WO2008037156A1 - Bombe de collecte d'énergie destinée à une explosion subaquatique et son procédé de conception - Google Patents

Bombe de collecte d'énergie destinée à une explosion subaquatique et son procédé de conception Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008037156A1
WO2008037156A1 PCT/CN2007/001416 CN2007001416W WO2008037156A1 WO 2008037156 A1 WO2008037156 A1 WO 2008037156A1 CN 2007001416 W CN2007001416 W CN 2007001416W WO 2008037156 A1 WO2008037156 A1 WO 2008037156A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
underwater
energy
blasting
cover
shaped
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PCT/CN2007/001416
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Bingxu Zheng
Dianshu Liu
Zhanjun Li
Jianqiu Fu
Original Assignee
Bingxu Zheng
Dianshu Liu
Zhanjun Li
Jianqiu Fu
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Filing date
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Application filed by Bingxu Zheng, Dianshu Liu, Zhanjun Li, Jianqiu Fu filed Critical Bingxu Zheng
Publication of WO2008037156A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008037156A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
    • F42B1/02—Shaped or hollow charges

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a concentrating blasting apparatus and an underwater arranging method suitable for use in different rock strengths and different rock thicknesses, particularly in underwater reefs.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION At present, the underwater reef engineering mainly uses underwater drilling and blasting methods for construction. The method needs to be equipped with a reef boat and corresponding equipment, and the drilled hole usually has an ultra-deep depth of 1.8 m and underwater drilling and blasting operations.
  • the environment is more complicated, which is affected by factors such as water surface waves, sea tides, river water level, water flow speed, mud and sand movement, etc., and because the blasting medium is in water saturation and is affected by water layer pressure and water resistance.
  • the precision of the opening and the quality control of the blasting of the blasthole are more difficult than the construction of the land, which is prone to deviation.
  • the bare blasting in the water has the advantages of simple construction, flexible maneuverability, easy to grasp, and no special equipment, the blasting unit explosives consumes a large amount of energy, has low efficiency, has poor blasting effect accuracy, and has a harmful effect. 5 ⁇
  • the limit of the depth of the fracture is generally only 1. 0 ⁇ 1. 5m. This is too expensive for a small amount of engineering and a thin rock formation, which is uneconomical. In order to increase the depth of one-time crushing, it is necessary to adopt a convenient, fast and low initial investment method to reduce engineering costs and further improve economic efficiency.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an underwater blasting energy-generating projectile and an underwater arranging method for solving the problem that the on-ground energy blasting technology is applied to underwater reefs, reducing the cost of underwater blasting engineering, and further improving economic benefits. problem.
  • An underwater blasting shaped energy bomb includes a detonating device, a charging device, a casing, and a hood,
  • the detonation point is located at the center of the top of the charge
  • the medicine cover is located at the bottom of the charge, and is one of a conical, hemispherical or spherical type; the feature is: the cover is filled with non-absorbent foam plastic to form a foam And the combination of the medicine cover, the bottom edge of the medicine cover is sealedly connected with the bottom plate of the packaging shell.
  • the underwater blasting energy-generating bomb as described above is filled with a non-absorbent foam plastic, and the foam is bonded to the medicinal cover to form a foam blister and a blister cover assembly.
  • the non-absorbent foam plastic is a non-absorbent polyvinyl chloride foam.
  • the underwater blasting energy-generating bomb as described above, the main charge density exceeds 1. 2g/cm 3 , and the explosion speed exceeds 6000m/s and the waterproof explosive.
  • a horizontally placed partition is disposed above the hood of the outer casing, and the center line of the partition coincides with the symmetry axis of the hood.
  • the thickness of the wall thickness of the medicinal hood is 0. 8 ⁇ 5 times .
  • the partition is made of an inert material such as plastic, wood or graphite.
  • the partition plate has a circular shape.
  • the underwater projectile method of an underwater blasting energy-generating projectile as described above the layout is carried out by divers laying or using the sinking method, and the diver is used to try to accurately position the ship first, and fully utilize the bottom rock and the reef.
  • the diver sneaked into the water to cling the shaped charge to the concave rock at the top of the underwater rock, and then fixed the sandbag and other heavy objects fixed;
  • the magazine is placed by the sinking method, and the heavy sandbag is used for positioning; the surface mud and scum of the underwater rock surface are cleaned before the gathering of the energy bomb; the shaped bomb is laid from the excavation boundary to the center, and the outermost shaped bomb can be excavated
  • the boundary distance is 1 to 2 m, and the distance between the medicine packs is 1.
  • 1 shaped charge can be arranged in the center of the wellbore, which is centered on the circumference, and 6 on the circumference with a radius of 2m, leaving the excavation boundary 12 circles are arranged on the circumference of lm; on the water surface of the explosion area, a square frame frame is formed by a floating box, and a coordinate line is drawn by a nylon rope, and the coordinates of each shaped charge are determined, and the shaped bomb is sunk by the floating crane. Bottom; Bian with detonator detonating shaped charges, detonating tube Detonation water; twice each blasting, blasting 9 to 10 each shaped charges.
  • the detonating network used for the detonating tube detonator is a cluster network road, that is, two detonating tube detonators are inserted in each concentrating bomb, two The detonators are connected in parallel, and then all the detonating tube detonators inserted into the buoyant bombs are connected in one place with two or three power detonators, and then the electric detonators are connected to the ship by wires to detonate the network.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an underwater blasting shaped energy bomb.
  • FIG 2 is a cross-sectional view of an underwater blasting shaped energy bomb.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the underwater blasting energy-generating bullet. 1 and 2 of the present invention, 1 is a detonation point, 2 is a lifting ring, 3 is a separator, 4 is a casing, 5 is a drug cover, 6 is a plastic bubble, 7 is a connection ring, 8 is mainly Charge, 9 for the pad.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the underwater shaped energy pack. In the figure, 10 is the blasting work ship, 11 is the water surface, 12 is the collecting energy bomb, 13 is the reef, 14 is the detonating line, and 15 is the wireless remote starting device.
  • the first is to rationally select and determine the material and size of the hood, and the type of explosive.
  • the second is the application study of the shaped energy bomb, including the design of the cloth elastic parameters in the field construction, the positioning method and safety performance of the shaped energy bomb.
  • the key of the invention is to apply the onshore energy collecting perforating technology to underwater blasting, and to combine the practical operation of the actual underwater blasting construction to determine the axisymmetric axial shaped energy charging.
  • the shaped charge in the present invention comprises a detonating device, a charge, a casing, and a hood (also called a concentrating hood), the detonating point is located at the top of the charging top, and the medicinal hood is located at the bottom of the charge.
  • the function of the hood is to convert the explosive energy of the explosive into the jet energy of the hood material, thereby improving its penetration ability.
  • the material of the hood must meet the four requirements, that is, the compressibility is small, the density is high, the plasticity and the ductility are good, and it is not vaporized during the formation of the jet.
  • the shape of the shaped charge cover is made of a conventional type of cover material, generally copper, iron, tantalum, aluminum, lead, tin and its alloy materials, or other plastic metal materials and non-metal materials. When the shaped charge is perforated, the effect of the punching of the different types of the hood is different.
  • the blasting effect that we need is not only suitable depth, but also requires a certain range of crushing, rather than simply pursuing the breaking depth.
  • the penetration depth is reduced by using copper, pig iron, steel and aluminum as the material cover material, but the aluminum processing is convenient and the cost is low. Therefore, it is confirmed that aluminum is used as the material of the medicine cover, of course, Contrast the perforation effect, you can also choose copper to make a comparison.
  • the thickness of the hood is determined to ensure the safety and reliability of the package during processing and use, and should not be too thin. At the same time, combined with the processing technology and cost, the thickness should not be too large. Specific data on the thickness of the liner can be determined by routine experimentation.
  • the hemispherical hood forms a jet that is thicker than the conical hood but has a slightly lower jet velocity. Accordingly, in practice, it has been found that the use of a hemispherical liner is preferred for breaking medium strength media.
  • the shaped charge of perforated or broken rock is axisymmetric. From the processing technology, the aluminum is more convenient to use hemispherical processing, and the hemispherical coating has a larger aperture than the conical shape, that is, when the rock is broken, the fracture range is slightly larger, therefore, We choose a hemispherical hood.
  • the processed hood requires uniform thickness and regular shaping, and the hood is smooth and burr-free (to prevent the burr from cutting the waterproof plastic bag).
  • the drug pack is located above the blasting rock mass.
  • the axially symmetric axial shaped charge (the cone is spherical or spherical) is determined.
  • the explosive power of explosives has a great influence on the blasting and crushing effect of the shaped charge.
  • Theoretical analysis and experimental research have shown that in the target-breaking test, the main factor affecting the power of breaking the target is the burst pressure. With the booster pressure boosting, the target depth and the pore volume increase. According to the calculation formula of the explosion pressure, the explosion pressure is proportional to the secondary of the density of the explosive and the square of the detonation velocity.
  • the density of explosives has a great influence on the explosive speed of explosives. Therefore, a stable high detonation speed and a certain charge density should be ensured.
  • the explosive speed of the explosives used in the concentrating bomb should be greater than 6000 m / s, and the density is greater than 1. 20 g / cm 3 .
  • An important issue in underwater blasting is the waterproofing of explosives. Commonly used emulsion explosives have good waterproof performance, but the detonation speed is generally not high enough.
  • Special emulsion explosives should be specially developed according to the needs, and certain elemental explosives should be added to the emulsion explosives, so that the explosive speed of the emulsion explosives exceeds 6000m/s. Experiments show that the emulsion explosive can fully meet the requirements of underwater energy blasting.
  • the invention is selected from the group of explosives.
  • the underwater blasting kit should have a sufficient proportion to ensure a smooth self-sinking.
  • the housing has a large effect on the effective amount of the drug applied to the liner.
  • the outer shell is only Iranian in thickness, and its effect is negligible under the explosion of several kilograms of explosives.
  • the radial constraint of the medicinal pack is enhanced, and in the absence of the partition, it is very advantageous to improve the blasting effect of the shaped charge, which is beneficial to the full utilization of the explosive energy.
  • radial constraints must consider the following factors:
  • shell materials such as steel, aluminum, iron plate, bamboo tube, and PVC pipe.
  • the iron pipe with a certain wall thickness is used as the radial constraint, and also plays the role of the counterweight.
  • the steel pipe is used as the outer casing of the medicine package, so the shaped energy medicine package is cylindrical, and the steel pipe type is selected according to actual needs.
  • the following processing is required:
  • the steel pipe is first cut into short length steel pipes of a certain length, and the length can be determined experimentally according to the engineering conditions;
  • the function of the baffle is to change the propagation route of the detonation wave, to change the angle between the detonation wave and the wall surface on the wall surface of the action type cover, increase the compression speed, and improve the deformation energy of the medicine cover;
  • the separator can improve the penetration of the shaped charge.
  • the material of the separator may be selected from inert materials such as plastic, wood, and graphite.
  • the separator size and material can be determined experimentally.
  • studies have shown that the outer shell of the package has an effect on the function of the partition; under the condition that the outer shell is relatively restrained, the effect of increasing the partition on the effect of enhancing the blasting perforation is not obvious. Therefore, in order to save costs and simplify the manufacturing process of the shaped bomb, it is considered that no spacer is provided in the design of the shaped bomb.
  • the underwater blasting breaks the rock mass, and the drug pack is located above the blasting rock mass.
  • the experiment shows that when the water depth is 2. 2m, the blasting breaks in the rock bottom soil with the depth of the drug pack increasing from 0. lm to 1.5 m.
  • the diameter and depth of the funnel gradually increase. That is to say, the closer the drug pack is to the blasting medium under certain conditions, the larger the crushing range and volume.
  • the height of the stent is zero, that is, the shaped charge is directly placed on the surface of the rock to be blasted (cleaning before placing the drug pack) Surface sludge and scum).
  • the gathering point is at the interface position where the drug pack contacts the rock, causing the concentrated energy flow to the rock that needs to be blasted.
  • the non-electric detonator can completely detonate the emulsion explosive by soaking for 10 hours in a water depth of 20 meters without any measures. Therefore, the detonator detonator can be used to detonate the underwater explosives on site.
  • the key issue is that practical measures must be taken to prevent water from entering the detonating tube.
  • the package is of uniform cylindrical shape.
  • the relevant test believes that the ratio of the diameter and height of the drug pack between 0. 7 ⁇ 0. 95 has no effect on the depth of the perforation and the pore diameter; at the same time, considering that the purpose of blasting is not only perforation, the height of the drug pack should not be too large; , refer to the diameter of the drug pack is about 0. 7 0. 95 times design drug pack.
  • the hemispherical hood can be filled with a substance that does not absorb water and has little effect on the concentrating effect of the medicated hood.
  • the present invention employs a foamed plastic as such a filling material.
  • the water absorption of various foams is different, the PVC foam plastic does not absorb water, the expandability of the expandable polystyrene foam is small, the polyurethane foam plastic Good water absorption. Therefore, a non-absorbent polyvinyl chloride foam plastic is selected.
  • the hemispherical foam is first processed according to the size of the hemispherical liner.
  • the blade J is constructed so that it can not be used to exert its drainage effect.
  • the processed hemispherical foam is bonded to the top cover (the bubble is placed in the dome cover) to form a foam and a hood combination. . In this way, the construction of the blasting site is facilitated, and the foaming is not displaced during the construction process.
  • the bottom of the package should not be too thin and should have a certain strength to withstand the water pressure. Of course, it is necessary to make the construction of the drug package convenient to meet the economical and operational safety of the engineering application.
  • the ship is accurately positioned first, and the weights and distribution of the underwater rock are designed to design the spacing of the different weights of the medicine package and the medicine package, making full use of the underwater rock and the reef, which are usually inherently more water-facing and long-term.
  • the surface formed by erosion is uneven.
  • the diver sneaked into the water and attached the concentrating medicine bag to the concave rock at the top of the underwater boulder.
  • the weight was fixed by pressing the sandbag.
  • the boulder had a large reaction force at the bottom of the boulder, the displacement was small, and the crushing effect naturally increased.
  • the diving suit is positioned to be accurate and the contact is firm, which can achieve better blasting effect.
  • the detonating network used in the present invention is a cluster network. That is, two detonating tube detonators are inserted in each of the shaped energy bombs, and the two detonators are connected in parallel, and then all the detonating tube detonators inserted into the shaped energy bomb are connected in one place by two or three power generating detonators, and then After the wire is connected to the electric detonator on the ship, the network is detonated.
  • the cluster connection method to connect to the network the network connection of the underwater blasting is not easy to generate errors, the operation is convenient, and the blasting effect is also good.
  • test rock is an optional piece of granite with a flat rock surface and a thickness of about 2 m, with a water depth of 2. 2 m.
  • the outer casing is a seamless steel pipe with an outer diameter of 273 mm and a wall thickness of 8 mm. Firstly, the steel pipe is cut into a short steel pipe of 250mm length, and the two cutting sections are polished into rounded edges and corners to avoid straight edges and corners. According to the selected steel pipe model and reference to the work ⁇ data, the diameter of the surrounding edge of the energy collecting cover is determined to be 200, and the energy collecting cover It is punched into a hemispherical shape with 2 steel plates.
  • the required energy collecting cover is required to have a uniform thickness, and the forming is regular, and the periphery of the cover is smooth and burr-free; the gathering energy cover and the outer steel pipe are welded as a whole by the connecting ring, and the connecting ring material is homopolymerized. Capable material; Of course, it is conceivable to make the connecting ring and the collecting cover as a whole when the collecting cover is made; thus, the welding process can be omitted.
  • the filling material in the hood is polyvinyl chloride blister plastic, and the foam plastic is processed into a hemisphere with a radius of 100 mm, and then bonded together with the energy collecting hood (the foam is placed in the hemisphere cover) to form a bubble and a collecting cover.
  • the explosive used in the shaped bomb is a cast TNT explosive with a density of 1.56 g/cm 3 and a detonation speed exceeding 6500 m/s.
  • the ends of the steel pipe are sealed by a pad, and the pad is made of 2 to 3 layers of celluloid having a thickness of 1 dish, and a small hole for the detonator is left at the center of the top of the bag.
  • the detonating tube detonator is used to detonate the concentrating drug pack, and the detonating current is used for the DC power source. Waterproof detonating tube is blasted.
  • a single shaped charge pack weighs 12 kg.
  • test hole network parameters are 2. 0mX 2. 5m. Use a diver to apply for a drug pack. Clean the surface mud and scum of the underwater rock surface before placing the medicine.
  • the detonation network uses a non-electric blast network, and the detonator is a waterproof 8th copper shell with a millisecond delay detonating detonator.
  • the entire detonation network is connected by cluster connection. After the blasting, the underwater rock breaks evenly, no big chunks, no left At the bottom, the blasting effect is good.
  • the test-explosive rock is the bedrock (fully weathered rock, strongly weathered rock and moderately weathered rock) of the Xiamen Port Dongdu Channel expansion project.
  • the bottom of the rock is relatively flat, and the rock face is 4. 5m below the reference water surface. 5 ⁇ / ⁇
  • the water flow rate is less than 0. 5m / s.
  • the condenser shell is a steel tube with an outer diameter of 245 mm and a wall thickness of 6. 5 mm.
  • the height of the bomb is 220m, and the gathering cover is hemispherical with a radius of 90 awake and a thickness of 2 ⁇ .
  • Polyvinyl chloride foam is processed into a hemispherical shape with a radius of 90 mm and bonded to the cover.
  • the weight of a single shaped charge pack is 10kg.
  • the explosive used in the shaped bomb is a cast TNT explosive with a density of 1.56 g/cm 3 and a detonation speed exceeding 6500 m/s.
  • the detonating tube detonator is used to detonate the concentrating drug pack, and the waterproof detonating tube is blasted.
  • the parameters of the soft rock hole network are 1. 5m X 1. 5m.
  • the parameters of the soft rock hole network are 2. 0mX 2. 0m to 2. 5m X 2. 5m; To 1. 8m X 1. 8m.
  • the concentrating medicine package is placed by the sinking method, and the heavy sand bag is used for positioning. Clean the surface mud and scum of the underwater rock surface before placing the medicine pack.
  • the detonating network uses a non-electric blast network.
  • the detonator is a waterproof 8th copper shell with a millisecond delay detonating detonator.
  • Each concentrating drug pack contains 2 parallel detonating detonators, and the detonating current is DC power.
  • the entire detonation network is connected by cluster connection, and then the electric detonator is connected to the ship by wires to detonate the network.
  • the rock After blasting, the rock is broken evenly, without large blocks, without leaving the roots, and the circulating footage is 0. 8 ⁇ 1. 2m, the blasting effect is good.
  • the underwater concentrated energy blasting construction of this project has little impact on the structural safety of surrounding buildings, and fully meets the requirements of safety construction for all parties involved. After verification by the subsequent clear reef, no large rock mass of more than one meter was found, the water depth measurement reached the design requirement, and the root bottom was not found at the bottom of the diving.
  • the water intake tower has an outer diameter of 10m, an inner diameter of 8m, 47. 8m, and a weight of more than 3,000 tons. It is 260m away from the reservoir dam and 103m away from the sluice gate. At the time of construction, it is necessary to dig a base of 5 to 6 m at a water depth of 33 m, which is about 500 m 3 .
  • the surface layer has a gravel layer of about 2 m, and the lower part is a weathered granite.
  • the condenser shell has an outer diameter of 560 mm, a height of 500 m, and a wall thickness of 2 ran cylindrical, and is made of a 2 mm thick steel plate.
  • the gathering cover is a hemispherical type with a radius of 220mm.
  • the connecting ring is integrated with the gathering cover and is stamped from a steel plate with a thickness of 4.
  • Polyvinyl chloride foam plastic is processed into a hemispherical shape with a radius of 220 legs and bonded to the cover.
  • the main explosive is a cast TNT explosive with a density of 1.56g/cm 3 , a single concentrating drug package lOkgo
  • the concentrating drug pack is laid from the excavation boundary to the center.
  • the outermost drug pack is to the excavation boundary lm, the distance between the drug packs is 1. 5 ⁇ 2m, and 19 pieces of medicine packs are arranged in each layer, arranged in a concentric manner: 1 medicine bag is arranged in the center of the wellbore, which is the center of the circle and has a radius of 2m. Six are arranged on the circumference, and twelve are arranged on the circumference away from the excavation boundary lm.
  • a pontoon is used to form a square frame platform. Use a nylon rope to pull the coordinate net, determine the coordinates of each package, and use a floating crane to sink the shaped charge into the bottom of the water.
  • the detonating tube detonator is used to detonate the shaped energy pack, and the waterproof detonating tube is detonated.
  • Each layer is blasted twice, and each time blasting 9 ⁇ 10 concentrating drug packs. 8 ⁇ lm, ⁇ The contours were basically neat, and it took only one month to complete the task. i

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, une bombe de collecte d'énergie destinée à une explosion subaquatique comprend un dispositif de détonation, une charge, une enveloppe et un couvercle pour charge profilé, ledit dispositif de détonation étant situé au centre sur la partie supérieure de la charge. Le couvercle pour charge profilé se trouve sur la partie inférieure de la charge et présente une forme conique, hémisphérique ou sphérique tronquée. Le bord inférieur du couvercle profilé est rattaché hermétiquement à une plaque inférieure de l'enveloppe d'emballage. La mousse plastique hydrophobe remplit l'intérieur du couvercle de charge profilé de manière à former un ensemble de mousse et de couvercle de charge profilé. La bombe décrite dans cette invention peut être utilisée dans les techniques d'explosion à collecte d'énergie utilisées pour faire exploser des rochers et des terrains d'épaisseur différente, notamment des techniques d'explosion à collecte d'énergie visant à faire exploser des rochers sous l'eau.
PCT/CN2007/001416 2006-09-28 2007-04-27 Bombe de collecte d'énergie destinée à une explosion subaquatique et son procédé de conception WO2008037156A1 (fr)

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CN200610152535.6 2006-09-28
CNA2006101525356A CN1920472A (zh) 2006-09-28 2006-09-28 水下***聚能弹及水下布设方法

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CN114279277A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-05 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防工程研究院 一种圆环型聚能装药切割***
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