WO2008100012A1 - Procédé de récupération de ressources à partir de déchets et système de récupération de ressources associé - Google Patents

Procédé de récupération de ressources à partir de déchets et système de récupération de ressources associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008100012A1
WO2008100012A1 PCT/KR2007/006766 KR2007006766W WO2008100012A1 WO 2008100012 A1 WO2008100012 A1 WO 2008100012A1 KR 2007006766 W KR2007006766 W KR 2007006766W WO 2008100012 A1 WO2008100012 A1 WO 2008100012A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
ash
waste
carbon
resource
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2007/006766
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Suk-Mok Song
Hi-Saeng Kang
Original Assignee
Changkwang Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from KR20070055314A external-priority patent/KR100881757B1/ko
Application filed by Changkwang Co., Ltd. filed Critical Changkwang Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2008100012A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008100012A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
    • C10K1/003—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants, e.g. acid gas removal
    • C10K1/004—Sulfur containing contaminants, e.g. hydrogen sulfide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
    • C10K3/003—Reducing the tar content
    • C10K3/006—Reducing the tar content by steam reforming
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1606—Combustion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
    • C10J2300/1628—Ash post-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
    • C10J2300/1628—Ash post-treatment
    • C10J2300/1634—Ash vitrification
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1678—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with air separation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1687—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with steam generation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/169—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with water treatments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for recovering resource from waste, and a resource recover system therefor, and more particularly, to a method for recovering resource from waste by performing an integrated process in an optimum operating conditions, and a resource recovery system therefor.
  • waste materials such as municipal waste, industrial waste, medical waste, and commercial waste are generated in a daily life. If the waste is not properly processed, environmental disruption is caused and resource is wasted. Accordingly, it is important to processing the waste thus to protect the environment and to recover resource from the waste.
  • the waste undergoes a process of thermal decomposition-incineration by using air, heat recovery -harmful pollutants reduction, and the generated combustion gas is vented, and the remaining ash is recycled into harmless melted aggregate.
  • the waste undergoes a process of thermal decomposition-reforming by using oxygen, heat recovery-harmful pollutants reduction, generated Fuel Gas by thermal-decomposition is recycled into useful Raw Gas for multipurpose utilization, and remaining ash is recycled into harmless melted aggregate. That is, both combustible organic materials and ash are recycled.
  • Ash undergoes a melting bottom of vertical and recovering process into decomposer and resource by using combustion the melts are heat of fuel-oxygen burner. continuously discharging.
  • a melting furnace volume shall be larger flat type for make uniform the quality of melt.
  • Korean Registered Patent No. 0466408 (An apparatus and method for totally recycling various kind of waste into harmless resources) [19] 2.
  • Korean Registered Patent No. 0515917 (A melting apparatus for totally recycling each kind of Ash from waste into harmless inorganic resource) [20] 3.
  • Korean Registered Patent No. 0606395 (A pre-processing apparatus and method for recovering resource from Bottom ash & Fly ash by a melting process) [21] 4.
  • Japanese Registered Patent No. 3921198 A melting apparatus for totally recycling various kind of Ash from waste into harmless inorganic resource
  • the Korean government has been issued certificates as a new technique as follows;
  • the present invention is to provide a method for recovering resource from waste and a resource recovery system therefor capable of efficiently recovering resource from waste by optimized operating conditions of a thermal decomposer and a reformer (operating temperature, reacting time, steam injecting amount, etc.), in which each operating characteristic is implemented and an operation cost is reduced in a process for recycling combustible organic materials included in waste into fuel gas, and an amount of harmful materials such as dioxin and heavy metal that remain in a finally exhausted material are able to decrease extremely.
  • a thermal decomposer and a reformer operating temperature, reacting time, steam injecting amount, etc.
  • the present invention is to provide a method for recovering resource from waste, comprising: a first step for decomposing waste into ash and reformed gas by performing partial oxidation, a thermal decomposition, and a reforming process with using only oxygen; a second step for pre-processing the ash obtained in the first step; a third step for recycling the ash pre-processed in the second step into resource by a melting process; a fourth step for recovering a sensible heat of the reformed gas obtained in the first step, and separating co-generated carbon from the reformed gas by a dust collecting process thereby recycling the carbon into active carbon & recover heavy metal and a fifth step for purifying the reformed gas having undergone a dust removing process in the fourth step into clean fuel gas by means of acid gas neut- ralization-desulfurization-high grade adsorption process.
  • the method may further comprise a sixth step for producing at least one or more of power, steam, oxygen, and petrol chemical products by using the clean fuel gas generated in the fifth
  • the first step may include obtaining ash and thermally-decomposed gas by partial oxidation in a Thermal Decomposer; and obtaining reformed gas by reforming the thermally-decomposed gas in a Reformer so as to perform an additional thermal decomposition at elevated temperature.
  • a metallic material is separated from the ash for recover as resource, and remained ash crushed to powder, and flux is added for lowering melting temperature if necessary.
  • the third step may include completely combusting a remaining unburned component and roasting by oxygen-fuel burner, at an other rotary kiln type Roasting Furnace, and the roasted ash are fed to a Melting Furnace where all of the ash are melted and discharged to Water Quenching Bath, thereby making into aggregate.
  • the fourth step may include recovering sensible heat from the reformed gas at Waste
  • the fifth step may include cooling, neutralizing-washing the reformed gas having been dust (carbon) removed in the fourth step; boosting gas pressure the neutralized and washed carbon-removed gas; and desulfurizing the boosted carbon-removed, neutralizing, and washing gas in a Desulfurizing Tower having a catalyst therein; and producing clean fuel gas and waste water which formed during this processing due to condensing of excess water vapor in the gas and absorbing of any impurities remained in the gas ; and the waste water shall be further treated together with waste water comes from the Active Carbon Producing Unit, at the Waste Water Treatment Unit for recover heavy metal, complex salt and industrial water.
  • the temperature of gas is firstly cooled down to 60°C ⁇ 80°C by injecting spray water at Quench Tower, and 2ndly cooled down to 4O 0 C by circulating alkaline washing water which circulating from Neutralizing- Washing Tower bottom to top thru the circulation pump, filter & cooler under counter current contact to the gas, and mean while the gas is cleaned & cooled.
  • Oxygen produced in the sixth step shall be used as oxidant for partial oxidation of waste & thermal decomposed fuel gas so as to supply a heat amount necessary at the first and third steps.
  • the present invention is also to provide a resource recovery system, comprising: a
  • Thermal Decomposer for thermally decomposing fed waste into ash and thermally- decomposed gas; a Reformer connected to the Thermal Decomposer, for reforming the thermally-decomposed gas produced from the Thermal Decomposer; a Waste Heat Recovery Boiler connected to the Reformer, for recovering a sensible heat of the reformed gas and generating steam; a Temperature Control Apparatus connected to the Waste Heat Recovery Boiler, for lowering a temperature of the reformed gas; a Dust Collector connected to the Temperature Control Apparatus, for removing dust (carbon & fly ash) from the reformed gas thus collecting, and exhausting the carbon-removed reformed gas; an Active Carbon Producing Unit connected to the Dust Collector, composed of a heat treatment apparatus, a condenser & separators, for producing active carbon & separate heavy metal and waste water; a Quenching-Neut- ralizing-Washing Tower connected to the Dust Collector, for quenching , neutralizing and washing the carbon-remov
  • the resource recovery system using clean fuel gas stored in the Reservoir, may further comprise at least one of; a Gas Engine Power Generating Unit; a Gas Boiler for producing steam; and an Oxygen Generating Apparatus for producing oxygen by using the generated electricity, and applicable as feed stock for producing so many kind of petro-chemical product whenever necessary.
  • the present invention has the following effects.
  • the heavy metal having a high boiling point is mostly contained in the vitrified melted slag which is not dissolved at the natural atmospheric conditions, thus not to cause pollution.
  • the heavy metal having a low boiling point is mostly sublimated to gas phase and recovered as concentrated small amount at the Active Carbon Producing Unit and Waste Water Treatment Unit, and it is easily recycled or discarded.
  • each unit process for totally recovering resource from waste, and processes for producing secondary and third products such as power, steam, oxygen, and active carbon are implemented as one integrated process, thereby enhancing an energy efficiency by the process.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a method for recovering resource from waste according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view specifically showing each step of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a process for recovering heavy metal from carbon and producing active carbon
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a process for recovering heavy metal and complex salt from waste water, and producing usable industrial water;
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a power generating process by a single gas engine or a combined cycle (gas turbine + steam turbine) system;
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an oxygen producing process.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a method for recovering resource from waste according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view specifically showing each step of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a process for recovering heavy metal from carbon and producing active carbon
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a process for recovering heavy metal, complex salt, and producing usable water, from waste water.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a power generating process by a Gas Engine or a combined cycle (gas turbine-steam turbine)
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an oxygen producing apparatus.
  • the method for recovering resource from waste comprises a first step for decomposing waste into reformed gas and ash by a thermal decomposition process and a reforming process (SlO); second and third steps for processing the ash generated in the first step SlO (S20 and S30); and fourth and fifth steps for producing clean fuel gas by processing the reformed gas generated in the first step SlO (S40 and S50).
  • the method may further comprise a sixth step for producing secondary (electricity, steam) and third products (oxygen, petroleum chemical products) by using the primary product (clean fuel gas) produced in the fourth and fifth steps S40 and S50.
  • the first step SlO fed waste is partially combusted, thermally decomposed, and reformed.
  • the first step SlO is performed at the Thermal Decomposer and the Reformer.
  • waste undergoes a preprocessing such as separating useful material, crushing for large size materials, mixing for quality equalizing, and deodorizing process.
  • the waste having been pre-processed is fed into the Thermal Decomposer by a certain amount with a constant rate.
  • the Thermal Decomposer is a horizontal rotary type furnace, and an Oxygen Burner (not shown) for supplying oxygen to the Thermal Decomposer is installed at an opposite side of the Thermal Decomposer.
  • Oxygen injected at the first step SlO for partial oxidation may be supplied from the sixth step S60 that will be later explained.
  • a fogging water supplying device (not shown) is connected to the Thermal Decomposer for control prevent over heating.
  • the waste having been supplied to the Thermal Decomposer sequentially undergoes a drying-evaporation-thermal decomposition-combustion pattern, thereby being decomposed into ash and thermally-decomposed gas. That is, moisture and combustible organic materials included in the waste are completely gasified thus to be partially combusted and thermally decomposed. Then, the moisture and combustible organic materials included in the waste become gas having 300°C ⁇ 600°C, and incombustible inorganic materials become ash having 600°C ⁇ 800°C.
  • the thermally-decomposed gas is exhausted to the Reformer, an 'S '-shaped vertical fixed furnace.
  • the thermally-decomposed gas having been inputted to the Reformer is thermally decomposed at elevated temperature of 95O 0 C- 1050 0 C by additionally supplied oxygen, thereby becoming reformed gas.
  • the ash is dropped into a vertical cooling device (not shown) connected to another end of the Thermal Decomposer, the ash is cooled to have a temperature of 6O 0 C or less than by the fogging water supplying device (not shown). Then, the ash is supplied to the Ash Pre-treatment Unit of the second step S20 that will be later explained.
  • an injection amount of oxygen is controlled so that the temperature of thermally-decomposed gas exhausted from the Thermal Decomposer can be maintained in a range of 300°C ⁇ 600°C.
  • fogging water is injected into the Thermal Decomposer so that a highest combustion temperature in the Thermal Decomposer can be controlled not to exceed approximately 1100 0 C.
  • An injection amount of waste is also controlled so that an amount of unburned components included in the exhausted ash is 5% or less than.
  • the thermally-decomposed gas is exhausted under a condition that an amount of oxygen, fogging water, and unburned components are controlled, in the atmosphere which corresponds to a reduction condition having lack of oxygen.
  • the thermally-decomposed gas contains a large amount of sooty carbon and heavy hydrocarbon due to an incomplete thermal decomposition degree, and harmful components contained in the waste such as chlorine, sulfur, and nitrogen are converted into HCl, H 2 S, and NH 3 .
  • heavy metal vapor having a low boiling point is contained in the gas phase by sublimation, also some of heavy metal having a high boiling point & ash are contained as fine particles by flying thereof are mixed together with decomposed gas phase. That is, heavy metal having a low boiling point is sublimated thereby to become gas, whereas heavy metal having a high boiling point is not sublimated (evaporated) thereby part of it to fly as a particulate & most of it remain in the ash. Most of the heavy metal having a high boiling point shall be contained in the final product of aggregate as non soluble state in the natural atmospheric conditions, thereby pollution problems shall be negligible. In the reduction atmosphere, since a dioxin-based very toxic materials are known as inhibition effect for formation, so that the final content in the disposals will be negligible.
  • the thermally-decomposed gas entering to the Reformer is tempered to in a range of 95O 0 C- 1050 0 C at outlet temperature, in accordance with additional oxygen feeding which produce combustion heat by partial oxidation of the decomposed gas, and the amount of oxygen is automatically controlled.
  • a certain amount of steam is injected into the Reformer.
  • the amount of steam injection is 1-1.5 times of a stoichiometric amount necessary to a reforming reaction.
  • an injection amount of waste is controlled so that a reaction time required in the reforming reaction can be in a range of 4-6 seconds.
  • the first step SlO most of combustibles in the waste are decomposed into mono molecule gas such as H 2 , CO, CO 2 , and H 2 O, but certain amount of sooty carbon and heavy hydrocarbons such as methane ethane, propane etc., are not completely decomposed yet at the Thermal Decomposer, and additional higher grade of decomposition and equilibrium reactions are performed as mentioned above at the Reformer, and the reformed gas passes through the Waste Heat Recovery Boiler, Temperature Control Apparatus & Dust Collector sequentially in the fourth step S40 that will be later explained.
  • mono molecule gas such as H 2 , CO, CO 2 , and H 2 O
  • sooty carbon and heavy hydrocarbons such as methane ethane, propane etc.
  • the second step S20 is an Ash Pre-treatment Unit which consist of separating device of useful metal from bulky ash by magnetic and eddy current devices, crushing device of coarse clinkers by hammer or roller crushers up-to certain fine particles, feeding device of flux which effect to lowering melting temperature and vitrification at the Melting Furnace such as waste glass chip, sand, calcium oxide etc., and ashes which collected from the bottom of Reformer, Waste Heat Recovery Boiler and Temperature Control Apparatus, if necessary, .mixing device for equalizing the quality of multi components and final Ash Storing Vessel for short time storage.
  • Ash Pre-treatment Unit consist of separating device of useful metal from bulky ash by magnetic and eddy current devices, crushing device of coarse clinkers by hammer or roller crushers up-to certain fine particles, feeding device of flux which effect to lowering melting temperature and vitrification at the Melting Furnace such as waste glass chip, sand, calcium oxide etc., and ashes which collected from the bottom of Reformer, Waste Heat Recovery Boiler
  • This system are to make better efficient operation at the subsequent process such as, easy to complete combustion of remained unburned combustibles at the Roasting Furnace, easy for melting at the Melting Furnace and operational independent flexibility in between the gasification part (from Thermal Decomposer up-to produce clean fuel gas; S-10, S-40 & subsequent process in Fig 1 ) and ash melting part(.S-30 in Fig 1).
  • the ash from the Ash Pre-treatment Unit in the second step S20 is roasted, melted, quench-crushed and recycled into resource.
  • the system consists of Roasting Furnace (rotary type kiln), Melting Furnace & Water Quenching Bath.
  • the Roasting Furnace is connected to the Ash Storing Vessel in the ash pre-treatment of the second step S20, the Melting Furnace is connected to the Roasting Furnace, and the Water Quenching Bath is connected to the Melting Furnace.
  • the ash in the Ash Storing Vessel in the second step S20 is continuously fed to the Roasting Furnace, where the ash is heated and oxidized completely any of remained combustibles by count current contact with the oxygen rich hot fluid formed from oxygen-fuel gas burner which installed opposite side of the Roasting Furnace, Then the roasted ash automatically falls down to the Melting Furnace at the temperature level 1000 0 C and the flue gas exhausted to the Thermal Decomposer or Reformer at the temperature level 1200 0 C.
  • the outside horizontal space of the crucible bottom wall is also heated by another few of electrical heating element (so called SiC heater) in a range of 1300-1500 0 C for keep constant well fluidity of the melt, so that the molten melt are flow very smoothly without any interruptions by bad fluidity or solidification during the ash melting processing.
  • SiC heater electrical heating element
  • the melting time is required 2 to 4 hours depending on the ash properties.
  • the molten melt discharge from overflow weir fall down directly into the water in the Quench Water Bath through the vertical space, and crushed automatically due to thermal shock by rapid quenching, and the cooled & crushed slag is continuously discharge to outside and utilized as resource of civil works or inorganic raw materials.
  • the temperature of water in the Quench Water Bath is automatically controlled by circulating cooling water.
  • a melting apparatus for totally recycling various kind of waste into harmless resources having the Korean Registered Patent No. 0515917 is preferably used.
  • the present invention is not limited to the melting apparatus.
  • the method for recovering resource from waste and the resource recovery system thereof according to the present invention may have an enhanced performance by adding an ash pre-treatment process by the Ash Pre- treatment Unit to the melting apparatus having the Korean Registered Patent No. 0515917, in which the melting heat load at the Melting Furnace is reduced, the melting temperature is lowered, and a melting time is also reduced.
  • the process for recycling reformed gas according to the present invention further comprises a fourth step S40 and a fifth step S50, and may further comprise a sixth step S60, if necessary.
  • step S40 in Fig 1 are provided the Waste Heat Boiler where the sensible heat of the reformed gas recovered, the Temperature Control Apparatus where the gas temperature regulated to be suitable for next processing, the Dust Collector where all of the solid particles contained in gas including sooty carbon and fly ashes are separated from gas stream and transferred to the Active Carbon Producing Unit.
  • the dust collected are further treated for produce active carbon, recover heavy metals and decompose dioxin as shown Fig 3, where the dust firstly heated to around 900 0 C for activating the carbon, evaporating heavy metal and decomposing dioxin respectively, and the vapor evaporated is condensed by cooling for recover heavy metal, and any non-condensible gas is sent to the Thermal decomposer or Reformer, and the condensate after recover heavy metals are sent to Waste Water Treatment Unit, meanwhile the activated carbon is also produced as resources. Then, the clean gas dust removed is sent to next further purifying process.
  • the gas carbon-removed from the Dust Collector is purified into clean fuel gas and is recycled into resource.
  • the fifth step S50 consists of Quench Tower where the gas cooled down by spray water, Neutralizing - Washing Tower where the acidic gas contained in gas are neutralized and cooled to ambient temperature by week alkaline solution, Boosting Blower which for inducing the gas from upstream to downstream and pressurize the gas, Desulfurizer where the Hydrogen sulfide removed by catalytic reaction, and Waste Water Treatment Unit where the waste water treated to harmless water, and the purified clean fuel gas is stored tentatively for utilize as resources of energy and so many kind of mass production. .
  • the dust removed gas is cooled firstly to 60-80 0 C at Quench Tower by evaporation latent heat & sensible heat of spray & fogging water, and the pre- cooled gas is introduce to Neutralizing-Washing Tower.
  • the most of acidic gas are neutralized to the complex salt by washing with circulating NaOH alkaline solution, through the circulation pump, filter, cooler & pall ring packed tower.
  • the circulation pump, filter, cooler & pall ring packed tower Simultaneously most of the excess water vapor in the gas phase is condensed and some of remained heavy metal vapor and dust also absorbed to the circulating solution.
  • the excess water formed by condensing is sent to Waste Water Treatment Unit, and the gas purified and cooled to 4O 0 C is sent to Boosting Blower, and the heat formed by condensing & cooling are continuously removed at cooler by another circulating cooling water system.
  • the gas exhausted from the Neutralizing-Washing Tower is boosted by Blower for inducing the gas stream form upstream and sent to downstream and the gas is fed to Desulfurizer.
  • the gas is treated for removing hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) by catalytic reaction with iron oxide catalyst, which packed in the tower, and the clean fuel gas is stored in a Storage Tank tentatively for utilize as resources of various energy & mass productions.
  • the clean fuel gas may be further treated by appropriate higher grade purification system depending on the purpose and requirements (not shown in Fig).
  • the de-activated waste catalyst is periodically replaced with new one or re-generated by the manufacturer or used as for improving the soil conditioner, so that the catalyst consumption cost and final amount of bury can be minimized.
  • Active Carbon Producing Unit are treated for recover heavy metal, complex salt and usable water by means of the system which consists of Waste Water Holding Tank, Reaction Tank, Sedimentation Unit where the heavy metal is recovered, Evaporation- Concentration Unit, Dryer Unit where the complex salt is recovered as dry flake, and Condensing Unit where usable water produced and the non-condensible gas is sent to the Thermal Decomposer or to the Reformer.
  • the system which consists of Waste Water Holding Tank, Reaction Tank, Sedimentation Unit where the heavy metal is recovered, Evaporation- Concentration Unit, Dryer Unit where the complex salt is recovered as dry flake, and Condensing Unit where usable water produced and the non-condensible gas is sent to the Thermal Decomposer or to the Reformer.
  • Sedimentation Tank The turbid water fed to Sedimentation Unit where the concentrated sediments including most of heavy metals as metal hydroxide form are recovered from bottom, and the light water from the top is fed to Evaporation-Concentration Unit where the most of the water is vaporized and the solute (Complex salt) are concentrated.
  • the concentrated solute mostly consists of complex salt, is dried at Dryer Unit and recovered as Dry Complex Salt (mostly NaCl).
  • the water vapor is condensed at Condensing Unit where the usable industrial water is recovered and the non-condensible gas discharged to Thermal Decomposer (SlO) for decompose any possible pollutants contained.
  • SlO Thermal Decomposer
  • non-combustibles (ash) included in waste are recycled into metal & aggregate by thru the pre-separation & melting, and combustibles are recycled into clean fuel gas by thru the thermal decomposition, reforming, & few step of purification.
  • the secondary product shall be selected at least one or more within the category of steam or hot water generation by gas boiler, electric power generation by gas engine or combined cycle (gas turbine + steam turbine) power generator, specific chemical product such as Hydrogen, Ammonia, Methanol, Dimethyl Ether, Ammonia, Urea Fertilizer and Ethanol etc. by corresponding each chemical processing system according to given conditions and circumstances.
  • the third product shall be oxygen fist due to self usage and any suitable products from secondary products.
  • processing systems for producing secondary and third product may be applicable to the conventional technology and devices.
  • the typical processing system for producing electrical power and oxygen are shown in the Figs 5 and 6.
  • the electrical power is producing with gas engine or combined cycle power generating unit by utilizing the primary product of clean fuel gas in which the heating value of fuel gas should be considered adequately.
  • the generated electrical power is utilized firstly for the own process as moving power, heating and for oxygen producing system, and the surplus shall be sent to outside for 100% utilization.
  • the electrical power generation system in which the power generation thermal efficiency by gas engine is around 25-32%, and by combined cycle is around 40-48% is known normally.
  • the oxygen rich gas is produced with VPSA Unit (Vacuum pressure swing absorbent) which well-known existing technology by utilizing the secondary product of electrical power and air.
  • VPSA Unit Vacuum pressure swing absorbent
  • This system consists of Air Blower for feeding air, Two Columns (molecular sieve packed) for separating oxygen from air, Vacuum Pump for desorbing nitrogen and venting from the absorbent in the column and Compressor for sending out the produced oxygen.
  • the purity of produced oxygen is around 92-93% is known normally.
  • the present invention may implement an integrated process comprising with the main process for producing clean fuel gas as primary product, an active carbon producing process for producing active carbon by using collected carbon, a waste water treating process for processing waste water produced from each process, an oxygen producing process for producing oxygen, and any of other process for producing a third product.
  • an integrated process comprising with the main process for producing clean fuel gas as primary product, an active carbon producing process for producing active carbon by using collected carbon, a waste water treating process for processing waste water produced from each process, an oxygen producing process for producing oxygen, and any of other process for producing a third product.
  • the heat required for thermal decomposition and reforming for producing fuel gas from waste are supplied by partial combustion heat of the waste with oxygen, in other word, part of the waste is utilized as source of heat supply and a part of remained waste is utilized as source of feed stock for producing fuel gas, by direct contacting the hot combustion fluid to the wastes for thermal decomposing in the Thermal Decomposer Furnace, therefore this mechanism may be achievable the highest thermal efficiency & cheaper operating cost compared to indirect heating and using outside heat sources.
  • the outlet temperature of the Reformer maintained in between 95O 0 C- 1050 0 C by control the amount of oxygen feeding
  • the higher temperature directly influences on the higher oxygen consumption and reducing fuel gas production, and the lower temperature make opposite results to above, but too lower temperature may results to operational interruptions at subsequent processing due to heavy hydrocarbons, specially tar components.
  • the amount of steam feeding to the Reformer shall be maintained in between 1-1.5 times of stoichiometric amount. The higher steam feeding shall reduce the content of heavy hydrocarbons in discharge gas but increase operation cost, while the lower steam feeding shall increase the content of heavy hydrocarbons.
  • the retention time (reaction time) of the gas stream for passing thru the Reformer maintained in between 4-6 seconds by control feed rate of waste, for achieve all of above purposes.
  • the overall preferable control target is to maintain at the disappearing point of tar component and make sooty carbon content still remain in the discharge gas stream.
  • the sooty carbon remained in the gas stream functions very effectively for absorbing harmful dioxin and heavy metal until the gas stream passing thru the Dust collector, therefore the amount of harmful components remained in the final disposal shall be minimized.
  • Second is for give operational flexibility, in other word, operational independency in between the two categories of the processing system, one is the processing system from the Thermal Decomposer up-to final clean fuel gas product producing system, and another is from the Roasting Furnace up-to melted slag producing system thru the Melting Furnace.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de récupération de ressources à partir de déchets qui comprend : une première étape de décomposition de déchets en cendres et en gaz reformé par une combustion partielle, une décomposition thermique, et un processus de reformage uniquement à l'aide d'oxygène, une deuxième étape de traitement préalable des cendres obtenues à la première étape, une troisième étape de recyclage des cendres traitées préalablement à la seconde étape en une ressource par un processus de fusion, une quatrième étape de récupération de chaleur sensible du gaz reformé obtenu à la première étape et une séparation de charbon de suie à partir du gaz reformé par un processus de recueil de poussière permettant le recyclage du charbon de suie en charbon actif dans un autre processus, une cinquième étape de purification du gaz reformé ayant subi un processus de recueil de poussière dans la quatrième étape en un un gaz combustible propre par processus de neutralisation, de sulfuration et d'absorption et recyclage des eaux usées produites sous forme de sous-produits, et une sixième étape d'utilisation du gaz combustible propre obtenu à la cinquième étape. Par conséquent, la quantité de polluants contenus dans le déchet final présent dans l'atmosphère est minimisée et tous les déchets sont recyclés en ressources utiles. Par ailleurs, le coût de l'opération (les coûts cumulés) sont considérablement réduits.
PCT/KR2007/006766 2007-02-15 2007-12-21 Procédé de récupération de ressources à partir de déchets et système de récupération de ressources associé WO2008100012A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR20070015950 2007-02-15
KR10-2007-0015950 2007-02-15
KR10-2007-0055314 2007-06-07
KR20070055314A KR100881757B1 (ko) 2007-02-15 2007-06-07 각종 폐기물의 전량 무방출-자원화-활용을 위한 자원회수처리공정 및 그의 시스템

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012095288A1 (fr) * 2011-01-10 2012-07-19 Suncoal Industries Gmbh Procédé de production de gaz brut de combustion et de synthèse
CN112209528A (zh) * 2020-10-20 2021-01-12 广东佳德环保科技有限公司 一种脱硫废水与飞灰协同处理的方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR19990082914A (ko) * 1998-04-07 1999-11-25 니시무로 타이죠 폐기물의 처리 방법 및 폐기물 처리 장치
KR20000071895A (ko) * 1999-08-23 2000-12-05 윤명조 산소부화가스를 이용한 폐기물의 굴뚝없는 완전 자원화 처리공정
US6186081B1 (en) * 1996-08-27 2001-02-13 “HolderBank”Financiere Glarus AG Process and apparatus for treating waste and sewage sludge

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6186081B1 (en) * 1996-08-27 2001-02-13 “HolderBank”Financiere Glarus AG Process and apparatus for treating waste and sewage sludge
KR19990082914A (ko) * 1998-04-07 1999-11-25 니시무로 타이죠 폐기물의 처리 방법 및 폐기물 처리 장치
KR20000071895A (ko) * 1999-08-23 2000-12-05 윤명조 산소부화가스를 이용한 폐기물의 굴뚝없는 완전 자원화 처리공정

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012095288A1 (fr) * 2011-01-10 2012-07-19 Suncoal Industries Gmbh Procédé de production de gaz brut de combustion et de synthèse
CN112209528A (zh) * 2020-10-20 2021-01-12 广东佳德环保科技有限公司 一种脱硫废水与飞灰协同处理的方法

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