WO2007112964A1 - Novel use of ascorbigen - Google Patents
Novel use of ascorbigen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007112964A1 WO2007112964A1 PCT/EP2007/002858 EP2007002858W WO2007112964A1 WO 2007112964 A1 WO2007112964 A1 WO 2007112964A1 EP 2007002858 W EP2007002858 W EP 2007002858W WO 2007112964 A1 WO2007112964 A1 WO 2007112964A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ascorbigen
- use according
- condition
- composition
- mammal
- Prior art date
Links
- 229930192167 Ascorbigen Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- OMSJCIOTCFHSIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ascorbigen A Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC3(O)C(=O)OC4C3(O)OCC4O)=CNC2=C1 OMSJCIOTCFHSIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- OMSJCIOTCFHSIT-KNUOEEMSSA-N ascorbigen Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC3(O)C(=O)O[C@H]4[C@]3(O)OC[C@@H]4O)=CNC2=C1 OMSJCIOTCFHSIT-KNUOEEMSSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003412 degenerative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
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- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
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- 206010049565 Muscle fatigue Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000001132 Osteoporosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010064930 age-related macular degeneration Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000010877 cognitive disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000004770 neurodegeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 108700032225 Antioxidant Response Elements Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 7
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 102100022365 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 101710104636 NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 108010092364 Glucuronosyltransferase Proteins 0.000 description 5
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- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- FIKAKWIAUPDISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L paraquat dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].C1=C[N+](C)=CC=C1C1=CC=[N+](C)C=C1 FIKAKWIAUPDISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000980 1H-indol-3-ylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2N([H])C([H])=C(C([H])([H])[*])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229960001948 caffeine Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatine Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])N(C)CC([O-])=O CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VFLDPWHFBUODDF-FCXRPNKRSA-N curcumin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(\C=C\C(=O)CC(=O)\C=C\C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 VFLDPWHFBUODDF-FCXRPNKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SUVMJBTUFCVSAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulforaphane Chemical compound CS(=O)CCCCN=C=S SUVMJBTUFCVSAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical compound NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RUVINXPYWBROJD-ONEGZZNKSA-N trans-anethole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(\C=C\C)C=C1 RUVINXPYWBROJD-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002103 transcriptional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-O (R)-carnitinium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C[C@H](O)CC(O)=O PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-O 0.000 description 1
- XQZVZULJKVALRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isothiocyanato-6-(methylsulfinyl)hexane Chemical compound CS(=O)CCCCCCN=C=S XQZVZULJKVALRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URZUAHXELZUWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-bromophenyl)chromen-4-one Chemical compound C1=CC(Br)=CC=C1C1=CC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O1 URZUAHXELZUWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZENMJMJWQSSNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione Chemical compound S=C1C=CSS1 LZENMJMJWQSSNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002774 Maltodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- VREFGVBLTWBCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alprazolam Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2N2C(C)=NN=C2CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VREFGVBLTWBCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940011037 anethole Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- IVYPNXXAYMYVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-methanol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CO)=CNC2=C1 IVYPNXXAYMYVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N inositol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CKNAQFVBEHDJQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oltipraz Chemical compound S1SC(=S)C(C)=C1C1=CN=CC=N1 CKNAQFVBEHDJQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RUVINXPYWBROJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-methoxyphenyl Natural products COC1=CC=C(C=CC)C=C1 RUVINXPYWBROJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWUARLUWKZWEBQ-VQHVLOKHSA-N phenethyl caffeate Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1\C=C\C(=O)OCCC1=CC=CC=C1 SWUARLUWKZWEBQ-VQHVLOKHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWUARLUWKZWEBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylethyl ester of caffeic acid Natural products C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1C=CC(=O)OCCC1=CC=CC=C1 SWUARLUWKZWEBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000029279 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
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- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229960005559 sulforaphane Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/31—Brassicaceae or Cruciferae (Mustard family), e.g. broccoli, cabbage or kohlrabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
- A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
- A61K31/404—Indoles, e.g. pindolol
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel use of ascorbigen; in particular it relates to the use of ascorbigen to inhibit, prevent and/or hinder the development of chronic and/or degenerative conditions in a mammal.
- Ascorbigen is a known indol derivative which can be isolated from cabbage juice or synthetically prepared from ascorbic acid and 3-hydroxymethylindole.
- ascorbigen is a mixture of 2-C(1 H-indol-3-ylmethyl)- ⁇ -L-lyxo-3- hexulofuranosonic acid ⁇ -lactone and 2-C(1 H-indol-3-ylmethyl)- ⁇ -L-xylo-3- hexulofuranosonic acid ⁇ -lactone.
- the term "ascorbigen” comprises the particular enantiomeres each individually as well as the above mentioned mixture and (stereo-) isomers and mixtures thereof.
- ARE antioxidant response element
- Nrf2 which is normally sequestered in the cytoplasm by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Kepti ), dissociates from it upon exposure to ARE-mediated inducers, translocates to the nucleus, complexes with other nuclear factors, and binds to ARE.
- ARE-regulated gene products include Phase Il enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 , UDP- glucuronosyltransferase, gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase, and hemeoxygenase-1.
- ARE activators such as oltipraz, anethole dithiolethione, sulforaphane, 6-methylsulphinylhexyl isothiocyanate, curcumin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, 4'-bromoflavone, etc. are considered to have a potential in (chemo-) preventing and/or hindering the development of cancer, degenerative agents, etc.
- CONFIRMATION COPY processes and/or age related diseases in a mammal, including neurological decay, Alzheimer, increasing oxidative stress, muscle decay.
- the present invention relates to the use of ascorbigen to inhibit, prevent and/or hinder the development of chronic and/or degenerative conditions in a mammal.
- the invention relates to a method of inhibiting, preventing and/or hindering the development of chronic and/or degenerative conditions in a mammal, which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of ascorbigen.
- chronic and/or degenerative conditions include neurodegenerative diseases such as neurological decay, Alzheimer's disease or cognitive impairment; eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, muscle decay, and muscle fatigue; and conditions associated with bone decay such as osteoporosis.
- mammals are preferably humans, the invention is not limited to humans but includes other mammals, especially pets such as horses, dogs, cats and/or small animals, e.g. hamsters and/or guinea pigs.
- ascorbigen may be administered to, e.g., a human adult (weighing about 70 kg) in an amount of up to about 10 to 1000 mg/day in one or several dosage units or servings.
- the dosage for a human adult (weighing about 70 kg) is up to about 500 mg/day, especially up to about 100 to 200 mg/day.
- the amount of ascorbigen contained therein is suitably no less than about 50 mg per serving. In another embodiment of the invention such amount is no less than about 100 mg per serving.
- ascorbigen is administered as a pharmaceutical formulation such formulation may contain up to about 500 mg per solid dosage unit, e.g. per capsule.
- serving denotes an amount of food and/or beverage normally ingested by a human adult with a meal at a time and may range, e.g., from about 100 g to about 500 g food and/or beverage.
- composition according to the present invention can preferably be a nutraceutical composition.
- nutraceutical as used herein denotes usefulness in both, the nutritional and pharmaceutical field of application.
- “nutraceutical compositions” according to the present invention can serve as supplements to food, feed and beverages, dietary supplements and as pharmaceutical formulations which may be solid - such as capsules - or liquid - such as solutions or suspensions. It is evident from the foregoing that the term “nutraceutical composition” also comprises food, feed and beverages containing ascorbigen.
- a multi-vitamin and mineral supplement may be added to the compositions according to the present invention, e.g. to maintain a good balanced nutrition or to obtain an adequate amount of an essential nutrient missing in some diets.
- the multi-vitamin and mineral supplement may also be useful for disease prevention and protection against nutritional losses and deficiencies due to lifestyle patterns and common inadequate dietary patterns sometimes observed in diabetes.
- the composition according to the present invention can be a food or beverage composition.
- Beverages can be e.g. sports drinks, energy drinks or other soft drinks, or any other suitable beverage preparation, e.g. joghurt drinks, hot beverages or soups.
- the beverage is an "instant beverage", i.e. a beverage which is produced - normally by the consumer themself - by stirring a powder into a liquid, usually milk or water.
- Sports drink a beverage is meant which is consumed before, during and/or after physical exercise, mainly to hydrate as well as to (re-) store electrolytes, sugar and other nutrients. Sports drinks are usually isotonic, meaning they contain the same proportions of nutrients as found in the human body.
- Energy drinks are beverages which contain (legal) stimulants, vitamins (especially B vitamins) and/or minerals with the intent to give the user a burst of energy.
- Common ingredients include caffeine, guarana (caffeine from the Guarana plant) and/or taurine, various forms of ginseng, maltodextrin, inositol, carnitine, creatine, glucuronolactone, coenzyme Q10 and/or ginkgo biloba.
- Some may contain high levels of sugar, or glucose, whereas others are sweetened completely or partially with a sugar alcohol and/or an artificial sweetener like Ca-cyclamate or Aspartame. Many such beverages are flavored and/or colored.
- a soft drink is a drink that does not contain alcohol.
- the term is used only for cold beverages. Hot chocolate, tea, and coffee are not considered soft drinks.
- the term includes carbonated and non-carbonated drinks, e.g. mineral water or so-called “near water drinks", i.e. water-based beverages which have an additional benefit, e.g. a special flavor and/or further (functional) ingredients.
- a "near water drink” is a mixture of water with very little juice.
- Figure 1 shows the effect of ascorbigen stimulation on NADPH: Quinone oxidoreductase (NADPH:QO1 ) RNA expression in HepG2 cells.
- the y-axis shows the fold induction. Data are average out of 3 independent experiments. * p ⁇ 0.05.
- Figure 2 shows the effect of ascorbigen stimulation on NADPH: Quinone oxidoreductase (NADPH:QO1 ) enzymatic activity in HepG2 cells.
- the y-axis shows the induction in %. Data are average out of 3 independent experiments. * p ⁇ 0.05.
- Figure 3 shows the effect of ascorbigen against free radical challenge (Paraquat) on HepG2 cells survival.
- the y-axis shows the survival rate in %. Data are average out of 3 independent experiments. p ⁇ 0.05 O Control (untreated) t Paraquat 500 ⁇ M
- Figure 4 shows the effect of ascorbigen supplementation on RNA expression of NADPH: Quinone oxidoreductase 1 (N:QO1 ) and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase in rat liver.
- the y-axis shows the fold induction.
- Figure 5 shows the effect of ascorbigen supplementation on NADPH: Quinone oxidoreductase 1 (N:QO1 ) and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase enzymatic activity in rat liver.
- the y-axis shows the induction rate in %. * p ⁇ 0.05
- Liver cells HepG2 were treated with physiological amount of ascorbigen in a dose-dependent fashion for 16 hours. Cells were harvested and RNA isolated. The enzyme NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductasel (NQO1 ) was chosen as a representative for the family of phase Il enzymes. Quantification of NQO1 transcript was performed by real time PCR TaqMan®. Likewise, cells were harvested after stimulation with ascorbigen and the enzymatic activity of NQO1 was measured.
- RNA and cellular microsomes were fractionated, isolated and stored at -80 0 C.
- Transcriptional activation of the phase Il enzyme representatives NADPH:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 and Glutathione-S-Transferase was assessed by quantitative PCR. Enzymatic activity was measured based on appropriate assays.
- compositions may be prepared by conventional formulation procedures.
- Soft gelatin capsules are prepared by conventional procedures containing as active ingredient 100 mg of ascorbigen per capsule.
- Hard gelatin capsules are prepared by conventional procedures containing as active ingredient 100 mg of ascorbigen per capsule.
- Food items may be prepared by conventional procedures containing ascorbigen in an amount of 50 mg to 500 mg per serving.
- examples of such food items are soft drinks, bread, cookies, yoghurt, ice cream, and sweets.
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Abstract
Use of ascorbigen to inhibit, prevent and/or hinder the development of chronic and/or degenerative conditions in a mammal.
Description
Novel use of Ascorbigen
The present invention relates to a novel use of ascorbigen; in particular it relates to the use of ascorbigen to inhibit, prevent and/or hinder the development of chronic and/or degenerative conditions in a mammal.
Ascorbigen is a known indol derivative which can be isolated from cabbage juice or synthetically prepared from ascorbic acid and 3-hydroxymethylindole. By systematic nomenclature, ascorbigen is a mixture of 2-C(1 H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-α-L-lyxo-3- hexulofuranosonic acid γ-lactone and 2-C(1 H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-α-L-xylo-3- hexulofuranosonic acid γ-lactone. As used herein, the term "ascorbigen" comprises the particular enantiomeres each individually as well as the above mentioned mixture and (stereo-) isomers and mixtures thereof.
Many genes which produce substance that are involved in the protection of cells against carcinogens, oxidants, and other toxic chemicals, are under the transcriptional control of a simple DNA regulatory element: the antioxidant response element (ARE). The signaling system leading to ARE activation has been partly elucidated, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been identified as the key transcriptional factor that serves to transmit the inducer signal to ARE (J Biochem MoI Biol. 2004 Mar 31 ;37(2): 139-43.) It is now known that Nrf2, which is normally sequestered in the cytoplasm by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Kepti ), dissociates from it upon exposure to ARE-mediated inducers, translocates to the nucleus, complexes with other nuclear factors, and binds to ARE. ARE-regulated gene products include Phase Il enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 , UDP- glucuronosyltransferase, gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase, and hemeoxygenase-1. There is strong evidence that increased expression of ARE-regulated genes inhibits cancer development and degenerative processes (Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord. 2005 Jun;4(3):267-81 ). Accordingly, ARE activators, such as oltipraz, anethole dithiolethione, sulforaphane, 6-methylsulphinylhexyl isothiocyanate, curcumin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, 4'-bromoflavone, etc. are considered to have a potential in (chemo-) preventing and/or hindering the development of cancer, degenerative
CONFIRMATION COPY
processes and/or age related diseases in a mammal, including neurological decay, Alzheimer, increasing oxidative stress, muscle decay.
Thus, in one aspect, the present invention relates to the use of ascorbigen to inhibit, prevent and/or hinder the development of chronic and/or degenerative conditions in a mammal.
In a further aspect, the invention relates to a method of inhibiting, preventing and/or hindering the development of chronic and/or degenerative conditions in a mammal, which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of ascorbigen. Examples of such chronic and/or degenerative conditions include neurodegenerative diseases such as neurological decay, Alzheimer's disease or cognitive impairment; eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, muscle decay, and muscle fatigue; and conditions associated with bone decay such as osteoporosis.
While for the purpose of the present invention mammals are preferably humans, the invention is not limited to humans but includes other mammals, especially pets such as horses, dogs, cats and/or small animals, e.g. hamsters and/or guinea pigs.
For the purposes of the invention, ascorbigen may be administered to, e.g., a human adult (weighing about 70 kg) in an amount of up to about 10 to 1000 mg/day in one or several dosage units or servings. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the dosage for a human adult (weighing about 70 kg) is up to about 500 mg/day, especially up to about 100 to 200 mg/day. If administered in a food or beverage the amount of ascorbigen contained therein is suitably no less than about 50 mg per serving. In another embodiment of the invention such amount is no less than about 100 mg per serving. If ascorbigen is administered as a pharmaceutical formulation such formulation may contain up to about 500 mg per solid dosage unit, e.g. per capsule.
The term "serving" as used herein denotes an amount of food and/or beverage normally ingested by a human adult with a meal at a time and may range, e.g., from about 100 g to about 500 g food and/or beverage.
The composition according to the present invention can preferably be a nutraceutical composition. The term "nutraceutical" as used herein denotes usefulness in both, the nutritional and pharmaceutical field of application. Thus, "nutraceutical compositions"
according to the present invention can serve as supplements to food, feed and beverages, dietary supplements and as pharmaceutical formulations which may be solid - such as capsules - or liquid - such as solutions or suspensions. It is evident from the foregoing that the term "nutraceutical composition" also comprises food, feed and beverages containing ascorbigen.
A multi-vitamin and mineral supplement may be added to the compositions according to the present invention, e.g. to maintain a good balanced nutrition or to obtain an adequate amount of an essential nutrient missing in some diets. The multi-vitamin and mineral supplement may also be useful for disease prevention and protection against nutritional losses and deficiencies due to lifestyle patterns and common inadequate dietary patterns sometimes observed in diabetes.
The composition according to the present invention can be a food or beverage composition. Beverages can be e.g. sports drinks, energy drinks or other soft drinks, or any other suitable beverage preparation, e.g. joghurt drinks, hot beverages or soups. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the beverage is an "instant beverage", i.e. a beverage which is produced - normally by the consumer themself - by stirring a powder into a liquid, usually milk or water.
By "sports drink" a beverage is meant which is consumed before, during and/or after physical exercise, mainly to hydrate as well as to (re-) store electrolytes, sugar and other nutrients. Sports drinks are usually isotonic, meaning they contain the same proportions of nutrients as found in the human body.
Energy drinks are beverages which contain (legal) stimulants, vitamins (especially B vitamins) and/or minerals with the intent to give the user a burst of energy. Common ingredients include caffeine, guarana (caffeine from the Guarana plant) and/or taurine, various forms of ginseng, maltodextrin, inositol, carnitine, creatine, glucuronolactone, coenzyme Q10 and/or ginkgo biloba. Some may contain high levels of sugar, or glucose, whereas others are sweetened completely or partially with a sugar alcohol and/or an artificial sweetener like Ca-cyclamate or Aspartame. Many such beverages are flavored and/or colored.
A soft drink is a drink that does not contain alcohol. In general, the term is used only for cold beverages. Hot chocolate, tea, and coffee are not considered soft drinks. The term includes carbonated and non-carbonated drinks, e.g. mineral water or so-called "near
water drinks", i.e. water-based beverages which have an additional benefit, e.g. a special flavor and/or further (functional) ingredients. One simple example for a "near water drink" is a mixture of water with very little juice.
If the composition is prepared in form of one of the following food articles it is according to the present invention advantageous if the amount of ascorbigen in the composition is selected from the ranges given in the following table:
If the composition is prepared in form of a capsule it is according to the present invention advantageous if the amount of ascorbigen is selected from the ranges given in the following table:
Figure 1 shows the effect of ascorbigen stimulation on NADPH: Quinone oxidoreductase (NADPH:QO1 ) RNA expression in HepG2 cells. The y-axis shows the fold induction. Data are average out of 3 independent experiments. * p< 0.05.
Figure 2 shows the effect of ascorbigen stimulation on NADPH: Quinone oxidoreductase (NADPH:QO1 ) enzymatic activity in HepG2 cells. The y-axis shows the induction in %. Data are average out of 3 independent experiments. * p< 0.05.
Figure 3 shows the effect of ascorbigen against free radical challenge (Paraquat) on HepG2 cells survival. The y-axis shows the survival rate in %. Data are average out of 3 independent experiments. p< 0.05 O Control (untreated) t Paraquat 500μM
X Paraquat 500μM + ascorbigen 100μM
Figure 4 shows the effect of ascorbigen supplementation on RNA expression of NADPH: Quinone oxidoreductase 1 (N:QO1 ) and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase in rat liver. The y-axis shows the fold induction. p< 0.05
O Control (untreated)
▲ N:QO1 (ascorbigen) | UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (ascorbigen)
Figure 5 shows the effect of ascorbigen supplementation on NADPH: Quinone oxidoreductase 1 (N:QO1 ) and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase enzymatic activity in rat liver. The y-axis shows the induction rate in %. * p< 0.05
O Control (untreated)
A N:QO1 (ascorbigen)
| UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (ascorbigen)
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Examples:
The efficacy of ascorbigen in the selective activation of phase Il enzymes in vitro and in vivo was demonstrated as shown by tests set forth below.
In vitro test model
Liver cells HepG2 were treated with physiological amount of ascorbigen in a dose- dependent fashion for 16 hours. Cells were harvested and RNA isolated. The enzyme NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductasel (NQO1 ) was chosen as a representative for the family of phase Il enzymes. Quantification of NQO1 transcript was performed by real time PCR TaqMan®. Likewise, cells were harvested after stimulation with ascorbigen and the enzymatic activity of NQO1 was measured.
Results
Compared to control cells (no treatment), cells stimulated with increasing amount of ascorbigen show a dose-dependent increase of NQO1 transcriptional activity (Figure 1). These results are also confirmed at the enzymatic level with a significant increase of NQO1 activity (Figure 2).
In vivo test model Male Wistar rats weighing 200 - 220 g, after 4 days of labor acclimation were randomized into groups of 10 animals. Following treatment groups have been analyzed i) Control animals receiving placebo, ii) Test animals receiving 5mg/rat/day of Ascorbigen. The compound was administrated daily by gavages for 7 consecutive days. Food and water were given ad libitum during the experiment. The activation of phase Il enzymes was measured as following:
Livers were collected; RNA and cellular microsomes were fractionated, isolated and stored at -800C. Transcriptional activation of the phase Il enzyme representatives NADPH:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 and Glutathione-S-Transferase was assessed by quantitative PCR. Enzymatic activity was measured based on appropriate assays.
Results
Compared to control animals (placebo), rats daily supplemented with Ascorbigen, showed a significant increase in liver's mRNA expression of NADPH:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 and Glutathione-S-Transferase (figure 4). These results were subsequently confirmed by appropriate enzymatic assays. Both phase Il enzymes showed a significant increase in their enzymatic activities (figure 5).
Pharmaceutical compositions may be prepared by conventional formulation procedures.
Example 1 Soft gelatin capsule
Soft gelatin capsules are prepared by conventional procedures containing as active ingredient 100 mg of ascorbigen per capsule.
Example 2
Hard gelatin capsule
Hard gelatin capsules are prepared by conventional procedures containing as active ingredient 100 mg of ascorbigen per capsule.
Example 3
Food items may be prepared by conventional procedures containing ascorbigen in an amount of 50 mg to 500 mg per serving. Examples of such food items are soft drinks, bread, cookies, yoghurt, ice cream, and sweets.
Claims
1. Use of ascorbigen to inhibit, prevent and/or hinder the development of chronic and/or degenerative conditions in a mammal.
2. Use according to claim 1 wherein the condition is a neurodegenerative disease.
3. Use according to claim 1 wherein the condition is selected from neurological decay, Alzheimer's disease and/or cognitive impairment.
4. Use according to claim 1 wherein the condition is an eye disease, especially age- related macular degeneration.
5. Use according to claim 1 wherein the condition is muscle decay or muscle fatigue.
6. Use according to claim 1 wherein the condition is associated with bone decay.
7. Use according to claim 6 wherein the condition is osteoporosis.
8. Use of ascorbigen for the manufacture of a composition to inhibit, prevent and/or hinder the development of chronic and/or degenerative conditions in a mammal.
9. Use according to claim 8 wherein the composition is a nutraceutical composition.
10. Use according to claim 8 wherein the composition is a food or beverage or supplement to food or beverage.
11. Use according to any of the claims 9 or 10 wherein the amount of ascorbigen present in the composition is appropriate to provide a dosage of 10 to 1000 mg per day for an adult in one or several dosage units or servings.
12. A method for inhibiting, preventing and/or hindering the development of chronic and/or degenerative conditions in a mammal which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of ascorbigen.
13. The method according to claim 12 wherein the amount of ascorbigen is appropriate to provide a dosage of 10 to 1000 mg per day for an adult.
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