WO2007099257A2 - Moving linkage of a variable compression ratio engine with self-lubricating big end journal - Google Patents

Moving linkage of a variable compression ratio engine with self-lubricating big end journal Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007099257A2
WO2007099257A2 PCT/FR2007/050849 FR2007050849W WO2007099257A2 WO 2007099257 A2 WO2007099257 A2 WO 2007099257A2 FR 2007050849 W FR2007050849 W FR 2007050849W WO 2007099257 A2 WO2007099257 A2 WO 2007099257A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
axis
nut
opening
movable coupling
connecting rod
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2007/050849
Other languages
French (fr)
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WO2007099257A3 (en
Inventor
Hedi Ben Hadj Hamouda
Jean Louis Ligier
Kenshi Ushijima
Original Assignee
Renault S.A.S
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Publication date
Application filed by Renault S.A.S filed Critical Renault S.A.S
Publication of WO2007099257A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007099257A2/en
Publication of WO2007099257A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007099257A3/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C7/00—Connecting-rods or like links pivoted at both ends; Construction of connecting-rod heads
    • F16C7/02—Constructions of connecting-rods with constant length
    • F16C7/023—Constructions of connecting-rods with constant length for piston engines, pumps or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/04—Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads
    • F02B75/048—Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads by means of a variable crank stroke length

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to mobile couplings of internal combustion engines.
  • a mobile coupling of a variable compression ratio internal combustion engine comprising a crankshaft provided with at least two flanges whose inner side faces are connected to each other by a crank pin on which is mounted pivoting a nut, said nut has an opening in which is positioned a connecting rod axis which is stopped axially at each of its ends by a bearing portion of said inner side faces.
  • Variable compression ratio internal combustion engines comprising a mobile hitch of the aforementioned type are different from conventional internal combustion engines in particular by the fact that their piston rod is connected to one of the crankshaft crank pins not directly, but by the intermediate of a second connecting rod, commonly called nut, which is fixed on the crankpin and which carries a connecting rod pin to which is connected the piston rod.
  • a second connecting rod commonly called nut
  • the connecting rod axis is then designed to withstand high mechanical stresses induced by the rotation of the piston rod relative to the nut.
  • Various fastening systems are known for axially maintaining the connecting rod axis relative to the nut.
  • a conventional axial fastening system consists of two grooves disposed at each end of the connecting rod axis and intended to receive circlips bearing on either side of the nut.
  • the use of circlips requires the use of a sufficiently long connecting rod axis which protrudes from both sides of the nut, which increases the overall size of the engine. Mounting circlips on the connecting rod axis is also difficult and expensive to implement.
  • the present invention proposes a movable coupling in which the bearing portion of each of the lateral faces of the flanges of the crankshaft is self-lubricated.
  • each bearing portion forms a circular projection on one of the inner side faces of the flanges adapted to be applied against a only part of one end of the connecting rod pin.
  • each bearing portion is offset axially relative to the remainder of the inner side face of the corresponding flange so that the surface of each end of the connecting rod pin is never fully in contact with the a side face of one of the two flanges.
  • the contact surface between the bearing portion of the lateral face of each flange and the surface of each end of the connecting rod axis then forms a pointed ellipse of small and constant surface regardless of the angular position of the crankshaft, which reduces the harmful friction with respect to the performances and the life of the engine.
  • This contact surface is furthermore offset with respect to the geometrical axis of the connecting rod pin, so that the rotation of the nut around one of the crankshaft crank pins induces a rotational movement of the connecting rod pin in the crankshaft. 'opening of the nut. This rotational movement then makes it possible to create a call for lubricant between the ends of the connecting rod pin and the associated support portions. Moreover, this technical solution is inexpensive to implement and facilitates the assembly of the connecting rod axis in the opening of the nut.
  • the circular projection has an axis coinciding with the axis of the crankpin.
  • each circular projection is a disc which forms a shoulder on at least part of its contour, at its junction with the remainder of the corresponding inner side face.
  • each of said circular protrusions has a radius greater than the smallest distance separating the axis of the crankpin from the contour of the opening of the nut and each of said circular protrusions has a radius less than distance separating the axis of the crankpin from the center of the opening of the nut.
  • the pointed ellipse formed by the contact surface is integrally positioned on one side of the geometric axis of the connecting rod axis so that the rotational movement of the axis induced by the rotation of the nut around the crankpin crankshaft is greatly amplified.
  • each flange comprises a rounded upper wall whose slice follows a portion of the contour of said circular projection
  • the nut comprises another opening, of axis parallel to the axis of said first opening, which accommodates a control shaft connected to the end of a control rod mounted pivotally on an eccentric of a control shaft whose angular position is controlled by an actuator.
  • the invention also relates to an internal combustion engine as defined in the introduction, wherein the cylinder block internally comprises such a movable coupling.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a movable coupling according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the moving coupling of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows a mobile coupling 1 of a cylinder block of an internal combustion engine with a variable compression ratio.
  • This mobile hitch 1 comprises in particular four pistons 10 (only one of which is shown here) intended to slide each in a cylinder separate from the cylinder block.
  • Each piston 10 has the shape of a hollow cylinder whose upper face is closed to form, with the cylinder in which it slides, a combustion chamber, whose lower face is open to allow the assembly of a piston rod 20 , and whose side face is pierced by two coaxial openings which open on either side of the piston 10 and which are intended to accommodate a piston pin January 1. The latter is blocked axially in these openings on one side by a circlip 12, and on the other by a shoulder formed in one of the two coaxial openings of the piston 10.
  • the piston rod 20 of elongate shape comprises at one of its ends an opening mounted on the piston pin January in the piston 10, and at the other end thereof, an opening mounted on a connecting rod pin 21.
  • the piston pin 1 1 allows the piston rod 20 to rotate freely relative to the piston 10.
  • the movable coupling of the cylinder block also comprises a crankshaft 60 comprising along its length a series of four pairs of flanges 62A, 62B.
  • the pairs of flanges are connected to each other by pins V axis coincident with the axis of the crankshaft 60.
  • the two flanges 62A, 62B of the same pair are connected to each other by a cylindrical pin 69 of axis W parallel and distinct from the axis V of the crankshaft 60.
  • the flanges 62A, 62B all have an identical shape with a first portion, on which is fixed one of the crank pins 61, whose slice follows a rounded contour around the axis W of the corresponding crank pin 61, and a second thicker part and larger area commonly called unbalance and intended to balance the crankshaft 60.
  • Two pads 32 in the form of half-shells are applied to the cylindrical side face of each crank pin 61 to cover them completely. These pads 32 have a length equal to the distance separating the internal lateral faces vis-à-vis the two flanges 62A, 62B of each pair so that these flanges form axial stops for these pads 32.
  • this nut 30 comprises two distinct portions 31A, 31B separated along a longitudinal median plane of its central opening and intended to be screwed one on the other, around the corresponding pin 61, by fastening screws 35.
  • the edge of the central opening of the nut 30 has, on each of the faces of the nut, a ring whose free end rests on the inner side face of one of the flanges 62A, 62B so that the nut 30 is stopped axially on the crank pin 61 by these flanges.
  • the diameter of the central opening of the nut 30 is adjusted relative to the outer diameter of the pads 32 so that the nut 30 is free to rotate around the crank pin 61.
  • the nut 30 also has, on a first portion 31A, two lugs extending in planes orthogonal to the axis W of the crank pin 61. These two lugs are spaced relative to one another by a distance corresponding to the thickness of the pierced ends of the piston rod 20. These lugs are pierced with two of said lateral openings 36. These two lateral openings 36 are coaxial and have a diameter equal to the diameter of the corresponding end opening of the piston rod 20.
  • the connecting rod pin 21, on which is mounted the piston rod 20, is engaged in the two lateral openings 36 of the two ears of the first portion 31 A of the nut 30.
  • the connecting rod pin 21 therefore allows the piston rod 20 and the nut 30 to pivot freely relative to each other about its geometric axis.
  • the rectilinear reciprocating movement of the piston 10 can be transformed, via the piston rod 20 and the nut 30, into a continuous rotational movement of the crankshaft 60.
  • the nut 30 further comprises, on a second portion 31 B, two other parallel ears similar to the ears of its first portion 31A and also provided with two of said lateral openings 37 which are adapted to receive a control axis 33.
  • This axis of control 33 has, for its axial stop relative to the nut 30, two grooves disposed around its two ends and intended to accommodate two circlips adapted to bear on either side of the ears of the second portion 31 B of the walnut 30.
  • a control rod 40 of elongated shape is provided at one of its ends with an opening engaged on the control axis 33, between the two lugs of the second portion 31 B of the nut 30.
  • the control rod 40 carries, at its other end, two arms in an arc defining internally a first portion of a circular opening. This other end of the control rod is further adapted to accommodate a connecting rod head 41 also having two arms in a circular arc internally defining a second portion of the circular opening.
  • Two pads 42 are arranged on this eccentric, inside the circular opening of control rod 40.
  • the control shaft 50 also carries at its center a cam 51 formed with it which is connected to control means (not shown) adapted to vary its angular position.
  • control means may for example consist of an arm connected on one side to said cam 51, and on the other, to a rod of a pneumatic cylinder.
  • each bearing portion of the inner side faces of the flanges 62A, 62B forms a circular projection 64A, 64B on these inner lateral faces adapted to be applied against only a part of one of the ends 21A, 21 B of the connecting rod pin 21. More precisely, as shown in FIG. 2, each circular projection 64A, 64B here forms a disk projecting from the inner lateral faces of the flanges 62A, 62B whose axis coincides with the axis W of the crank pin 61.
  • each disk has a portion of its edge coinciding with that of the flange 62A, 62B corresponding and another portion of its edge which forms a shoulder 63A, 63B at its junction with the remainder of the inner side face of said flange, it is to say with the unbalance.
  • This shoulder makes it possible in particular to ensure that, when the connecting rod pin 21 is disposed between the unbalances of the flanges, only a part of its ends 21A, 21B is in contact with the bearing portions of the inner lateral faces. flanges.
  • Each disk formed by one of the circular projections 64A, 64B has a radius between, on the one hand, the smallest distance separating the axis W of the crankpin from the contour of the opening 36 of the nut 30, and, on the other hand, on the other hand, the distance separating the axis W from the axis of the opening 36 of the nut 30.
  • the pistons 10 of the cylinder block according to the invention up and down in their cylinder which causes a translational movement of the piston pin 1 1 and reciprocating rotation of the piston rod 20 around the axis of the piston. piston 1 1.
  • the control shaft 50 is itself fixed so that the control rod 40 can have only a reciprocating movement around the control axis 50.
  • the nut 30 which is connected, on the one hand, to the piston rod 20, and, on the other hand, to the control rod 40, has a movement for rotating the crankshaft 60 around its axis V.
  • the connecting rod pin 21 thus slides along the contour of each projecting disc 64A, 64B of the inner lateral faces of the flanges 62A, 62B.
  • the contact surface between each of the ends 21A, 21B of the connecting rod pin 21 and each projecting disk 64A, 64B has a pointed ellipse shape.
  • the friction generated by the flanges 62A, 62B on the connecting rod pin 21 have an off-center application point with respect to the geometrical axis of the connecting rod pin 21, which causes the rotation of the axis of rotation.
  • connecting rod 21 in the opening 36 of the nut 30 This rotation then creates a lubricant call between each of the ends 21A, 21B of the connecting rod pin 21 and each projecting disc 64A, 64B which allows self-lubricate said contact surface.
  • control means correct the angular position of the control shaft 50, which changes the position of its eccentrics and consequently the position of the pivot axis of each control rod 40.
  • the trajectory of the nut 30 is therefore modified, the stroke of the piston 10 in the cylinders of the engine block varies, which changes the compression ratio of the engine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to the moving linkage (1) of a variable compression ratio internal combustion engine comprising a crankshaft (60) provided with at least two webs (62A, 62B) the internal lateral faces of which are connected to one another by a crank pin (61) on which a joint (30) is mounted such that it can pivot, said joint comprising an opening (36) in which there is positioned a big end journal (21) which is axially stopped at each of its ends (21A, 21B) by a bearing portion (64A, 64B) of said interior lateral faces. According to the invention, each bearing portion forms a circular projection (64A, 64B) on one of the internal lateral faces of the webs and is designed to bear against just part of one of the ends of the big end journal.

Description

ATTELAGE MOBILE D'UN MOTEUR A TAUX DE COMPRESSION VARIABLE A AXE DE BIELLE AUTO- MOBILE COUPLING OF A MOTOR WITH VARIABLE COMPRESSION RATE WITH SPINDLE ROD
LUBRlFlELUBRlFlE
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE AUQUEL SE RAPPORTE L'INVENTION La présente invention concerne de manière générale les attelages mobiles des moteurs à combustion interne.TECHNICAL FIELD TO WHICH THE INVENTION RELATES The present invention generally relates to mobile couplings of internal combustion engines.
Elle concerne plus particulièrement un attelage mobile d'un moteur à combustion interne à taux de compression variable comportant un vilebrequin pourvu d'au moins deux flasques dont les faces latérales intérieures sont liées l'une à l'autre par un maneton sur lequel est monté pivotant une noix, ladite noix comporte une ouverture dans laquelle est positionné un axe de bielle qui est arrêté axialement à chacune de ses extrémités par une portion d'appui desdites faces latérales intérieures.It relates more particularly to a mobile coupling of a variable compression ratio internal combustion engine comprising a crankshaft provided with at least two flanges whose inner side faces are connected to each other by a crank pin on which is mounted pivoting a nut, said nut has an opening in which is positioned a connecting rod axis which is stopped axially at each of its ends by a bearing portion of said inner side faces.
Elle concerne également un moteur à combustion interne à taux de compression variable comprenant un bloc-cylindres.It also relates to a variable compression ratio internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder block.
ARRIERE-PLAN TECHNOLOGIQUEBACKGROUND
Les moteurs à combustion interne à taux de compression variable comprenant un attelage mobile du type précité se différencient des moteurs à combustion interne classiques en particulier par le fait que leur bielle de piston est raccordée à un des manetons du vilebrequin non pas directement, mais par l'intermédiaire d'une seconde bielle, communément appelée noix, qui est fixée sur le maneton et qui porte un axe de bielle auquel est raccordée la bielle de piston.Variable compression ratio internal combustion engines comprising a mobile hitch of the aforementioned type are different from conventional internal combustion engines in particular by the fact that their piston rod is connected to one of the crankshaft crank pins not directly, but by the intermediate of a second connecting rod, commonly called nut, which is fixed on the crankpin and which carries a connecting rod pin to which is connected the piston rod.
L'axe de bielle est alors prévu pour subir de fortes contraintes mécaniques induites par la rotation de la bielle de piston par rapport à la noix. On connaît différents systèmes de fixation pour maintenir axialement l'axe de bielle par rapport à la noix.The connecting rod axis is then designed to withstand high mechanical stresses induced by the rotation of the piston rod relative to the nut. Various fastening systems are known for axially maintaining the connecting rod axis relative to the nut.
Un système de fixation axiale classique consiste en deux rainures disposées à chacune des extrémités de l'axe de bielle et destinées à accueillir des circlips prenant appui de part et d'autre de la noix. L'emploi de circlips nécessite cependant l'utilisation d'un axe de bielle suffisamment long qui dépasse de part et d'autre de la noix, ce qui augmente l'encombrement global du moteur. Le montage des circlips sur l'axe de bielle est en outre difficile et coûteux à mettre en œuvre.A conventional axial fastening system consists of two grooves disposed at each end of the connecting rod axis and intended to receive circlips bearing on either side of the nut. The use of circlips, however, requires the use of a sufficiently long connecting rod axis which protrudes from both sides of the nut, which increases the overall size of the engine. Mounting circlips on the connecting rod axis is also difficult and expensive to implement.
Un autre système de fixation axial de l'axe de bielle sur la noix est décrit dans le document EP 1 510 675. Ce système de fixation utilise les faces latérales intérieures des flasques pour maintenir à chacune de ses extrémités l'axe de bielle. Pour cela, ces faces latérales intérieures sont ajustées l'une par rapport à l'autre de manière à ce qu'une fois la noix fixée sur le maneton, les deux extrémités de l'axe de bielle soient en contact avec les faces latérales intérieures des deux flasques qui le maintiennent axialement. Lorsque le moteur fonctionne, les extrémités de l'axe de bielle glissent alors chacune sur une portion d'appui desdites faces latérales intérieures à une vitesse élevée.Another system for axially fixing the connecting rod pin on the nut is described in document EP 1 510 675. This fastening system uses the inner side faces of the flanges to maintain at each of its ends the axis of rod. For this, these inner side faces are adjusted relative to each other so that once the nut fixed on the crank pin, the two ends of the connecting rod pin are in contact with the inner side faces. two flanges that hold it axially. When the engine is running, the ends of the connecting rod pin then each slide on a bearing portion of said inner side faces at a high speed.
L'inconvénient principal d'un tel système de fixation est que le glissement à haute vitesse de l'axe de bielle sur les faces latérales intérieures des flasques chasse l'huile de lubrification des portions d'appui, ce qui non seulement provoque l'usure à moyen terme des portions d'appui des deux flasques, dégradant ainsi les performances du moteur, mais aussi risque d'engendrer le grippage de l'axe de bielle sur les flasques et par conséquent la destruction du moteur.The main disadvantage of such a fastening system is that the high-speed sliding of the connecting rod pin on the inner side faces of the flanges expels lubricating oil from the bearing portions, which not only causes the medium-term wear of the support portions of the two flanges, thus degrading the performance of the engine, but also risk of causing seizure of the rod axis on the flanges and therefore the destruction of the engine.
OBJET DE L'INVENTION Afin de remédier à l'inconvénient précité de l'état de la technique, la présente invention propose un attelage mobile dans lequel la portion d'appui de chacune des faces latérales des flasques du vilebrequin est autolubrifiée.OBJECT OF THE INVENTION In order to overcome the aforementioned drawback of the state of the art, the present invention proposes a movable coupling in which the bearing portion of each of the lateral faces of the flanges of the crankshaft is self-lubricated.
Plus particulièrement, on propose selon l'invention un attelage mobile tel que défini dans l'introduction, dans lequel il est prévu que chaque portion d'appui forme une saillie circulaire sur une des faces latérales intérieures des flasques adaptée à s'appliquer contre une partie seulement d'une des extrémités de l'axe de bielle.More particularly, it is proposed according to the invention a movable hitch as defined in the introduction, wherein it is provided that each bearing portion forms a circular projection on one of the inner side faces of the flanges adapted to be applied against a only part of one end of the connecting rod pin.
Ainsi, grâce à l'invention, chaque portion d'appui est décalée axialement par rapport au restant de la face latérale intérieure du flasque correspondant si bien que la surface de chaque extrémité de l'axe de bielle n'est jamais totalement au contact d'une face latérale d'un des deux flasques. La surface de contact entre la portion d'appui de la face latérale de chaque flasque et la surface de chaque extrémité de l'axe de bielle forme alors une ellipse pointue de surface faible et constante quelle que soit la position angulaire du vilebrequin, ce qui diminue les frottements néfastes vis-à-vis des performances et de la durée de vie du moteur. Cette surface de contact est en outre décalée par rapport à l'axe géométrique de l'axe de bielle si bien que la rotation de la noix autour d'un des manetons du vilebrequin induit un mouvement de rotation de l'axe de bielle dans l'ouverture de la noix. Ce mouvement de rotation permet alors de créer un appel de lubrifiant entre les extrémités de l'axe de bielle et les portions d'appui associées. Par ailleurs, cette solution technique est peu coûteuse à mettre en œuvre et facilite le montage de l'axe de bielle dans l'ouverture de la noix.Thus, thanks to the invention, each bearing portion is offset axially relative to the remainder of the inner side face of the corresponding flange so that the surface of each end of the connecting rod pin is never fully in contact with the a side face of one of the two flanges. The contact surface between the bearing portion of the lateral face of each flange and the surface of each end of the connecting rod axis then forms a pointed ellipse of small and constant surface regardless of the angular position of the crankshaft, which reduces the harmful friction with respect to the performances and the life of the engine. This contact surface is furthermore offset with respect to the geometrical axis of the connecting rod pin, so that the rotation of the nut around one of the crankshaft crank pins induces a rotational movement of the connecting rod pin in the crankshaft. 'opening of the nut. This rotational movement then makes it possible to create a call for lubricant between the ends of the connecting rod pin and the associated support portions. Moreover, this technical solution is inexpensive to implement and facilitates the assembly of the connecting rod axis in the opening of the nut.
Selon une première caractéristique avantageuse de l'attelage mobile conforme à l'invention, la saillie circulaire présente un axe confondu avec l'axe du maneton.According to a first advantageous characteristic of the movable coupling according to the invention, the circular projection has an axis coinciding with the axis of the crankpin.
Avantageusement, chaque saillie circulaire est un disque qui forme un épaulement sur au moins une partie de son contour, à sa jonction avec le restant de la face latérale intérieure correspondante.Advantageously, each circular projection is a disc which forms a shoulder on at least part of its contour, at its junction with the remainder of the corresponding inner side face.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques avantageuses de l'invention, chacune desdites saillies circulaires présente un rayon supérieur à la plus petite distance séparant l'axe du maneton du contour de l'ouverture de la noix et chacune desdites saillies circulaires présente un rayon inférieur à la distance séparant l'axe du maneton du centre de l'ouverture de la noix.According to other advantageous features of the invention, each of said circular protrusions has a radius greater than the smallest distance separating the axis of the crankpin from the contour of the opening of the nut and each of said circular protrusions has a radius less than distance separating the axis of the crankpin from the center of the opening of the nut.
Ainsi, l'ellipse pointue formée par la surface de contact est intégralement positionnée d'un côté de l'axe géométrique de l'axe de bielle si bien que le mouvement de rotation de l'axe induit par la rotation de la noix autour du maneton du vilebrequin est fortement amplifié.Thus, the pointed ellipse formed by the contact surface is integrally positioned on one side of the geometric axis of the connecting rod axis so that the rotational movement of the axis induced by the rotation of the nut around the crankpin crankshaft is greatly amplified.
D'autres caractéristiques avantageuses et non limitatives de l'attelage mobile selon l'invention sont les suivantes : - chaque flasque comporte une paroi supérieure arrondie dont la tranche suit une portion du contour de ladite saillie circulaire ; etOther advantageous and non-limiting features of the mobile coupling according to the invention are the following: each flange comprises a rounded upper wall whose slice follows a portion of the contour of said circular projection; and
- la noix comporte une autre ouverture, d'axe parallèle à l'axe de ladite première ouverture, qui accueille un axe de contrôle lié à l'extrémité d'une bielle de contrôle montée à pivotement sur un excentrique d'un arbre de contrôle dont la position angulaire est commandée par un actionneur.the nut comprises another opening, of axis parallel to the axis of said first opening, which accommodates a control shaft connected to the end of a control rod mounted pivotally on an eccentric of a control shaft whose angular position is controlled by an actuator.
L'invention concerne également un moteur à combustion interne tel que défini dans l'introduction, dans lequel le bloc cylindres comporte intérieurement un tel attelage mobile.The invention also relates to an internal combustion engine as defined in the introduction, wherein the cylinder block internally comprises such a movable coupling.
DESCRIPTION DÉTAILLÉE D'UN EXEMPLE DE RÉALISATION La description qui va suivre en regard des dessins annexés donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, fera bien comprendre en quoi consiste l'invention et comment elle peut être réalisée.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings given by way of non-limiting example will make it clear what the invention consists of and how it can be achieved.
Sur les dessins annexés :In the accompanying drawings:
- la figure 1 est une vue éclatée en perspective d'un attelage mobile selon l'invention ; et - la figure 2 est une vue partielle en coupe transversale de l'attelage mobile de la figure 1 .- Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a movable coupling according to the invention; and FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the moving coupling of FIG. 1.
Sur la figure 1 , on a représenté schématiquement un attelage mobile 1 d'un bloc cylindres d'un moteur à combustion interne à taux de compression variable.FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows a mobile coupling 1 of a cylinder block of an internal combustion engine with a variable compression ratio.
Cet attelage mobile 1 comprend en particulier quatre pistons 10 (dont un seul est ici représenté) destinés à coulisser chacun dans un cylindre distinct du bloc cylindres.This mobile hitch 1 comprises in particular four pistons 10 (only one of which is shown here) intended to slide each in a cylinder separate from the cylinder block.
Chaque piston 10 présente la forme d'un cylindre creux dont la face supérieure est fermée pour former, avec le cylindre dans lequel il coulisse, une chambre de combustion, dont la face inférieure est ouverte pour permettre le montage d'une bielle de piston 20, et dont la face latérale est percée de deux ouvertures coaxiales qui débouchent de part et d'autre du piston 10 et qui sont destinées à accueillir un axe de piston 1 1 . Ce dernier est bloqué axialement dans ces ouvertures d'un côté par un circlip 12, et, de l'autre par un épaulement réalisé dans l'une des deux ouvertures coaxiales du piston 10.Each piston 10 has the shape of a hollow cylinder whose upper face is closed to form, with the cylinder in which it slides, a combustion chamber, whose lower face is open to allow the assembly of a piston rod 20 , and whose side face is pierced by two coaxial openings which open on either side of the piston 10 and which are intended to accommodate a piston pin January 1. The latter is blocked axially in these openings on one side by a circlip 12, and on the other by a shoulder formed in one of the two coaxial openings of the piston 10.
De manière connue en soi, la bielle de piston 20, de forme allongée, comprend à une de ses extrémités une ouverture montée sur l'axe de piston 1 1 dans le piston 10, et, à l'autre de ses extrémités, une ouverture montée sur un axe de bielle 21.In a manner known per se, the piston rod 20 of elongate shape comprises at one of its ends an opening mounted on the piston pin January in the piston 10, and at the other end thereof, an opening mounted on a connecting rod pin 21.
L'axe de piston 1 1 permet à la bielle de piston 20 de tourner librement par rapport au piston 10.The piston pin 1 1 allows the piston rod 20 to rotate freely relative to the piston 10.
L'attelage mobile du bloc cylindres comprend également un vilebrequin 60 comprenant sur sa longueur une suite de quatre paires de flasques 62A, 62B.The movable coupling of the cylinder block also comprises a crankshaft 60 comprising along its length a series of four pairs of flanges 62A, 62B.
Les paires de flasques sont raccordées les unes aux autres par des tourillons d'axe V confondu avec l'axe du vilebrequin 60.The pairs of flanges are connected to each other by pins V axis coincident with the axis of the crankshaft 60.
Les deux flasques 62A, 62B d'une même paire sont en revanche raccordés l'un à l'autre par un maneton 61 cylindrique d'axe W parallèle et distinct de l'axe V du vilebrequin 60.On the other hand, the two flanges 62A, 62B of the same pair are connected to each other by a cylindrical pin 69 of axis W parallel and distinct from the axis V of the crankshaft 60.
Les flasques 62A, 62B présentent tous une forme identique avec une première partie, sur laquelle est fixé un des manetons 61 , dont la tranche suit un contour arrondi autour de l'axe W du maneton 61 correspondant, et une deuxième partie plus épaisse et de plus grande superficie communément appelée balourd et destinée à équilibrer le vilebrequin 60.The flanges 62A, 62B all have an identical shape with a first portion, on which is fixed one of the crank pins 61, whose slice follows a rounded contour around the axis W of the corresponding crank pin 61, and a second thicker part and larger area commonly called unbalance and intended to balance the crankshaft 60.
Deux coussinets 32 en forme de demi-coques s'appliquent sur la face latérale cylindrique de chaque maneton 61 pour les recouvrir intégralement. Ces coussinets 32 présentent une longueur égale à la distance séparant les faces latérales intérieures en vis-à-vis des deux flasques 62A, 62B de chaque paire si bien que ces flasques forment des arrêts axiaux pour ces coussinets 32.Two pads 32 in the form of half-shells are applied to the cylindrical side face of each crank pin 61 to cover them completely. These pads 32 have a length equal to the distance separating the internal lateral faces vis-à-vis the two flanges 62A, 62B of each pair so that these flanges form axial stops for these pads 32.
Une noix 30, sorte de bielle pourvue d'une ouverture centrale et d'ouvertures latérales 36, 37 d'axes parallèles, est engagée au niveau de son ouverture centrale sur un des manetons 61 , au-dessus des coussinets 32.A nut 30, a kind of connecting rod provided with a central opening and lateral openings 36, 37 of parallel axes, is engaged at its central opening on one of the crank pins 61, above the bearings 32.
Plus précisément, cette noix 30 comporte deux parties 31 A, 31 B distinctes séparées selon un plan médian longitudinal de son ouverture centrale et destinées à être vissées l'une sur l'autre, autour du maneton 61 correspondant, par des vis de fixation 35. La bordure de l'ouverture centrale de la noix 30 présente, sur chacune des faces de la noix, une couronne dont l'extrémité libre prend appui sur la face latérale intérieure d'un des flasques 62A, 62B de sorte que la noix 30 est arrêtée axialement sur le maneton 61 par ces flasques.More precisely, this nut 30 comprises two distinct portions 31A, 31B separated along a longitudinal median plane of its central opening and intended to be screwed one on the other, around the corresponding pin 61, by fastening screws 35. The edge of the central opening of the nut 30 has, on each of the faces of the nut, a ring whose free end rests on the inner side face of one of the flanges 62A, 62B so that the nut 30 is stopped axially on the crank pin 61 by these flanges.
En outre, le diamètre de l'ouverture centrale de la noix 30 est ajusté par rapport au diamètre extérieur des coussinets 32 de telle sorte que la noix 30 est libre en rotation autour du maneton 61.In addition, the diameter of the central opening of the nut 30 is adjusted relative to the outer diameter of the pads 32 so that the nut 30 is free to rotate around the crank pin 61.
La noix 30 comporte par ailleurs, sur une première partie 31 A, deux oreilles s'étendant dans des plans orthogonaux à l'axe W du maneton 61 . Ces deux oreilles sont espacées l'une par rapport à l'autre d'une distance correspondant à l'épaisseur des extrémités percées de la bielle de piston 20. Ces oreilles sont percées de deux desdites ouvertures latérales 36. Ces deux ouvertures latérales 36 sont coaxiales et présentent un diamètre égal au diamètre de l'ouverture d'extrémité correspondante de la bielle de piston 20.The nut 30 also has, on a first portion 31A, two lugs extending in planes orthogonal to the axis W of the crank pin 61. These two lugs are spaced relative to one another by a distance corresponding to the thickness of the pierced ends of the piston rod 20. These lugs are pierced with two of said lateral openings 36. These two lateral openings 36 are coaxial and have a diameter equal to the diameter of the corresponding end opening of the piston rod 20.
L'axe de bielle 21 , sur lequel est montée la bielle de piston 20, est engagé dans les deux ouvertures latérales 36 des deux oreilles de la première partie 31 A de la noix 30.The connecting rod pin 21, on which is mounted the piston rod 20, is engaged in the two lateral openings 36 of the two ears of the first portion 31 A of the nut 30.
Il est arrêté axialement par rapport à la noix 30 à chacune de ses extrémités par une portion d'appui des faces latérales intérieures des flasques 62A, 62B. L'axe de bielle 21 permet donc à la bielle de piston 20 et à la noix 30 de pivoter librement l'un par rapport à l'autre autour de son axe géométrique.It is stopped axially relative to the nut 30 at each of its ends by a bearing portion of the inner side faces of the flanges 62A, 62B. The connecting rod pin 21 therefore allows the piston rod 20 and the nut 30 to pivot freely relative to each other about its geometric axis.
Ainsi, le mouvement alternatif rectiligne du piston 10 peut être transformé, par l'intermédiaire de la bielle de piston 20 et de la noix 30, en un mouvement de rotation continu du vilebrequin 60.Thus, the rectilinear reciprocating movement of the piston 10 can be transformed, via the piston rod 20 and the nut 30, into a continuous rotational movement of the crankshaft 60.
La noix 30 comporte par ailleurs, sur une deuxième partie 31 B, deux autres oreilles parallèles semblables aux oreilles de sa première partie 31 A et également pourvues de deux desdites ouvertures latérales 37 qui sont adaptées à recevoir un axe de contrôle 33. Cet axe de contrôle 33 présente, pour son arrêt axial par rapport à la noix 30, deux rainures disposées sur le pourtour de ses deux extrémités et destinées à accueillir deux circlips adaptés à prendre appui de part et d'autre des oreilles de la deuxième partie 31 B de la noix 30.The nut 30 further comprises, on a second portion 31 B, two other parallel ears similar to the ears of its first portion 31A and also provided with two of said lateral openings 37 which are adapted to receive a control axis 33. This axis of control 33 has, for its axial stop relative to the nut 30, two grooves disposed around its two ends and intended to accommodate two circlips adapted to bear on either side of the ears of the second portion 31 B of the walnut 30.
Une biellette de contrôle 40 de forme allongée est pourvue à une de ses extrémités d'une ouverture engagée sur l'axe de contrôle 33, entre les deux oreilles de la deuxième partie 31 B de la noix 30.A control rod 40 of elongated shape is provided at one of its ends with an opening engaged on the control axis 33, between the two lugs of the second portion 31 B of the nut 30.
La biellette de contrôle 40 porte, sur son autre extrémité, deux bras en arc de cercle définissant intérieurement une première portion d'une ouverture circulaire. Cette autre extrémité de la biellette de contrôle est en outre adaptée à accueillir une tête de biellette 41 présentant également deux bras en arc de cercle définissant intérieurement une seconde portion de l'ouverture circulaire.The control rod 40 carries, at its other end, two arms in an arc defining internally a first portion of a circular opening. This other end of the control rod is further adapted to accommodate a connecting rod head 41 also having two arms in a circular arc internally defining a second portion of the circular opening.
Cette ouverture circulaire, formée par la biellette de contrôle 40 et la tête de biellette 41 , est engagée sur un excentrique d'un arbre de contrôle 50. Deux coussinets 42 sont disposés sur cet excentrique, à l'intérieur de l'ouverture circulaire de la biellette de contrôle 40.This circular opening, formed by the control rod 40 and the rod head 41, is engaged on an eccentric of a control shaft 50. Two pads 42 are arranged on this eccentric, inside the circular opening of control rod 40.
L'arbre de contrôle 50 porte par ailleurs en son centre une came 51 venant de formation avec lui qui est reliée à des moyens de commande (non représentés) adaptés à faire varier sa position angulaire. De tels moyens de contrôle peuvent par exemple être constitués d'un bras raccordé d'un côté à ladite came 51 , et de l'autre, à une tige d'un vérin pneumatique.The control shaft 50 also carries at its center a cam 51 formed with it which is connected to control means (not shown) adapted to vary its angular position. Such control means may for example consist of an arm connected on one side to said cam 51, and on the other, to a rod of a pneumatic cylinder.
Selon une caractéristique particulièrement avantageuse, chaque portion d'appui des faces latérales intérieures des flasques 62A, 62B forme une saillie circulaire 64A, 64B sur ces faces latérales intérieures adaptée à s'appliquer contre une partie seulement d'une des extrémités 21 A, 21 B de l'axe de bielle 21 . Plus précisément, comme le montre la figure 2, chaque saillie circulaire 64A, 64B forme ici un disque en saillie des faces latérales intérieures des flasques 62A, 62B dont l'axe est confondu avec l'axe W du maneton 61 .According to a particularly advantageous characteristic, each bearing portion of the inner side faces of the flanges 62A, 62B forms a circular projection 64A, 64B on these inner lateral faces adapted to be applied against only a part of one of the ends 21A, 21 B of the connecting rod pin 21. More precisely, as shown in FIG. 2, each circular projection 64A, 64B here forms a disk projecting from the inner lateral faces of the flanges 62A, 62B whose axis coincides with the axis W of the crank pin 61.
Avantageusement, chaque disque comporte une partie de sa tranche confondue avec celle du flasque 62A, 62B correspondant et une autre partie de sa tranche qui forme un épaulement 63A, 63B à sa jonction avec le restant de la face latérale intérieure dudit flasque, c'est-à-dire avec le balourd.Advantageously, each disk has a portion of its edge coinciding with that of the flange 62A, 62B corresponding and another portion of its edge which forms a shoulder 63A, 63B at its junction with the remainder of the inner side face of said flange, it is to say with the unbalance.
Cet épaulement permet en particulier de s'assurer que, lorsque l'axe de bielle 21 est disposé entre les balourds des flasques, seule une partie de ses extrémités 21 A, 21 B est en contact avec les portions d'appui des faces latérales intérieures des flasques.This shoulder makes it possible in particular to ensure that, when the connecting rod pin 21 is disposed between the unbalances of the flanges, only a part of its ends 21A, 21B is in contact with the bearing portions of the inner lateral faces. flanges.
Chaque disque formé par une des saillies circulaires 64A, 64B présente un rayon compris entre, d'une part, la plus petite distance séparant l'axe W du maneton du contour de l'ouverture 36 de la noix 30, et, d'autre part, la distance séparant l'axe W de l'axe de l'ouverture 36 de la noix 30.Each disk formed by one of the circular projections 64A, 64B has a radius between, on the one hand, the smallest distance separating the axis W of the crankpin from the contour of the opening 36 of the nut 30, and, on the other hand, on the other hand, the distance separating the axis W from the axis of the opening 36 of the nut 30.
En fonctionnement, les pistons 10 du bloc cylindres selon l'invention montent et descendent dans leur cylindre ce qui provoque un mouvement de translation de l'axe de piston 1 1 et de rotation alternatif de la bielle de piston 20 autour de l'axe de piston 1 1 . L'arbre de commande 50 est quant à lui fixe si bien que la bielle de commande 40 ne peut présenter qu'un mouvement de rotation alternatif autour de l'axe de commande 50.In operation, the pistons 10 of the cylinder block according to the invention up and down in their cylinder which causes a translational movement of the piston pin 1 1 and reciprocating rotation of the piston rod 20 around the axis of the piston. piston 1 1. The control shaft 50 is itself fixed so that the control rod 40 can have only a reciprocating movement around the control axis 50.
Par conséquent, la noix 30 qui est liée, d'une part, à la bielle de piston 20, et, d'autre part, à la biellette de commande 40, présente un mouvement permettant d'entraîner en rotation le vilebrequin 60 autour de son axe V.Therefore, the nut 30 which is connected, on the one hand, to the piston rod 20, and, on the other hand, to the control rod 40, has a movement for rotating the crankshaft 60 around its axis V.
L'axe de bielle 21 glisse donc le long du contour de chaque disque en saillie 64A, 64B des faces latérales intérieures des flasques 62A, 62B.The connecting rod pin 21 thus slides along the contour of each projecting disc 64A, 64B of the inner lateral faces of the flanges 62A, 62B.
La surface de contact entre chacune des extrémités 21 A, 21 B de l'axe de bielle 21 et chaque disque en saillie 64A, 64B présente une forme d'ellipse pointue. Ainsi, les frottements engendrés par les flasques 62A, 62B sur l'axe de bielle 21 possèdent un point d'application décentré par rapport à l'axe géométrique de l'axe de bielle 21 , ce qui provoque la rotation de l'axe de bielle 21 dans l'ouverture 36 de la noix 30. Cette rotation crée alors un appel de lubrifiant entre chacune des extrémités 21 A, 21 B de l'axe de bielle 21 et chaque disque en saillie 64A, 64B qui permet d'autolubrifier ladite surface de contact.The contact surface between each of the ends 21A, 21B of the connecting rod pin 21 and each projecting disk 64A, 64B has a pointed ellipse shape. Thus, the friction generated by the flanges 62A, 62B on the connecting rod pin 21 have an off-center application point with respect to the geometrical axis of the connecting rod pin 21, which causes the rotation of the axis of rotation. connecting rod 21 in the opening 36 of the nut 30. This rotation then creates a lubricant call between each of the ends 21A, 21B of the connecting rod pin 21 and each projecting disc 64A, 64B which allows self-lubricate said contact surface.
Afin de modifier le taux de compression du moteur à combustion interne, les moyens de commande corrigent la position angulaire de l'arbre de commande 50, ce qui change la position de ses excentriques et par conséquent la position de l'axe de pivotement de chaque biellette de commande 40. La trajectoire de la noix 30 étant par conséquent modifiée, la course du piston 10 dans les cylindres du bloc moteur varie, ce qui modifie le taux de compression du moteur.In order to modify the compression ratio of the internal combustion engine, the control means correct the angular position of the control shaft 50, which changes the position of its eccentrics and consequently the position of the pivot axis of each control rod 40. The trajectory of the nut 30 is therefore modified, the stroke of the piston 10 in the cylinders of the engine block varies, which changes the compression ratio of the engine.
La présente invention n'est nullement limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et représentés, mais l'homme du métier saura y apporter toute variante conforme à son esprit. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown, but the skilled person will be able to make any variant within his mind.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Attelage mobile (1 ) d'un moteur à combustion interne à taux de compression variable comportant un vilebrequin (60) pourvu d'au moins deux flasques (62A, 62B) dont les faces latérales intérieures sont liées l'une à l'autre par un maneton (61 ) sur lequel est monté pivotant une noix (30), ladite noix (30) comporte une ouverture (36) dans laquelle est positionné un axe de bielle (21 ) qui est arrêté axialement à chacune de ses extrémités (21 A, 21 B) par une portion d'appui (64A, 64B) desdites faces latérales intérieures, caractérisé en ce que chaque portion d'appui forme une saillie circulaire (64A, 64B) sur une des faces latérales intérieures des flasques (62A, 62B) adaptée à s'appliquer contre une partie seulement d'une des extrémités (21 A, 21 B) de l'axe de bielle (21 ).1. Mobile coupling (1) of a variable compression ratio internal combustion engine comprising a crankshaft (60) provided with at least two flanges (62A, 62B) whose inner side faces are connected to each other by a crankpin (61) on which is pivotally mounted a nut (30), said nut (30) has an opening (36) in which is positioned a connecting rod axis (21) which is axially stopped at each of its ends (21 A , B) by a bearing portion (64A, 64B) of said inner side faces, characterized in that each bearing portion forms a circular projection (64A, 64B) on one of the inner side faces of the flanges (62A, 62B). ) adapted to be applied against only a part of one end (21 A, 21 B) of the connecting rod pin (21).
2. Attelage mobile (1 ) selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la saillie circulaire (64A, 64B) présente un axe confondu avec l'axe du maneton (W).2. movable coupling (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the circular projection (64A, 64B) has an axis coinciding with the axis of the crank pin (W).
3. Attelage mobile (1 ) selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que chaque saillie circulaire (64A, 64B) est un disque qui forme un épaulement3. movable coupling (1) according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that each circular projection (64A, 64B) is a disc which forms a shoulder
(63A, 63B) sur au moins une partie de son contour, à sa jonction avec le restant de la face latérale intérieure correspondante.(63A, 63B) on at least a portion of its contour, at its junction with the remainder of the corresponding inner side face.
4. Attelage mobile (1 ) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que chacune desdites saillies circulaires (64A, 64B) présente un rayon supérieur à la plus petite distance séparant l'axe du maneton (W) du contour de l'ouverture (36) de la noix (30).4. movable coupling (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each of said circular projections (64A, 64B) has a radius greater than the smallest distance between the axis of the crankpin (W) contour the opening (36) of the nut (30).
5. Attelage mobile (1 ) selon l'une des revendications 1 et 4, caractérisé en ce que chacune desdites saillies circulaires (64A, 64B) présente un rayon inférieur à la distance séparant l'axe du maneton (W) du centre de l'ouverture (36) de la noix (30).5. movable coupling (1) according to one of claims 1 and 4, characterized in that each of said circular projections (64A, 64B) has a radius less than the distance between the axis of the crankpin (W) of the center of the opening (36) of the nut (30).
6. Attelage mobile (1 ) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que chaque flasque (62A, 62B) comporte une paroi supérieure arrondie dont la tranche suit une portion du contour de ladite saillie circulaire (64A, 64B).6. movable coupling (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each flange (62A, 62B) comprises a rounded upper wall whose portion follows a portion of the contour of said circular projection (64A, 64B) .
7. Attelage mobile (1 ) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la noix (30) comporte une autre ouverture (37), d'axe parallèle à l'axe de ladite première ouverture (36), qui accueille un axe de contrôle (33) lié à l'extrémité d'une bielle de contrôle (40, 41 ) montée à pivotement sur un excentrique d'un arbre de contrôle (50) dont la position angulaire est commandée par un actionneur. 7. movable coupling (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the nut (30) has another opening (37), of axis parallel to the axis of said first opening (36), which accommodates a control pin (33) connected to the end of a control rod (40, 41) pivotally mounted on an eccentric of a control shaft (50) whose angular position is controlled by an actuator.
8. Moteur à combustion interne à taux de compression variable comprenant un bloc-cylindres pourvu d'une chambre de combustion, caractérisé en ce que le bloc cylindres comporte intérieurement un attelage mobile (1 ) selon l'une des revendications précédentes. 8. Variable compression ratio internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder block provided with a combustion chamber, characterized in that the cylinder block internally comprises a movable coupling (1) according to one of the preceding claims.
PCT/FR2007/050849 2006-02-27 2007-02-26 Moving linkage of a variable compression ratio engine with self-lubricating big end journal WO2007099257A2 (en)

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FR0601686 2006-02-27
FR0601686A FR2897896B1 (en) 2006-02-27 2006-02-27 MOBILE COUPLING OF A VARIABLE COMPRESSION ROTOR MOTOR WITH SELF-LUBRICATED SPIN

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WO2007099257A3 WO2007099257A3 (en) 2013-12-19

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DE102012020027A1 (en) * 2012-10-12 2013-05-02 Daimler Ag Reciprocating piston internal combustion engine for passenger car, has lever element pivoted at bearing position at crank pin, where one bearing position is designed for supplying lubricant to other bearing position from lubrication mist

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EP1215380A2 (en) * 2000-12-15 2002-06-19 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Crank mechanism of reciprocating internal combustion engine of multi-link type
EP1510675A1 (en) * 2003-08-28 2005-03-02 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Multi-link piston crank mechanism for internal combustion engine

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EP1215380A2 (en) * 2000-12-15 2002-06-19 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Crank mechanism of reciprocating internal combustion engine of multi-link type
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CN110159426A (en) * 2019-06-28 2019-08-23 长城汽车股份有限公司 The assembly method and engine of engine
CN110159426B (en) * 2019-06-28 2021-04-20 长城汽车股份有限公司 Engine assembling method and engine

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FR2897896A1 (en) 2007-08-31
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