WO2007108332A1 - 流動微小物質用の輻射線線量計、及び輻射線線量の測定方法 - Google Patents
流動微小物質用の輻射線線量計、及び輻射線線量の測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007108332A1 WO2007108332A1 PCT/JP2007/054665 JP2007054665W WO2007108332A1 WO 2007108332 A1 WO2007108332 A1 WO 2007108332A1 JP 2007054665 W JP2007054665 W JP 2007054665W WO 2007108332 A1 WO2007108332 A1 WO 2007108332A1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/48—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using chemical effects
- G01J1/50—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using chemical effects using change in colour of an indicator, e.g. actinometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
- C02F1/325—Irradiation devices or lamp constructions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K9/00—Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
- C09K9/02—Organic tenebrescent materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/02—Dosimeters
- G01T1/04—Chemical dosimeters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/305—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with electrons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/307—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with X-rays or gamma radiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/32—Details relating to UV-irradiation devices
- C02F2201/322—Lamp arrangement
- C02F2201/3223—Single elongated lamp located on the central axis of a turbular reactor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1029—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom
- C09K2211/1037—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom with sulfur
Definitions
- the present invention occurs in a fluid (liquid or gas) to be handled or present in the water treatment industry such as water and sewage, the food industry, the pharmaceutical industry, etc. It is used in radiation irradiation equipment that irradiates radiation such as ultraviolet rays, X-rays, gamma rays, and electron beams (beta rays) for the purpose of killing and inactivating various flowing fine substances (flowing fine substances).
- Radiation dose meter for flowing fine substance that can measure the dose distribution and Z or minimum dose of radiation irradiated to or absorbed by flowing fine substance, and this radiation dose It relates to the method of measuring radiation dose using a meter.
- ultraviolet irradiation is used as a means to inactivate or inactivate pathogenic microorganisms that are generated or mixed in the liquid. Irradiation is also performed in other countries.
- a radiation irradiation device such as an ultraviolet irradiation device or a radiation irradiation device is used.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 9-503,432 discloses an irradiation chamber having a radiation source directed to a fluid to be processed, radiation intensity measuring means for measuring the intensity of radiation, and a processing chamber.
- the exposure time measuring means for measuring the time during which the fluid to be treated is exposed to radiation, and the radiation exposure rate received by the fluid to be treated are measured from the radiation intensity and the exposure time measured by the measuring means and the exposure time measuring means.
- a fluid treatment system including a radiation exposure rate measuring means has been proposed.
- this method by measuring the radiation exposure rate received by the fluid to be treated based on the radiation intensity and the exposure time, it is possible to obtain individual fluid micro-materials such as pathogenic microorganisms that flow along with the movement of the fluid to be treated. On the other hand, it is impossible to measure how much radiation is applied.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-249,207 discloses a method for inactivating protozoa such as Cryptosporidium existing in water to be treated by irradiating it with ultraviolet rays, and turbidity of the water to be treated.
- the measured value of turbidity and the required UV irradiation amount set in advance according to the turbidity are compared and calculated, the current value of the required UV irradiation amount with respect to turbidity is calculated, and the current value that flows through the UV lamp
- a method of irradiating ultraviolet rays in the inactivation treatment of protozoa that controls protozoa has been proposed.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 64-25,086 discloses a radiation dosimeter having a support force having a microcapsule layer on the surface, the microcapsule comprising a wall and an internal phase, and the internal phase
- a radiation dosimeter has been proposed in which a color dye or a density and density is changed by exposure to radiation, and the radiation dosimeter is supplied in the form of a single sheet or roll.
- it is described that it can be used as a digital irradiation dosimeter in the fields of the food industry and the pharmaceutical industry as an analog irradiation dosimeter.
- the microcapsules only serve as a shell that holds the solution of the radiation-colored dye on the support surface and supplies the radiation dosimeter in the form of a single sheet or roll. Therefore, it is not possible to measure the dose distribution and the Z or minimum dose of radiation irradiated or absorbed on each flowing minute substance by various flowing minute substances flowing in the fluid as the fluid moves.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 9-503,432
- Patent Document 2 JP 2004-249,207 A
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-25,086
- ultraviolet disinfection using an ultraviolet irradiation device or radiation disinfection using a radiation irradiation device is effective, and it is effective as a complementary technology to chlorine disinfection. It is considered to be.
- the dose irradiated to pathogenic microorganisms such as cryptosporidium moving with the drinking water is determined by the ultraviolet ray lamp in the ultraviolet treatment chamber. Distribution inevitably occurs from the best case where the force slowly passes through the close path and receives a large amount of UV light to the worst case where the UV lamp force passes through the distant path in a short time and receives very little UV light. .
- the distribution of UV radiation varies depending on the shape and size of pathogenic microorganisms, including the structure and configuration of UV irradiation equipment, and processing conditions. It depends on the type of microorganism and its infectivity. Therefore, in order to evaluate the disinfection power of the UV irradiation device for pathogenic microorganisms present in or generated in drinking water, etc., know the distribution of the UV dose irradiated to each target pathogenic microorganism, In the worst case, it is essential to know the minimum UV dose that will be irradiated to the target pathogenic microorganism.
- the dose distribution of ultraviolet rays and Z Alternatively, the minimum dose cannot be measured and the dose distribution and Z or minimum dose of ultraviolet rays irradiated to pathogenic microorganisms cannot be determined unless a hydrodynamic evaluation is performed using a complicated computer simulation.
- the inventors of the present invention have formed a shell and a photochromic solution containing a photochromic compound enclosed in the shell.
- the microcapsule force that has a quantitative relationship with the amount of color change is a radiation dosimeter, and shows the peak value in the particle size distribution of the microcapsule.
- the dose distribution and Z or minimum dose of the radiation irradiated to each flowing micro-material by the radiation irradiation device can be determined easily and reliably. I found out that I could do it and completed the present invention.
- an object of the present invention is a radiation irradiating apparatus that introduces a fluid into a processing chamber, irradiates the fluid with radiation in the processing chamber, and irradiates the flowing minute substance in the fluid with radiation. It is an object of the present invention to provide a radiation dosimeter for a flowing minute substance that can easily and accurately determine the dose distribution and Z or minimum dose of the radiation irradiated to each flowing minute substance.
- another object of the present invention is to provide an individual flow micro object in a radiation irradiation apparatus that irradiates a fluid in a processing chamber using such a radiation micrometer for a flow micro substance. It is intended to provide a method for measuring the radiation dose for flowing micromaterials, which can determine the dose distribution and Z or minimum dose of the radiation irradiated or absorbed into the material. Means for solving the problem
- the present invention is a radiation-transmitting shell and a photochromic solution obtained by dissolving a radiation-chromochromic photochromic compound in a solvent and encapsulated in the shell.
- Micro-capsule force that changes color reflecting the change in color of the photochromic solution upon receiving a line, and the dose of radiation and the amount of color change of the microcapsule have a quantitative relationship, and the particle size distribution of the microcapsule ⁇
- the particle size that shows the peak value is set to be substantially the same as the size of the flowing fine substance that is the target of dose measurement.
- a radiation dosimeter for a flowing fine substance characterized by the following: Preferably, the particle size of the micro cab cell R force 0.5 r ⁇ R with respect to the size r of the flowing fine substance to be measured Radiation dosimeter for flowing micromaterials within the range of ⁇ 1.5r, more preferably radiation for flowing micromaterials whose microcapsule particle size is substantially the same as the size of the flowing micromaterial A radiation dosimeter.
- the present invention introduces a fluid into a processing chamber provided with radiation irradiation means, and irradiates the fluid in the processing chamber with the radiation irradiation means, and radiates the flowing minute substance in the fluid.
- This is a method for measuring the radiation exposure dose by measuring the radiation dose applied to the flowable minute substance with a radiation dosimeter in a radiation irradiation device that irradiates the radiation.
- a photochromic compound obtained by dissolving a chromogenic photochromic compound in a solvent and encapsulated in the shell, reflecting the change in color of the photochromic solution upon receiving radiation
- the amount of the color change becomes a microcapsule force having a quantitative relationship with the radiation dose.
- the photochromic solution contained in the microcapsule basically has a radiation dose when radiation such as ultraviolet rays, X-rays, gamma rays, and electron rays (beta rays) acts.
- the photochromic compound is compatible with radiation coloring to form this photochromic solution that changes color with a predetermined quantitative relationship in accordance with the color and, as a result, manifests as a microcapsule color change amount (color change amount).
- the solvent thereof can be selected from those exemplified below and used.
- the quantitative relationship between the radiation dose or absorbed dose and the amount of discoloration of the microcapsules is in a certain relationship, and if the radiation dose or absorbed dose is known, the microphone The amount of discoloration of the mouth capsule (for example, the absorbance) is specified. On the other hand, if the amount of discoloration of the microcapsule is known, it is sufficient that the radiation dose or absorbed dose is specified. This is a relationship that is derived in advance by obtaining a calibration curve. May be.
- the quantitative relationship between the radiation dose and the amount of discoloration of the microcapsules is as wide as possible with respect to the radiation dose, and is preferably present in the region. It must exist in an area that includes the minimum required dose of radiation required for flowing micromaterials.
- the flowable micromaterial is a pathogenic microorganism and the radiation dose required for its inactivation is If determined experimentally, the quantitative relationship between the radiation dose and the amount of discoloration of the micro cab cell must exist at least in the area containing the required dose value, preferably Including this required dose value, it should be present in the region of less than 0.5 times, more preferably less than 0.3 times that value.
- the quantitative relationship between the maximum dose in the radiation irradiation means and the amount of discoloration of the microcapsule needs to exist at least in a region including the value of the maximum dose, and preferably includes the value of the maximum dose. It should be present in the region of 1.5 times or more, more preferably 2 times or more of the value of.
- the pathogenic microorganism as a fluid micro-material is Cryptosporidium
- the value of the UV dose required for its 99.9% inactivity is about lOmJ / cm 2
- maximum UV dose delivered is a 80 mJ / cm 2.
- the color development characteristics when radiation is applied to a radiation-chromatically compatible photochromic compound differ depending on the combination with the solvent that forms the photochromic solution, but the amount of color change per unit dose of the irradiated radiation is compared. There should be a relatively wide quantitative relationship, preferably a linear quantitative relationship, between the dose of irradiated radiation and the amount of discoloration of the microphone mouth capsule.
- Diarylmethenes such as 2,3-bis (2,4,5-trimethy ⁇ 3-thienyl) maleimide
- 4,4'-bipyridyU 1,1, bis (2,4—dinitrophenyl) —4,4, —bipyridinium dichloride, ⁇ , 1-dibenzyl-4,4—bipyridinium dichlonde,
- Viologens such as 1,1'-diphenyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride
- the photochromic compound is more preferably an irreversible discolorant that does not discolor by irradiation with visible light and Z or heating from the viewpoint of handling. If the photochromic compound after discoloration is stable to visible light irradiation, Z or heating, etc., the radiation that is measured by the measurement means such as a flow cytometer for measuring the amount of discoloration of this radiation dosimeter Even if it is not near the irradiation device, this measuring means Since the radiation dosimeter can be transported to a certain place and measured, there is no need to provide a measuring means such as a flow cytometer at each place where the radiation irradiation apparatus is installed. Further, the photochromic compound preferably has a viewpoint in the production of microcapsules and is soluble in a water-insoluble solvent.
- the solvent for forming the photochromic solution is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the photochromic compound to form a photochromic solution. As a result, the discoloration of the photochromic solution obtained by combination with the photochromic compound can be obtained. Since the discoloration of the micro force psal changes, it is appropriately selected and used depending on the type of photochromic compound used or the type of radiation.
- this solvent include, for example, aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene and xylene, aromatic aralkyl alcohols such as benzyl alcohol, ketones such as 2-butanone and 4-methyl-2-pentanone, Water-insoluble solvents such as acetates such as cetyl acetate and butyl acetate, carboxylic acid esters such as methyl methacrylate, lower aliphatic alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and 2-pronool V, jetyl Lower aliphatic ethers such as ether, lower aliphatic ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methylisobutyl ketone, lower aliphatic-tolyls such as acetonitrile, sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, deionized water, etc. And water-soluble solvents. Of these solvents, only one of them can be used alone, or two or more of them can be used in such as
- the selection of a combination of a photochromic compound and a solvent when producing a photochromic solution involves preparing a photochromic solution by dissolving the photochromic compound in a solvent, and irradiating the resulting photochromic solution with radiation to increase the color intensity. This can be determined experimentally by conducting a color development / decoloration experiment that measures and then evaluates the ability to decolorize by means such as irradiation with visible light or heating.
- the photochromic solution is preferably an irreversible color-changing material that does not discolor by irradiation with visible light and Z or heating after being discolored by irradiation.
- BLMB 10_benzoyl-N, N, N ', N, —tetramethy ⁇ 1 OH—phenothiazine—3,7-diamine
- MEK methyl Ethyl ketone
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- the concentration of the photochromic compound in this photochromic solution is appropriately determined in consideration of the coloring characteristics and decoloring characteristics depending on the measurement target dose range.
- a capsule shell material forming a microcapsule shell in which the above-mentioned photochromic solution is encapsulated has been known so far! Because it looks at the discoloration of the photochromic solution contained in it through the body due to the radiation, it is at least radiation transmissive and visible so that the discolored photochromic solution can be observed from outside the shell. It should be light transmissive and preferably excellent in transparency.
- capsule film material examples include gelatin, urea resin, melamine resin, urethane resin, polyurea resin, and the like, and can be appropriately selected in relation to the photochromic solution.
- urea formaldehyde resin or gelatin is preferable, and urea formaldehyde resin is particularly preferable.
- the method for producing the microcapsules to be the radiation dosimeter of the present invention using the photochromic solution and the capsule coating material is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known production method such as a coacervation method is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include an interfacial polymerization method and an in-situ method, which can be appropriately selected according to the type of photochromic solution or capsule film material used.
- the microcapsule used as a radiation dosimeter when the mic capsule is introduced into the fluid, the microcapsule is present in the fluid and the flow behavior of the flowable micromaterial to be measured. Since it is necessary to have substantially the same flow behavior, the particle size showing the peak value in the particle size distribution is substantially the same as the size of the flowable microparticle that is the subject of dose measurement. It is necessary to be set.
- micro force “The particle size that shows the peak value in the particle size distribution” means the particle size distribution of the particle size (horizontal axis) and the number of particles (vertical axis) of the microcapsule. It means the size of the particle size of the particle that shows the peak value, and “substantially the same size as the size of the flowing fine substance” means within the range of ⁇ 10% of the size of the flowing fine substance. Means the case, and also
- the size of the flowable fine substance has a width, it means that it falls within that width.
- the particle size R of the microcapsule is set to the size r of the flowing fine substance to be dose-measured.
- the particle diameters of the microcapsules are all the same.
- the resolution as a radiation dosimeter is particularly high because the microcapsule particle size R becomes larger as it gets closer to the size r of the flowable micro-material, and the manufacturing cost increases accordingly. Except where accuracy is required, it should be in the range of 0.5r ⁇ R ⁇ l.5r.
- the chlorine-resistant microorganism Cryptosporidium (4-7 m) is targeted as a flowable minute substance, it is about 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 3 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m.
- Giardia (8-12 ⁇ m) it is 4 / zm or more and 18 ⁇ m or less, preferably 6 ⁇ m or more and 14 ⁇ m or less.
- a range including the size of both of them for example, about 2 ⁇ m to 18 ⁇ m, preferably It is good that it is 3 ⁇ m or more and 14 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 4 / zm or more and 12 / zm or less.
- the size of the microcapsule is set to about 10 to 20 ⁇ m, and Naegleria fowleri (Naegleria fowleri) The size is about 7 to 10 / ⁇ ⁇ , and the size is about 30 to 38 / ⁇ ⁇ for Echinococcus spp. You may adjust to.
- the range of the particle size R of the microcapsule is preferably the smallest of the flowing fine substance.
- Particle size force Microcapsules with a range that includes the maximum particle size
- the radiation dosimeter, which is composed of microcapsules with a particle size R closer to the size r of the flowing micromaterial, is the same as, or near to, the flow behavior of the flowing micromaterial in the fluid. More accurate radiation dose distribution and Z or minimum dose can be measured and determined.
- a method for obtaining a microcapsule having a size close to that of the flowable minute substance that is the subject of irradiation dose measurement as described above for example, it is manufactured by controlling the stirring conditions using an emulsification stirring method.
- the microcapsule manufacturing method itself may be devised, for example, by adjusting the particle size of the microcapsule.
- the size of the particle size R that requires the manufactured microcapsule may be determined.
- the fractionation method that can be used for the fractionation include known methods such as cell sorting flow cytometry.
- the radiation irradiation apparatus that irradiates radiation rays such as ultraviolet rays, X-rays, gamma rays, and electron beams (beta rays) using the radiation dosimeter having the microcapsule force obtained as described above
- radiation dose average dose, dose distribution, minimum dose
- the following methods can be preferably exemplified as the measuring method. In the following explanation, the distribution of dose and the case of measuring the Z or minimum dose will be explained, but it is needless to say that the average dose can also be measured.
- a method for measuring the radiation dose is, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, in which a fluid is introduced from an inlet 3 into a processing chamber 2 provided with a radiation irradiating means 1, and a fluid is discharged from an outlet 4.
- the radiation irradiating means 1 irradiates the fluid in the processing chamber 2 with a radiation toward the fluid
- the radiation irradiating apparatus irradiates the flowing fine substance in the fluid with the radiation.
- the color change amount is measured by the color change amount measuring means 6, and It is a method of determining the dose distribution and Z or minimum dose of radiation irradiated to each flow micro-substances by spokes ray irradiation means 1 Te.
- the processing chamber 2 has an inlet 3 and an outlet 4 for introducing and discharging fluid, and this As long as it has radiation irradiation means 1 such as an ultraviolet lamp, gamma ray source, electron beam accelerator, etc. for irradiating the inside of the treatment chamber 2, this treatment chamber 2 is also a batch type. Any type of distribution type may be used.
- radiation irradiation means 1 such as an ultraviolet lamp, gamma ray source, electron beam accelerator, etc.
- the individual color dosimeters collected by the above-mentioned method are not particularly limited, and there are no particular restrictions on the discoloration amount measuring means 6 for measuring the discoloration amount. Irradiate the radiation dosimeter 5 with He-Ne laser light 7 and measure the scattered light 8a, 8b, 8c. Can do.
- the photochromic solution contained in the microcapsule constituting the radiation dosimeter is irradiated with visible light and Z or heated.
- the radiation dosimeter 5 collected from the outlet 4 of the processing chamber 2 of the radiation irradiation device is placed at or near the outlet 4 of the processing chamber 2. It is desirable to make it possible to measure immediately.
- the outlet of treatment chamber 2 of the radiation irradiation device may be transported to another facility having the color change amount measuring means 6 for measurement.
- the peak value is compared with the particle size distribution of the microcapsules constituting the radiation dosimeter.
- the radiation irradiation device By doing so, it is possible to determine the distribution and Z or minimum irradiation dose of the radiation dose irradiated to each flowable minute substance by the radiation irradiation device easily and surely. Therefore, for example, UV irradiation equipment used for disinfecting pathogenic microorganisms in waterworks.
- the microcapsules constituting the radiation dosimeter are adjusted so that the particle diameter of the pathogenic microorganisms targeted for killing or inactivation is almost the same.
- this radiation dosimeter shows substantially the same flow behavior as the pathogenic microorganisms to be disinfected in the tap water of the treatment room of the radiation irradiation device, the amount of discoloration of individual radiation dosimeters collected at the exit of the treatment room By measuring the above, it is possible to easily and reliably determine the dose distribution and Z or minimum dose of ultraviolet rays irradiated to individual pathogenic microorganisms by this ultraviolet irradiation device.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a method of measuring a radiation dose using a radiation dosimeter for a flowing fine substance of the present invention.
- Figure 2 shows the relationship between the ultraviolet irradiation dose (mj / cm 2 ) of the photochromic solution (BLMB-lwt% toluene solution) obtained in Example 1 and the absorbance (OD) at 660 ° C.
- FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the ultraviolet irradiation dose (mj / cm 2 ) of the photochromic solution (BLMB-lwt% toluene solution) obtained in Example 1 and the absorbance (OD) at 660 ° C.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the SS channel of the BLMB ultraviolet dosimeter obtained in Example 1 and the number of particles (count value) in each channel.
- Fig. 4 shows the gamma-ray absorbed dose (Gy) of the photochromic solution (LCV-1 wt% 2-propanol solution) obtained in Example 3 and the absorbance area (Abs. Area) at 400 to 700 nm.
- Gy gamma-ray absorbed dose
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the FS channel of the BLMB ultraviolet dosimeter before fractionation obtained in Example 4 and the number of particles (count value) in each channel.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the FS channel of the BLMB ultraviolet dosimeter after fractionation obtained in Example 4 and the number of particles (count value) in each channel.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the UV irradiation dose (mj / cm 2 ) of the BLMB ultraviolet dosimeter after fractionation obtained in Example 4 and the median value of the SS channel. It is.
- Fig. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the SS channel and the number of events (Events) when the fractionated BLMB ultraviolet dosimeter obtained in Example 4 is irradiated with ultraviolet rays. Yes, (a) shows the result measured in the mixed system, and (b) shows the result measured in the stationary system.
- Events the fractionated BLMB ultraviolet dosimeter obtained in Example 4 is irradiated with ultraviolet rays.
- BLMB 10-benzoy ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ -tetramethyl
- BLMBlg was dissolved in toluene lOOg to prepare a photochromic solution (B LMB-lwt% toluene solution).
- the obtained photochromic solution (BLMB-lwt% toluene solution) was introduced into a batch-type ultraviolet irradiation apparatus, irradiated with ultraviolet rays of 5 120 mJ / cm 2 , and then absorbed with an absorptiometer (Shimadzu Corporation U
- the absorbance at 660 was measured with V-1700), and the relationship between UV irradiation dose (mj / cm 2 ) and absorbance (OD) was investigated.
- the prepared BLMB UV dosimeter was introduced into a batch-type UV irradiation device, and (a) Without irradiating with ultraviolet light, or (b) After irradiating with 100mJ / cm 2 ultraviolet light, collect BLMB ultraviolet dosimeter and laterally with flow cytometer (COULTER EPICS ALTRA HyPerSort System Flowcytometer, Beckman Coulter) Scattered light (SSC) was measured, and the discoloration amount of each BLMB ultraviolet dosimeter was obtained from the histogram.
- COULTER EPICS ALTRA HyPerSort System Flowcytometer, Beckman Coulter Scattered light
- the SS channel on the horizontal axis is proportional to the color intensity of the BLMB ultraviolet dosimeter, and the vertical axis shows the number of particles (count value) in each channel.
- the SS channel shown in Fig. 3 As is clear from the relationship between the count value and the count value, the histogram of the count value shows that the SS channel decreases and moves in the direction as the UV irradiation dose increases (see (a) and (b) in Fig. 3). ), A high correlation was observed between the peak channel of the count value and the UV irradiation dose.
- a BLMB ultraviolet dosimeter was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 above, in which the photochromic solution was a BLMB-lwt% Ruen solution and the capsule coating material also had a microcapsule force of urea formaldehyde resin.
- the particle size distribution of the microcapsules produced by this method was 1.0 to 45 / ⁇ ⁇ (90% value).
- the obtained photochromic solution (LCV-lwt% 2-propanol solution) was introduced into a batch-type gamma-ray irradiation device and irradiated with 1.4 to 8.7 kGy of gamma rays, followed by an absorptiometer (Shimadzu Corporation). Absorbance between 400 and 700 nm was measured with a UV-1700), and the relationship between gamma ray absorbed dose (Gy) and absorbance (Abs. Area) was investigated.
- the photochromic solution (LCV-lwt% 2-propanol solution) has a linearly higher absorbance as the gamma-ray absorbed dose increases. A high correlation was observed between the linear absorbed dose and the absorbance.
- the photochromic solution is an LCV-lwt% toluene solution
- the capsule coating material is urea formaldehyde coagulant in the same manner as in Example 1.
- An LCV radiation dosimeter consisting of a microcapsule was prepared.
- the particle size distribution of the microcapsules produced by this method was 1.0 to 35 ⁇ m (90% value).
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a BLMB ultraviolet dosimeter comprising a microcapsule capsule containing a photochromic solution having an average particle diameter of 5 m was prepared.
- BLMB UV dosimeter of Example 4 Using the obtained BLMB ultraviolet dosimeter, using a flow cytometer's sorting function, fractionation is carried out through a sieve of nylon mesh (NYTAL product name: NY-20HC) with openings of 40 m and 10 m. A later BLMB UV dosimeter (BLMB UV dosimeter of Example 4) was obtained.
- the particle size distribution of the BLMB ultraviolet dosimeter before fractionation thus obtained is 1.0 to 45 / zm (90% value), and the BLMB ultraviolet dosimeter after fractionation (in Example 4)
- the particle size distribution of the BLMB UV dosimeter was 1-7 ⁇ m (90% value).
- the BLMB ultraviolet dosimeter before and after the fractionation obtained above was measured using a flow cytometer V, and a histogram of the forward scattered light of the BLMB ultraviolet dosimeter.
- Example 4 The BLMB ultraviolet dosimeter of Example 4 obtained in this way (BLMB ultraviolet dosimeter after fractionation) was introduced into a batch-type ultraviolet irradiation apparatus in the same manner as in Example 1, 20 ⁇ : After irradiating LO OmJ / cm 2 of low-pressure ultraviolet light, the side scattered light (SSC) is measured with a flow cytometer, and the relationship between the ultraviolet irradiation dose (mj / cm 2 ) and the side scattered light (SSC) I investigated.
- SSC side scattered light
- the results are shown in FIG. [0065]
- the half-width of the histogram of side scattered light in the BLMB ultraviolet dosimeter of Example 4 (BLMB ultraviolet dosimeter after fractionation) obtained from this Fig. 7 is 10 channels, and at 100 mJ / cm 2 irradiation Since the median of the histogram of side scattered light is increased by 150 channels, the ultraviolet ray dose per side scattered light is 0.67 mJ / cm 2 , and the resolution of the BLM B ultraviolet dosimeter of Example 4 is 7 mJ. Calculated as / cm 2 .
- the resolution obtained in the same way was calculated as 70 mj / cm 2 .
- one measurement specimen is a stationary system without stirring
- the other specimen water is a completely mixed system that is mixed using a magnetic stirrer under the condition of lOOrpm.
- UV light was irradiated so that the UV irradiation amount on the surface of the water layer was 50 mJ / cm 2.
- the BLMB UV dosimeter was collected and laterally flowed with a flow cytometer. Scattered light (SSC) was measured, and the amount of color change of each BLMB ultraviolet dosimeter was obtained from the histogram.
- SSC Scattered light
- Figure 8 (a) shows the measurement result of the amount of color change due to UV irradiation in the complete mixing system
- Fig. 8 (b) shows the result of measurement of the color change amount due to UV irradiation in the static system.
- the distribution of the ultraviolet ray dose irradiated to the ultraviolet dosimeter occurs (calculated value when the ultraviolet ray irradiation dose on the surface of the water layer is 50 mJ / cm 2 : 50-23 mJ / cm 2 ), and the histogram is relatively producible. (See Fig. 8 (b)).
- the fluid is introduced into the processing chamber, and the fluid is irradiated with the radiation in the processing chamber.
- the radiation irradiating device that irradiates the flowing fine substance in the fluid with radiation, the distribution and Z or minimum dose of the radiation dose irradiated to each flowing fine substance can be easily and accurately obtained.
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- 2007-03-09 JP JP2008506234A patent/JPWO2007108332A1/ja active Pending
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JP2014014674A (ja) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-30 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care Inc | インジケータを使用するuv消毒線量を定量化する方法 |
JP2014186031A (ja) * | 2013-02-25 | 2014-10-02 | Fujifilm Corp | 紫外線感知シート、その製造方法、および紫外線感知方法 |
US9689742B2 (en) | 2013-02-25 | 2017-06-27 | Fujifilm Corporation | Ultraviolet-sensitive sheet, method for manufacturing ultraviolet-sensing sheet, and method for sensing ultraviolet |
JP2017167155A (ja) * | 2013-02-25 | 2017-09-21 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 紫外線感知シート、その製造方法、および紫外線感知方法 |
US10203245B2 (en) | 2013-02-25 | 2019-02-12 | Fujifilm Corporation | Ultraviolet-sensitive sheet, method for manufacturing ultraviolet-sensing sheet, and method for sensing ultraviolet |
US10247603B2 (en) | 2013-02-25 | 2019-04-02 | Fujifilm Corporation | Ultraviolet-sensitive sheet, ultraviolet-sensing kit, and method for sensing ultraviolet |
CN108585319A (zh) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-09-28 | 上海大学 | 利用电子束辐照降解水中文拉法辛的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7956334B2 (en) | 2011-06-07 |
JPWO2007108332A1 (ja) | 2009-08-06 |
US20090045352A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
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