WO2007006564A2 - Device for monitoring photovoltaic panels - Google Patents

Device for monitoring photovoltaic panels Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007006564A2
WO2007006564A2 PCT/EP2006/006820 EP2006006820W WO2007006564A2 WO 2007006564 A2 WO2007006564 A2 WO 2007006564A2 EP 2006006820 W EP2006006820 W EP 2006006820W WO 2007006564 A2 WO2007006564 A2 WO 2007006564A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
monitoring
photovoltaic panels
window comparator
event
inverter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2006/006820
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German (de)
French (fr)
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WO2007006564B1 (en
WO2007006564A3 (en
Inventor
Jobst-Peter Riese
Original Assignee
Rev Renewable Energy Ventures Inc.
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Application filed by Rev Renewable Energy Ventures Inc. filed Critical Rev Renewable Energy Ventures Inc.
Publication of WO2007006564A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007006564A2/en
Publication of WO2007006564A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007006564A3/en
Publication of WO2007006564B1 publication Critical patent/WO2007006564B1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/02—Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/06—Monitoring of the line circuits, e.g. signalling of line faults
    • G08B29/08—Signalling of tampering with the line circuit
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/02—Mechanical actuation
    • G08B13/14—Mechanical actuation by lifting or attempted removal of hand-portable articles
    • G08B13/1409—Mechanical actuation by lifting or attempted removal of hand-portable articles for removal detection of electrical appliances by detecting their physical disconnection from an electrical system, e.g. using a switch incorporated in the plug connector
    • G08B13/1418—Removal detected by failure in electrical connection between the appliance and a control centre, home control panel or a power supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for monitoring photovoltaic modules in the event of theft or damage by the evaluation of residual voltage signals.
  • the object of the invention is to find a device that delivers a signal without DC voltage application through a DC monitoring in case of damage or theft.
  • This residual brightness produces a low electrical voltage, which can range from a few hundred millivolts to a few volts / GAK. Since the cables are galvanically isolated from the solar modules to the inverter, ie high impedance, this voltage can be used to monitor the entire system.
  • a window comparator which evaluates the following criteria and is installed in each GAK:
  • the window comparator If the solar module is in operation during the day, a high voltage is created.
  • the monitoring device here called the window comparator; the signal “window outside” is activated and the system is switched on, in which a relay attracts the panels with the solar modules galvanically switched through to the inverter.
  • the window comparator will reach the threshold "window within”.
  • the output of the window comparator "window outside” is deactivated and the relay for connecting the panels to the inverter drops off and opens this circuit.
  • the signal "window within” reaches the encoder, in which a clear assignment to the respective GAK is determined. is laid.
  • the generated signal is forwarded to the decoder and to the central evaluation device via a line secured by closed-circuit current.
  • the signal transmission path is protected by a normally closed contact (Ük) in the GAK, which is located in the housing of the GAK, in which the contact drops when the GAK's housing is opened and the closed circuit is interrupted.
  • Ük normally closed contact
  • the additional power supply for this protection device where at fixed intervals a signal from the encoder in the GAK to the decoder in the central alarm device requires a few milliwatts, which are taken from a small battery and which is fed by the live conductors to the inverter during operation or can be ensured by remote feeding through the control cables.
  • the monitoring device consists of:
  • the device is shown in the drawing.
  • Solar systems for operation with the invention consist of a series of solar panels 1, of which a certain number are connected in series and connected to a device connection box 2.
  • a variety of such Terminal boxes 2 is connected in parallel and connected to an inverter 17, which generates a usable AC voltage from the DC voltage generated by the solar panels.
  • the number of solar panels 1 connected in series is selected such that the resulting voltage for the inverter 17 can be used.
  • a monitoring device 3 according to the invention is integrated in each of the device connection boxes 2.
  • the solar panels 1 are connected via the terminal 4 with the monitoring device.
  • the terminal 5 is used for power transmission to the inverter 17.
  • a switching relay 6 can connect the solar panels 1 to the inverter 17 in response to a control pulse.
  • a window comparator 8 which is connected to the panel terminal 4 with the interposition of an overvoltage protection 7, is used.
  • a reference voltage can be set at the window comparator 8.
  • the comparator result of the window comparator 8 can be fed via a coder 9 via a line 10 to a central alarm device 13, with a quiescent current 11 having a normally closed contact 12 being additionally provided for increasing safety, by means of which manipulations on the control line 10 can be detected.
  • a battery buffer 18 is provided to provide power to the entire monitoring device 3 when the solar panels 1 do not generate sufficient energy.
  • the evaluation unit 13 includes a decoder 14 for the signals of the encoder 9 and a quiescent current monitor 15 which monitors the signal lines for tampering attempts with the quiescent current line 11 and the normally closed contact 12. Furthermore, an evaluation and reporting device 16 is provided which evaluates the interference signals generated by the decoder 14 and the quiescent current monitoring 15 and, if necessary, triggers an alarm.
  • the monitoring device works as follows:
  • the window comparator 8 If enough light on the solar panels 1, so that they generate a sufficiently high utility voltage, it is detected by the window comparator 8 as lying above the upper limit and the relay 6 is switched so that the voltage is applied to the inverter 17 and energy is generated. If manipulation attempts are made on the solar panels 1 in this operating state, the generated power drops and a warning signal is generated.
  • the switching relay 6 In the event that no sufficient useful voltage is generated at night or in heavy cloud, when switching below a threshold value of the window comparator 8, the switching relay 6 is released and so the solar panels 1 separated from the inverter 17. Also in this case, a residual voltage is generated by the solar panels 1 due to various residual light influences on the opened by the switching relay 6 high-resistance connection. This is detected with the window comparator 8 and forwarded via the encoder 9, a corresponding signal to the monitoring and reporting device 13.
  • the residual voltage drops significantly, as detected by the window comparator 8 and a corresponding signal is forwarded via the encoder 9 to the monitoring device 13, which triggers an alarm signal in the sequence.
  • Certain fluctuations in the panel voltage about the adjustable reference value are tolerated by the window comparator 8, without an alarm signal is triggered or the switching relay is turned on again before reaching a minimum voltage. In this way, manipulations on the panels can be reliably detected. Since a device connection box is usually equipped in each case with a monitoring device according to the invention, precise assignments to individual panel groups are possible even with larger systems.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for monitoring photovoltaic panels in the event of theft or damage. The aim of the invention is to provide a solution that, without a predetermined action of nominal current, furnishes a signal by a monitoring of direct current voltage in the event of damage or theft. To this end, the invention provides that a window comparator with programmed reference voltage divides the residual voltage of the photovoltaic panels, which is given at twilight or night, into three categories: outside, inside and below and, per panel, a coded signal typical for a panel is sent to a central alarm device, which is located next to the inverter and which has a decoder that sets off a panel-specific alarm in the event the signal indicates below.

Description

"Vorrichtung zur Überwachung von Photovoltaikpaneelen""Device for monitoring photovoltaic panels"
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Überwachung von Photovoltaikmodulen für den Fall des Diebstahls oder der Beschädigung durch die Auswertung von RestspannungsSignalen.The invention relates to a device for monitoring photovoltaic modules in the event of theft or damage by the evaluation of residual voltage signals.
Der Stand der Technik wird vorgegeben durch das Gebrauchsmuster G 94 11 783.7, in dem durch eine geeignete Vorrichtung bei Unterschreiten einer definierten Spannung eine Stromquelle mit vorbestimmten Nennstrom auf die Leistungsstromleitung gelegt wird. Dieses Vorgehen hat für kleine, insbesondere große Photovoltaikanlagen den Nachteil des Verbrauchs elektrischer Leistung.The prior art is given by the utility model G 94 11 783.7, in which a current source with a predetermined rated current is applied to the power current line by a suitable device when falling below a defined voltage. This approach has the disadvantage of the consumption of electrical power for small, especially large photovoltaic systems.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung zu finden, die ohne vorbestimmte Nennstrombeaufschlagung ein Signal durch eine gleichspannungsmäßige Überwachung bei Beschädigung oder Diebstahl liefert.The object of the invention is to find a device that delivers a signal without DC voltage application through a DC monitoring in case of damage or theft.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by a device having the features of claim 1.
Große Photovoltaikanlagen sind üblicherweise derart aufgebaut, dass eine bestimmte Anzahl von Solarpaneels zwecks Erreichen der für den Wechselrichter notwendigen Spannung in Reihe geschaltet werden und diese Leistungsstromleitungen über Geräteanschlusskästen (GAK) zum Wechselrichter führen. Diese Geräteanschlusskästen mit einem Steuerkabel zum Wechselrichter sind zur Aufnahme der erfindungsgemäßen Ruhestromüberwachung geeignet .Large photovoltaic systems are usually constructed in such a way that a certain number of solar panels are connected in series in order to achieve the voltage required for the inverter and lead these power power lines via equipment connection boxes (GAK) to the inverter. These device connection boxes with a control cable to the inverter are suitable for receiving the quiescent current monitoring according to the invention.
Wenn die Anlage infolge zu geringer Energieeinstrahlung vom Netz und vom Wechselrichter getrennt wird, ist immer noch ausreichend Spannung vorhanden, die für eine Überwachung genutzt werden kann. In einer mondlosen Nacht ist die Leuchtdichte 0,0003 Lux, während bei Mondschein 0,2 Lux in Energie umgewandelt werden. Hinzu kommt die Resthimmelbe- leuchtung durch "Lichtverschirmtzung" .If the system is disconnected from the grid and the inverter due to low energy input, it still is there is enough voltage that can be used for monitoring. On a moonless night, the luminance is 0.0003 lux, while moonlight converts 0.2 lux into energy. In addition, the remaining sky lighting is provided by "Lichtverschirmtzung".
Diese Resthelligkeit erzeugt eine geringe elektrische Spannung, die im Bereich von einigen hundert Millivolt bis zu einigen Volt/GAK liegen kann. Da die Leitungen von den Solarmodulen zu dem Wechselrichter galvanisch getrennt, also hochohmig sind, kann diese Spannung zur Überwachung der gesamten Anlage genutzt werden.This residual brightness produces a low electrical voltage, which can range from a few hundred millivolts to a few volts / GAK. Since the cables are galvanically isolated from the solar modules to the inverter, ie high impedance, this voltage can be used to monitor the entire system.
Erfindungsgemäß kommt ein Fensterkomparator zum Einsatz, der folgende Kriterien auswertet und in jedem GAK eingebaut wird:According to the invention, a window comparator is used, which evaluates the following criteria and is installed in each GAK:
1. Ist das Solarmodul bei Tag in Betrieb entsteht eine hohe Spannung. In der Überwachungsvorrichtung, hier Fensterkomparator genannt; wird das Signal "Fenster außerhalb" aktiviert und die Anlage wird eingeschaltet, in dem ein Relais anzieht die Paneele mit den Solarmodulen galvanisch zum Wechselrichter durchschaltet.1. If the solar module is in operation during the day, a high voltage is created. In the monitoring device, here called the window comparator; the signal "window outside" is activated and the system is switched on, in which a relay attracts the panels with the solar modules galvanically switched through to the inverter.
2. Sinkt die erzeugte Spannung während der Dämmerung und in der Nacht unter einen Wert, der bei der Installation der Anlage festgelegt worden ist ab, wird in dem Fensterkomparator die Schaltschwelle "Fenster innerhalb" erreicht. Der Ausgang des Fensterkomparators "Fenster außerhalb" wird deaktiviert und das Relais zum Verbinden der Paneele mit dem Wechselrichter fällt ab und öffnet diesen Stromkreis .2. If the generated voltage drops below a value set during installation of the system during twilight and at night, the window comparator will reach the threshold "window within". The output of the window comparator "window outside" is deactivated and the relay for connecting the panels to the inverter drops off and opens this circuit.
3. Das Signal "Fenster innerhalb" erreicht den Codierer, in dem eine eindeutige Zuordnung zum jeweiligen GAK festge- legt wird. Das erzeugte Signal wird über eine durch Ruhestrom gesicherte Leitung zum Decodierer und zur zentralen Auswerteinrichtung weitergeleitet.3. The signal "window within" reaches the encoder, in which a clear assignment to the respective GAK is determined. is laid. The generated signal is forwarded to the decoder and to the central evaluation device via a line secured by closed-circuit current.
4. Wird die zentrale Auswerteinheit von den codierten Signalen der Codierer in den GAK' s erreicht, so werden die jeweiligen GAK' s und damit die jeweiligen Paneele aus Solarmodulen als "in Ordnung" signalisiert.4. If the central evaluation unit is reached by the coded signals of the coders in the GAKs, then the respective GAKs and thus the respective panels of solar modules are signaled as "OK".
5. Fällt die von den Solarpaneelen erzeugte Restspannung auf Null Volt, wird der Ausgang "Fenster unterhalb" aktiviert. Über die Signalleitung vom Codierer zum Decodierer und weiter zur Auswerteinheit wird ein Alarm ausgelöst.5. If the residual voltage generated by the solar panels falls to zero volts, the output "window below" is activated. An alarm is triggered via the signal line from the encoder to the decoder and on to the evaluation unit.
6. Die Signalübertragungsstrecke wird durch einen Ruhekontakt (Ük) im GAK, der sich im Gehäuse des GAK' s befindet, gesichert, in dem bei Öffnen des Gehäuses des GAK' s der Kontakt abfällt und die Ruhestromleitung unterbrochen wird.6. The signal transmission path is protected by a normally closed contact (Ük) in the GAK, which is located in the housing of the GAK, in which the contact drops when the GAK's housing is opened and the closed circuit is interrupted.
Damit ist für alle Betriebszustände der Anlage eine kontinuierliche Überwachung gewährleistet, da alle GAK' s in das System einbezogen werden und paneelgenau durch die Alarmeinrichtung ein Alarm ausgelöst werden kann.This ensures continuous monitoring for all operating states of the system, since all GAKs are included in the system and an alarm can be triggered by the alarm device with panel accuracy.
Eine gesonderte Überwachung der Solarpaneele während des Betriebes mit dem Wechselrichter ist nicht notwendig, da hier bereits automatisch bei Leistungsabfall ein Störungssignal generiert wird.A separate monitoring of the solar panels during operation with the inverter is not necessary, since a fault signal is automatically generated in case of power loss.
Die zusätzliche Stromversorgung für diese Sicherungseinrichtung, bei der in festlegten Zeitabständen ein Signal vom Codierer im GAK zum Decodierer in der zentralen Alarm- einrichtung geschickt wird, erfordert wenige Milliwatt, die einer kleinen Batterie entnommen werden und die durch die stromführenden Leiter zum Wechselrichter im Betriebsfall gespeist wird oder durch Fernspeisung durch die Steuerkabel sichergestellt werden können.The additional power supply for this protection device, where at fixed intervals a signal from the encoder in the GAK to the decoder in the central alarm device requires a few milliwatts, which are taken from a small battery and which is fed by the live conductors to the inverter during operation or can be ensured by remote feeding through the control cables.
Die Überwachungsvorrichtung besteht aus:The monitoring device consists of:
1. einzelnen Solarpaneelen1. individual solar panels
2. die in Reihe auf den GAK geschaltet sind2. which are connected in series to the GAK
3. der Überwachungseinrichtung in den einzelnen GAK' s3. the monitoring device in the individual GAK's
4. der Stromzuführung von den Paneelen zum GAK4. the power supply from the panels to the GAK
5. der Stromweiterleitung zu den Wechselrichtern5. the power forwarding to the inverters
6. den Schaltrelais zu den Wechselrichtern6. the switching relay to the inverters
7. dem Überspannungsschutz für den Fensterkomparator7. the surge protector for the window comparator
8. dem Fensterkomparator mit programmierter Referenzspannung8. the window comparator with programmed reference voltage
9. dem Codierer9. the encoder
10. der Leitung zur Auswerteinheit10. the line to the evaluation unit
11. der Ruhestromleitung zur Auswerteinheit11. the quiescent power line to the evaluation unit
12. dem Ruhekontakt in der Ruhestromleitung im GAK12. the normally closed contact in the closed circuit in the GAK
13. der zentralen Alarmeinrichtung bei dem Wechselrichter13. the central alarm device in the inverter
14. dem Decodierer14. the decoder
15. der Ruhestromüberwachung15. the quiescent current monitoring
16. der Auswerte- und Meldevorrichtung16. the evaluation and reporting device
17. dem Wechselrichter17. the inverter
18. dem Batteriepuffer der Überwachungseinrichtung18. the battery buffer of the monitoring device
Die Vorrichtung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt.The device is shown in the drawing.
Solaranlagen für den Betrieb mit der Erfindung bestehen aus einer Reihe von Solarpaneelen 1, von denen eine bestimmte Anzahl in Reihe geschaltet und mit einem Geräteanschluss- kasten 2 verbunden sind. Eine Vielzahl von derartigen Gera- teanschlusskästen 2 ist parallel geschaltet und mit einem Wechselrichter 17 verbunden, der aus der von den Solarpaneelen erzeugten Gleichspannung eine verwertbare Wechsel- Spannung erzeugt. Die Anzahl der in Reihe geschalteten Solarpaneele 1 ist dabei so gewählt, dass die hierdurch zustandekommende Spannung für den Wechselrichter 17 verwendbar ist.Solar systems for operation with the invention consist of a series of solar panels 1, of which a certain number are connected in series and connected to a device connection box 2. A variety of such Terminal boxes 2 is connected in parallel and connected to an inverter 17, which generates a usable AC voltage from the DC voltage generated by the solar panels. The number of solar panels 1 connected in series is selected such that the resulting voltage for the inverter 17 can be used.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Überwachungseinrichtung 3 wird jeweils in jeden der Geräteanschlusskästen 2 integriert. Die Solarpaneele 1 werden über den Anschluss 4 mit der Überwachungseinrichtung verbunden. Der Anschluss 5 dient zur Stromweiterleitung an den Wechselrichter 17. Ein Schaltrelais 6 kann auf einen Steuerimpuls hin die Solarpaneele 1 mit dem Wechselrichter 17 verbinden.A monitoring device 3 according to the invention is integrated in each of the device connection boxes 2. The solar panels 1 are connected via the terminal 4 with the monitoring device. The terminal 5 is used for power transmission to the inverter 17. A switching relay 6 can connect the solar panels 1 to the inverter 17 in response to a control pulse.
Zur Überwachung der PaneelSpannung dient ein Fensterkompa- rator 8, der unter Zwischenschaltung eines Überspannungs- schutzes 7 mit dem Paneelanschluss 4 verbunden ist. Am Fen- sterkomparator 8 ist eine Referenzspannung einstellbar.To monitor the panel voltage, a window comparator 8, which is connected to the panel terminal 4 with the interposition of an overvoltage protection 7, is used. A reference voltage can be set at the window comparator 8.
Das Komparatorergebnis des Fensterkomparators 8 ist über einen Codierer 9 über eine Leitung 10 einer zentralen Alarmeinrichtung 13 zuführbar, wobei zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit noch zusätzlich eine Ruhestromleitung 11 mit einem Ruhekontakt 12 vorgesehen ist, mittels derer sich Manipulationen an der Steuerleitung 10 erkennen lassen. Ein Batteriepuffer 18 ist dazu vorgesehen, die gesamte Überwachungs- einrichtung 3 mit Strom zu versorgen, wenn die Solarpaneele 1 nicht ausreichend Energie erzeugen.The comparator result of the window comparator 8 can be fed via a coder 9 via a line 10 to a central alarm device 13, with a quiescent current 11 having a normally closed contact 12 being additionally provided for increasing safety, by means of which manipulations on the control line 10 can be detected. A battery buffer 18 is provided to provide power to the entire monitoring device 3 when the solar panels 1 do not generate sufficient energy.
Die Auswerteinheit 13 beeinhaltet einen Decodierer 14 für die Signale des Codierers 9 und eine Ruhestromüberwachung 15, die mit der Ruhestromleitung 11 und dem Ruhekontakt 12 die Signalleitungen auf Manipulationsversuche überwacht. Weiterhin ist eine Auswert- und Meldevorrichtung 16 vorgesehen, die die vom Decodierer 14 und der Ruhestromüberwa- chung 15 generierten Störsignale auswertet und ggf. Alarm auslöst .The evaluation unit 13 includes a decoder 14 for the signals of the encoder 9 and a quiescent current monitor 15 which monitors the signal lines for tampering attempts with the quiescent current line 11 and the normally closed contact 12. Furthermore, an evaluation and reporting device 16 is provided which evaluates the interference signals generated by the decoder 14 and the quiescent current monitoring 15 and, if necessary, triggers an alarm.
Die Überwachungsvorrichtung funktioniert dabei wie folgt:The monitoring device works as follows:
Fällt genügend Licht auf die Solarpaneele 1, so dass diese eine ausreichend hohe Nutzspannung erzeugen, wird diese vom Fensterkomparator 8 als über dem oberen Grenzwert liegend erkannt und das Relais 6 geschaltet, so dass die Spannung an dem Wechselrichter 17 anliegt und Energie erzeugt wird. Werden in diesem Betriebszustand Manipulationsversuche an den Solarpaneelen 1 vorgenommen, fällt die erzeugte Leistung ab und ein Warnsignal wird generiert.If enough light on the solar panels 1, so that they generate a sufficiently high utility voltage, it is detected by the window comparator 8 as lying above the upper limit and the relay 6 is switched so that the voltage is applied to the inverter 17 and energy is generated. If manipulation attempts are made on the solar panels 1 in this operating state, the generated power drops and a warning signal is generated.
Im Fall, dass nachts oder bei starker Bewölkung keine ausreichende Nutzspannung erzeugt wird, wird bei Unterschreiten eines Schwellenwertes vom Fensterkomparator 8 das Schaltrelais 6 gelöst und so die Solarpaneele 1 vom Wechselrichter 17 getrennt. Auch in diesem Fall wird von den Solarpaneelen 1 aufgrund diverser Restlichteinflüsse an dem durch das Schaltrelais 6 geöffneten hochohmigen Anschluss eine Restspannung erzeugt . Diese wird mit dem Fensterkomparator 8 detektiert und über den Codierer 9 ein entsprechendes Signal an die Überwachungs- und Meldeeinrichtung 13 weitergeleitet .In the event that no sufficient useful voltage is generated at night or in heavy cloud, when switching below a threshold value of the window comparator 8, the switching relay 6 is released and so the solar panels 1 separated from the inverter 17. Also in this case, a residual voltage is generated by the solar panels 1 due to various residual light influences on the opened by the switching relay 6 high-resistance connection. This is detected with the window comparator 8 and forwarded via the encoder 9, a corresponding signal to the monitoring and reporting device 13.
Kommt es aufgrund von Manipulations- oder Diebstahlversuchen an den Paneelen 1 zu einer Leitungsunterbrechung, fällt die Restspannung deutlich ab, was vom Fensterkomparator 8 erkannt und ein entsprechendes Signal über den Codierer 9 an die Überwachungseinrichtung 13 weitergeleitet wird, die in der Folge ein Alarmsignal auslöst. Gewisse Schwankungen in der PaneelSpannung um den einstellbaren Referenzwert werden dabei vom Fensterkomparator 8 toleriert, ohne dass ein Alarmsignal ausgelöst wird oder das Schaltrelais vor Erreichen einer Mindestspannung wieder eingeschaltet wird. Auf diese Weise lassen sich Manipulationen an den Paneelen sicher erkennen. Da üblicherweise jeweils ein Geräteanschlusskasten mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Überwachungseinrichtung ausgestattet ist, sind auch bei größeren Anlagen präzise Zuordnungen zu einzelnen Paneel- gruppen möglich.If there is a line interruption due to manipulation or theft attempts on the panels 1, the residual voltage drops significantly, as detected by the window comparator 8 and a corresponding signal is forwarded via the encoder 9 to the monitoring device 13, which triggers an alarm signal in the sequence. Certain fluctuations in the panel voltage about the adjustable reference value are tolerated by the window comparator 8, without an alarm signal is triggered or the switching relay is turned on again before reaching a minimum voltage. In this way, manipulations on the panels can be reliably detected. Since a device connection box is usually equipped in each case with a monitoring device according to the invention, precise assignments to individual panel groups are possible even with larger systems.
Zusätzliche Sicherheit bietet die Rühestromüberwachung, die auch bei Manipulationen an Zuführleitungen u. dgl . Alarmsignale auslösen.Additional safety features the Rühestromüberwachung, which also in case of manipulation of supply lines u. like. Trigger alarm signals.
Natürlich ist die Erfindung nicht auf das vorstehende Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt, sondern kann in vielfältiger Hinsicht abgewandelt werden, ohne den Grundgedanken zu verlassen. So ist insbesondere die Ausgestaltung der einzelnen Baugruppen und ihre technische Realisierung variabel und die Ergänzung oder Integration in weitere Überwachungseinrichtungen möglich. Of course, the invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but can be modified in many ways without departing from the spirit. Thus, in particular the design of the individual modules and their technical realization is variable and the addition or integration in other monitoring devices possible.

Claims

Patentansprüche : Claims:
1. Vorrichtung zur Überwachung von Photovoltaikpaneelen für den Fall des Diebstahls oder der Beschädigung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Fensterkomparator mit programmierter Referenzspannung die bei Dämmerung oder Nacht gegebene Restspannung der Photovoltaikpaneele in die drei Kategorien außerhalb, innerhalb und unterhalb einteilt und je Paneel ein paneeltypisches codiertes Signal zu einer bei dem Wechselrichter befindlichen zentralen Alarmeinrichtung mit Decodierer geschickt wird, der im Fall des Signales unterhalb einen paneelbezogenen Alarm auslöst .1. A device for monitoring photovoltaic panels in the event of theft or damage, characterized in that a window comparator with programmed reference voltage divides the given at dusk or night residual voltage of the photovoltaic panels in the three categories outside, inside and below and divides each panel a panel typical coded Signal is sent to a located at the inverter central alarm device with decoder, which triggers in the case of the signal below a panel-related alarm.
2. Vorrichtung zur Überwachung von Photovoltaikpaneelen für den Fall des Diebstahls oder der Beschädigung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der auf die zum Wechselrichter führenden Leitungen aufgeschaltete Fensterkomparator einen Überspannungsschutz vor dem Fensterkomparator aufweist.2. Device for monitoring of photovoltaic panels in the event of theft or damage, characterized in that the on the inverter leading lines switched window comparator has an overvoltage protection in front of the window comparator.
3. Vorrichtung zur Überwachung von Photovoltaikpaneelen für den Fall des Diebstahls oder der Beschädigung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Fensterkomparator und die Codiereinheit über einen Batteriepuffer mit Strom versorgt wird und der Batteriepuffer tagsüber von den zum Wechselrichter führenden Leitungen gespeist wird.3. A device for monitoring of photovoltaic panels in the event of theft or damage, characterized in that the window comparator and the coding unit is powered by a battery buffer with power and the battery buffer is fed during the day by the lines leading to the inverter.
4. Vorrichtung zur Überwachung von Photovoltaikpaneelen für den Fall des Diebstahls oder der Beschädigung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die im Geräteanschlusskasten befindliche Vorrichtung aus Überspannungsschütz, Fensterkomparator und Codiereinheit Ruhestrom gesichert sind und bei Öffnen des Gehäuses der Ruhestrom unterbrochen wird. 4. Device for monitoring of photovoltaic panels in the event of theft or damage, characterized in that the device located in the terminal box device are protected from overvoltage contactor, window comparator and encoder quiescent current and when opening the housing, the quiescent current is interrupted.
PCT/EP2006/006820 2005-07-12 2006-07-12 Device for monitoring photovoltaic panels WO2007006564A2 (en)

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