of a generator suitable for operating at 1 to 60 RPM in which there are stator ribs fashioned on the stator' s skirt facing the rotor in order to control the electric field generated by the magnetic field. In addition, there are rotor ribs fashioned on the rotor's stator facing skirt, which is bisected in the direction of water flow, and these are offset relative to each other by half the period of the induced alternating voltage's waveform, and there is a controller unit connected to the generator's output and the consumer grid or unit.
In an advantageous embodiment of the electric power generating unit subject to the invention, the generator has a rotor 1-5 meters in diameter and a stator surrounding it, consisting of laminated soft-iron whose perimeter has an arrangement of coils. Facing the coils, there is permanent magnet placed along the perimeter of the rotor, while on both sides of its skirt there are two surfaces consisting of two soft-iron rings separated from each other and polarized by permanent magnet so that the surface on the rim on one side is polarized to one pole, for example the North pole, while the one on the perimeter of the other side is polarized to the other, for example the South pole, and there is an air gap formed between the soft-iron ring and the stator.
In another advantageous embodiment of the electric power generating unit subject to the invention, the cross section of the soft-iron laminations in the generator's rotor is "L" shaped when viewed at right angles, half of which rests on the permanent magnet attached to the rotor while the other half constitutes a running surface facing the stator which is ribbed and where the rotor ribs facing the stator ribs are offset relative to each other by half the period of the generated alternating voltage's waveform.
In a third advantageous embodiment of the electric power generating unit subject to the invention, the generator's RPM and the frequency of the alternating voltage induced in the stator is proportional to the number of stator and rotor ribs.
In a fourth advantageous embodiment of the electric power generating unit subject to the invention, the size of the voltage induced in the stator is proportional to the number of turns in the coils arranged in the stator.
In a fifth advantageous embodiment of the electric power generating unit subject to the invention, the controller unit suitable for regulating the generator's technical properties and operating state preferably has a serially connected short-circuiting switch, artificial load switch, interlock, primary surge protector, downstream consumption meter, upstream consumption meter, secondary surge protector and an isolating switch.
In a sixth advantageous embodiment of the electric power generating unit subject to the invention, the controller unit has an artificial load switch which contains elements, preferably variable impedances, suitable for adjusting and controlling the generator's technical properties.
In a seventh advantageous embodiment of the electric power generating unit subject to the invention, the controller unit's interlock has a synchronous sensor and regulating element suitable for interconnecting the generator and the consumer grid according to the specifications.
In yet another advantageous embodiment of the electric power generating unit subject to the invention, the controller unit has an isolating switch suitable for isolating the generator from the single or multiple phase consumer grid, as well as a short-circuiting switch suitable for automatically shorting one or more phases.
In yet another advantageous embodiment of the electric power generating unit subject to the invention, the generator's output is connected to the controller unit and the consumer grid or unit by a cable in order to transmit the electric power generated.
The alternative described in the invention is demonstrated in detail through figures where:
Figure 1 shows a schematic drawing of the electric power generating unit,
Figure 2 shows a section running parallel to the rotational axis of the generator subject to the invention,
Figure 3 shows a section running perpendicular to the rotational axis of the generator subject to the invention,
Figure 4 shows a section running perpendicular to the rotational axis of the outer skirt of the generator subject to the invention,
Figure 5 shows a detail of the skirt of the rotor subject to invention,
Figure 6 shows a section coinciding with the rotational axis of the stator and rotor of the generator subject to the invention,
Figure 7 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the controller unit which connects to the output of the generator subject to the invention and the consumer grid.
Figure 1 shows a schematic drawing of the electric power generating unit subject to the invention. The drawing axonometrically depicts the generator 4 possessing a drive shaft 1, whose output is connected via a cable 5 and controller unit 6 to the consumer grid 7. The figure shows that the consumer grid 7 is three phase, where Ll is a live cable 1, L2 is a live cable 2, L3 is a live cable 3, N is the neutral cable and PE is the ground cable. Figure 2 shows a section running parallel to the rotational axis of the generator 4 subject to the invention. In this view, it is possible to see the drive shaft 1 and rotor 3 of the generator 4, as well as its watertight housing consisting of two parts, the bottom 22 and top 23 sections thereof. (The first detail I marked in the drawing is shown in greater detail in Figure 4.)
Figure 3 shows a section running perpendicular to the rotational axis of the generator 4 subject to the invention. The generator 4 is wheel shaped and has a large diameter (1-5 meter) rotor 3 and a stator 2 surrounding it, with a drive shaft 1 at the hub of the wheel. (The second detail II marked in the drawing is shown in greater detail in Figure 6.)
Figure 4 shows a section (Detail I) of the outer skirt of the generator 4 subject to the invention running perpendicular to the rotational axis thereof. There is permanent magnet 11 placed along the perimeter of the generator's 4 rotor 3, while on both sides of its skirt there are two surfaces consisting of two soft-iron rings 12 separated from each other and polarized by the permanent magnet 11 so that the surface on the rim on one side is polarized to one pole, for example the North, while the one on the perimeter of the other side is polarized to the other, for example the South pole. An air gap 24 is created between the soft- iron ring 12 on the rotor 3 and the stator 2. There are rotor ribs 9 on the surface of the rotor's 3 skirt, bisected in the direction of rotation, which faces the stator 2. There are stator ribs 8 on the surface of the stator' s 2 skirt which faces the rotor 3. The stator 2 and the rest of the generator's 4 components are surrounded by a housing consisting of two parts, a bottom 22 and top 23 section, which at the same time provides a watertight seal.
Figure 5 shows a detail of the skirt of the rotor 3 subject to the invention, with the bisected surface of the skirt and the rotor ribs 9. The rotor ribs 9 are offset relative to each other by half the period the induced voltage's waveform.
Figure 6 shows a section coinciding with the rotational axis of the stator 2 and rotor 3 of the generator 4 subject to the invention (Detail II). There are coils 10 arranged on poles along the perimeter of the stator 2 made from soft-iron and there are stator ribs 8 on the surface of the stator' s 2 skirt facing the rotor 3. There are rotor ribs 9 on the surface of the rotor's 3 skirt, bisected in the direction of rotation, which faces the stator 2. The cross section of the soft- iron rings 12 in the generator's rotor 3 is "L" shaped when viewed at right angles, half of which rests on the permanent magnet 11, shown in Figure 4, while the other half constitutes a running surface facing the stator 2 which is ribbed and where the rotor ribs 9 facing the stator ribs 8 are offset relative to each other by half of the period of the induced alternating voltage's waveform.
Figure 7 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the controller unit 6 that is connected to the output of the generator 4 subject to the invention and the consumer grid 7, which contains a serially connected short-circuiting switch 13, an artificial load switch 14, an interlock 15 with synchronous sensor and regulating element 21, primary surge protector 16, a downstream consumption meter 17, an upstream consumption meter 18, secondary surge protector 19 and an isolating switch 20. The figure also includes a schematic drawing of the generator 4 with a drive shaft 1 and of the consumer grid 7 which is three phased, where Ll is a live cable 1, L2 is a live cable 2, L3 is a live cable 3, N is the neutral cable and PE is the ground cable.
Based on the foregoing, the electric power generating unit subject to the invention operates as follows.
Acting as the input to the generator 4, the drive shaft 1 is driven at a constant, high torque which is preferably provided by transforming the kinetic energy of flowing water into rotational energy. On account of the low flow rate of the water, the drive shaft 1 drives a generator 4 whose revolution rate is low (1 to 60 RPM), thus no additional drive mechanism is required for driving it, and its diameter is relatively large, being 1-5 meters in size. The drive shaft 1 turns the rotor 3 of the generator 4, which induces an alternating voltage in the coils 10 of the stator 2. As the magnetic field is permanent due to the use of permanent magnet 11, the electric field that is generated by the magnetic field is regulated by stator ribs 8 fashioned on the stator' s 2 skirt facing the rotor 3 and by rotor ribs 9 fashioned on the skirt of the rotor 3 facing the stator 2, bisected in the direction of rotation, and which are offset relative to each other by half of the period of the induced alternating voltage's waveform.
A surface, made from two separate soft-iron rings 12 polarized by permanent magnet 11, is created on either side of the rotor's 3 skirt so that the surface on the rim on one side is polarized to one pole, for example the North pole, while the one on the perimeter of the other side is polarized to the other, for example the South pole. The cross section of the soft-iron rings 12 is "L" shaped when viewed at right angles, half of which rests on the permanent magnet 11 while the other half constitutes a ribbed running surface facing the stator 2, which runs in front of the inner, likewise ribbed, surface of the stator 2 when operating. The running surface is designed so that the rotor ribs 9, offset relative to each other by half the period of the induced alternating voltage's waveform, are alternately polarized by the North and South magnetic fields of the opposite stator ribs 8, causing polarity reversal in the stator 2, which in turn induces an alternating voltage in the coils 10 surrounding the stator 2.
The RPM of the generator 4 and the frequency of the alternating voltage induced in the stator 2 is proportional to the number of stator ribs 8 and rotor ribs 9, which is determined according to the required application.
The size of the alternating voltage induced is - likewise according to the given application - proportional to the number of turns in the coils 10 arranged in the stator 2.
The controller unit 6 is used to control the technical properties (frequency and voltage) and operating state of the generator 4. The artificial load switch 14 is used to adjust the generator's 4 frequency and voltage, which is done in practice by using variable impedances. The interlock 15 is used to connect the generator 4 to the consumer grid 7 as specified by the relevant standard specifications, so if the frequency, for example, ■ deviates by more than the admissible value, it is adjusted by the synchronous sensor and regulating element 21. The isolating switch 20 is used to control the generator's 4 operating state where isolation from one or more consumer grids 7 and the subsequent short-circuiting is done by a short-circuiting switch 13 whenever the generator 4 is not constantly loaded at the same level or if the load drops. This is required to prevent the generator 4 from "running away" whenever there is no load.
When shorting, there is no current surge that might damage the generator 4 or the cable 5 that conducts the electric power generated. In this case, no surge protection or other kind of protection should be inserted in the cable section that runs between the generator 4 and the short-circuiting switch 13. The primary surge protector 16 and the secondary surge protector 19 essentially contain fuses which are tripped when there is a surge in any of the phases.
The downstream consumption meter 17 is used to measure consumer grid power, while the upstream consumption meter 18 is used to measure the generator's power output.
In an advantageous embodiment of the electric power generating unit subject to the invention, the generator's 4 housing is watertight, its revolution rate is preferably 8 to 16 RPM (8 RPM loaded and up to 16 RPM unloaded), the frequency is either 50 Hz or 60 Hz as required, the voltage is 1,000 V at the most, the consumer grid is single or multiple phase as required, and the power capacity is variable according to demand starting from just a few 10 kW. For example, in the case of a revolution rate of 5 RPM and a frequency of 50 Hz, the synchronous RPM is 3000, which requires 600 ribs or 1800 ribs in the case of single and three phases, respectively, in order to ensure proper operation of the equipment.
The electric power generating unit described in the invention achieved its objectives and has the following advantages:
It can be used to provide industrial-scale power and to power a wide range of communities and other local installations,
The generator is well suited to operation on both land and underwater,
The power output of the generator can be a increased according to demand, The generator can be isolated from the consumer grid without causing any power surges,
Its production and assembly can be done simply and quickly,
Its operation is reliable,
It can be manufactured economically.

Claims

1. An electric power generating unit for powering the consumer grid or unit, which features an electric power generating unit with a drive shaft (1), stator (2) and rotor (3) and which is connected, via a controller unit (6), to the consumer grid (7) or unit, characterized in that the electric power generating unit consists of a generator (4) suitable for operation at 1 to 60 RPM in which the stator (2) has ribs (8) on its skirt facing the rotor (3) in order to control the electric field generated by the magnetic field, while the rotor (3) has rotor ribs (9) on the surface of its stator (2) facing skirt bisected in the direction or the skirt's rotation, which are offset relative to each other by half the period of the generated alternating voltage's waveform, furthermore which possesses a controller unit (6) which connects to the generator's (4) output and the consumer grid (7) or unit.
2. The electric power generating unit according to Claim 1 characterized in that the generator (4) has a rotor (3) 1-5 meters in diameter and a stator (2) surrounding it made from laminated soft-iron, on whose perimeter there are coils (10) arranged, there is a permanent magnet (11) facing the coils (10) along the perimeter of the rotor (3), there is a surface polarized by the permanent magnet (11) fashioned on its skirt on both sides consisting of two separate soft-iron rings (12) so that the surface on the rim on one side is polarized to the North pole, for example, while the one on the perimeter of the other side is polarized to the South pole, for example, and there is an air gap (24) formed between the soft-iron ring (12) on the rotor (3) and the stator (2).
3. The electric power generating unit according to Claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the cross section of the soft-iron rings (12) in the generator's (4) rotor (3) is "L" shaped when viewed at right angles, half of which rests on the permanent magnet (11) attached to the rotor (3) while the other half constitutes a running surface facing the stator (2) which is ribbed and where the rotor ribs (9) facing the stator ribs (8) are offset relative to each other by half the period of the induced alternating voltage's waveform.
4. The electric power generating unit according to any of Claims 1 - 3 characterized in that the generator's (4) RPM and the frequency of the alternating voltage induced in the stator (2) is proportional to the number of stator ribs (8) and rotor ribs (9).
5. The electric power generating unit according to any of Claims 1 - 4 characterized in that the size of the alternating voltage induced in the stator (2) is proportional to the number of turns in the coils (10) arranged in the stator (2).
6. The electric power generating unit according to any of Claims 1 - 5 characterized in that the controller unit (6) suitable for regulating the generator's (4) technical properties and operating state preferably has a serially connected short-circuiting switch (13), artificial load switch (14), interlock (15), primary surge protector (16), downstream consumption meter (17), upstream consumption meter (18), secondary surge protector (19) and an isolating switch (20).
7. The electric power generating unit according to any of Claims 1 - 6 characterized in that the controller unit (6) has an artificial load switch (14) which contains elements, preferably variable impedances, suitable for adjusting and controlling the generator's (4) technical properties.
8. The electric power generating unit according to any of Claims 1 - 7 characterized in that the controller unit's (6) interlock (15) has a synchronous sensor and regulating element (21) suitable for interconnecting the generator (4) and the consumer grid (7) according to the specifications.
9. The electric power generating unit according to any of Claims 1 - 8 characterized in that the controller unit (6) has an isolating switch (20) suitable for isolating the generator (4) from the single or multiple phase consumer grid, as well as a short- circuiting switch (13) suitable for automatically shorting one or more phases.
10. The electric power generating unit according to any of Claims 1 - 9 characterized in that the generator's (4) output is connected to the controller unit (6) and the consumer grid (7) or unit by a cable (5) in order to transmit the electric power generated.
PCT/HU2008/000048 2007-05-25 2008-05-15 Electric power generating unit for powering the consumer grid or unit WO2008146061A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HUP0700372 2007-05-25
HU0700372A HU0700372D0 (en) 2007-05-25 2007-05-25 Power supply generator for electric network

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WO2008146061A2 true WO2008146061A2 (en) 2008-12-04
WO2008146061A3 WO2008146061A3 (en) 2009-12-03

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HU (1) HU0700372D0 (en)
WO (1) WO2008146061A2 (en)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5662091A (en) * 1979-10-22 1981-05-27 Sanii Kk Controlling system for speed of motor
US4516048A (en) * 1983-09-29 1985-05-07 The Superior Electric Company Stator with nonuniformly spaced teeth for rotating electromagnetic device
US6628032B1 (en) * 1999-07-12 2003-09-30 Mmt S.A. Motor or generator type electromagnetic devices

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5662091A (en) * 1979-10-22 1981-05-27 Sanii Kk Controlling system for speed of motor
US4516048A (en) * 1983-09-29 1985-05-07 The Superior Electric Company Stator with nonuniformly spaced teeth for rotating electromagnetic device
US6628032B1 (en) * 1999-07-12 2003-09-30 Mmt S.A. Motor or generator type electromagnetic devices

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WO2008146061A3 (en) 2009-12-03

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