WO2008104125A1 - Système d'auto-sauvetage de groupes pour gratte-ciels - Google Patents

Système d'auto-sauvetage de groupes pour gratte-ciels Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008104125A1
WO2008104125A1 PCT/CN2008/000402 CN2008000402W WO2008104125A1 WO 2008104125 A1 WO2008104125 A1 WO 2008104125A1 CN 2008000402 W CN2008000402 W CN 2008000402W WO 2008104125 A1 WO2008104125 A1 WO 2008104125A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
escape
fixed
guiding
reel
support frame
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2008/000402
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Xiaolin Bai
Original Assignee
Xiaolin Bai
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xiaolin Bai filed Critical Xiaolin Bai
Priority to CNA2008800045325A priority Critical patent/CN101605572A/zh
Publication of WO2008104125A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008104125A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62BDEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B1/00Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
    • A62B1/02Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rescue cages, bags, or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-rise escape system, and particularly relates to a group self-rescue escape system for a trapped crowd to quickly descend from the roof or the refuge chamber wall when a high-rise disaster (fire, earthquake, terrorist incident, etc.) occurs.
  • a high-rise disaster fire, earthquake, terrorist incident, etc.
  • the applicant of the present invention discloses two types of life savers that do not use a power source, respectively, in US Pat. No. 7,278, 601, the priority of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the electromechanical energy conversion principle of the motor the kinetic energy released by the human body in the process of descending from the high position to the low position is used to drive the rotation of the rotor to generate electric energy, which is then received by the energy receiving device (such as a super capacitor) or converted into heat energy dissipation ( For example, the power consumption resistance), when the kinetic energy released during the falling of the human body and the rate at which the energy receiving device receives or converts into the thermal energy dissipation reach an equilibrium state, the uniform velocity is reduced, so that the life preserver does not overexpose when it falls to the ground.
  • the kinetic energy impact ensures personal safety.
  • the applicant of the present invention has pioneered the purpose of regulating the descending speed of the human body by utilizing the principle of electromechanical energy conversion.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a self-rescue escape system for a trapped person to quickly descend from the roof or the refuge chamber wall when a high-rise disaster (fire, earthquake, terrorist incident, etc.) occurs.
  • a high-rise group self-rescue escape system including a base, a support frame fixed on the base, a first load-bearing rope, a first escape bin, a first reel, a shifting mechanism, a motor and a work
  • the first load-bearing rope is fixed at one end and wound on the first reel.
  • the support frame is fixed with a first support wheel, and the other end of the first load-bearing rope passes through the first support wheel.
  • the first reel drives the shifting mechanism via the transmission mechanism, and the output of the shifting mechanism drives the motor, and the induced potential output of the motor is connected to the energy receiving device.
  • the energy receiving device is an adjustable power consumption resistor.
  • the base is fixed on the building, the first reel, the shifting mechanism and the motor are fixed in the support frame, and the support frame is supported by the base on the base, so that the first escape suspended on the support frame
  • the warehouse can extend out of the wall of the building.
  • a first guiding device is disposed between the support frame and the ground, and the first escape bin moves along the first guiding device.
  • the base is fixed on the building, and the first reel, the second reel, the shifting mechanism and the motor are fixed in the support frame, and the support frame is supported on the base by rolling, so that the support frame is mounted on the support frame
  • the suspended first escape bin and the suspended first escape bin can extend out of the wall of the building.
  • a clutch is disposed between the second reel and the first reel.
  • the winding direction of the first load-bearing rope on the first reel is opposite to the winding direction of the second load-bearing rope on the second reel.
  • the energy receiving device is an adjustable power consumption resistor.
  • a first guiding device and a second guiding device are disposed between the support frame and the ground, the first escape bin moves along the first guiding device, and the second escape bin moves along the second guiding device.
  • the first guiding device is a first guiding rope
  • the second guiding device is a second guiding rope
  • a first guiding fixed pulley is fixed on the first escape bin
  • a second fixing is fixed on the second escape bin a guiding pulley
  • the first guiding rope passing through the first guiding fixed pulley
  • the second guiding rope passing through the second guiding fixed pulley, and correspondingly arranged on the supporting frame for adjusting and fixing between the supporting frame and the ground
  • Each adjustment device includes a wheel mounted on the support frame for fixing and winding the guide wire, and a turntable for rotating the wheel.
  • the first guiding fixed pulley and the second guiding fixed pulley are disposed in pairs, and are fixed on the sides of the corresponding first escape bin and the second escape bin at a certain interval, and the first guiding rope sequentially passes through a first guiding fixed pulley After being fixed to the fixed pulley of the first hanging member ⁇ and the other first guiding fixed pulley, both ends of the first guiding rope are fixed on the rotating wheel of the first adjusting device, the first connecting member and the ground The first fixed hook is fastened, and the second guiding rope passes through a second guiding fixed pulley, a fixed pulley fixed on the second hanging member, and another second guiding fixed pulley, and the second guiding rope Both ends are fixed on the rotating wheel of the second adjusting device, and the second connecting member is fastened to the second fixing hook embedded in the ground.
  • the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) By setting an escape bin, the risk of escape personnel and the risk of being damaged by airborne foreign objects are overcome, and other rope-type escape devices are overcome in the air to sway or rotate. Such fatal problems have greatly improved the safety of escape personnel. 2) By setting the base and the support frame fixed on the base, and fixing the shifting mechanism, the motor and the energy receiving device on the support frame (also fixed on the base or the building), only the escape under the support frame warehouse.
  • This structural design has the following advantages: First, the load on the support frame is reduced, and the operation of the escape bin is facilitated; Second, the structural design of the self-rescue escape system such as the shifting mechanism, the motor and the energy receiving device can be restricted by factors such as space size and weight. According to the needs, the size of the escape bin can be flexibly designed to accommodate the escape needs of one to several dozen people. Third, the escaped personnel on the building can control the speed of the escape bin in time to cope with various possible bursts. event. 3) Support The frame is supported on the pedestal.
  • the escape bins suspended on the support frame can be pushed out and away from the wall of the building according to the shape characteristics of different buildings, ensuring that the escape personnel can escape safely and safely.
  • the guiding device, especially the guiding device using simple, flexible and practical guiding rope, it avoids the problem of swinging rotation of the escape bin caused by high wind and high wind, and the running track of the escape bin is controllable, so that the escape personnel Stay away from all kinds of threats and guide the escape bins to land in safe areas where people are not vulnerable to falling foreign objects.
  • the double bins can be used continuously in a reciprocating manner.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-rescue escape system for a high-rise group.
  • Fig. 2 is a view showing another direction of Fig. 1.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the guiding device of Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the structure of Figure 1 after the support frame is removed.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the regulating device of Figure 1.
  • Figure 6 is a control diagram of the induced current output circuit of the motor of Figure 1.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the regulating table of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 8 is a structural schematic view of the control table of Fig. 1 when the rear cover is opened.
  • a high-rise self-rescue escape system please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 7, including a base 12, a support frame 10 supported on the base 12, a first load-bearing rope 83, a second load-bearing rope 83', and a first escape bin. 20.
  • a second escape bin 22 a regulating device, a first guiding device, a second guiding device and a regulating platform 30.
  • the regulating device includes a first reel 55, a second reel 57, a clutch 56, a shifting mechanism 52, a motor 51, and a brake brake 58.
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 7 including a base 12, a support frame 10 supported on the base 12, a first load-bearing rope 83, a second load-bearing rope 83', and a first escape bin. 20.
  • a second escape bin 22 a regulating device, a first guiding device, a second guiding device and a regulating platform 30.
  • the regulating device includes a first reel 55, a
  • the control platform 30 is provided with a first two-wheel turntable 31, a second two-wheel turntable 35, a clutch adjustment lever 32, a tuning knob 33, and a brake adjustment.
  • the base 12 is mainly formed by a fixed connection of a rail, a fixed rail bolt card, a weight, and the like.
  • the pedestal 12 can be fixed to the roof 100 or used on each floor.
  • the support frame 10 is a hexagonal iron frame, and the first reel 55, the second reel 57, the shifting mechanism 52, the motor 51 and the regulating table 30 are fixed in the support frame 10.
  • the support frame 10 protrudes from the high building by the moving device, and the moving device comprises a rocking handle 36, a support frame positioning card 14, a roller (not shown) installed at the bottom of the support frame 10, and the rotation of the rocker 36 is transmitted through a conventional toothed chain (not Painting)
  • the mechanism drives the rollers to push part of the support frame 10 out of the tall building.
  • the handle 36 is mounted on the side of the console 30.
  • the support frame 10 can be fixed by moving the support frame 10 to the positioning card 12 on the base 12.
  • the support frame 10 can be pushed out of the base 12 so that the first escape bin 20 and the first escape bin 22 suspended from the support frame 10 can be extended outside the wall of the building.
  • a first support wheel 85 and a second support wheel 86 are fixed to the outer side of the support frame 10.
  • one end of the first load-bearing rope 83 is fixed and wound on the first reel 55, and the other end of the first load-bearing rope 83 sequentially passes through a pair of guide fixed pulleys 84 fixed on the base 12.
  • the first escape bin 20 is suspended after the first support wheel 85 fixed to the upper portion of the support frame 10.
  • One end of the second load-bearing rope 83' is fixed and wound around the second reel 57, and the winding of the second load-bearing rope 83' on the second reel 57 and the winding of the first load-bearing rope 83 on the second reel 57 To the contrary.
  • the other end of the second load-bearing rope 83' sequentially passes through a pair of guide fixed pulleys 84' fixed to the base 12, and a second support wheel 86 fixed to the upper portion of the support frame 10, and then suspends the second escape bin 22.
  • Both the first escape bin 20 and the second escape bin 22 are provided with a bin door 24, which may be a door leaf or a folding door leaf that is opened separately or on both sides.
  • the enclosed first escape bin 20 and the second escape bin 22 eliminate the fear of high-rise escapers and the damage of escaped personnel from falling foreign objects.
  • the first reel 55 and the second reel 57 may be coupled to rotate at the same speed by the clutch 56, or the first reel 55 and the second reel 57 may be disengaged by the clutch 56 when the first escape bin 20 is lowered.
  • the first reel 55 rotates while the second reel 57 does not follow the rotation.
  • the clutch 56 is coupled to the clutch adjustment push rod 32 on the console 30 to establish or disconnect the connection between the first spool 55 and the second spool 57 by pushing the adjustment push rod 32.
  • the first reel 55, the second reel 57, the motor 51, the holding brake 58 for the brake motor 51 rotor, and the shifting mechanism 52 are disposed behind the regulating table 30 on the support frame 10.
  • the first reel 55 and the shifting mechanism 52 are driven by a belt 53.
  • the load-bearing ropes (83, 83') of the first escape bin 20 and the second escape bin 22 are wound on the first reel 55 and the second reel 57, when the first escape bin 20 or the second escape bin 22 is lowered At this time, the first reel 55 or the second reel 57 rotates under the action of the human body gravity, and the transmission mechanism 52 is driven by the transmission belt 53 to drive the motor 51 to generate electric energy after the speed increase mechanism 52 increases the speed.
  • the electric energy generated after the rotation of the motor 51 is rectified by the rectifier 72 and received by the energy receiving device 71.
  • the energy receiving device 71 can employ a power consumption resistor, a super capacitor, or the like.
  • the energy receiving device is preferably a variable resistor 71 through which the received electrical energy is converted into heat energy dissipation.
  • the received electrical energy is stored by a super capacitor.
  • the process of loading an escaped person's escape bin from a high position is essentially a process of energy release (potential energy is converted into kinetic energy), the rate at which energy is released when the escape bin is lowered, and the motor and adjustable resistance.
  • rate at which the energy is converted into heat dissipation is equal, the speed at which the escape bin falls does not increase.
  • the smaller the resistance, the greater the heat consumption, and the greater the kinetic energy can be released through the resistor in time the smaller the final falling speed of the escape bin will be. (kinetic energy is small).
  • the resistance is in the off state, all of the escape bins of the escape bin are in a free fall state due to the inability to release through the resistor. Therefore, it is possible to control the falling speed of the escape bin by adjusting the resistance of the adjustable resistor 71 according to different load capacities and different descent speed requirements.
  • the adjustment of the adjustable resistor 71 is realized by the speed regulating knob 33 disposed on the regulating platform 30.
  • the resistance of the adjustable resistor 71 can be changed by the speed adjusting knob 33 on the rotating control console 30, thereby achieving the first control.
  • the purpose of the second escape bin 20, 22 is to slow down.
  • a first guiding device and a second guiding device are disposed between the support frame 10 and the ground to establish a reciprocating track for the first escape bin 20 and the second escape bin 22.
  • Guided loading The arrangement may be a rail or a wire rope or the like.
  • the wire rope is preferably manufactured, that is, the first guiding device is the guiding wire rope 68, and the second guiding device is the guiding wire rope 68'.
  • the first adjusting device comprises a first tight rope double wheel 61 and a first turntable 31 for rotating the first tight rope double wheel 61, the second adjusting device comprising a second tight rope double wheel 62 and for rotating the second tight rope double The second turntable 35 of the wheel 62.
  • a pair of first guide pulleys 63 are fixed on the two symmetrical sides of the first escape bin 20, and a pair of second guide pulleys 63' are fixed on the two symmetrical sides of the second escape bin 22.
  • the first guide wire 68 sequentially passes through the first guide pulley 63 on one side of the first escape bin 20, a pair of fixed pulleys 67 fixed on the first hanger 64, and the other side of the first escape bin 20.
  • the two ends of the first guiding rope 68 are fixed on the first tight rope double wheel 61, and the first connecting member 64 is fastened to the ground fixing hook 66.
  • the second guiding rope 68' sequentially passes through the second guiding fixed pulley 63' on one side of the first escape bin 22, the pair of fixed pulleys 67' fixed to the second hanging member 64', and the second escape bin 22 After the second guide pulley (not shown) on the other side, both ends of the second guide rope 68' are fixed to the second tight rope double wheel 62, and the second connecting member 64' and the ground embedded fixing hook 66 'Tighten the connection.
  • the tension of the first guide rope 68 can be adjusted by rotating the first turntable 31 on the control table 30, and the tension of the second guide rope 68' can be adjusted by rotating the second turntable 35 on the control table 30.
  • the tension of the first guiding ropes 68 on both sides of the first hanging member 64 is kept constant at all times.
  • the tension of the second guiding rope 68' on both sides of the second hanging member 64' is kept constant at all times.
  • the connecting piece (64, 64') wearing the guide rope (68, 68') is dropped or shot by the stringer 65 and fixed to the ground pre-embedded hook (66, 66') Upper, controlling the first and second escape bins (20, 22) to descend or rise along the guide ropes (68, 68'), preventing the first and second escape bins (20, 22) from rotating, rocking, and following in the air.
  • the wind drifts thus solving the problem that the upper and lower high-rise buildings cannot fall to the ground at one time.
  • the specific steps for the installation of the guides are as follows: the ropes (68, 68') and the connecting members (64, 64') connected to the ground are pulled to the ground by the ropes (65, 65').
  • the stainless steel pre-embedded fixing hooks (66, 66') are hung.
  • the guide rope 68 can be tightened by the first turntable 31 rotating the first tight rope double wheel 61 fixed to the support frame 10.
  • the second tight wire double wheel 62 fixed to the support frame 10 is rotated by the second turntable 35, and the guide wire 68' can be tightened.
  • the first and second tight ropes (61, 62) and the first and second turntables (31, 35) can complete the tensioning of the guide ropes (68, 68') by the familiar ratchet pawl mechanism.
  • the ratchet pawl mechanism is manually adjusted by the first and second turntables (31, 35).
  • the support frame 10 When a disaster occurs, the support frame 10 is pushed to the positioning card 14, the rope is used to shoot the soft rope to the ground, and then the ground personnel will connect the guide ropes (68, 68') and the connectors (64, 64 ' ) Pull it to the ground to fix the hook (66, 66 ').
  • the first tight rope double wheel 61 and the second tight rope double wheel 62 are rotated by the first turntable 31 and the second turntable 35 to tighten the guide ropes (68, 68').
  • the first escape bin 20 is opened to fill the escape personnel, the door 24 is closed, and the brakes 58 are disengaged, and the first group of escape personnel begins to descend along the guide rope 68 to escape.
  • the escaper closes the clutch 56, and then opens the second escape bin 22 to fill the escape personnel, closing the bin door 24
  • the second batch of escape personnel begins to descend along the guide rail 68' as the second escape bin 22 is disengaged.
  • the first escape bin 20 has been tilted back to the high-rise position along the guide rope 68, and the third batch or later is operated by the escaper. Drop to escape until all escaped personnel have escaped. If only 1 to 2 people are left to escape, the resistance of the adjustable resistor 71 can be increased by the speed adjustment knob 33 to increase the speed of the escape bin, so as to escape quickly.

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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)

Description

高楼无源往复式群体自救逃生***
【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种高楼逃生***, 具体涉及一种用在高楼灾难 (火灾、 地震、 恐怖事件等) 发生时, 供被困人群从楼顶或避难室墙外快速下降逃 生的群体自救逃生***。
【背景技术】
目前, 在众多灾难中, 高楼火灾、 地震、 恐怖事件最具突发性, 它们 给人类造成的伤亡也最大。 主要原因是无法使用动力电源, 因为高楼灾难 发生时, 电源极大可能被切断, 在没有电源的情况下, 以电源作为动力的 传统逃生设备 (或称救生器)无法启用, 更无实用的群体自救逃生避难器 材。 对于高层建筑灾情突发时的民用自救器材, 由于其用途、 使用环境、 保存时间等条件的特殊性,对救生器材的实用性和安全性都有极高的要求。 可是,现有高层建筑用救生器材, 由于在结构设计上受机械摩擦原理所限, 不能保证安全实用, 当灾害发生时, 靠救援人员很难及时救出高层建筑内 被困人员。
本发明的申请人在 US7278, 601 (要求中国专利 CN01129193的优先 权)和 CN1990064中分别公开了两种不采用电源的救生器。 利用电机的 机电能量转换原理, 利用人体在从高位向低位下降的过程中释放出的动能 驱动转子旋转产生电能, 该电能再由能量接收装置接收(如超级电容) 或 转换成热能耗散掉(如功耗电阻),当人体下降的过程中释放出的动能与能 量接收装置接收或转换成热能耗散的速率达到平衡状态时,实现匀速下降, 从而使救生器降落到地面时不会产生过度的动能冲击, 确保人身安全。 本 发明的申请人首创性地实现了利用机电能量转换原理调控人体下降速度的 目的。
但是, 上述技术仍还存在如下不足: 1、 没有针对逃生人员设置保护 装置, 在高层建筑上使用时, 由于楼高风大, 逃生人员易恐高和受空中掉 落异物伤害, 或者逃生设备易摇摆旋转, 如果撞击墙体则会严重威胁到逃 生人员的生命安全, 因此救生器的使用高度受到限制。 2、现有救生器几乎 都是针对单人逃生设计的, 目前还没有针对群体自救逃生使用的***。 所
1
替换页(细则第 26条) 以一旦在灾难突发时,现有逃生设备无法达到群体自救逃生的 的。 3、传 统的逃生设备只适合直筒楼, 而对上细下粗或底部有裙楼的楼宇无法安装 使用。 5、现代城市建设发展快速,高层建筑相对集中,人员交通都很密集, 一旦发生灾难, 交通状况必然混乱恶化, 救援人员以及救援车很难快速而 及时地赶到事发现场, 不能在最佳救援时间实施救援。
【发明内容】
为解决上述问题, 本发明的目的是提出一种用在高楼灾难 (火灾、 地 震、 恐怖事件等) 发生时, 供被困人群从楼顶或避难室墙外快速下降逃生 的群体自救逃生***。
实现上述目的的技术方案是:一种高楼群体自救逃生***,包括基座、 固定在基座上的支撑架、第一承重绳、第一逃生仓、第一卷筒、变速机构、 电机和功耗电阻, 所述第一承重绳的一端固定并缠绕在第一卷筒上, 所述. 支撑架上固定有第一支撑轮, 所述第一承重绳的另一端穿过第一支撑轮后 悬挂第一逃生仓, 第一卷筒经传动机构传动变速机构, 变速机构的输出传 动所述电机, 所述电机的感应电势输出接能量接收装置。 所述能量接收装置是可调节的功耗电阻。
所述基座固定在建筑物上, 所述支撑架内固定所述第一卷筒、 变速机 构和电机, 所述支撑架滚动支撑在所述基座上, 使得支撑架上悬挂的第一 逃生仓能够伸出建筑物的墙体外。
所述支撑架与地面之间设置有第一导向装置, 所述第一逃生仓沿着第 一导向装置运动。
还包括第二卷筒、 第二承重绳和第二逃生仓, 所述第二承重绳的一端 固定并缠绕在第二卷筒上, 所述支撑架上固定有第二支撑轮, 所述第二承 重绳的另一端穿过第二支撑轮后悬挂第二逃生仓, 所述第二卷筒经传动机 构传动变速机构。
所述基座固定在建筑物上, 所述支撑架内固定所述第一卷筒、 第二卷 筒、 变速机构和电机, 所述支撑架滚动支撑在所述基座上, 使得支撑架上 悬挂的第一逃生仓和悬挂第一逃生仓能够伸出建筑物的墙体外。
所述第二卷筒与第一卷筒之间设置离合器。 所述第一承重绳在第一卷筒上的绕向与第二承重绳在第二卷筒上的绕 向相反。
所述能量接收装置是可调节的功耗电阻。
所述支撑架与地面之间设置有第一导向装置和第二导向装置, 所述第 一逃生仓沿着第一导向装置运动, 所述第二逃生仓沿着第二导向装置运动。
所述第一导向装置是第一导向绳, 所述第二导向装置是第二导向绳, 所述第一逃生仓上固定有第一导向定滑轮, 所述第二逃生仓上固定有第二 导向定滑轮, 所述第一导向绳穿过第一导向定滑轮, 所述第二导向绳穿过 第二导向定滑轮, 在支撑架上对应设置有用于调节固定在支撑架与地面之 间导向绳的紧固力的第一调节装置和第二调节装置。
每一调节装置包括装设在支撑架上的用于固定并卷绕导向绳的转轮, 及用于转动所述转轮的转盘。
所述第一导向定滑轮和第二导向定滑轮成对设置, 并以一定间隔固定在对 应的第一逃生仓和第二逃生仓侧面上, 第一导向绳依次穿过一个第一导向 定滑轮、 固定在第一挂接件 ±的定滑轮、 另一个第一导向定滑轮后, 第一 导向绳的两端固定在所述第一调节装置的转轮上, 所述第一连接件与地面 预埋的第一固定钩紧固连接, 第二导向绳依次穿过一个第二导向定滑轮、 固定在第二挂接件上的定滑轮、 另一个第二导向定滑轮后, 第二导向绳的 两端固定在所述第二调节装置的转轮上, 所述第二连接件与地面预埋的第 二固定钩紧固连接。
' 采用上述技术方案,本发明有益的技术效果在于: 1 )通过设置逃生仓, 克服了逃生人员的恐高和受空中掉落异物伤害的危险, 克服了其它绳索式 逃生设备在空中摇摆或旋转等致命性问题,大大提高了逃生人员的安全性。 2)通过设置基座和固定在基座上的支撑架, 并将变速机构、 电机和能量接 收装置固定在支撑架上(也可以固定在基座或建筑物上),支撑架下只悬挂 逃生仓。 这种结构设计具有如下优点: 一是减轻了支撑架的负荷, 便于逃 生仓的运行; 二是变速机构、 电机和能量接收装置等自救逃生***的结构 设计可不受空间尺寸、 重量等因素的限制, 可以根据需要, 灵活设计逃生 仓的大小, 以容纳一人至数十人的逃生需要; 三是建筑物上的待逃生人员 可以及时地控制逃生仓下降的速度, 以应对各种可能的突发事件。 3 )支撑 架滚动支撑在基座上, 当使用自救逃生***时, 能够根据不同建筑物的形 状特点, 将支撑架上悬挂的逃生仓推出并远离建筑物的墙体, 保证逃生人 员能够顺利地安全逃生。 4 )通过设置导向装置,特别是导向装置采用简单、 灵活、 实用的导向绳, 既避免了搂高风大易造成的逃生仓摇摆旋转问题, 而且逃生仓的运行轨迹可控, 以使逃生人员远离各种威胁, 引导逃生仓降 落在不易受下落异物伤害出仓人员的安全地带。 5 )通过设置第一逃生仓和 第二逃生仓, 双仓可往复式连续使用。 当载满逃生人员的第一逃生仓往下 降时, 在重力的作用下, 第二逃生仓同时被往上拖, 当第一逃生仓降到地 面时, 第二逃 仓同时被拖回原楼层。 反之, 当第二逃生仓降到地面时, 可使第一逃生仓同时拖回原楼层。因此,借助于第一逃生仓和第二逃生仓, 可以继续不断地救援剩下的逃生人员。 ' ·
【附图说明】 ' ' ' 下面通过实施例并结合附图, 对本发明作进一步的详细说明: 图 1是一种高楼群体自救逃生***的结构示意图。
图 2是图 1的另一方向视图。
图 3是图 1中的导向装置的结构示意图。
图 4是图 1中去除支撑架后的结构示意图。
图 5是图 1中的调控装置的结构示意图。
图 6是图 1中电机的感应电流输出电路控制图。
图 7是图 1中的调控台的结构示意图。
图 8是图 1中调控台打开后盖时的结构示意图。
【具体实施方式】
一种高楼群体自救逃生***, 请结合图 1至图 7, 包括基座 12、 滚动 支撑在基座 12上的支撑架 10、 第一承重绳 83、 第二承重绳 83 '、 第一逃 生仓 20、第二逃生仓 22、调控装置、第一导向装置、第二导向装置和调控 台 30。如图 5所示, 调控装置包括第一卷筒 55、第二卷筒 57、离合器 56、 变速机构 52、电机.51和抱刹 58。如图 7所示,调控台 30上设置有第一双 轮转盘 31、 第二双轮转盘 35、 离合器调节杆 32、 调 旋钮 33、 抱刹调节 参考图 1和图 2, 基座 12主要由钢轨、 固定钢轨螺栓卡、 配重物等固 定连接而成。基座 12可固定在楼顶 100上使用,也可设置在各楼层上使用。 支撑架 10为一六方形铁框, 支撑架 10内固定第一卷筒 55、 第二卷筒 57、 变速机构 52、 电机 51和调控台 30。支撑架 10通过移动装置伸出高楼, 移 动装置包括摇柄 36、 支撑架定位卡 14、 装设在支撑架 10底部的滚轮(未 画), 摇柄 36的转动经常规的齿链传动 (未画) 机构驱动滚轮, 从而将部 分支撑架 10推出高楼。为方便操作,摇柄 36装设在调控台 30的侧边。通 过旋转摇柄 36, 移动支撑架 10至基座 12上的定位卡 12处可固定住支撑 架 10。当出现灾难时,能够将支撑架 10从基座 12上推出, 以使支撑架 10 上悬挂的第一逃生仓 20和第一逃生仓 22能够伸出建筑物的墙体外降落。 支撑架 10的外侧上固定有第一支撑轮 85和第二支撑轮 86。
请参考图 4与图 5, 第一承重绳 83的一端固定并缠绕在第一卷筒 55 上, 第一承重绳 83的另一端依次穿过固定在基座 12上的一对导向定滑轮 84、 固定在支撑架 10上部的第一支撑轮 85后悬挂第一逃生仓 20。第二承 重绳 83 ' 的一端固定并缠绕在第二卷筒 57上, 第二承重绳 83 ' 在第二卷 筒 57上的绕向与第一承重绳 83在第二卷筒 57上的绕向相反。第二承重绳 83 ' 的另一端依次穿过固定在基座 12上的一对导向定滑轮 84 '、固定在支 撑架 10上部的第二支撑轮 86后悬挂第二逃生仓 22。 第一逃生仓 20与第 二逃生仓 22都设置有仓门 24,所述仓门 24可为单独或者两侧开启的门扇 或者折叠式门扇。 封闭式的第一逃生仓 20和第二逃生仓 22可消除高楼逃 生人员的恐惧感和掉落异物对逃生人员的伤害。
第一卷筒 55与第二卷筒 57之间可以通过离合器 56连接起来同速旋 转,或者通过离合器 56将第一卷筒 55和第二卷筒 57脱幵,当第一逃生仓 20下降时, 第一卷筒 55旋转而第二卷筒 57不跟随旋转。 离合器 56与调 · 控台 30上的离合器调节推杆 32连接,通过推动调节推杆 32来建立或者断 开第一卷筒 55和第二卷筒 57之间的连接。
当第一卷筒 55与第二卷筒 57之间通过离合器 56连接起来同速旋转 时, 由于第二承重绳 83 '在第二卷筒 57上的绕向与第一承重绳 83在第二 卷筒 57上的绕向相反,因此,第二逃生仓 22与第一逃生仓 22的运动方向 相反: 当载满逃生人员的第一逃生仓 20往下降时, 在重力的作用下,第二 逃生仓 22同时被往上拖, 当第一逃生仓 20降到地面时, 第二逃生仓 22 同时被拖回原楼层。 反之, 当第二逃生仓 22降到地面时, 第一逃生仓 20 同时也被拖回原楼层。 如此循环往复交替进行, 在不需要电源的情况下可 满足密集人群快速自救逃生的需要。
请参考图 5和图 8, 第一卷筒 55、第二卷筒 57、 电机 51、用于制动电 机 51转子的抱刹 58以及变速机构 52设置在支撑架 10上的调控台 30后方。 变速机构 52的动力输出传动电机 51。 第一卷筒 55与变速机构 52之间通 过传动带 53传动。由于第一逃生仓 20和第二逃生仓 22的承重绳 ( 83、83 ' ) 对应缠绕在第一卷筒 55和第二卷筒 57上,当第一逃生仓 20或第二逃生仓 22下降时, 第一卷筒 55或第二卷筒 57在人体重力的作用下旋转, 经传动 带 53传动变速机构 52,经变速机构 52增速后驱动电机 51转动产生电能。
请参考图 6, 电机 51转动后产生的电能经整流器 72整流以后由能量 接收装置 71接收。 能量接收装置 71可采用功耗电阻、 超级电容等。 在本 实施方式中, 能量接收装置优选可调电阻器 71, 通过可调电阻器 71将接 收的电能转换成热能耗散掉。 当采用超级电容时, 通过超级电容将接收的 电能储存起来。
本领域的普通技术人员能够理解, 装载逃生人员的逃生仓从高位下降 的过程,实质上是能量释放的过程(势能转换成动能), 当逃生仓下降时释 放能量的速率与电机和可调电阻器转换成热能耗散的能量的速率相等时, 逃生仓下降的速度不会增加。 进一步地, 本领域的普通技术人员同样能够 理解, 在其它条件不变的情况下, 电阻越小, 耗热越大, 大量的动能能够 及时地通过电阻释放, 逃生仓最后的下降速度会越小(动能小)。反之, 电 阻越大, 耗热越小, 大量的动能不能够通过电阻释放, 逃生仓下降的速度 会越大(动能大)。 当电阻处于断开状态时, 由于不能够通过电阻释放, 逃 生仓的全部逃生仓处于自由落体状态。 因此, 完全可以根据不同的载重量 和不同的下降速度需要,通过调节可调电阻器 71的阻值控制逃生仓的下降 速度
可调电阻器 71的调节通过设置在调控台 30上的调速旋钮 33来实现, 通过旋转调控台 30上的调速旋钮 33可改变可调电阻器 71的阻值,从而达 到控制第一、 第二逃生仓 20、 22下降速度的目的。
请再参阅图 3,在支撑架 10与地面之间设置有第一导向装置和第二导 向装置, 为第一逃生仓 20和第二逃生仓 22建立往复运动的轨道。 导向装 置可以是钢轨或钢丝绳等, 在本实施例中, 优选钢丝绳制作, 即第一导向 装置是导向钢丝绳 68, 第二导向装置是导向钢丝绳 68'。 第一调节装置包 括第一紧绳双轮 61和用于转动第一紧绳双轮 61的第一转盘 31,第二调节 装置包括第二紧绳双轮 62和用于转动第二紧绳双轮 62的第二转盘 35。在 第一逃生仓 20的两个对称侧面上固定一对第一导向定滑轮 63, 在第二逃 生仓 22的两个对称侧面上固定有一对第二导向定滑轮 63 '。第一导向绳 68 依次穿过第一逃生仓 20的一侧面上的第一导向定滑轮 63、 .固定在第一挂 接件 64上的一对定滑轮 67、第一逃生仓 20另一侧面上的第一导向定滑轮 (未画)后, 第一导向绳 68的两端固定在第一紧绳双轮 61上, 第一连接 件 64与地面预埋的固定钩 66紧固连接。第二导向绳 68'依次穿过第一逃 生仓 22的一侧面上的第二导向定滑轮 63'、固定在第二挂接件 64'上的一 对定滑轮 67'、 第二逃生仓 22另一侧面上的第二导向定滑轮 (未画) 后, 第二导向绳 68' 的两端固定在第二紧绳双轮 62上, 第二连接件 64' 与地 面预埋的固定钩 66'紧固连接。通过转动调控台 30上的第一转盘 31即可 调节第一导向绳 68的张紧力,通过转动调控台 30上的第二转盘 35即可调 节第二导向绳 68'的张紧力。通过在第一连接件 64的两端设置定滑轮 67 , 使第一挂接件 64两侧的第一导向绳 68的张紧力随时保持一致。 通过在第 二连接件 64' 的两端设置定滑轮 67' , 使第二挂接件 64' 两侧的第二导 向绳 68' 的张紧力随时保持一致。
使用导向装置时, 将穿设有导向绳 (68、 68') 的连接件 (64、 64') 抛下或通过射绳枪 65射下, 并固定在地面预埋钩 (66、 66') 上, 控制住 第一、 第二逃生仓(20、 22)沿导向绳(68、 68')下降或上升, 可阻止第 一、 第二逃生仓 (20、 22)在空中旋转、 摇摆和随风漂移, 从而解决了下 粗上细高楼无法一次下降到地面逃生的难题。 导向装置的安装具体步骤入 下:利用射绳枪(65、 65')射到地面的软绳将与之相连的导向绳(68、 68') 和连接件 (64、 64')拉至地面不锈钢预埋固定钩(66、 66') 处挂好。 通 过第一转盘 31旋转固定在支撑架 10上的第一紧绳双轮 61,可绷紧导向绳 68。通过第二转盘 35旋转固定在支撑架 10上的第二紧绳双轮 62, 可绷紧 导向绳 68'。 第一、 第二紧绳双轮(61、 62)和第一、 第二转盘(31、 35) 之间可通过人们熟悉的棘轮棘爪机构来完成对导向绳(68、 68')的张紧力 的调节, 棘轮棘爪机构由第一、 第二转盘 (31、 35)手动调节。 当灾难发生时, 推动支撑架 10至定位卡 14处固定, 使用射绳枪 65 将软绳射到地面, 然后地面人员将与之相连的导向绳(68、 68 ' )和连接件 (64、 64 ' ) 拉至地面预埋固定钩 (66、 66 ' ) 处挂好。 通过第一转盘 31 和第二转盘 35旋转第一紧绳双轮 61和第二紧绳双轮 62绷紧导向绳 (68、 68 ' )。 打开第一逃生仓 20进满逃生人员, 关上仓门 24, 脱开抱刹 58, 第 一批逃生人员开始沿着导向绳 68下降逃生。当第一逃生仓 20沿着导轨 68 倾斜的滑落到地面后, 第二逃生仓 22已回位, 待逃生人员合上离合器 56, 然后打开第二逃生仓 22进满逃生人员, 关上仓门 24, 脱开抱刹 58, 第二 批逃生人员随着第二逃生仓 22开始沿着导轨 68 ' 倾斜下降。 当第二逃生 仓 22沿着导轨 68 ' 倾斜滑落到地面时, 第一逃生仓 20已沿着导向绳 68 倾斜地返回高楼原位, 第三批或以后 ί比次逃生人员继续照次方法操作下降 逃生, 直到所有待逃生人员逃完为止。 如果只剩 1〜2人逃生, 可通过调速 旋纽 33加大可调电阻器 71的阻值, 提高逃生仓的速度, 以便快速逃生。
尽管上面详细的描述了本发明的优选实施例, 但是应该明白, 对于本 领域技术人员来说很明显的、 这里讲述的基本发明构思的许多变形和修饰 都落在所附权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围之内。

Claims

1、 一种高楼群体自救逃生***, 其特征在于: 包括基座、 固定在基 座上的支撑架、 第一承重绳、 第一逃生仓、 第一卷筒、 变速机构、 电机和 功耗电阻, 所述第一承重绳的一端固定并缠绕在第一卷筒上, 所述支撑架 上固定有第一支撑轮, 所述第一承重绳的另一端穿过第一支撑轮后悬挂第 一逃生仓, 第一卷筒经传动机构传动变速机构, 变速机构的输出传动所述 电机, 所述电机的感应电势输出接能量接收装置。 ,
2、 根据权利要求 1所述权的高楼群体自救逃生***, 其特征在于: 所 述能量接收装置是可调节的功耗电阻。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的高楼群体自救逃生***, 其特征在于: 所 述基座固定在建筑物上, 所述支撑架内固定所述第一卷筒、 变速机构和电 书
机, 所述支撑架滚动支撑在所述基座上, 使得支撑架上悬挂的第一逃生仓 能够伸出建筑物的墙体外。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的高楼群体自救逃生***, 其特征在于: 所 述支撑架与地面之间设置有第一导向装置, 所述第一逃生仓沿着第一导向 装置运动。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的高楼群体自救逃生***, 其特征在于: 还 包括第二卷筒、 第二承重绳和第二逃生仓, 所述第二承重绳的一端固定并 缠绕在第二卷筒上, 所述支撑架上固定有第二支撑轮, 所述第二承重绳的 另一端穿过第二支撑轮后悬挂第二逃生仓, 所述第二卷筒经传动机构传动 变速机构。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的高楼群体自救逃生***, 其特征在于: 所 述基座固定在建筑物上, 所述支撑架内固定所述第一卷筒、 第二卷筒、 变 速机构和电机, 所述支撑架滚动支撑在所述基座上, 使得支撑架上悬挂的 第一逃生仓和悬挂第一逃生仓能够伸出建筑物的墙体外。
7、 根据权利要; ^ 5所述的高楼群体自救逃生***, 其特征在于: 所 述第二卷筒与第一卷筒之间设置离合器。
8、 根据权利要求 5所述的高楼群体自救逃生***, 其特征在于: 所 述第一承重绳在第一卷筒上的绕向与第二承重绳在第二卷筒上的绕向相 反。 '
9、 根据权利要求 5所述的高楼群体自救逃生***, 其特征在于: 所 述能量接收装置是可调节的功耗电阻。
10、 根据权利要求 5所述的高楼群体自救逃生***, 其特征在于: 所 述支撑架与地面之间设置有第一导向装置和第二导向装置, 所述第一逃生 仓沿着第一导向装置运动, 所述第二逃生仓沿着第二导向装置运动。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的高楼群体自救逃生***, 其特征在于: 所述第一导向装置是第一导向绳, 所述第二导向装置是第二导向绳, 所述 第一逃生仓上固定有第一导向定滑轮, 所述第二逃生仓上固定有第二导向 定滑轮, 所述第一导向绳穿过第一导向定滑轮, f述第二导向绳穿过第二 导向定滑轮, 在支撑架上对应设置有用于调节固定在支撑架与地面之间导 向绳的紧固力的第一调节装置和第二调节装置。
12、 根据权利要求 11 所述的高楼群体自救逃生***, 其特征在于: 每一调节装置包括装设在支撑架上的用于固定并卷绕导向绳的转轮, 及用 于转动所述转轮的转盘。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的高楼群体自救逃生***, 其特征在于- 所述第一导向定滑轮和第二导向定滑轮成对设置, 并以一定间隔固定在对 应的第一逃生仓和第二逃生仓侧面上, 第一导向绳依次穿过一个第一导向 定滑轮、 固定在第一挂接件上的定滑轮、 另一个第一导向定滑轮后, 第一 导向绳的两端固定在所述第一调节装置的转轮上, 所述第一连接件与地面 预埋的第一固定钩紧固连接, 第二导向绳依次穿过一个第二导向定滑轮、 固定在第二挂接件上的定滑轮、 另一个第二导向定滑轮后, 第二导向绳的 两端固定在所述第二调节装置的转轮上, 所述第 l连接件与地面预埋的第 二固定钩紧固连接。
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