WO2008095254A1 - Procédé d'amélioration de la valeur alimentaire de déchets vinicoles pour les animaux - Google Patents

Procédé d'amélioration de la valeur alimentaire de déchets vinicoles pour les animaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008095254A1
WO2008095254A1 PCT/AU2008/000155 AU2008000155W WO2008095254A1 WO 2008095254 A1 WO2008095254 A1 WO 2008095254A1 AU 2008000155 W AU2008000155 W AU 2008000155W WO 2008095254 A1 WO2008095254 A1 WO 2008095254A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waste
animal
fodder
amount
reject
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2008/000155
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Simon Walpole Leake
Terence Patrick Corrigan
Original Assignee
Hartford Glen Pty Ltd
L & M Corporation Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2007900595A external-priority patent/AU2007900595A0/en
Application filed by Hartford Glen Pty Ltd, L & M Corporation Pty Ltd filed Critical Hartford Glen Pty Ltd
Publication of WO2008095254A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008095254A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12F—RECOVERY OF BY-PRODUCTS OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS; DENATURED ALCOHOL; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • C12F3/00—Recovery of by-products
    • C12F3/06—Recovery of by-products from beer and wine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to beneficiating or upgrading waste materials of various kinds to make nutritious animal fodder or to make one component of an animal fodder or feed having improved nutrition values.
  • a particularly relevant form of the waste that is upgraded by the methods of the present invention applies is winery waste, particularly the waste remaining from making wine and a particularly relevant form of the animal fodder or feed made from the winery waste is for use with ruminants, such as cattle to improve the diet, health, wellbeing or similar of the cattle, particularly beef producing cattle.
  • ruminants such as cattle to improve the diet, health, wellbeing or similar of the cattle, particularly beef producing cattle.
  • Waste materials come in many and varied forms, often as a result of manufa ⁇ turing processes and processes used in industry, including the food and beverage preparation industries.
  • One form of waste material produced in the beverage industry emanates from the wine industry, particularly from making wine.
  • the production of wine results in the formation of wastes of various kinds, including waste water, pressings from the juice extraction process used to extract juice from grapes during the wins processing, marc, pomace, filter materials, stems, leaves, roughage, tartrate extraction wastes and the like.
  • Pomace is a term used to refer to substances prepared by pressing or grinding various fruits, such as for, example in the manufacture of olive oil from olives, wine from grapes, cider from apples, juice from berries or the like.
  • Pomace essentially consists of the pulp of the fruit after oil, water or other juice has been pressed from the fruit and includes wastes such as the peel, seeds, stalks, skins, and the like.
  • the pressing of 100 kg of grapes will produce about 25 kg of pomace.
  • marc is a term used to refer to the pulping residue left after the juice has been pressed from grapes, apples, berries and other fruits.
  • pomace and marc can be used interchangeably to refer to the residue wine waste material or reject material remaining as a result of wine production including fermentation.
  • marc and pomace have been used or incorporated into a number of different products 'for a variety of different uses and purposes including their use in animal feed as a way of deriving further income from growing and/or processing grapes since the waste material could be used.
  • marc has been fed in the past to animals, particularly ruminants, as part of the feed lot, and especially during periods of drought or other feed shortages.
  • marc is considered to be of only poor to moderate quality it was not used, nor could it be used, as the sole ration of feed or fodder or as the sole source of nutrition for an animal.
  • the marc had to be mixed with other materials, such as mineral supplements or other fodder components to provide an animal feed having acceptable nutritional values to sustain the dietary requirements of the animals.
  • the quality and quantity of the marc that was previously available was extremely variable so that it was difficult to determine the nature and amount of a particular supplement of nutritional additives that needed to be added to the marc in order to produce a nutritionally acceptable fodder that could be fed to ruminants as the sole feed ration. Accordingly, this variability in quality has been responsible in the past for the reluctance to use marc and pomace as animal feed or fodder.
  • marc is deficient in certain amounts and ratios of elements necessary for the nutrition of animals, this deficiency occurs substantially in all samples of the marc regardless or irrespective of the geographical region from which the marc originates i.e. no matter where the grapes are grown, the marc derived from the same variety of grapes exhibits similar deficiencies of the same key components or elements.
  • the inventors have now been able to use this discovery as a basis upon which to upgrade the nutritional content of wine wastes and rejects.
  • the inventors by using the method and process of the present invention have been able to increase the value, including both, the nutritional value and the economic value, of reject material from the wine, fruit and vegetable processing industries significantly by enabling the amount of the deficiencies of selected key nutrients to be quantified and then supplemented by the addition of certain additives to the waste material to produce a nutritionally acceptable and/or balanced feed or fodder, or a nutritionally acceptable component for mixing with other components to make a well balanced and nutritious feed or fodder which has the required range of amounts of key or critical components or elements closer to the ideal amounts of such materials.
  • a method of treating or improving the quality of a waste material or a reject material in order to improve the nutritional value of the waste or reject material for use as a feed material comprising the steps of (i) providing the waste or reject material, (ii) conducting an analysis of the waste or reject material to determine at least some of the key characteristics, properties or qualities of the waste or reject material including the amounts of certain key or critical constituents, (iii) comparing the values obtained from the analysis of predetermined or preselected properties of the waste or reject material with at least some of the values of corresponding properties, that are key requirements of an animal and determining which of the key properties needs to be adjusted, and by what amount in order to improve the nutritional value of the waste or reject material including the amounts of the certain key or critical constituents, (iv) calculating the amount of additives to be added to achieve optimal requirements of at least some of the key or critical constituents, and (v) adding a calculated amount of selected additives to the waste material to bring at least some of the required properties up to the
  • a method of enhancing the health and/or well being of an animal including improving the nutrition of an animal comprising the steps of feeding to the animal optionally in need of improvement of the nutrition of the animal, a feed material made essentially from a waste or reject material in which the waste or reject material has undergone treatment for upgrading the waste or reject material to improve the nutritional value of the waste or reject material, said treatment comprising the steps of (i) providing the waste or reject material, (ii) conducting an analysis of the waste or reject material to determine at least some of the key characteristics, properties or qualities of the waste or reject material including the amounts of certain key or critical constituents, (iii) comparing the values obtained from the analysis of predetermined or preselected properties with at least some of the values of corresponding properties that are key requirements of an animal and determining which of the key properties needs to be adjusted, and by what amount in order to improve the nutritional value of the reject material including the amounts of the certain key or critical constituents, (iv) calculating the amount of additives
  • an animal fodder material or a supplement for adding to an animal fodder material for feeding to an animal to obtain and/or maintain health and/or wellbeing of Che animal comprising a waste or reject material having at least one key characteristic, property or quality in which at least one of the key characteristics, properties or qualities has been improved by adding a least one material to upgrade the value or amount of the key characteristic, property or qualities to an upgraded amount or value wherein the upgraded value or amount is determined in accordance with a comparison of the required amount or value of the key characteristic, property or qualities necessary to provide sufficient nutritional value or energy content for feeding the animal fodder as animal fodder supplement to the animal to improve and/or maintain the health and/or well being of the animal .
  • the waste material being upgraded by the process and method of the present invention is any waste material that can be improved nutritionally or made to have an increased nutritional content for animals.
  • the waste material is an industrial, agricultural or horticultural waste material, such as for example, the residue of a production, manufacturing, preparation or treatment process or the like.
  • the waste material is a vegetable or fruit waste material, such as for example, a waste material remaining from the food and beverage industries, including a wine waste or wine reject material, a beverage waste material, a beer waste material, a yeast waste material or the like.
  • the waste wine material is a waste water, pressings from the juice extraction process of making wine, marc, pomace, filtrate materials, stems, leaves, roughage or the like derived from fruit growing and/or processing, including grape growing and harvesting and/or wine production.
  • the present Invention could also be applicable to reject materials from a wide range of industries including fruit and vegetable processing, particularly fresh fruit and vegetable processing but is particularly preferred for upgrading marc and its equivalent materials and stems and their equivalent materials.
  • the marc or pomace useful for upgrading in accordance with the present invention is about 40% seeds and about 60% skin, juice and pulp.
  • two or more separate wastes can be combined to form the material which is upgraded by the present invention.
  • this separate waste includes stem and tendril waste. In a typical situation, of the grape harvest about 17%-20% ends up as marc and about 5% as stem and tendril. These two types of waste can be upgraded separately or can be combined together for upgrading.
  • the waste material and more typically the marc, is deficient in certain materials, typically deficient in critical amounts of certain materials that are regarded as key components necessary for the health and wall being of an animal, particularly a farmed animal responsible for producing food for humans.
  • the waste material when upgraded can be used as the sole animal feed ration or one component of an overall animal feed ration or as a major or significant part of the animal feed ration. More typically, the upgraded material can be added to other materials to produce the fodder or animal feed. Examples of the other materials include grains, hays, sugar, barley, forages, silages, lucernes, grasses and the like, including raw materials or processed materials, such as for example, barley that has been steamed or the like.
  • the upgraded wine reject and waste material preferably the upgraded marc
  • the upgraded wine reject and waste material can be used as a sole ration for animals, such as non-growing ruminants, or as the sole ration of a maintenance and/or drought ration for non- growing ruminants. More typically, for growing ruminants or for conditioning of ruminant animals at an acceptable commercial rate, the upgraded marc can form 65%-80% of the feed ration, a level not previously achieved.
  • the upgraded waste material made in accordance with the method or process of the present invention results in an animal feed ration that is of sufficient quality to permit weight gain and improve condition in animals.
  • the improved ration quality is suitable for use in herbivorous animals, such as for example, ruminants, horses, poultry, rodents, pigs, goats or the like.
  • the weight gain is from about 0.5 kg/head/day to about 10 kg/head/day, preferably from about 1.0 to 3.0 kg/head/day, more preferably from about 1.0 to 2.0 kg/head/day and most preferably about 1.4 to 1.5 kg/head/day.
  • the waste winery material or reject material includes waste waters, juices, stems, leaves, skins, stalks, reject fruit, filtrate, seeds or any other by- product or residue material remaining from wine production. More typically, the seeds are cracked prior to or during the upgrading.
  • one embodiment of the process of the present invention is a combination of the following steps:
  • the additives added to upgrade the waste or reject material can be derived from any suitable source, such as for example, any materials from any source, including commercially available chemicals, other waste materials, mixtures of materials, combinations thereof or the like.
  • suitable sources include sugar, barley, cottonweed, or the like.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is achieved by better management and handling of waste materials including marc, pomace, and other reject material including the chemicals and additives that are to be added to the waste material to ensure a reasonable expectation of achieving the target ratios of materials in the waste material.
  • the method or process of the present invention includes the additional step of preserving the upgraded waste material . More typically, a further step which enhances the nutritional value and economic value of the upgraded waste material is the preservation of the upgraded waste material such as for example, by ensilaging of the waste material and/or rapid drying of the waste material .
  • the seeds of the waste or reject material are treated, such as for example, by being comminuted, cracked, opened, shelled or the like.
  • the grape seeds are cracked prior to being upgraded.
  • the seeds are cracked to a size of up to about 3 or 4 mm, preferably in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm, more preferably from about 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm to open the skin, test, outer coverage, shell or the like of the seeds. More preferably, the seeds are cracked using a roller mill, such as for example, a knurled roller mill set at 1.5 to 2.5 mm gap to crack the seeds. Other mechanical devices can be used to crack the seeds, such as for example, hammer mills, ball mills, or the like.
  • cracking of the seed of the waste or reject material, particularly the grape seeds results in an improvement in growth rate of cattle, optionally, in combination with improvements of energy, protein and minerals, particularly in connection with the growth rate of beef cattle since the test of the seeds is disruptive making the oil, fat, protein or the like located inside the seed available.
  • the fodder In order for a fodder to be an acceptable feed for an animal, the fodder must contain certain selected amounts or amounts within specified limits of selected elements, groups of elements, compounds/ selected groups of compounds or the like. Some of the materials are key or critical materials that must or should be present in fodder in amounts which are within limits, such materials being substantially essential for the health and wellbeing of the animal, whereas the presence of other materials within the fodder are merely preferable or ideal and should be present, but it is not absolutely necessary that they be present.
  • the waste material must first be analysed to determine the amount of nutritional elements or compounds in the waste material in order to establish the value of the waste material so as to establish whether the waste material is suitable for upgrading to a fodder for use as an animal feed.
  • an animal feed should contain the following analytes: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, cobalt, selenium and iodine.
  • Such materials are referred to as the key elements of the waste or reject material, other compounds which need to be tested include protein, such as crude protein, acidic detergent fibre, ash or the like.
  • the following ingredients are deemed critical but depending inon regional characteristics/ for the amendment of marc in the manner described in accordance with the present invention.
  • Sodium chloride (common salt) magnesium sulphur, in some cases phosphorus, in some cases calcium and zinc, in some cases manganese, iodine and selenium.
  • Marc upgraded by the inclusion of these additives, can be used as a sole ration for maintenance and drought feed of non-growing animals.
  • Other materials which can be added as additives to upgrade the marc include sugar, urea, salt (NaCl) , monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, magnesium sulphate, zinc sulphate, manganese sulphate, and variously depending upon the region from where the grapes are grown, sodium molybdate, sodium selenate, limestone (dolomite), iodine and similar.
  • the following ingredients should variously be added as determined by the method developed in accordance with the present invention and illustrated in the tables accompanying the description of the examples.
  • a supplementary energy source such as sugar, molasses and organic acids. It is to be noted that if the value of any one of the elements or compounds is known by having been tested previously or otherwise established, it may not be necessary to conduct the test for that particular element or compound and accordingly, the test can be omitted since the information about the particular element or compound present in the sample is already known, having been obtained previously so that this value can be used in. subsequent calculations to determine the nature and amount of the additives.
  • the amounts of the corresponding* elements or compounds that are required by or must be present to satisfy the needs of the target animal are investigated so as to determine both the nature and amounts of the elements or compound's which must be added to the waste material to upgrade the waste material to form a nutritionally acceptable fodder which can be fed to the animals.
  • the corresponding elements or compounds are selected from such materials which are essential to the well being of the animal and/or from the materials which desirably should be fed to the animals.
  • Table 1 presents an example of a typical analysis of marc from the Mildura area of Australia in comparison to the amount of each selected element or compound that is required to be fed to a growing young steer of between 200 and 600 leg weight in order to provide the dietary requirements of the animal to maintain health and well being of the animal.
  • Table 2 presents a further example of the comparison of the analysis of certain elements and- compounds present in a marc sample obtained from the Mudgee area of NSW in Australia in comparison to the optimal requirements needed by the same type of steers of Table 1.
  • grape marc is usually deficient in certain elements which, in descending order are as follows: chlorine, sodium., magnesium, sulphur, zinc, molybdenum, selenium.
  • the deficient elements or properties can typically be obtained from a variety of sources such as for example, agricultural fertilizers, food industry additives, laboratory grade chemicals, other waste products from other industries, such as for example, molasses wastes or the like. A wide variety of sources are available for the individually deficient elements.
  • the determined amounts of deficient elements is added to the t ⁇ arc to beneficiate or upgrade the marc into a nutritionally acceptable feed portion for the target animal, typically a feed portion that can be added as a sole portion.
  • the nutrient, qualities of the additives added to the marc to upgrade the amount of deficient elements can be variable, particularly in the case of other waste materials, or the nutrient quality may be precisely known as in the case of purchased chemicals, food additives or commercially manufactured materials.
  • the amount of additive required to redress the deficiency its variability and type is taken into account when determining the precise amount of material to be added to upgrade the waste material.
  • 10 d is the density in kg dwb/m 3 and can be measured using simple equipment, and
  • P is the percentage of element in an additive . compound which can be determined from the 15 molecular weights or from tables in the published literature. One example is Table 15.3 from Handreck and Black (2000) given in. Appendix 1.
  • 25 zinc sulphate or zinc chloride could be used.
  • potassium chloride may be used.
  • Other elements can be added in other forms, including salt forms or the like.
  • one compound can redress two different deficiencies, such as for example, a calculated amount of potassium : chloride can make up the deficiencies of each of potassium and chloride. Thus, only the calculated amount of one compound need be added to rectify two separate deficiencies .
  • a mineral additive may be an anion, a cation, or a combination of both, 5 Further, it may be a metal or a non metallic material .
  • the compounds used to make up these deficiencies could include respectively, NaCl to add both Chloride and Sodium
  • Kg WaCl/m 3 Q.d./P
  • Q is the quantity of element to be added
  • d is the density of tlie material to be added
  • P is the percentage of the element in the material being added 5
  • the amount of Zinc Sulphate hydrate that needs to be added to the marc sample is 0.098 kg/m 3 in order to redress the zinc deficiency and bring the amount of zinc to an optimal or ideal
  • a further deficiency that may occur in marc is in the metabolisable energy (ME) content. Typically this is 6-12% in marc products. However, the range to ensure weight gain would be about 10-12% which would be an ideal range. 10 Energy content may be improved by adding carbohydrates such as sugars, carboxylic acids and celluloses, or other agents such as proteins and amino acids.
  • sugars and sugar refinery wastes eg molasses
  • sugars and sugar refinery wastes eg molasses
  • the protein content o£ marc products is typically at about 12-15% which is not deficient 20 but within the target range. Protein levels can be boosted, if necessary or desired, by the addition of nitrogen as urea, ammonium salts or protein rich additives like grains or the like.
  • Table 3 represents two examples of how the elemental deficiencies in marc may be optimised to improve the feed quality as determined by the method described in this specification.
  • Other chemicals or wastes could be used than those illustrated.
  • Mg could come from Mg sulphate or from Mg Chloride.
  • the differences in the chemicals used to improve the two marc wastes illustrate attempts to optimise all of the needed additives. Depending on economic and availability factors many other combinations are possible.
  • a method of introducing the fertilisers to the marc so as to uniformly and evenly mix the fertiliser throughout the marc is required.
  • Processes for uniformly mixing include mechanical mixers, movement with a wheeled front bucket loader, or any mechanical process shown to give an appropriate level of mixing resulting in a substantially homogenous mixture.
  • Additives required in very small amounts/ for example ultra trace elements/ may be applied advantageously in liquid solution.
  • Additives required in larger amounts/ for example sodium or potassium chloride may be added advantageously in solid form.
  • ensilaging is the most advantageous form of preservation for wet materials containing 25 to 35% moisture.
  • Ensilaging is cost effective and easily performed with marc which is conventionally produced at close to optimal moisture content and packs down easily to exclude oxygen as is required by the, process.
  • the ensilaging process also benefits from the addition of the chemical additives to the marc resulting in improved microbial growth and improvement in the digestible protein content.
  • Ensilaging may be performed in silos, bunkers, pits, wrapped bales or above ground windrows or the like.
  • Tables 1 and 2 illustrate two examples of elemental analyses of marc from widely different geographical areas and soil types of Australia. The analyses show similar nutrient deficiencies these being (in descending order) -
  • the compounds used to make up these deficiencies could include: NaCl
  • Sodium Selenate and may be used in ratios and amounts such, as to render the marc more useful and valuable for the nutrition of animals. Further it is observed that the resulting value of the mixture exceeds the cost of applying the additives.
  • raw cane sugar is used as a supplementary energy source.
  • rolled barley was added and the following formula used in feeding trials at Wodonga-
  • Salt mix contained sodium chloride about 75%, magnesium sulphate 20%, mono ammonium phosphate 3% and trace elements 2%.
  • weight gains of from 1.4 to 2.0 kg/head/day were achieved in feeding of steers with an average weight gain of around 1.6 kg/head/day.
  • steers would, thus be expected to grow and fatten from 300 kg to 650 kg in around 220 days using upgraded feed material made in accordance with the present invention.
  • the improvement in growth rate of cattle from cracking the seed and optimising the ratios of energy, protein, and minerals within the upgraded f ⁇ dd&r material can be seen from a graph of growth rates of smaller steer animals at the Wodonga trials.
  • the data demonstrates that the energy deficit in grape marc can be met by the addition of economical amounts of grain and sugar and by cracking the grape seeds.
  • Stigar additions can vary with external energy- needs such as cold windy weather and growth stage of the animal, urea will normally vary with protein requirement, the larger amount for younger animals with high protein needs and reduced amounts' as the animal stops growing and puts on body fat. At'> this stage energy will be increased and urea, decreased.
  • Preferred aspects of the key components of the present invention include the following: 1. The need for careful mineral analysis of the marc on a region by region, basis

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Abstract

L'invention concerne la valorisation de déchets vinicoles sous forme de marc ou de pulpe pour faire du fourrage acceptable pour les animaux ou des suppléments à ajouter à du fourrage pour animaux. Les déchets sont tout d'abord analysés pour déterminer la nature des éléments essentiels et des éléments préférés et l'insuffisance en éléments essentiels et en éléments préférés desdits déchets. Une comparaison avec le fourrage le mieux équilibré permet de déterminer la quantité d'éléments à ajouter aux déchets pour valoriser les déchets et arriver à la composition optimale destinée à être utilisée comme supplément de fourrage ou comme fourrage pour animaux, en particulier pour des animaux herbivores tels que des ruminants, des bovins ou similaires. Les déchets vinicoles de faible qualité ayant une faible valeur économique, l'invention offre l'avantage d'en augmenter la valeur économique par conversion en un fourrage de haute qualité qui peut être utilisé comme fourrage pour animaux dans les périodes de sécheresse pour maintenir les animaux en bonne santé.
PCT/AU2008/000155 2007-02-07 2008-02-07 Procédé d'amélioration de la valeur alimentaire de déchets vinicoles pour les animaux WO2008095254A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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AU2007900595A AU2007900595A0 (en) 2007-02-07 Method of improving the animal feed value of winery wastes
AU2007900595 2007-02-07

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Cited By (4)

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CN103190377A (zh) * 2013-04-18 2013-07-10 黄秀英 一种山黄皮肉鸡的培育方法
GR1009180B (el) * 2016-08-05 2017-12-22 Δημητριος Διονυσιου Κουρετας Βιοδραστικο ενσιρωμα ζωοτροφης διατροφικα ενισχυμενο με στεμφυλα οινοποιησης
US10334870B2 (en) 2010-10-07 2019-07-02 Tropicana Products, Inc. Processing of whole fruits and vegetables, processing of side-stream ingredients of fruits and vegetables, and use of the processed fruits and vegetables in beverage and food products
US10667546B2 (en) 2013-02-15 2020-06-02 Pepsico, Inc. Preparation and incorporation of co-products into beverages to enhance nutrition and sensory attributes

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