WO2008046297A1 - Trépan doté à la fois d'une fonction de forage et d'une fonction d'alésage - Google Patents

Trépan doté à la fois d'une fonction de forage et d'une fonction d'alésage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008046297A1
WO2008046297A1 PCT/CN2007/002890 CN2007002890W WO2008046297A1 WO 2008046297 A1 WO2008046297 A1 WO 2008046297A1 CN 2007002890 W CN2007002890 W CN 2007002890W WO 2008046297 A1 WO2008046297 A1 WO 2008046297A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shank
drill
reaming
sleeve
drill bit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2007/002890
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Qidan Lai
Lingxue Zhang
Original Assignee
Qidan Lai
Lingxue Zhang
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Qidan Lai, Lingxue Zhang filed Critical Qidan Lai
Publication of WO2008046297A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008046297A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E21B10/32—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for forming a hole in a base such as a concrete, masonry or rock for mounting a rear anchor, and more particularly to a drill having a drilling and reaming function without the need to change the drill bit
  • the drill bit can drill a straight hole at a time and enlarge the diameter of the straight hole at a predetermined depth.
  • Rear anchors are widely used in construction, municipal engineering, traffic engineering and coal mining.
  • the existing rear anchors are mounted using a conventional impact drill which can only form a straight hole and the rear anchor mounted in the straight hole forms an anchoring force by friction.
  • a conventional impact drill which can only form a straight hole and the rear anchor mounted in the straight hole forms an anchoring force by friction.
  • the straight hole can be reamed only by forming a straight hole first, and the straight hole is reamed in the process of construction. That is, it is necessary to replace the different drill bit to complete the drilling and reaming, and the construction process is troublesome and inefficient. Summary of the invention
  • the drill bit has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, and the rear anchor installed in the hole thus formed has an extremely high load carrying capacity.
  • a drill bit comprising: a drill shank adapted to be coupled to a power drive source; a drill rod having a drilled edge formed at a lower end thereof and a radial direction adjacent the lower end a through hole penetrating the drill pipe; a reaming blade disposed in the through hole and movable between an extended position and a retracted position, wherein the reaming edge is in an extended position Partially extending radially from the through hole, and in the retracted position, the reaming blade is retracted into the through hole; and a switching device that drives the reaming blade in an extended position and retracted Move back to the position.
  • the conversion device comprises: a rotating sleeve, the rotating sleeve is fitted on a lower end portion of the drill shank and an upper end portion of the drill rod so as to be fixed relative to the drill rod and along the The shank is axially slidable, and the sleeve is formed with an opening extending through a side wall thereof; a ram, the ram is disposed in a chamber axially formed in the drill rod for the upper position and the lower position Moveable between, wherein the ejector pin will ream the hole in a lower position The blade is pushed to the extended position, and in the upper position, the jack releases the reaming blade so that the reaming blade returns to the retracted position; and the block, the block is disposed in the opening of the sleeve So as to be movable between a holding position in which the block partially projects inwardly in the latching position to prevent the shank from pushing the ram down, and in the release position
  • the conversion device further includes: a sliding sleeve, the sliding sleeve is axially slidably fitted on the rotating sleeve, and a step is formed on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve such that an inner diameter of the upper portion of the sliding sleeve is smaller than an inner diameter of the lower portion thereof;
  • the retaining block is held in the retaining position by the inner wall of the upper portion of the sliding sleeve and the lower end surface of the shank during the drilling operation, and the inner block of the lower portion of the sliding sleeve is in the reaming operation
  • the outer peripheral surface of the shank is held in the released position.
  • the step is a slope.
  • an outer side of the upper portion of the block is formed with an outer slope corresponding to the step.
  • the converting device further comprises: a first return spring for maintaining the jack in an upper position in a normal state to allow the reaming blade to be in a retracted position.
  • the converting means further comprises a first return spring for maintaining the jack in an upper position in a normal state to allow the reaming edge to be in a retracted position.
  • the conversion device further includes a second return spring for maintaining the reaming blade in the retracted position in a normal state.
  • the drill bit further includes: a drill shank having a center hole and disposed at the bottom of the shank for being pushed upward by a first return spring; wherein the shank disk
  • the upper end surface has a central hole diameter larger than the central end hole diameter of the bottom end surface and forms a recess lc, and the upper end of the ejector is formed with a flange; wherein the flange of the ejector fits within the recess and the ejector passes a central bore of the drill shank extends into the chamber of the drill rod; and wherein the retaining block is held in the retaining position by the inner wall of the upper portion of the sliding sleeve and the lower end surface of the shank disc during the drilling operation, and The clip is held in the release position by the inner wall of the lower portion of the sleeve and the outer peripheral surface of the shank disc during the reaming operation.
  • a lower end portion of the shank disk is formed with a lower end
  • the drill bit further includes a drill sleeve, the lower end of the drill sleeve is engaged with the drill rod and the upper end thereof is fitted in the rotary sleeve, wherein the plunger passes through the drill sleeve a central bore extends into the chamber of the drill rod; and wherein the lower end of the first return spring is supported within the central bore of the drill sleeve and the upper end of the drill stem is urged.
  • the lower end surface of the jack is provided with a first inclined surface; wherein the reaming blade is provided with a first oblique surface a second inclined surface; and after the sliding sleeve is moved upward, the axial force is applied to the shank, the shank disc pushing the first inclined surface of the ejector pin to the second inclined surface of the reaming blade, thereby the reaming blade Gradually push to the extended position.
  • the drill bit further includes a hole depth control device coupled to the sliding sleeve for controlling the depth of the borehole and determining the position of the borehole.
  • the drilling edge and the reaming edge are made of a cemented carbide material or a combination of a cemented carbide material and ordinary steel.
  • the reaming blade includes: a base made of ordinary steel; and a cutting portion provided on the base and made of a cemented carbide material.
  • the drill bit with the above-mentioned structure and the function of drilling and reaming eliminates the need to drill two straight holes and reaming operations in the current construction, which eliminates the troubles of the construction process and the inefficiency, and never
  • the need to change the drill bit enables drilling and reaming in one step for mounting the rear anchor, so that the drill bit has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, etc., and the rear anchor installed in the hole formed by the drill bit has a pole High carrying capacity.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a drill bit having a cobalt hole and a reaming function in a state of drilling a straight hole according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a drill bit having a drilling and reaming function in a reaming state according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a jack of a drill bit in a drilled state according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a ram of a drill bit in a reaming state according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing a combination of a drill pipe and a drill pipe sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is another schematic view of a combination of a drill pipe and a drill pipe sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged schematic view showing the lower end portion of the drill pipe in a drilled state
  • Figure 8 is an enlarged schematic view showing the lower end portion of the drill pipe in a reaming state
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the drill pipe taken along line A-A of Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view of a reaming blade
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of a hole pattern formed on a substrate by a drill having a drilling and reaming function according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed ways
  • a drill bit 100 having a drilling and reaming function includes a drill shank 1, a drill pipe 9, a reaming blade 10, and a switching device 4.
  • the ram 1 is connected to an impact hammer as a power drive source (not shown) as a drill bit, for example, via a key la to transmit axial force and/or torque from the impact cymbal to the drill bit 100.
  • the drill rod 9 is formed at its lower end with a drilling edge 12 for drilling a hole and adjacent to the lower end with a through hole 11 extending radially through the drill rod 9, see Figs. 1-2 and 5-8.
  • the reaming blade 10 has a reset function and is disposed in the through hole 11 and is movable between an extended position and a retracted position, wherein the reaming edge 10 partially passes from the through position
  • the bore 11 projects radially (as shown in Figures 2 and 8), and in the retracted position the reaming edge 10 is retracted into the through bore 11 (as shown in Figures 1 and 7).
  • the conversion device 4 connects the shank 1 and the drill rod 9 and is used to drive the reaming blade 10 to move between an extended position and a retracted position to switch the drill bit between the drilling operation and the reaming operation. 100.
  • the conversion device 4 includes a swivel sleeve 2, a jack 7, and a card block 6.
  • the rotary sleeve 2 is fitted to the lower end portion of the drill shank 1 and the upper end portion of the drill rod sleeve 9c to connect the shank 1 and the drill rod 9.
  • the rotary sleeve 2 is formed with an opening 2a extending through its side wall.
  • the swivel sleeve 2 is fitted to the shank 1 by the flat key 3 so as to be axially slidable along the shank 1 and capable of transmitting torque, and the swivel sleeve 2 is fixed relative to the drill rod 9.
  • Formed in the drill rod 9 is formed with a chamber 9a along its axial direction, and the ram 7 is disposed in the chamber 9a so as to be movable between an upper position and a lower position, wherein the ejector 7 is driven at the shank 1 in the lower position
  • the reaming blade 10 is pushed down to the extended position (as shown in Figures 2 and 8), and in the upper position the ejector pin 7 releases the reaming blade 10 so that the reaming blade 10 returns to the retracted position (Fig. 1) And Figure 7).
  • the block 6 is disposed in the opening 2a of the rotary sleeve 2 so as to be movable between a holding position and a release position, wherein the opening portion 2a is partially protruded inwardly in the holding position to prevent the shank disk lb from being slidable
  • the inner 2 slides downward, thereby preventing the shank 1 from pushing the ejector pin 7 downward, and in the release position the snap block 6 is retracted outwardly into the opening 2a to allow the shank lb to slide downward, thereby pushing the ram 7 downward.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 two openings 2a and two blocks 6 are shown, however, the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the blocks and openings can be any suitable number, for example three or four.
  • the conversion device 4 further comprises a sliding sleeve 5.
  • the sliding sleeve 5 is axially slidably sleeved on the rotating sleeve 2, and the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 5 is formed with a step 5a, so that the inner diameter of the upper portion of the sliding sleeve is smaller than the inner diameter of the lower portion thereof.
  • the sliding sleeve 5 is divided into small inner diameters.
  • the upper portion and the lower portion having a large inner diameter are transitioned between the upper portion and the lower portion by the step 5a.
  • the step 5a is formed as a slope.
  • the outer side of the upper portion of the block 6 is also formed with an outer inclined surface 6b.
  • the sliding sleeve 5 can smoothly push the slider 6 inwardly into the opening 2a, and the slider 6 can smoothly smoothly protrude outward from the opening 2a.
  • the block 6 is held in the holding position by the inner wall of the upper portion of the sliding sleeve 5 and the lower end surface of the shank disk lb as shown in Fig. 1, and during the reaming operation, the block 6 is partially covered by the sliding sleeve 5.
  • the lower inner wall and the outer peripheral surface of the shank disc lb are held in the release position as shown in FIG.
  • the conversion device further comprises a first return spring 8 and a second return spring 13.
  • the first return spring 8 is used to normally hold the jack 7 in the upper position to allow the reaming blade 10 to be in the retracted position.
  • the second return spring 13 is used to maintain the reaming blade 10 in the retracted position in the normal state.
  • the first return spring 8 is a coil spring
  • the second return spring 13 is a leaf spring.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • a groove 9b is formed on the side of the through hole 11 of the drill pipe 9, and one end of the leaf spring 13 is fixed in the groove 9b, and the other end is connected to the reaming blade 10, so that the ejector pin 7 When returning to the upper position to release the reaming blade 10, the reaming blade 10 returns to the retracted position by the leaf spring 13.
  • the drill bit 100 further includes a drill shank lb and a drill sleeve 9c.
  • the shank disc lb has a central bore and is disposed at the bottom of the shank for upward movement by the first return spring 8 in a normal state.
  • the shank disk lb is formed with a recess lc, and the upper end of the ram 7 is formed with a flange 7a.
  • the flange 7a of the ram 7 fits within the recess lc, and the ram 7 extends through the central bore of the shank disc lb and the drill sleeve 9c into the chamber 9a of the drill rod 9.
  • the lower end portion of the drill rod sleeve 9c is engaged with the drill rod 9 by, for example, a threaded engagement and its upper end portion is fitted in the rotary sleeve 2. Therefore, the jack 7 extends through the center hole of the drill sleeve 9c into the chamber 9a of the drill rod 9.
  • the first return spring 8 is sleeved on the jack 7 and has a lower end supported in the central bore of the drill sleeve 9c and an upper end abutting against the bottom surface of the drill chuck lb.
  • the block 6 is held in the holding position by the inner wall of the upper portion of the sliding sleeve 5 and the lower end surface of the shank disc lb, and during the reaming operation, the blocking block 6 is composed of the inner wall of the lower portion of the sliding sleeve 5 and The outer peripheral surface of the shank lb remains In the release position.
  • the shank disk lb Since the shank disk lb is provided, the flange 7a of the ram 7 is caught in the recess lc of the shank disk lb.
  • the shank 1 and the shank disc lb are slid upward relative to the swivel sleeve 2, for example by the action of the first return spring 8, thereby moving the ram 7 upward to the upper position.
  • the drill shank lb is provided at the lower end of the shank 1, and the drill sleeve 9c is threadedly engaged with the upper end of the drill rod 9.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, for example, the bottom shape of the shank 1 may be changed and the shank disk 1b and the drill sleeve 9c may be omitted, so that the upper end of the first return spring 8 directly pushes the flange 7a of the ram 7, as above
  • the block 6 is held in the holding position and the releasing position by the shank 1 and the sliding sleeve 5.
  • the lower end surface of the jack 7 is provided with a first slope 7b.
  • the reaming blade 10 is provided with a second slope 10b corresponding to the first slope 7b.
  • the shank disk lb pushes the first slope 7b of the ram 7 to the second slope 10b of the reamer 10, thereby gradually pushing the reamer 10 to the extended position.
  • the conversion device 4 can push the lateral direction of the block 6 through the sliding sleeve 5 to hold or release the block 6,
  • the axial thrust of the power drive source is switched between acting on the drill rod 9 and acting on the jack 7, so that the drill bit can be switched between the drilling operation and the reaming operation.
  • the lower end of the shank disk 1b is formed with a chamfered or lower end slope lb1, and correspondingly, the upper inner side of the block 6 is formed with an inner side corresponding to the lower end slope lbl of the shank disk 1b. Bevel 6a.
  • the shank disk lb easily pushes the card block 6 inwardly into the opening 2a and the card block 6 easily pushes the shank disk lb upward.
  • the drilling edge 12 and the reaming edge 10 are made of a cemented carbide material or a combination of a cemented carbide material and ordinary steel.
  • the reaming blade 10 includes a base portion 10a made of ordinary steel, and a cutting portion 10c which is provided on the base portion 10a and made of a cemented carbide material.
  • the drill bit 100 may further comprise a hole depth control device 15, the hole depth control device 15 being coupled to the sliding sleeve 5 for controlling the depth of the borehole and determining the position of the reaming.
  • the sleeve 5 can be slid in the up and down direction along the sleeve 2 by the hole depth control means 15, thereby automatically switching the drill bit 100 between the drilling operation state and the reaming operation state.
  • the control arm 15a of the hole depth control device 15 contacts the base 14, thereby stopping the drilling.
  • the control arm 15a is controlled to a depth of 90 mm, and the control arm 15a is brought into contact with the base 14 to perform reaming.
  • the hole depth control device 15 includes a control arm 15a that holds the holder 15c of the control arm 15a, and the control arm 15a is slidable in the axial direction of the drill bit with respect to the holder 15c, and The control arm 15a is fastened to the bolt 15b on the holder 15c. It should be noted that the hole depth control device 15 is not limited to the above embodiment, and any suitable hole depth control device can be used by those skilled in the art.
  • the drill bit 100 having the drilling and reaming function according to an embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • the drill bit 100 needs to be switched to the drilling operation state by the switching device 4, as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 7, in which the drill bit 100 in the drilling operation state is shown. .
  • the drill shank 1 of the drill bit 100 is connected to an impact hammer (not shown), and the hole depth control device 15 connected to the sliding sleeve 5 is adjusted to set the target depth of the hole, and the drilling edge 12 is aligned with the base body 14. To drill the position, start the impact hammer.
  • the axial force of the impact hammer is transmitted to the block through the shank 1 and the shank disk lb. 6, then pass to the turn through the block 6
  • the sleeve 2 finally transmits the axial force to the drill sleeve 9c and the drill rod 9 through the rotary sleeve 2 and finally to the drilling edge 12, thereby ensuring that the axial force of the impact hammer acts on the base body 14.
  • the torque of the impact hammer is transmitted by the drill handle 1 through the flat key 3 to the rotary sleeve 2. Since the rotary sleeve 2 and the drill rod 9 are connected by threads or splines, the rotary sleeve 2 will eventually Torque is transmitted to the drill sleeve 9c and the drill rod 9, thereby driving the drilling edge 12 to rotate, and a straight hole is drilled in the base 14, thereby achieving a drilling operation.
  • FIG. 2 As shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 4 and FIG. 8, there is shown a drill bit 100 in a reaming operation state.
  • two methods can be used at this time, that is, manual mode or hole utilization.
  • the automatic mode of the deep control device 15 converts the drilling operation state of the drill bit 100 to the reaming operation state by the conversion device 4.
  • the hole depth control device 15 causes the sliding sleeve 5 to automatically slide upward from the position shown in Fig. 1 (of course, if the sliding sleeve 5 is not Connected to the hole depth control device 15, the sliding sleeve 5 can be manually slid upward, the rest of the operation is the same as in the case of the hole depth device 15, and the slider 6 is radially driven in the opening 2a by the shank 1 and the shank disk 1b.
  • the shank 1 cannot transmit the axial force to the block 6, since the sleeve 2 can slide longitudinally relative to the shank 1, the shank 1 and the shank lb will be oriented in the swivel 2 under axial force The lower end of the sleeve 2 slides, whereby the lower end surface of the shank 1 will contact the upper end surface of the ram 7 and transmit the axial force to the ram 7, which is reversed against the first reset by the axial force.
  • the spring force of the spring 8 moves downward, and the jack 7 transmits the axial force to the second inclined surface 10a of the reaming blade 10 through the first inclined surface 7b and causes the reaming edge 10 against the elastic force of the second return spring 13 in the through hole 11
  • the inner and outer movements so that the reaming blade 10 partially protrudes through the through hole 11, that is, moves to the extended position, and similar to the drilling operation state, the torque of the impact hammer is transmitted from the drill handle 1 to the rotary sleeve 2 through the flat key 3,
  • the rotary sleeve 2 transmits torque to the drill sleeve 9c and the drill rod 9, so that the drill rod 9 rotates the reaming blade 10 to perform a reaming operation.
  • the operator releases the axial force applied to the shank 1, at which time the ram 7 returns to the lower position under the action of the first return spring 8, while the reaming blade 10 is at the second return spring. 13 and the shank lb return to the retracted position, so that the drill rod 9 can be pulled out from the hole together with the drilling edge 12 and the reaming blade 10.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the hole 17 obtained on the base 14, which has a straight hole portion 17a and a diameter enlarged portion 17b, and then the rear anchor can be used (not Show) installation Go into the hole 17.

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Description

具有钻孔和扩孔功能的钻头
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在诸如砼、 砌体、 岩石的基体中形成孔以便安装后置锚固件的装 置， 更具体而言， 涉及一种具有钻孔和扩孔功能的钻头， 在无需更换钻头的情况下， 所述钻头能够一次钻出直孔且在预定深度处扩大所述直孔的直径。 背景技术
后置锚固件在建筑工程、 市政工程、 交通工程及煤矿等领域应用广泛。 现有后置 锚固件的安装均采用普通冲击钻头， 所述普通冲击钻头只能形成直孔并且安装在直孔 中的后置锚固件通过摩擦力形成锚固作用。 为了增大后置锚固件的承载力， 需要扩大 直孔底部的直径。 目前， 只能通过先形成直孔后采用特殊钻头对直孔进行扩孔， 在施 工过程中必须分二次， 即需要更换不同的钻头完成钻孔与扩孔， 施工过程麻烦， 效率 低下。 发明内容
因此， 本发明的目的是提供一种钻头， 所述钻头能够在诸如砼、 砌体、 岩石的基 体中一步完成钻孔和扩孔以便安装后置锚周件， 且不需更换钻头， 所述钻头具有效率 高、 费用低等优点， 且安装在如此形成的孔内的后置锚固件具有极高的承载能力。
为此， 根据本发明的一个方面， 提出一种钻头， 包括： 适于与动力驱动源相连的 钻柄； 钻杆， 所述钻杆在其下端形成有钻孔刃并且邻近下端设有径向贯穿所述钻杆的 通孔； 扩孔刃， 所述扩孔刃设置在所述通孔内， 且能够在伸出位置与縮回位置之间移 动， 其中在伸出位置所述扩孔刃部分地从所述通孔径向伸出， 而在縮回位置所述扩孔 刃縮回到所述通孔内； 和转换装置， 所述转换装置驱动所述扩孔刃在伸出位置与缩回 位置之间进行移动。
根据本发明的实施例， 所述转换装置包括： 转套， 所述转套配合在所述钻柄的下 端部和所述钻杆的上端部上， 以便相对于所述钻杆固定且沿所述钻柄可轴向滑动， 且 所述转套形成有贯穿其侧壁的开口； 顶杆， 所述顶杆设置在轴向形成于所述钻杆内的 腔室内以便在上部位置和下部位置之间可移动， 其中在下部位置所述顶杆将所述扩孔 刃推到所述伸出位置， 而在上部位置所述顶杆释放所述扩孔刃以便扩孔刃返回到缩回 位置； 和卡块， 所述卡块设置在所述转套的开口内以便可在卡持位置与释放位置之间 移动， 其中在卡持位置所述卡块向内部分地伸出所述开口以便防止所述钻柄向下推动 所述顶杆， 而在释放位置所述卡块向外縮回到所述开口内以便允许所述钻柄向下推动 所述顶杆。
进而， 所述转换装置进一步包括： 滑套， 所述滑套可轴向滑动地配合在转套上， 且所述滑套的内壁上形成有台阶从而滑套上部的内径小于其下部的内径； 其中在钻孔 操作期间所述卡块由滑套上部的内壁和所述钻柄的下端面保持在卡持位置， 且在扩孔 操作期间所述卡块由所述滑套下部的内壁和所述钻柄的外周表面保持在释放位置。
具体地， 所述台阶为斜面。
相应地， 所述卡块的上部外侧形成有与台阶对应的外侧斜面。
根据本发明的实施例， 所述转换装置进一步包括： 第一复位弹簧， 所述第一复位 弹簧用于常态下将所述顶杆保持在上部位置以便允许所述扩孔刃处于缩回位置。
根据本发明的实施例， 所述转换装置进一步包括第一复位弹簧， 所述第一复位弹 簧用于常态下将所述顶杆保持在上部位置以便允许所述扩孔刃处于缩回位置。
进而， 所述转换装置进一步包括第二复位弹簧， 所述第二复位弹簧用于常态下将 所述扩孔刃保持在缩回位置。
根据本发明的实施例， 所述钻头进一步包括： 钻柄盘， 所述钻柄盘具有中心孔并 设置在所述钻柄底部以便由第一复位弹簧常态下向上推动； 其中所述钻柄盘的上端面 的中心孔直径大于底端面的中心孔直径并形成凹部 lc，且所述顶杆的上端形成有凸缘； 其中所述顶杆的凸缘配合在所述凹部内而顶杆穿过所述钻柄盘的中心孔伸入钻杆的腔 室内； 及其中在钻孔操作期间所述卡块由滑套上部的内壁和所述钻柄盘的下端面保持 在卡持位置， 且在扩孔操作期间所述卡块由所述滑套下部的内壁和所述钻柄盘的外周 表面保持在释放位置。 进而， 所述钻柄盘的下端部形成有下端斜面； 及其中所述卡块 的上部内侧形成有与钻柄盘的所述下端斜面相应的内侧斜面。
根据本发明的实施例， 所述钻头进一步包括钻杆套， 所述钻杆套的下端部与钻杆 接合而其上端部配合在转套内， 其中所述顶杆穿过所述钻杆套的中心孔伸入钻杆的腔 室内； 及其中所述第一复位弹簧的下端支撑在钻杆套的中心孔内而其上端推动所述钻 柄盘。
进而， 所述顶杆的下端面设置有第一斜面； 其中所述扩孔刃设置有与第一斜面对 应的第二斜面； 及滑套上移后， 通过对钻柄施加轴向力， 所述钻柄盘使顶杆的第一斜 面推动扩孔刃的第二斜面， 从而将所述扩孔刃逐渐地推到伸出位置。
根据本发明的实施例， 所述钻头进一步包括孔深控制装置， 所述孔深控制装置与 所述滑套相连用于控制钻孔的深度和确定扩孔的位置。
具体地， 所述钻孔刃和扩孔刃由硬质合金材料或硬质合金材料与普通钢的组合制 成。
进而， 所述扩孔刃包括： 由普通钢制成的基部； 和切削部， 所述切削部设置在所 述基部上且由硬质合金材料制成。
采用上述结构的具有钻孔和扩孔功能的钻头， 消除了现行施工中需要分别采用两 种不同功能的钻头进行钻直孔和扩孔操作， 消除了施工过程麻烦， 效率低下的缺点， 从而不需进行更换钻头能够一步完成钻孔和扩孔用于安装后置锚固件， 从而所述钻头 具有效率高、 费用低等优点， 安装在由所述钻头形成的孔内的后置锚固件具有极高的 承载能力。 附图说明
本发明的这些和 /或其他方面和优点从下面结合附图对优选实施例的描述中将变 一得明显和容易理解， 其中：
图 1为根据本发明实施例的具有钴孔和扩孔功能的钻头处于钻直孔状态下的示意 图；
图 2为根据本发明实施例的具有钻孔和扩孔功能的钻头在扩孔状态下的示意图； 图 3为根据本发明实施例的钻头的顶杆处于钻孔状态的示意图；
图 4为根据本发明实施例的钻头的顶杆处于扩孔状态的示意图；
图 5为根据本发明实施例的钻杆与钻杆套组合的示意图；
图 6为根据本发明实施例的钻杆与钻杆套组合的另一示意图；
图 7是示出钻孔状态下的钻杆下端部的放大示意图；
图 8是示出扩孔状态下的钻杆下端部的放大示意图；
图 9是钻杆沿图 8中的线 A-A的剖视图；
图 10是扩孔刃的示意图； 和
图 11是利用本发明实施例的具有钻孔和扩孔功能的钻头在基体上形成的孔型的示 意图。 具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例， 所述实施例的示例在附图中示出， 其中自始至终 相同的标号表示相同的元件。 下面通过参考附图描述实施例以便解释本发明。
需要说明的是， 为了描述方便， 将靠近钻柄的一侧描述为"上"， 靠近钻杆的一侧 描述为"下"， 而靠近钻头纵向中心线的一侧描述为"内"， 远离中心线一侧描述为"外"。
如图 1和图 2所示， 根据本发明实施例的具有钻孔和扩孔功能的钻头 100包括钻 柄 1， 钻杆 9， 扩孔刃 10， 和转换装置 4。
钻柄 1与作为钻头的动力驱动源（未示出） 的冲击电锤例如通过键 la相连接， 以 便从冲击电捶将轴向力和 /或扭矩传递到钻头 100。 所述钻杆 9在其下端形成有用于钻 孔的钻孔刃 12且邻近下端设有径向贯穿所述钻杆 9的通孔 11， 参见图 1-2和 5-8。
所述扩孔刃 10具有复位功能且设置在所述通孔 11 内， 并且能够在伸出位置与缩 回位置之间移动， 其中在伸出位置所述扩孔刃 10部分地从所述通孔 11径向伸出 （如 图 2和图 8所示）， 而在縮回位置所述扩孔刃 10缩回到所述通孔 11内 （如图 1和图 7 所示）。
所述转换装置 4连接钻柄 1和钻杆 9， 且用于驱动所述扩孔刃 10在伸出位置与縮 回位置之间进行移动， 以便在钻孔操作与扩孔操作之间转换钻头 100。
更具体而言， 如图 1所示， 所述转换装置 4包括转套 2, 顶杆 7， 卡块 6。
转套 2配合在钻柄 1的下端部和钻杆套 9c的上端部上，以便连接钻柄 1和钻杆 9。 转套 2形成有贯穿其侧壁的开口 2a。 例如， 转套 2通过平键 3配合在钻柄 1上， 从而 沿钻柄 1可轴向滑动， 且能够传递扭矩， 并且转套 2相对于钻杆 9固定。
形成于钻杆 9内沿其轴向形成有腔室 9a，顶杆 7设置在腔室 9a内， 以便在上部位 置和下部位置之间可移动，其中在下部位置顶杆 7在钻柄 1的驱动下将扩孔刃 10推到 所述伸出位置 （如图 2和图 8所示)， 而在上部位置顶杆 7释放扩孔刃 10以便扩孔刃 10返回到缩回位置 （如图 1和图 7所示）。
卡块 6设置在转套 2的开口 2a内以便在卡持位置与释放位置之间可移动，其中在 卡持位置卡块 2向内部分地伸出开口 2a以便阻止钻柄盘 lb在滑套 2内向下滑动， 从 而防止钻柄 1向下推动顶杆 7， 而在释放位置卡块 6向外縮回到开口 2a内以便允许钻 柄 lb向下滑动， 从而向下推动顶杆 7。
在图 1和图 2中， 示出了两个开口 2a和两个卡块 6， 然而， 本发明并不限于此， 卡块和开口可以为任何^ "适的数量， 例如， 三个或四个。
在本发明的实施例中， 转换装置 4进一步包括滑套 5。 滑套 5可轴向滑动地套在 转套 2上，且滑套 5的内壁上形成有台阶 5a,从而滑套上部的内径小于其下部的内径， 换言之， 滑套 5被分成具有小内径的上部和具有大内径的下部， 上部和下部之间通过 台阶 5a过渡， 在此实施例中， 台阶 5a形成为斜面。
相应地， 卡块 6的上部外侧也形成有外侧斜面 6b。 利用外侧斜面 6b和台阶 5a， 滑套 5能够平滑地将卡块 6向内推入开口 2a内， 且卡块 6能够平滑地从开口 2a内平 滑地向外逐渐伸出。
在钻孔操作期间，卡块 6由滑套 5上部的内壁和钻柄盘 lb的下端面保持在卡持位 置如图 1所示， 而在扩孔操作期间， 卡块 6部分由滑套 5下部的内壁和钻柄盘 lb的外 周表面保持在释放位置， 如图 2所示。
根据本发明的实施例， 转换装置进一步包括第一复位弹簧 8和第二复位弹簧 13。 第一复位弹簧 8用于常态下将顶杆 7保持在上部位置以便允许扩孔刃 10处于缩回 位置。 第二复位弹簧 13用于常态下将扩孔刃 10保持在縮回位置。
在此实施例中， 第一复位弹簧 8为螺旋弹簧， 第二复位弹簧 13为片簧。 但并本发 明并不限于此。
参考图 8和图 9, 在钻杆 9的通孔 11一侧的形成有凹槽 9b, 片簧 13的一端固定 在凹槽 9b内， 而另一端与扩孔刃 10相连， 从而当顶杆 7回到上部位置从而释放扩孔 刃 10时， 扩孔刃 10在片簧 13作用下返回到縮回位置。
根据本发明的实施例， 钻头 100进一步包括钻柄盘 lb和钻杆套 9c。
钻柄盘 lb具有中心孔并设置在钻柄底部以便由第一复位弹簧 8常态下向上推动。 钻柄盘 lb的形成有凹部 lc， 且顶杆 7的上端形成有凸缘 7a。
顶杆 7的凸缘 7a配合在凹部 lc内， 而顶杆 7穿过钻柄盘 lb和钻杆套 9c的中心 孔伸入钻杆 9的腔室 9a内。 钻杆套 9c的下端部与钻杆 9例如通过螺纹接合而其上端 部配合在转套 2内。 因此， 顶杆 7穿过所述钻杆套 9c的中心孔伸入钻杆 9的腔室 9a 内。
第一复位弹簧 8套在顶杆 7上，且其下端支撑在钻杆套 9c的中心孔内而上端抵靠 到钻柄盘 lb的底面上。
在钻孔操作期间，卡块 6由滑套 5上部的内壁和钻柄盘 lb的下端面保持在卡持位 置， 而在扩孔操作期间， 卡块 6由所述滑套 5下部的内壁和钻柄盘 lb的外周表面保持 在释放位置。
由于设置了钻柄盘 lb, 顶杆 7的凸缘 7a卡在钻柄盘 lb的凹部 lc内。 在钻孔时， 钻柄 1和钻柄盘 lb例如通过第一复位弹簧 8的作用下相对于转套 2向上滑动，从而将 顶杆 7向上移动到上部位置。
需要说明的是， 在本发明此实施例中， 在钻柄 1的下端设置了钻柄盘 lb， 且在钻 杆 9的上端设置了与其螺纹接合的钻杆套 9c。 然而， 本发明并不限于此， 例如， 可以 改变钻柄 1的底部形状和省略钻柄盘 lb和钻杆套 9c， 从而第一复位弹簧 8的上端直 接推动顶杆 7的凸缘 7a， 如上所述， 卡块 6由钻柄 1和滑套 5配合保持在卡持位置和 释放位置。 '- 根据本发明的此实施例， 顶杆 7的下端面设置有第一斜面 7b。 相应地， 扩孔刃 10 设置有与第一斜面 7b对应的第二斜面 10b。 从而， 通过对钻柄 1施加轴向力， 钻柄盘 lb使顶杆 7的第一斜面 7b推动扩孔刃 10的第二斜面 10b,从而将扩孔刃 10逐渐地推 到伸出位置。
当滑套 5从图 1所示的状态朝着转套 2的上端滑动时， 具有大的内径的滑套 5的 下部将与卡块 6的位置沿径向方向对齐， 并且卡块 6被钻柄盘 lb从卡持位置（图 1和 图 3所示的卡块位置）推到释放位置并且由滑套 5下部的内壁和钻柄盘 lb或者（钻柄 1和钻柄盘 lb) 的外周面保持在释放位置 （图 2和图 4所示的卡块位置）， 由此卡块 6 的内侧表面与转套 2的内壁表面平齐， 从而钻柄 1在动力驱动源的轴向力的作用下能 够相对于转套 2向下滑动， 以便接触并推动钻柄盘 lb并推动顶杆 7， 顶杆 7向下推动 扩孔刃 10。 由此， 扩孔刃 10逆着第二复位弹簧 13的弹力部分地伸出通孔 11， 从而到 达伸出位置， 钻头 100处于扩孔操作状态， 如图 2和图 8所示。
反之， 当滑套 5从图 2所示的状态朝着转套 2的下端滑动时， 滑套 5的台阶 5a向 内推动卡块 6， 具有小内径的滑套 5的上部将与卡块 6的位置在径向方向上对齐， 从 而卡块 6被滑套 5从释放位置推到卡持位置并且由滑套 5的内壁和钻柄盘 lb的下端面 保持在卡持位置。 此时， 钻柄 1的轴向力通过钻柄盘 lb和卡块 6传递给转套 2， 从而 传递给钻杆套 9c和钻杆 9， 而顶杆 7在第一复位弹簧 8和钻柄盘 lb的作用下回复到 上部位置。 由此， 顶杆 7释放扩孔刃 10。 结果， 扩孔刃 10在第二复位弹簧 13作用下 移动到通孔 11内， 从而处于縮回位置， 钻头 100处于钻孔操作状态， 如图 1和图 7所 示。
由此， 转换装置 4可以通过滑套 5对卡块 6的横向推动以便卡持或释放卡块 6， 使动力驱动源的轴向推力在作用于钻杆 9上与作用于顶杆 7上之间转换， 从而能够将 钻头在钻孔操作和扩孔操作之间转换。
可选地， 在本发明的实施例中， 钻柄盘 lb的下端形成有倒角或下端斜面 lbl， 相 应地， 卡块 6的上部内侧形成有与钻柄盘 lb的下端斜面 lbl相应的内侧斜面 6a。 由 此， 钻柄盘 lb容易平滑地将卡块 6向内推入开口 2a内以及卡块 6容易地将钻柄盘 lb 向上推动。
在本发明的实施例中， 钻孔刃 12和扩孔刃 10由硬质合金材料或硬质合金材料与 普通钢的组合制成。
更具体地， 扩孔刃 10包括由普通钢制成的基部 10a， 和切削部 10c， 所述切削部 10c设置在基部 10a上且由硬质合金材料制成。
根据本发明进一步的实施例， 钻头 100可以进一步包括孔深控制装置 15， 所述孔 深控制装置 15与所述滑套 5相连用于控制钻孔的深度和确定扩孔的位置。而且，通过 孔深控制装置 15能够使滑套 5沿转套 2沿上下方向滑动，从而自动地在钻孔操作状态 与扩孔操作状态之间转换钻头 100。
例如， 当孔深控制装置 15设定的孔深为 100毫米时， 当钻孔深度达到达 100毫米 时， 孔深控制装置 15的控制臂 15a接触基体 14， 从而停止钻孔。 例如， 如果需要扩 孔的位置在深度为 90毫米的位置， 那么使控制臂 15a的控制深度为 90毫米， 并且使 控制臂 15a接触到基体 14， 从而进行扩孔。
在图 1和图 2所示的实施例中，孔深控制装置 15包括控制臂 15a，保持控制臂 15a 的保持件 15c，控制臂 15a相对于保持件 15c可以沿钻头的轴向方向滑动，和将控制臂 15a紧固到保持件 15c上的螺栓 15b。 需要说明的是， 所述孔深控制装置 15并不限于 上述实施例， 本领域的普通技术人员可以使用任何合适的孔深控制装置。
下面结合附图描述根据本发明实施例的具有钻孔和扩孔功能的钻头 100的操作。 当需要使用钻头 100在基体 14上钻孔，钻头 100需要通过转换装置 4转换到钻孔 操作状态， 如图 1， 图 3和图 7所示， 其中示出了处于钻孔操作状态的钻头 100。
将钻头 100的钻柄 1与冲击电锤 （未示出） 相连接， 调节与滑套 5相连的孔深控 制装置 15以便设定孔的目标深度，将钻孔刃 12对准基体 14上的要钻孔位置， 启动冲 击电锤。
此时， 由于卡块 6由滑套 5的具有小内径的上部的内壁和钻柄盘 lb限制在卡持位 置， 冲击电锤的轴向力通过钻柄 1和钻柄盘 lb传递至卡块 6, 再通过卡块 6传递至转 套 2, 最后通过转套 2将轴向力传递给钻杆套 9c和钻杆 9并最终传递到钻孔刃 12， 从 而保证冲击电锤的轴向力有效作用于基体 14。 同时， 在传递轴向力的同时， 冲击电锤 的扭矩由钻柄 1通过平键 3传递到转套 2, 由于转套 2与钻杆 9用螺纹或花键进行连 接， 转套 2最终将扭矩传递给钻杆套 9c和钻杆 9， 由此驱动钻孔刃 12转动， 在基体 14上钻出直孔， 由此实现钻孔操作。
在钻孔操作状态下， 由于冲击电锤的轴向力无法通过钻柄 1和钻柄盘 lb传递至顶 杆 7， 因此顶杆 7由第一复位弹簧 8保持在上部位置， 顶杆 7无法推动扩孔刃 10从通 孔 11内伸出， 因此， 扩孔刃 10由第二复位弹簧 13保持在縮回位置。
如图 2， 图 4和图 8所示， 其中示出了处于扩孔操作状态的钻头 100， 当钻出的孔 深度到达目标深度时， 此时可以采用两种方式， 即手动方式或利用孔深控制装置 15的 自动方式， 通过转换装置 4将钻头 100钻孔操作状态转换到扩孔操作状态。
例如， 如果滑套 5与孔深控制装置 15相连， 当到达孔的目标深度时， 孔深控制装 置 15使滑套 5自动地从图 1所示的位置向上滑动（当然， 如果滑套 5不与孔深控制装 置 15相连，则滑套 5可以手动地向上滑动，其余操作与利用孔深装置 15的情况相同）， 卡块 6在钻柄 1和钻柄盘 lb推动下在开口 2a内径向向外移动， 从而部分地伸入滑套 5的具有大内径的下部内， 直到卡块 6的内侧面与转套 2的内壁平齐， 此时卡块 6由 钻柄盘 lb (或钻柄盘 lb和钻柄 1 ) 的外周面和滑套 5的下部的内壁卡持在释放位置。 因此， 钻柄 1无法将轴向力传递给卡块 6， 由于转套 2相对钻柄 1可纵向滑动， 钻柄 1 和钻柄盘 lb将在轴向力的作用下在转套 2内朝向转套 2的下端滑动，由此钻柄 1的下 端面将与顶杆 7的上端面接触并将轴向力传递至顶杆 7， 顶杆 7在轴向力的作用下逆 着第一复位弹簧 8的弹力向下移动， 顶杆 7将轴向力通过第一斜面 7b传递于扩孔刃 10的第二斜面 10a并使扩孔刃 10逆着第二复位弹簧 13的弹力在通孔 11内向外移动， 从而扩孔刃 10部分地伸出通孔 11 , 即移动到伸出位置， 与钻孔操作状态类似， 冲击 电锤的扭矩由钻柄 1通过平键 3传递到转套 2, 转套 2将扭矩传递给钻杆套 9c和钻杆 9， 从而钻杆 9带动扩孔刃 10旋转， 进行扩孔操作。
当扩孔操作完成后， 操作者释放对钻柄 1施加的轴向力， 此时， 顶杆 7在第一复 位弹簧 8的作用下返回到下部位置，同时扩孔刃 10在第二复位弹簧 13和钻柄盘 lb的 作用下返回到縮回位置，从而能够将钻杆 9连同钻孔刃 12及扩孔刀片 10从孔内拔出。
至此， 完成钻孔操作与扩孔操作， 图 11为在基体 14上得到的孔 17的示意图， 所 示孔 17具有直孔部 17a和直径扩大部 17b， 然后， 可以将后置锚固件 （未示出） 安装 到孔 17内。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例， 对于本领域的普通技术人员而言， 可以 理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行变化， 本发明的范 围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种钻头， 包括- 适于与动力驱动源相连的钻柄；
钻杆， 所述钻杆在其下端形成有钻孔刃并且邻近所述下端设有径向贯穿所述钻杆 的通孔；
扩孔刃， 所述扩孔刃设置在所述通孔内， 且能够在伸出位置与縮回位置之间移动， 其中在伸出位置所述扩孔刃部分地从所述通孔径向伸出， 而在缩回位置所述扩孔刃缩 回到所述通孔内； 和
转换装置， 所述转换装置驱动所述扩孔刃在伸出位置与缩回位 ¾—之间进行移动。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的钻头， 其中所述转换装置包括：
转套， 所述转套配合在所述钻柄的下端部和所述钻杆的上端部上， 以便相对于所 述钻杆固定且沿所述钻柄可轴向滑动， 且所述转套形成有贯穿其侧壁的开口；
顶杆， 所述顶杆设置在轴向形成于所述钻杆内的腔室内以便在上部位置和下部位 置之间可移动， 其中在下部位置所述顶杆将所述扩孔刃推到所述伸出位置， 而在上部 位置所述顶杆释放所述扩孔刃以便扩孔刃返回到缩回位置； 和
卡块，所述卡块设置在所述转套的开口内以便在卡持位置与释放位置之间可移动， 其中在卡持位置所述卡块向内部分地伸出所述开口以便防止所述钻柄向下推动所述顶 杆， 而在释放位置所述卡块向外縮回到所述开口内以便允许所述钻柄向下推动所述顶 杆。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的钻头， 其中所述转换装置进一步包括：
滑套， 所述滑套可轴向滑动地配合在转套上， 且所述滑套的内壁上形成有台阶从 而滑套上部的内径小于其下部的内径；
其中在钻孔操作期间所述卡块由滑套上部的内壁和所述钻柄的下端面保持在卡持 位置， 且在扩孔操作期间所述卡块由所述滑套下部的内壁和所述钻柄的外周表面保持 在释放位置。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的钻头， 其中所述台阶为斜面。
5、根据权利要求 4所述的钻头， 其中所述卡块的上部外侧形成有与台阶对应的外 侧斜面。
6、 根据权利要求 3所述的钻头， 其中所述转换装置进一步包括：
第一复位弹簧， 所述第一复位弹簧用于常态下将所述顶杆保持在上部位置以便允 许所述扩孔刃处于縮回位置。
7、 根据权利要求 4所述的钻头， 其中所述转换装置进一步包括：
第二复位弹簧， 所述第二复位弹簧用于常态下将所述扩孔刃保持在缩回位置。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的钻头， 进一步包括：
钻柄盘， 所述钻柄盘具有中心孔并设置在所述钻柄底部以便由第一复位弹簧常态 下向上推动；
其中所述钻柄盘的上端面的中心孔直径大于底端面的中心孔直径并形成凹部， 且 所述顶杆的上端形成有凸缘；
其中所述顶杆的凸缘配合在所述凹部内而顶杆穿过所述钻柄盘的中心孔伸入钻杆 的腔室内； 及
其中在钻孔操作期间所述卡块由滑套上部的内壁和所述钻柄盘的下端面保持在卡 持位置， 且在扩孔操作期间所述卡块由所述滑套下部的内壁和所述钻柄盘的外周表面 保持在释放位置。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的钻头， 其中所述钻柄盘的下端部形成有下端斜面； 及 其中所述卡块的上部内侧形成有与钻柄盘的所述下端斜面相应的内侧斜面。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的钻头， 进一步包括：
钻杆套， 所述钻杆套的下端部与钻杆接合而其上端部配合在转套内，
其中所述顶杆穿过所述钻杆套的中心孔伸入钻杆的腔室内； 及
其中所述第一复位弹簧的下端支撑在钻杆套的中心孔内而其上端向上推动所述钻 柄盘。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的钻头， 其中所述顶杆的下端面设置有第一斜面； 其中所述扩孔刃设置有与第一斜面对应的第二斜面； 及
其中通过对钻柄施加轴向力， 所述钻柄盘使顶杆的第一斜面推动扩孔刃的第二斜 面， 从而将所述扩孔刃逐渐地推到伸出位置。
12、 根据权利要求 1所述的钻头， 进一步包括： 孔深控制装置， 所述孔深控制装 置与所述滑套相连用于控制钻孔的深度和确定扩孔的位置。
13、 根据权利要求 1所述的钻头， 其中所述钻孔刃和扩孔刃由硬质合金材料或硬 质合金材料与普通钢的组合制成。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的钻头， 其中所述扩孔刃包括： 由普通钢制成的基部； 和
切削部， 所述切削部设置在所述基部上且由硬质合金材料制成。
PCT/CN2007/002890 2006-10-11 2007-10-08 Trépan doté à la fois d'une fonction de forage et d'une fonction d'alésage WO2008046297A1 (fr)

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