WO2007062858A1 - Vehicle - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2007062858A1
WO2007062858A1 PCT/EP2006/011546 EP2006011546W WO2007062858A1 WO 2007062858 A1 WO2007062858 A1 WO 2007062858A1 EP 2006011546 W EP2006011546 W EP 2006011546W WO 2007062858 A1 WO2007062858 A1 WO 2007062858A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vehicle
wheels
control device
movement
chassis
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2006/011546
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andreas Paczynski
Ralf Stetter
Original Assignee
Hochschule Ravensburg-Weingarten
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hochschule Ravensburg-Weingarten filed Critical Hochschule Ravensburg-Weingarten
Priority to EP06818945A priority Critical patent/EP1954516A1/en
Publication of WO2007062858A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007062858A1/en

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47LDOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L9/00Details or accessories of suction cleaners, e.g. mechanical means for controlling the suction or for effecting pulsating action; Storing devices specially adapted to suction cleaners or parts thereof; Carrying-vehicles specially adapted for suction cleaners
    • A47L9/009Carrying-vehicles; Arrangements of trollies or wheels; Means for avoiding mechanical obstacles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D11/00Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like
    • B62D11/02Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides
    • B62D11/04Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides by means of separate power sources
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D11/00Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like
    • B62D11/24Endless track steering specially adapted for vehicles having both steerable wheels and endless track
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D9/00Steering deflectable wheels not otherwise provided for
    • B62D9/002Steering deflectable wheels not otherwise provided for combined with means for differentially distributing power on the deflectable wheels during cornering
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0268Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means
    • G05D1/0272Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means comprising means for registering the travel distance, e.g. revolutions of wheels
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47LDOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2201/00Robotic cleaning machines, i.e. with automatic control of the travelling movement or the cleaning operation
    • A47L2201/04Automatic control of the travelling movement; Automatic obstacle detection
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0046Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor moving together with the vehicle body, i.e. moving independently from the wheel axle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0092Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor axle being coaxial to the wheel axle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D7/00Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings
    • B62D7/02Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for pivoted bogies
    • B62D7/026Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for pivoted bogies characterised by comprising more than one bogie, e.g. situated in more than one plane transversal to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0231Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means
    • G05D1/0246Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means using a video camera in combination with image processing means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0276Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using signals provided by a source external to the vehicle
    • G05D1/0278Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using signals provided by a source external to the vehicle using satellite positioning signals, e.g. GPS

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vehicle, in particular for robots, vacuum cleaners, Rajsenffleher or the like., With a chassis which is supported by at least three attached to this wheels on the ground, with the individual wheels respectively associated drive motors and at least one control device, by which the drive motors are separately and / or jointly activatable and to a method for controlling the vehicle according to the features of the preamble of claim 12.
  • Such driven vehicles are controlled by means of a so-called omnidirectional drive system in which three rigid axles are mounted at an angle vop 120 ° to each other on the chassis and at each of which a wheel is pivotally articulated. From the wheel protrude a plurality of rolling elements, such as cylinders whose axes of symmetry are arranged parallel to the direction of the respective wheel, now a drive motor is activated, this wheel pulls the other two wheels on the surface of the ground.
  • the protruding from the wheel of the two non-driven wheels rolling elements slip or roll over the surface of the substrate, depending on the nature of the substrate and / or the direction of travel of the vehicle.
  • the direction of the vehicle can be determined. Furthermore, a limited cornering with a certain predetermined radius is possible if the three wheels in corresponding wise and are each driven to be calculated forward or reverse drive.
  • Wheels excludes such movement.
  • the vehicle can be used and operated with an omnidirectional drive system exclusively on a substrate that has a certain predetermined friction. Namely, if the friction quotient of the background is too low is, slip through the drive wheels, so that no forward movement is possible. If, on the other hand, the coefficient of friction of the substrate is so high, for example in the case of a very rough surface or a corresponding incline, the non-driven wheels prevent a forward movement, since these counteract the forward movement as a brake.
  • a vehicle with an omnidirectional drive system can therefore only be used in a narrowly limited field of application.
  • the control options are limited, since the straight-ahead driving as well as the cornering and the j curve radii to be achieved while driving considerably impair the drive efficiency.
  • EP 1 532 855 A1 discloses a lawnmower on whose chassis three wheels are mounted.
  • the wheels are each supported via a wheel axle on the chassis, which runs perpendicular to the ground.
  • the wheel axle and the center of the wheel lie in a common plane, so that the
  • Fulcrum of each wheel is also arranged in this common plane.
  • Each wheel is drivingly connected to a drive motor and a control device, so that the deflection of the wheels is coordinated by the three control devices.
  • a disadvantage of this known control has been found that a defined predetermined movement of the lawnmower is achieved exclusively by the i control device is switched for each wheel, otherwise the wheels are uncontrollable and thus not predictable deflected as soon as the vehicle is moved.
  • a defined and obstacles observing driving style of the vehicle can not be achieved automatically by the structural arrangement of the wheels on the chassis, since the axis of rotation of each wheel is aligned with the respective wheel center.
  • the control device acts on the deflection of the wheels independently of the Such a change in the deflection or the deflection angle of the boom arms can be made both in the stationary state of the vehicle and during the drive of the vehicle.
  • the wheels can be rotated 90 ° when the vehicle moves along a wall and this merges into another wall in a corner region.
  • time-consuming and complicated constraints are eliminated.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a vehicle with a chassis, on which four extension arms are pivotally mounted, is held by the respective one wheel and a drive-connected thereto drive motor, in perspective view,
  • FIG. 1 shows the vehicle of Figure 1 in plan view, in which the electric
  • FIG. 3 shows the vehicle according to FIG. 2 with a specific deflection of the wheel axles
  • FIG. 4 a top view of a second exemplary embodiment of a vehicle having a rigid axle
  • Figure 5 shows a third embodiment of a vehicle in plan view, which has a rigid axle which is rotatably mounted about a pivot point on the chassis of the vehicle, and
  • Figure 6 shows a fourth embodiment of a vehicle in plan view with a two-wheel steering linkage.
  • the vehicle 1 has a chassis 3 on which a robot, vacuum cleaner, lawnmower or the like can be mounted.
  • the vehicle 1 should be independently and / or manually controlled externally via a remote control.
  • Extension arm 11 attached.
  • the extension arms 11 consist of two profiled rails 31 and 32, which are L-shaped aligned with each other.
  • the first Pofilschiene 31 of the boom 11 extends parallel to the underside of the chassis 3 and is held by a shaft 12 on the chassis 3 pivotable about 360 °.
  • the shaft 12 is rotatably supported in two bearings 14, which are arranged in a mounted on the chassis 3 sleeve 13.
  • a brake 15 is further provided for each shaft 12, by means of which the position of the shaft 12 and thus of the extension arm 11 can be fixed or the movements of the extension arm 11 and the shaft 12 are damped by the brake 15.
  • a wheel 4 is rotatably mounted, which is drivingly connected to a drive motor 7.
  • the drive motor 7 is supported ah of the rail 32 of the extension arm 11 and extends parallel to the first rail 31.
  • the drive motor 7 forms together with the center of the respective wheel 4, a wheel axle 6, which is therefore perpendicular to the pivot axis formed by the shaft 12 5 runs. Due to the structural design of the extension arms 11 it is achieved that the center of rotation of each wheel 4 is spaced from the axis of rotation 5 of the shaft 12.
  • Such a suspension allows the control or deflection of each wheel 4 about its axis of rotation 5 exclusively by means of torque transmission by the respective drive motor 7th
  • a hub 17 is fixedly connected to the shaft 12 in which 12 holes are incorporated for measuring the angular position of the shaft.
  • an encoder 16 supported on the chassis 3 is mounted, through which the optical directions of movement of the turntable 17 are measured.
  • each drive motor 7 is associated with a hub 17 and an encoder 16, by which the rotational speeds and the directions of rotation of the drive motor 7 and thus of the respective wheel 4 are monitored.
  • the signals thus generated are electrically supplied to a control device 21, in which, for example, a microprocessor and / or a software program is integrated, by which the motion signals of the respective encoder 16 are mathematically converted into the direction of movement and speed of the vehicle 1. This can be done independently by the control device 21, a location determination and the direction of movement for the vehicle 1 are voprêt.
  • a control device 21 in which, for example, a microprocessor and / or a software program is integrated, by which the motion signals of the respective encoder 16 are mathematically converted into the direction of movement and speed of the vehicle 1.
  • a GPS receiver 23 and a camera 24 are mounted on the chassis 3, on the one hand the position of the vehicle 1 can be determined by satellite navigation and on the other hand can be detected by the camera 24, to what extent obstacles in the direction of movement of the vehicle 1, can be driven around.
  • the 1 camera 24 sends signals to the control device 21, so that it can be determined by the control device 21, to what extent obstacles affect the direction of movement of the vehicle 1.
  • the GPS receiver 23 the coincidence of the actual position of the vehicle 1 can be compared with that of the
  • Control device 21 due to the electrical information obtained by the encoder 16 and optionally can be made by the controller 21 an adjustment.
  • the brakes 15 provided on the shaft 12 of the respective wheel 4 can also be activated, so that the shafts 12 are firmly held in a predetermined position or at least that the movement of the shaft 12 is damped by the brakes 15.
  • FIG. 4 shows a vehicle 1 'which has a rigid axle 18.
  • the Auslenkungs. and the associated Rangier essence of the vehicle 1 is limited. However, it is achieved by the rigid axle 18, that the vehicle 1 has a more stable overall smoothness, because the wheels 18 connected to the rigid axle 18 keep the vehicle 1 in a preset position.
  • FIG. 5 it can be seen that the rigid axle 18 is formed in two parts and is held about a pivot point 19 pivotally mounted on the chassis 3.
  • the two mounted on the rigid axle 18 wheels can be pivoted about the pivot point 19.
  • Len ⁇ rod 20 are connected to each other, whereby the deflection speed and the deflection position of the two so interconnected Auslegearme 11 is synchronized.
  • Each of the mounting possibilities of the wheels 4 on the chassis 3 described in FIGS. 1 to 6 can be combined with one another as desired.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Non-Deflectable Wheels, Steering Of Trailers, Or Other Steering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

In a vehicle (1 , 1', 1', 1'') , in particular for robots, vacuum cleaners, lawnmowers or the like, having a chassis (3) which is supported on the underlying surface (2) by means of at least three wheels (4) which are attached thereto, having drive motors (7) which are respectively assigned to the individual wheels (4) and having at least one control device (21) by means of which the drive motors (7) can be activated separately from one another and/or together, the intention is that it will be possible to move and control said vehicle (1 , 1 ', 1 ', 1 '') with structurally simple technical means without the direction of movement and the manoeuvring possibilities being restricted. The intention is that the direction of movement of the vehicle (1 , 1', 1', 1 '') will be possible in a full circle, specifically from the position of rest and from the movement position. The resulting field of application for the vehicle (1 , 1', 1', 1'') will be largely independent of the surface quality of the underlying surface (2), in particular with regard to the gradient and the coefficient of friction of the underlying surface (2). Furthermore, a control device (21) for the movement of the vehicle (1 , 1 ', 1 ', 1 '') would be provided, and by means of said control device (21) it is possible to set a movement coordination of the vehicle (1 , 1 ', 1 ', 1 '') which can be calculated precisely. This is achieved by virtue of the fact that at least one of the wheels (4) is rotatably supported on the chassis (3) by means of an extension arm (11) which is embodied as an L-shaped profiled rail (31 ,32), that the first profiled rail (31) is mounted so as to be pivotable about an axis (5) which is directed perpendicularly with respect to the underlying surface (2), and that in each case one of the wheels (4) is supported at a distance from the axis (5) by means of the second profiled rail (32).

Description

Fahrzeug vehicle
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Fahrzeug, insbesondere für Roboter, Staubsauger, Rajsenmäher oder dgl., mit einem Fahrgestell, das durch mindestens drei an diesem angebrachten Rädern auf dem Untergrund abgestützt ist, mit den einzelnen Rädern jeweils zugeordneten Antriebsmotoren und mit mindestens einer Steuereinrichtung, durch die die Antriebsmotoren getrennt voneinander und/oder gemeinsam aktivierbar sind sowie auf ein Verfahren zur Steuerung des Fahrzeuges nach den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes von Patentanspruch 12.The invention relates to a vehicle, in particular for robots, vacuum cleaners, Rajsenmäher or the like., With a chassis which is supported by at least three attached to this wheels on the ground, with the individual wheels respectively associated drive motors and at least one control device, by which the drive motors are separately and / or jointly activatable and to a method for controlling the vehicle according to the features of the preamble of claim 12.
Derart angetriebene Fahrzeuge werden mittels eines sogenannten omnidirektionalen Antriebssystems gesteuert, bei dem am Fahrgestell drei starre Achsen in einem Winkel vop 120° zueinander befestigt sind und an denen jeweils ein Rad drehbar angelenkt ist. Aus dem Rad ragen eine Vielzahl von Wälzkörpern, beispielsweise Zylinder, deren Symmetrieachsen parallel zu der Laufrichtung des jeweiligen Rades angeordnet sind, wird nunmehr ein Antriebsmotor aktiviert, so zieht dieses Rad die beiden anderen Räder über die Oberfläche des Untergrundes. Die aus dem Rad der beiden nicht angetriebenen Räder herausragenden Wälzkörper rutschen oder rollen dabei über die Oberfläche des Untergrundes ab, und zwar in Abhängigkeit von der Beschaffenheit des Untergrundes und/oder der Fahrtrichtung des Fahrzeuges.Such driven vehicles are controlled by means of a so-called omnidirectional drive system in which three rigid axles are mounted at an angle vop 120 ° to each other on the chassis and at each of which a wheel is pivotally articulated. From the wheel protrude a plurality of rolling elements, such as cylinders whose axes of symmetry are arranged parallel to the direction of the respective wheel, now a drive motor is activated, this wheel pulls the other two wheels on the surface of the ground. The protruding from the wheel of the two non-driven wheels rolling elements slip or roll over the surface of the substrate, depending on the nature of the substrate and / or the direction of travel of the vehicle.
Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Aktivierungsmöglichkeiten der Antriebsmotoren kann die Richtung des Fahrzeuges bestimmt werden. Des Weiteren ist auch eine begrenzte Kurvenfahrt mit einem bestimmten vorgegebenen Radius möglich, wenn die drei Räder in entsprechender weise und mit jeweils einem zu berechnenden Vorwärts- bzw. Rückwärtstrieb angetrieben werden.Due to the different activation possibilities of the drive motors, the direction of the vehicle can be determined. Furthermore, a limited cornering with a certain predetermined radius is possible if the three wheels in corresponding wise and are each driven to be calculated forward or reverse drive.
Als nachteilig bei solchen omnidirektional gesteuerten Fahrzeugen hat sich herausgestellt, dass die Bewegungsmöglichkeiten des Fahrzeuges äußerst begrenzt sind. Beispielsweise kann das Fahrzeug während der Fahrt nur unzureichend gelenkt werden, da die Lenkbewegungen entgegen der Reibkraft von mindestens einem Rad erfolgt, wodurch der Wirkungsgrad des Fahrzeugantriebes reduziert wird. Bei der Geradeausfahrt des Fahrzeuges kann dieser verringerte Wirkungsgrad des Antriebes besonders deutlich festgestellt werden, denn zwei der drei Räder rutschen über den Untergrund und lediglich ein Rad treibt das Fahrzeug an. Es entsteht demnach eine erhöhte Bremskraft, die vom AnI rieb überwunden werden muß.A disadvantage of such omnidirectional controlled vehicles has been found that the possibilities of movement of the vehicle are extremely limited. For example, the vehicle can be steered insufficiently while driving, since the steering movements against the frictional force of at least one wheel, whereby the efficiency of the vehicle drive is reduced. When driving straight ahead of the vehicle, this reduced efficiency of the drive can be detected very clearly, because two of the three wheels slip over the ground and only one wheel drives the vehicle. There is thus an increased braking force, which must be overcome by Ani rubbing.
i Bei Fahrzeugen mit einer starren Achse dagegen ist zur Ausrichtung des Fahrzeuges eine bestimmte Vorwärtsbewegung notwendig, wodurch die Verfahrbarkeit bzw. die Rangiermöglichkeit des Fahrzeuges erheblich eingeschränkt ist. Wenn beispielsweise das Fahrzeug in einer Ecke, die von zwei Wänden gebildet ist, ankommt, kann dieses nicht entlang der jeweils anderen Wand weiter abgefahren werden, da die Ausrichtung derIn contrast, in the case of vehicles with a rigid axle, a certain forward movement is necessary for aligning the vehicle, as a result of which the movability or the maneuvering capability of the vehicle is considerably restricted. For example, if the vehicle arrives in a corner formed by two walls, it can not travel along the other wall because of the orientation of the vehicle
Räder eine solche Bewegung ausschließt.Wheels excludes such movement.
Figure imgf000004_0001
Figure imgf000004_0001
Feriner kann das Fahrzeug mit einem omnidirektionalen Antriebssystem ausschließlich auf einem Untergrund eingesetzt und betrieben werden, der eine bestimmte vorgegebene Reibung aufweist. Wenn nämlich der Reibungs-Quotifizient des Untergrundes zu niedrig ist, rutschen die Antriebsräder durch, so dass keine Vorwärtsbewegung möglich ist. Ist dagegen der Reibungs-Quotifizienten des Untergrundes derart hoch bemessen, beispielsweise bei einer sehr rauen Oberfläche oder einer entsprechenden Steigung, verhindern die nicht angetriebenen Räder eine Vorwärtsbewegung, denn diese wirken als Bremse der Vorwärtsbewegung entgegen.Feriner, the vehicle can be used and operated with an omnidirectional drive system exclusively on a substrate that has a certain predetermined friction. Namely, if the friction quotient of the background is too low is, slip through the drive wheels, so that no forward movement is possible. If, on the other hand, the coefficient of friction of the substrate is so high, for example in the case of a very rough surface or a corresponding incline, the non-driven wheels prevent a forward movement, since these counteract the forward movement as a brake.
Ein Fahrzeug mit einem omnidirektionalen Antriebssystem kann daher nur in einem eng begrenzten Einsatzbereich verwendet werden. Die Steuerungsmöglichkeiten sind eingeschränkt, da die Geradeausfahrt sowie die Kurvenfahrt und die zu erzielenden j Kurvenradien während der Fahrt den Antriebswirkungsgrad erheblich beeinträchtigen.A vehicle with an omnidirectional drive system can therefore only be used in a narrowly limited field of application. The control options are limited, since the straight-ahead driving as well as the cornering and the j curve radii to be achieved while driving considerably impair the drive efficiency.
Ferner sind die zur Ausrichtung der Bewegung notwendigen Verfahrensschritte äußerst koπjφlex und schwierig, denn die benötigten Informationen müssen durch komplizierteFurthermore, the process steps necessary to align the movement are extremely complex and difficult because the information required must be complicated
I mathematische Gleichungen berechnet werden.I mathematical equations are calculated.
Des Weiteren ist aus der EP 1 532 855 A1 ein Rasenmäher zu entnehmen, an dessen Fahrgestell drei Räder angebracht sind. Die Räder sind jeweils über eine Radachse an dem Fahrgestell abgestützt, die senkrecht zu dem Untergrund verläuft. Die Radachse und der Mittelpunkt des Rades liegen dabei in einer gemeinsamen Ebene, so dass derFurthermore, EP 1 532 855 A1 discloses a lawnmower on whose chassis three wheels are mounted. The wheels are each supported via a wheel axle on the chassis, which runs perpendicular to the ground. The wheel axle and the center of the wheel lie in a common plane, so that the
Drehpunkt jedes Rades ebenfalls in dieser gemeinsamen Ebene angeordnet ist. Jedes Rad ist mit einem Antriebsmotor und einer Steuereinrichtung trieblich verbunden, so dass die Auslenkung der Räder durch die drei Steuereinrichtungen koordiniert zueinander erfolgt.Fulcrum of each wheel is also arranged in this common plane. Each wheel is drivingly connected to a drive motor and a control device, so that the deflection of the wheels is coordinated by the three control devices.
Als nachteilig bei dieser bekannten Steuerung hat sich herausgestellt, dass eine definierte vorgegebene Bewegung des Rasenmähers ausschließlich dadurch erreicht wird, dass die i Steuereinrichtung für jedes Rad zugeschaltet ist, da ansonsten die Räder unkontrollierbar und damit nicht berechenbar ausgelenkt werden, sobald das Fahrzeug bewegt wird. Eine definierte und Hindernisse beachtende Fahrweise des Fahrzeuges kann durch die konstruktive Anordnung der Räder am Fahrgestell selbsttätig nicht erzielt werden, da die Drehachse jedes Rades fluchtend zu dem jeweiligen Radmittelpunkt verläuft. Die Steuereinrichtung wirkt auf die Auslenkung der Räder unabhängig von dem
Figure imgf000006_0001
Eine solche Veränderung der Auslenkrichtung bzw. des Auslenkwinkels der Auslegearme kann sowohl im ruhenden Zustand des Fahrzeuges als auch während der Fahrt des Fahrzeuges vorgenommen werden. Beispielsweise können die Räder um 90° gedreht werden, wenn das Fahrzeug entlang einer Wand fährt und diese in einem Eckbereich in eine andere Wand übergeht. Folglich entfallen zeitaufwendige und komplizierte Rar giereinstellungen. Darüber hinaus ist es nicht notwendig, dass das Fahrzeug während der Bewegung in seiner Ausrichtung verändert wird, sondern die Ausrichtung der Räder kann unabhängig von der Bewegungsart des Fahrzeuges vorgenommen werden.
A disadvantage of this known control has been found that a defined predetermined movement of the lawnmower is achieved exclusively by the i control device is switched for each wheel, otherwise the wheels are uncontrollable and thus not predictable deflected as soon as the vehicle is moved. A defined and obstacles observing driving style of the vehicle can not be achieved automatically by the structural arrangement of the wheels on the chassis, since the axis of rotation of each wheel is aligned with the respective wheel center. The control device acts on the deflection of the wheels independently of the
Figure imgf000006_0001
Such a change in the deflection or the deflection angle of the boom arms can be made both in the stationary state of the vehicle and during the drive of the vehicle. For example, the wheels can be rotated 90 ° when the vehicle moves along a wall and this merges into another wall in a corner region. As a result, time-consuming and complicated constraints are eliminated. In addition, it is not necessary that the vehicle is changed in its orientation during the movement, but the orientation of the wheels can be made regardless of the type of movement of the vehicle.
Die Ausrichtung der Auslegearme und der damit verbundenen Position der Räder erfolgt somit unmittelbar über die von jedem der Antriebsmotoren zur Verfügung gestellten Drehmomente. Durch die Richtung der von den Antriebsmotoren übertragenen Drehmomente ändert sich demnach auch die Winkelposition der Auslegearme.The alignment of the extension arms and the associated position of the wheels is thus effected directly via the torques provided by each of the drive motors. By the direction of the transmitted torque from the drive motors, therefore, also changes the angular position of the extension arms.
In der Zeichnung sind vier erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsbeispiele dargestellt, die nachfolgend näher erläutert werden. Im einzelnen zeigt:In the drawing, four embodiments of the invention are shown, which are explained in more detail below. In detail shows:
Figur 1 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Fahrzeuges mit einem Fahrgestell, an dem vier Auslegearme verschwenkbar angebracht sind, durch die jeweils ein Rad und ein mit diesem triebverbundener Antriebsmotor gehalten ist, in perspektivischer Ansicht,1 shows a first embodiment of a vehicle with a chassis, on which four extension arms are pivotally mounted, is held by the respective one wheel and a drive-connected thereto drive motor, in perspective view,
Figur 2 das Fahrzeug gemäß Figur 1 in Draufsicht, in dem die elektrischeFigure 2 shows the vehicle of Figure 1 in plan view, in which the electric
Schaltung der einzelnen zur Steuerung der Bewegung des Fahrzeugs notwendigen Bauteile schematisch dargestellt ist,Circuit of the individual components necessary for controlling the movement of the vehicle is shown schematically,
Figur 3 das Fahrzeug gemäß Figur 2 mit einer bestimmten Auslenkung der Radachsen,FIG. 3 shows the vehicle according to FIG. 2 with a specific deflection of the wheel axles,
Figur 4 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines Fahrzeuges, das eine starre Achse aufweist, in Draufsicht, Figur 5 ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Fahrzeuges in Draufsicht, das eine starre Achse aufweist, die um einen Anlenkpunkt drehbar an dem Fahrgestell des Fahrzeuges angebracht ist, undFIG. 4 a top view of a second exemplary embodiment of a vehicle having a rigid axle, Figure 5 shows a third embodiment of a vehicle in plan view, which has a rigid axle which is rotatably mounted about a pivot point on the chassis of the vehicle, and
Figur 6 ein viertes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Fahrzeuges in Draufsicht mit einem zwei Räder verbindenden Lenkgestänge.Figure 6 shows a fourth embodiment of a vehicle in plan view with a two-wheel steering linkage.
Aus Figur 1 ist ein auf dem Untergrund 2 eines Raumes verfahrbar angeordnetes Fahrzeug 1 zu entnehmen, dessen Ausgestaltung schematisiert dargestellt ist. Das Fahrzeug 1 weist nämlich ein Fahrgestell 3 auf, auf dem ein Roboter, Staubsauger, Rasenmäher oder dgl. aufgesetzt sein kann. Das Fahrzeug 1 soll dabei selbständig und/oder über eine Fernbedienung manuell von außen steuerbar sein.From Figure 1, a movable on the ground 2 of a room arranged vehicle 1 can be seen, the embodiment is shown schematically. Namely, the vehicle 1 has a chassis 3 on which a robot, vacuum cleaner, lawnmower or the like can be mounted. The vehicle 1 should be independently and / or manually controlled externally via a remote control.
An dem rechteckförmigen Fahrgestellt 3 sind in dessen vier Eckbereichen jeweils einAt the rectangular carriage 3 are in its four corners each one
Auslegearm 11 angebracht. Die Auslegearme 11 bestehen aus zwei Profilschienen 31 und 32, die L-förmig zueinander ausgerichtet sind. Die erste Pofilschiene 31 des Auslegearmes 11 verläuft dabei parallel zu der Unterseite des Fahrgestelles 3 und ist über eine Welle 12 am Fahrgestell 3 verschwenkbar um 360° gehalten. Die Welle 12 wird in zwei Lagern 14 drehbar abgestützt, die in einer am Fahrgestell 3 angebrachten Hülse 13 angeordnet sind. In der Hülse 13 ist für jede Welle 12 ferner eine Bremse 15 vorgesehen, durch die die Position der Welle 12 und damit des Auslegearmes 11 fest eingestellt werden kann oder aber die Bewegungen des Auslegearmes 11 und der Welle 12 werden durch die Bremse 15 gedämpft.Extension arm 11 attached. The extension arms 11 consist of two profiled rails 31 and 32, which are L-shaped aligned with each other. The first Pofilschiene 31 of the boom 11 extends parallel to the underside of the chassis 3 and is held by a shaft 12 on the chassis 3 pivotable about 360 °. The shaft 12 is rotatably supported in two bearings 14, which are arranged in a mounted on the chassis 3 sleeve 13. In the sleeve 13, a brake 15 is further provided for each shaft 12, by means of which the position of the shaft 12 and thus of the extension arm 11 can be fixed or the movements of the extension arm 11 and the shaft 12 are damped by the brake 15.
An der zweiten Profilschiene 32 des Auslegearmes 11 ist ein Rad 4 drehbar angebracht, das trieblich mit einem Antriebsmotor 7 verbunden ist. Somit wird auch der Antriebsmotor 7 ah der Profilschiene 32 des Auslegearms 11 abgestützt und verläuft parallel zu der ersten Profilschiene 31. Der Antriebsmotor 7 bildet zusammen mit dem Mittelpunkt des jeweiligen Rades 4 eine Radachse 6, die demnach senkrecht zu der von der Welle 12 gebildeten Verschwenkachse 5 verläuft. Aufgrund der konstruktiven Ausgestaltung der Auslegearme 11 wird erreicht, dass der Rotationsmittelpunkt jedes Rades 4 beabstandet ist zu der Drehachse 5 der Welle 12. Eine solche Radaufhängung ermöglicht die Steuerung bzw. Auslenkung jedes Rades 4 um dessen Drehachse 5 ausschließlich mittels der Drehmomentübertragung durch den jeweiligen Antriebsmotor 7.On the second rail 32 of the extension arm 11, a wheel 4 is rotatably mounted, which is drivingly connected to a drive motor 7. Thus, the drive motor 7 is supported ah of the rail 32 of the extension arm 11 and extends parallel to the first rail 31. The drive motor 7 forms together with the center of the respective wheel 4, a wheel axle 6, which is therefore perpendicular to the pivot axis formed by the shaft 12 5 runs. Due to the structural design of the extension arms 11 it is achieved that the center of rotation of each wheel 4 is spaced from the axis of rotation 5 of the shaft 12. Such a suspension allows the control or deflection of each wheel 4 about its axis of rotation 5 exclusively by means of torque transmission by the respective drive motor 7th
Auf der Außenseite der Hülse 13 ist eine Drehscheibe 17 fest mit der Welle 12 verbunden, in der zur Messung der Winkelstellung der Welle 12 Bohrungen eingearbeitet sind. Seitlich neben der Drehscheibe 17 ist ein am Fahrgestell 3 abgestützter Encoder 16 angebracht, durch den optisch die Bewegungsrichtungen der Drehscheibe 17 gemessen werden. Auch jedem Antriebsmotor 7 ist eine Drehscheibe 17 und ein Encoder 16 zugeordnet, durch die die Drehzahlen und die Drehrichtungen des Antriebsmotors 7 und damit des jeweiligen Rades 4 überwacht werden.On the outside of the sleeve 13, a hub 17 is fixedly connected to the shaft 12 in which 12 holes are incorporated for measuring the angular position of the shaft. On the side of the turntable 17, an encoder 16 supported on the chassis 3 is mounted, through which the optical directions of movement of the turntable 17 are measured. Also, each drive motor 7 is associated with a hub 17 and an encoder 16, by which the rotational speeds and the directions of rotation of the drive motor 7 and thus of the respective wheel 4 are monitored.
Die derart erzeugten Signale werden elektrisch einer Steuereinrichtung 21 zugeführt, in der beispielsweise ein Mikroprozessor und/oder ein Softwareprogramm integriert ist, durch das die Bewegungssignale der jeweiligen Encoder 16 mathematisch in die Bewegungsrichtung und -geschwindigkeit des Fahrzeuges 1 umgerechnet werden. Damit kann von der Steuereinrichtung 21 selbständig eine Ortsbestimmung vorgenommen und die Bewegungsrichtung für das Fahrzeug 1 voprgegeben werden.The signals thus generated are electrically supplied to a control device 21, in which, for example, a microprocessor and / or a software program is integrated, by which the motion signals of the respective encoder 16 are mathematically converted into the direction of movement and speed of the vehicle 1. This can be done independently by the control device 21, a location determination and the direction of movement for the vehicle 1 are voprgegeben.
Des Weiteren sind am Fahrgestell 3 ein GPS-Empfänger 23 und eine Kamera 24 angebracht, durch die zum einen die Position des Fahrzeuges 1 über Satellitennavigation ermittelbar ist und zum anderen durch die Kamera 24 erkannt werden kann, inwieweit Hindernisse, die in der Bewegungsrichtung des Fahrzeuges 1 liegen, umfahren werden können.Furthermore, a GPS receiver 23 and a camera 24 are mounted on the chassis 3, on the one hand the position of the vehicle 1 can be determined by satellite navigation and on the other hand can be detected by the camera 24, to what extent obstacles in the direction of movement of the vehicle 1, can be driven around.
Aus Figur 2 ist der Schaltplan und damit die elektrische Betriebsweise des Fahrzeuges 1 ersichtlich. Sämtliche von den Encodern 16 erzeugten elektrischen Signale werden über eine1 Vielzahl von elektrischen Leitungen 22 der Steuereinrichtung 21 zugeführt. Durch die am Fahrgestell 3 abgestützten Akkumulatoren 8 wird die Steuereinrichtung 21 und über diese die Antriebsmotoren 7 mit Strom gespeist. Den Akkumulatoren 8 kann wahlweise zu i deren Aufladung ein Solarfeld oder ein elektrischer Anschluss zugeordnet sein.From Figure 2, the circuit diagram and thus the electrical operation of the vehicle 1 can be seen. All of the encoders 16 electrical signals are supplied via a plurality of electrical lines 22 1 of the controller 21st By the Accumulators 8 supported on the chassis 3 are supplied with power to the control device 21 and via these to the drive motors 7. The accumulators 8 can optionally be assigned to i their charging a solar field or an electrical connection.
II
I iI i
Ausgehend von der in Figur 1 gezeigten Position des Fahrzeuges 1 soll nunmehr durch die! Steuereinrichtung 21 eine Auslenkung der Auslegearme 11 vorgenommen werden. Im stehenden Zustand des Fahrzeuges 1 wird daher durch die Steuereinrichtung 21 der Aniriebsmotor 7 des linken vorderen Rades 4 zeitweise mit einem bestimmtenStarting from the position of the vehicle 1 shown in Figure 1 is now by the! Control device 21, a deflection of the extension arms 11 are made. In the standing state of the vehicle 1 is therefore by the control device 21 of the Aniriebsmotor 7 of the left front wheel 4 temporarily with a certain
Figure imgf000010_0001
Die1 Kamera 24 sendet Signale an die Steuereinrichtung 21 , so dass durch die Steuereinrichtung 21 ermittelbar ist, inwieweit Hindernisse die Bewegungsrichtung des Fahrzeuges 1 beeinträchtigen. Durch den GPS-Empfänger 23 kann die Übereinstimmung der tatsächlichen Position des Fahrzeuges 1 verglichen werden mit den von der
Figure imgf000010_0001
The 1 camera 24 sends signals to the control device 21, so that it can be determined by the control device 21, to what extent obstacles affect the direction of movement of the vehicle 1. By the GPS receiver 23, the coincidence of the actual position of the vehicle 1 can be compared with that of the
Steuereinrichtung 21 aufgrund der durch die Encoder 16 erhaltenen elektrischen Informationen und gegebenenfalls kann durch die Steuereinrichtung 21 eine Anpassung vorgenommen werden. Durch die Steuereinrichtung 21 können auch die an der Welle 12 des jeweiligen Rades 4 vorgesehenen Bremsen 15 aktiviert werden, so dass die Wellen 12 in einer vorgegebenen Position fest gehalten sind oder aber, dass zumindest die Bewegung der Welle 12 durch die Bremsen 15 gedämpft wird.Control device 21 due to the electrical information obtained by the encoder 16 and optionally can be made by the controller 21 an adjustment. By means of the control device 21, the brakes 15 provided on the shaft 12 of the respective wheel 4 can also be activated, so that the shafts 12 are firmly held in a predetermined position or at least that the movement of the shaft 12 is damped by the brakes 15.
In Figur 4 ist ein Fahrzeug 1 ' gezeigt, das eine starre Achse 18 aufweist. Die Auslenkungsmöglichkeiten und die damit verbundene Rangierleistung des Fahrzeuges 1 ist eingeschränkt. Allerdings wird durch die starre Achse 18 erreicht, dass das Fahrzeug 1 insgesamt eine stabilere Laufruhe besitzt, denn die mit der starren Achse 18 verbundenen Räd Ier 4 halten das Fahrzeug 1 in einer voreingestellten Position.FIG. 4 shows a vehicle 1 'which has a rigid axle 18. The Auslenkungsmöglichkeiten and the associated Rangierleistung of the vehicle 1 is limited. However, it is achieved by the rigid axle 18, that the vehicle 1 has a more stable overall smoothness, because the wheels 18 connected to the rigid axle 18 keep the vehicle 1 in a preset position.
Figur 5 ist zu entnehmen, dass die starre Achse 18 zweiteilig ausgebildet und um einen Anlenkpunkt 19 verschwenkbar am Fahrgestell 3 gehalten ist. Somit können auch die beiden an der starren Achse 18 angebrachten Räder um den Anlenkpunkt 19 verschwenkt werden.Figure 5 it can be seen that the rigid axle 18 is formed in two parts and is held about a pivot point 19 pivotally mounted on the chassis 3. Thus, the two mounted on the rigid axle 18 wheels can be pivoted about the pivot point 19.
In Figur 6 ist gezeigt, dass zwei gegenüberliegende Auslegearme 11 durch einIn Figure 6 it is shown that two opposite Auslegearme 11 by a
Len <gestänge 20 miteinander verbunden sind, wodurch die Auslenkungsgeschwindigkeit und die Auslenkungsposition der beiden derart miteinander verbundenen Auslegearme 11 synchronisiert ist. Jede der in den Figuren 1 bis 6 beschriebenen Anbringungsmöglichkeiten der Räder 4 am Fahrgestell 3 kann miteinander beliebig kombiniert werden. Len <rod 20 are connected to each other, whereby the deflection speed and the deflection position of the two so interconnected Auslegearme 11 is synchronized. Each of the mounting possibilities of the wheels 4 on the chassis 3 described in FIGS. 1 to 6 can be combined with one another as desired.

Claims

Patentansprüche Patent claims
[l. Fahrzeug (1,1', 1", 1'") , insbesondere für Roboter, Staubsauger, Rasenmäher oder dgl., mit einem Fahrgestell (3), das durch mindestens drei an diesem angebrachten Rädern (4) auf dem Untergrund (2) abgestützt ist, mit den einzelnen Rädern (4) jeweils zugeordneten Antriebsmotoren (7) und mit mindestens einer Steuereinrichtung (21), durch die die Antriebsmotore (7) getrennt voneinander und/ oder gemeinsam aktivierbar sind.[l. Vehicle (1,1', 1", 1'"), in particular for robots, vacuum cleaners, lawn mowers or the like, with a chassis (3) which rests on the ground (2) by at least three wheels (4) attached to it. is supported, with drive motors (7) assigned to the individual wheels (4) and with at least one control device (21), through which the drive motors (7) can be activated separately from one another and/or together.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass mindestens eines der Räder (4) über einen als L-förmige Profilschiene (31,32) ausgebildeten Auslegearm (11) am Fahrgestell (3) drehbar abgestützt ist, dass die erste Profilschiene (31) um eine senkrecht zum Untergrund (2) gerichtete Achse (5) verschwenkbar gelagert ist und dass durch die zweite Profilschiene (32) i jeweils eines der Räder (4) beabstandet zu der Achse (5) abgestützt ist.that at least one of the wheels (4) is rotatably supported on the chassis (3) via an extension arm (11) designed as an L-shaped profile rail (31, 32), and that the first profile rail (31) is directed perpendicular to the ground (2). Axle (5) is pivotably mounted and that one of the wheels (4) is supported at a distance from the axle (5) by the second profile rail (32).
2. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 1 ,2. Vehicle according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder der Auslegearme (11) mit einer am Fahrgestell (3) gehaltenen Welle (12) verbunden ist, die durch zwei Lager (14) in einer am Fahrgestell (3) befestigten Hülse (13) drehbar gehalten ist.characterized, that each of the extension arms (11) is connected to a shaft (12) held on the chassis (3), which is rotatably held by two bearings (14) in a sleeve (13) attached to the chassis (3).
3. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,3. Vehicle according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass durch die zweite Profilschiene (32) des Auslegearmes (11) jeweils der Antriebsmotor (7) abgestützt ist, mit dem das jeweilige Rad (4) trieblich verbunden ist.that the drive motor (7), to which the respective wheel (4) is connected, is supported by the second profile rail (32) of the extension arm (11).
J4. Fahrzeug nach einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Ansprüche,J4. Vehicle according to one or more of the aforementioned claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass die Drehrichtung und/oder die Drehzahl jedes Rades that the direction of rotation and/or the speed of each wheel
(4) durch die Steuereinrichtung (21) in Abhängigkeit von der gewünschten Bewegungsrichtung des Fahrzeuges (1, 1", 1", 1"1) einstellbar ist.(4) can be adjusted by the control device (21) depending on the desired direction of movement of the vehicle (1, 1", 1", 1" 1 ).
5. Fahrzeug nach einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Ansprüche,5. Vehicle according to one or more of the aforementioned claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass durch die Steuereinrichtung (21) die Bewegung des Fahrzeuges (1) eigenständig und/oder von außen, vorzugsweise mittels einer Fernsteuerung, i einstellbar ist.that the movement of the vehicle (1) can be adjusted independently and/or from the outside, preferably by means of a remote control, by the control device (21).
Il Il
6. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 5,6. Vehicle according to claim 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass die Steuereinrichtung (21) mindestens mit einem Navigationsinstrument (23, 24), vorzugsweise einem GPS-Empfängern (23), einer Kamera (24), oder einer Peileinrichtung verbunden ist, durch die die Steuereinrichtung (21) Signale zur Bewegungsregulierung des Fahrzeuges (1) erhält.that the control device (21) is connected to at least one navigation instrument (23, 24), preferably a GPS receiver (23), a camera (24), or a direction finding device, through which the control device (21) receives signals for regulating the movement of the vehicle ( 1) receives.
7. Fahrzeug nach einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Ansprüche,7. Vehicle according to one or more of the aforementioned claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass zwei benachbarte und zueinander gegenüberliegende Räder (4) durch eine starre Achse (18) oder durch ein Lenkgestänge (20) miteinander verbunden sind.that two adjacent and opposite wheels (4) are connected to one another by a rigid axle (18) or by a steering linkage (20).
8. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 7,8. Vehicle according to claim 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass die Achse (18) am Fahrgestell (3) um einen Anlenkpunkt (19) verschwenkbar abgestützt ist.that the axle (18) is supported on the chassis (3) so that it can pivot about an articulation point (19).
9. Fahrzeug nach einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Ansprüche,9. Vehicle according to one or more of the aforementioned claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass die Drehzahl und/ oder die Drehgeschwindigkeit der Räder (4) und/oder die Auslenkung (α) der Räder (4) in Bezug auf das Fahrgestell (3) jeweils mittels eines Encoders (16) und einer an der Welle (12) abgestützten Drehscheibe (17) messbar ist und dass die von jedem der Encoder(16) erzeugten Signale an die Steuereinrichtung (21) weiterleitbar und durch diese verarbeitbar sind zur Erzeugung von Steuersignalen für die Bewegungsrichtung des Fahrzeuges (1).that the speed and/or the rotational speed of the wheels (4) and/or the deflection (α) of the wheels (4) with respect to the chassis (3) are each supported by an encoder (16) and one on the shaft (12). Turntable (17) can be measured and that the signals generated by each of the encoders (16) are sent to the Control device (21) can be forwarded and processed by it to generate control signals for the direction of movement of the vehicle (1).
10. Fahrzeug nach einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Ansprüche 2 bis 9,10. Vehicle according to one or more of the aforementioned claims 2 to 9,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t,characterized,
dass an jeder Welle (12) eine Bremse (15) vorgesehen ist, durch die jede Welle (12) in einer vorgebbaren Auslenkstellung feststellbar oder in ihrer Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit reduzierbar ist.that a brake (15) is provided on each shaft (12), by means of which each shaft (12) can be locked in a predetermined deflection position or its speed of movement can be reduced.
511. Fahrzeug nach einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Ansprüche, 5 11. Vehicle according to one or more of the aforementioned claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass jeder der Auslegearme that each of the extension arms
(11 ) um einen Winkel (a) von 360° verschwenkbar am Fahrgestell (3) angebracht ist.(11) is attached to the chassis (3) so that it can pivot through an angle (a) of 360 °.
12. Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Fahrzeuges (1), insbesondere für ein Fahrzeug (1) nach einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Ansprüche, mit den gleichzeitig oder nachfolgend ablaufenden Verfahrensschritte:12. Method for controlling a vehicle (1), in particular for a vehicle (1) according to one or more of the aforementioned claims, with the method steps occurring simultaneously or subsequently:
- Erfassen der Position des Fahrzeuges (1 , 1', 1", 1'") in einem ortsfesten Koordinatensystem durch eine Steuereinrichtung (21 ) und/oder eine mit der Steuereinrichtung (21) verbundene Navigationseinrichtung (23, 24),- Detecting the position of the vehicle (1, 1', 1", 1'") in a fixed coordinate system by a control device (21) and/or a navigation device (23, 24) connected to the control device (21),
- Messen der Drehzahl und/oder der Drehgeschwindigkeit der an dem Fahrzeug (1) angebrachten Räder (4) durch jeweils einen Encoder (16),- Measuring the rotational speed and/or the rotational speed of the wheels (4) attached to the vehicle (1) using an encoder (16),
- Messen der Auslenkungsrichtung oder des Auslenkwinkels (a) der Räder (4) durch jeweils einen der Encoder (16), wobei die Räder (4) jeweils an einem Auslegerarm (11) drehbar angebracht sind und wobei die Auslegearme (11) verschwenkbar an einem Fahrgestell (3) des Fahrzeuges (1, 1', 1", 1'") angelenkt sind,- Measuring the deflection direction or the deflection angle (a) of the wheels (4) by one of the encoders (16), with the wheels (4) each on one Boom arm (11) are rotatably attached and the boom arms (11) are pivotably articulated on a chassis (3) of the vehicle (1, 1', 1", 1'"),
Weiterleiten der erhaltenen Messsignale von den Encodern (16) an die Steuereinrichtung (21) zur Berechnung der Bewegungsrichtung desForwarding the measurement signals obtained from the encoders (16) to the control device (21) to calculate the direction of movement of the
Fahrzeuges (1) und zur Bestimmung der Fahrzeugposition,vehicle (1) and to determine the vehicle position,
gekennzeichnet durch,marked by,
Regeln eines mit jedem Rad (4) trieblich verbundenen Antriebsmotors (7) durch die Steuereinrichtung (21) in Abhängigkeit von der zu erzielenden Bewegungsrichtung des Fahrzeuges (1, 1', 1", 1'"),Control of a drive motor (7) connected to each wheel (4) by the control device (21) depending on the direction of movement of the vehicle (1, 1', 1", 1'") to be achieved,
Messen und Regeln der von den Antriebsmotoren (7) auf die Räder (4) übertragenen Drehmomente durch die Steuereinrichtung (21) in Abhängigkeit von der gewünschten Bewegungsrichtung des Fahrzeuges (1, 1', 1", 1'") und in Abhängigkeit der Winkelstellung der jeweiligen Auslegearm (11).Measuring and regulating the torque transmitted from the drive motors (7) to the wheels (4) by the control device (21) depending on the desired direction of movement of the vehicle (1, 1', 1", 1'") and depending on the angular position the respective extension arm (11).
13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12,13. Method according to claim 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,characterized,
dass das Navigationsinstrument (23, 24) der Steuereinrichtung (21) Signale zuleitet, mittels denen die Koordinaten des Fahrzeuges (1) durch die Steuereinrichtung (21) permanent oder zeitweise bestimmbar sind, und dass die Bewegungsrichtung des Fahrzeuges (1) durch die von der Steuereinrichtung (21) verarbeiteten Signale des Navigationsinstrumentes (23 oder 24) die Ausrichtung eines oder mehrere der Auslegerarme (11) der Räder (4) einstellbar ist. that the navigation instrument (23, 24) sends signals to the control device (21) by means of which the coordinates of the vehicle (1) can be determined permanently or temporarily by the control device (21), and that the direction of movement of the vehicle (1) is determined by the Control device (21) processed signals from the navigation instrument (23 or 24) the alignment of one or more of the cantilever arms (11) of the wheels (4) can be adjusted.
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