WO2006092648A1 - Dispositif de renfort intraparietal pour prothese cardiaque biologique et prothese cardiaque biologique renforcee - Google Patents
Dispositif de renfort intraparietal pour prothese cardiaque biologique et prothese cardiaque biologique renforcee Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006092648A1 WO2006092648A1 PCT/IB2005/000573 IB2005000573W WO2006092648A1 WO 2006092648 A1 WO2006092648 A1 WO 2006092648A1 IB 2005000573 W IB2005000573 W IB 2005000573W WO 2006092648 A1 WO2006092648 A1 WO 2006092648A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heart valve
- biological
- intraparietal
- valve
- base
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
- A61F2/2412—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body with soft flexible valve members, e.g. tissue valves shaped like natural valves
- A61F2/2418—Scaffolds therefor, e.g. support stents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an intraparietal reinforcement device intended to be integrated in a biological valve prosthesis comprising a biological heart valve whose valvular plane is formed by sheets attached laterally to a tubular outer wall by commissures.
- the device is adapted to be placed within the organic tissue of this heart valve and has a base and a stabilizer portion mounted on the base and adapted to be inserted into the tubular outer wall of the heart valve and to strengthen the structure of the latter so as to maintain the shape of the heart valve after implantation.
- the invention also relates to a biological valve prosthesis provided with such a device.
- the present inventors have proposed a new principle for strengthening the biological part of the prosthesis, that is to say normally the animal heart valve, this principle of inserting a reinforcement device to the prosthesis. inside the heart valve tissue instead of using the animal valve without reinforcement in the case of non-stented prostheses or stenting on the valve surface in the case of stented prostheses.
- the device for producing a biological prosthesis of this new kind essentially comprises a short leg on which is fixed a rod intended to be inserted inside the outer wall. tubular biological valve along a line of intersection of this wall with the commissures of the valve.
- This reinforcement device allows the realization of reinforced biological valvular prostheses bringing together the advantages of both conventional non-stented and stented biological prostheses. Indeed, it allows, on the one hand, to produce biological prostheses with a maximum of the surface or even the volume available for their primary heart valve function, as for non-stented prostheses, because space is not occupied by a bulky device like a traditional stent.
- the area around the point of intersection of the line of intersection of the tubular outer wall with the commissures of the heart valve and the valvular plane of the heart valve of the prosthetic valve is distinguished by a particular structure of the fibers that constitute it, this structure making the area fragile.
- the insertion of a rod in this zone can cause dissections of the fibers and consequently damage in the organic tissue in this zone, which can adversely affect the stability and the quality of the prosthesis thus obtained and which can notably constitute primers of rupture of the commissures of the heart valve.
- the object of the present invention is to obviate the aforementioned drawbacks and to create a reinforcement device for biological valvular prostheses which does not cause damage to the biological tissue of the biological valve and which allows a simple and rapid implantation of the cardiac prosthesis. thus obtained.
- the present invention relates to an intraparietal reinforcement device for biological cardiac prostheses comprising the features set forth in claim 1, the stabilizing portion of the device including in particular at least two intraparietal stems adapted to be inserted into the organic tissue of the heart valve, these intraparietal stems being positioned on the base so as to be, once the device is in place on the heart valve, laterally offset from the point of intersection of the line of intersection of the tubular outer wall with the commissures of the heart valve and the valvular plane of the heart valve of the prosthetic valve, as well as biological valvular prostheses provided with at least one such device, as set forth in claim 8 and following.
- the device may comprise a base consisting of a ring or a quasi-ring having an open portion around its periphery.
- the base and / or a fastener attached to the second end of the stems of the reinforcing devices may be covered by a biological material such as pericardium.
- a device is obtained that is suitable for rendering a biological heart prosthesis sufficiently stable and rigid to maintain it in its desired shape after implantation, without damaging the biological tissue of the biological heart valve and without resorting to a bulky conventional stent.
- the device can be implanted, particularly in the case of a circular base, by a relatively simple and fast implantation technique, the biological prosthesis exposing in the embodiment with the metal parts covered by a biological material mainly than biological tissue to the human body after implantation.
- Figures 1a and 1b schematically illustrate the principle and two different embodiments of an intraparietal reinforcement device for biological valvular prostheses.
- Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a third embodiment of an intraparietal reinforcement device for biological valvular prostheses.
- Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of a biological valve prosthesis provided with an intraparietal reinforcement device of a fourth embodiment and placed, for example, between the aortic root and the ascending aorta.
- the invention relates to a biological valvular prosthesis reinforced and adapted for the replacement of a heart valve.
- a cardiac prosthesis can be implanted in the sigmoid (aortic), mitral or tricuspid position respecting the direction of the blood flow.
- the invention relates first of all to the intraparietal reinforcement devices necessary for producing such cardiac prostheses. Before proceeding to the description of the intraparietal reinforcement devices and the cardiac prostheses thus obtained, it is nevertheless useful to briefly describe the natural structure of the human heart valve corresponding to that of the biological valve to be equipped with a view to replacing it, in order to of understand the arrangement of the intraparietal reinforcement device and its location in the reinforced biological valvular prosthesis.
- Such a valve for example an animal aortic valve, or even the corresponding biological cardiac prosthesis is shown schematically in Figure 3, placed in the aorta 20 between the aortic root 21 and the ascending aorta 22.
- the heart valve 10 comprises essentially three leaflets 11a, 11b and 11c forming the valvular plane and a tubular outer wall 12 originally forming part of the tubular wall of the animal aorta and surrounding the plane formed by the leaflets, the latter being at their outer end integral to this tubular outer wall 12. It further comprises, for each of the sheets 11a, 11b and 11c, substantially triangular vertical walls called commissures 13 which extend towards the center of the valve or the heart chamber for the mitral or tricuspid positions.
- commissures 13 are integral, on the one hand, with the two ends of the sheets 11a, 11b and 11c oriented inside the valve or the cardiac cavity for the mitral or tricuspid positions and, on the other hand, of the tubular outer wall 12.
- blood flow can propagate in the direction of the aortic root 21 to the ascending aorta 22, or from the atrium to the corresponding ventricular cavity, as indicated by the arrows in the figure. 3, while this is not possible in the opposite direction.
- the valve serving as a biological part of the reinforced biological valvular prosthesis is often removed from the animal aorta and, in the case of a replacement of the aortic valve described here by way of example, the end of the tubular outer wall 12 oriented in the direction of blood flow and carrying the commissures 13 is normally cut in a sinusoidal form.
- This allows, on the one hand, to integrate the sino-tubular junctions 14 corresponding to the highest points of contact, with respect to the valve plane, between the tubular outer wall 12 and the commissures 13 and, on the other hand, to provide space for the right coronary artery 23a respectively the left coronary artery 23b opening at the level of the right Valsalva sinus 24a respectively of the Valsalva sinus left 24b.
- the portion of this wall 12 facing the non-coronal Valsalva sinus 24c may also include a sinusoidal shape.
- FIGS. a and 1b Given this natural configuration of the aortic valve and, in general, biological heart valves used in biological cardiac prostheses, the structure of an intraparietal reinforcement device according to the present invention, as shown by way of example in FIGS. a and 1b, can be better understood.
- Figure 1a shows a first embodiment of an intraparietal reinforcement device 1 according to the present invention which is intended to be integrated in a biological valve prosthesis comprising a biological heart valve 10 having a structure as described above.
- This intraparietal reinforcement device 1 is adapted to be placed, at least partially, inside the organic tissue of this heart valve 10 because it comprises a base 3 and a stabilizing portion 2 mounted on the base 3
- the stabilizing portion 2 is adapted to be inserted within the tubular outer wall 12 of the heart valve 10 and to strengthen the structure of the heart valve 10 so as to maintain the shape of the heart valve 10 after implantation.
- the stabilizing portion 2 comprises at least two intraparietal stems 2a, 2b adapted to be inserted into the organic tissue of the heart valve 10, these intraparietal rods 2a, 2b being positioned on the base 3 so that, once the device is placed on the heart valve 10, laterally offset from the intersection point of the intersection line of the tubular outer wall 12 with the commissures 13 of the heart valve 10 and the valvular plane of the heart valve 10 of the valve prosthesis.
- the fiber structure of this zone is not affected, resulting in a better stability and quality of the biological valve prosthesis. strengthened.
- the order of magnitude of the lateral offset from the point of intersection is at least 2 mm. and may be up to about half the height between the sino-tubular junctions 14 and the minima in the sinusoidal shape of the tubular outer wall 12 between these junctions 14.
- the tubular outer wall 12 shows a fairly constant stiffness and the exact location of the intraparietal rods 2a, 2b outside this sensitive zone is chosen so as to place the reinforcement device 1 sufficiently far from this zone while guaranteeing the desired stability of the cardiac prosthesis.
- the intraparietal rods 2a, 2b forming the stabilizing portion 2 are preferably positioned on the base 3 with an identical lateral offset on either side of the point on this base 3 corresponding to the point of intersection once.
- the device 1 being placed on the heart valve 10.
- Figure 1a and in Figure 1b which shows a second embodiment of a reinforcing device 1 according to the present invention comprising more of two, in the set illustrated six intraparietal stems 2a-2f.
- the number of rods 2 and their lateral offset from the intersection point can obviously be chosen differently from the illustrated configurations, including having an irregular lateral shift.
- the location of the stems 2 can also go above the half-height quoted above between the sino-tubular junctions 14 and the minima in the sinusoidal form of the tubular outer wall 12 between these junctions 14.
- the intraparietal rods 2 form a right angle relative to the base 3.
- the rods 2 are laterally and parallel to each other line of intersection of the tubular outer wall 12 with the commissures 13 of the heart valve 10 of the valve prosthesis, once the device 1 is placed on the heart valve 10 to form a prosthesis reinforced valve.
- this perpendicular arrangement between the rods 2 and the base 3, in which the rods 2 are also parallel to the axis of the heart valve 10 simplifies the placement of the device 1 on the heart valve 10.
- the intraparietal stems 2 of an intraparietal reinforcement device 1 are preferably straight. They may also have a helical shape, so as to form a "miniature corkscrew” or they may include on their surface a helical portion, to stabilize the device 1 in the position in which it was introduced into the fabric of
- the intraparietal stems 2 may comprise, at the second end not fixed to the base 3 and opposite the first end which serves as a point of attachment on the base 3, a pointed part adapted to pierce and to penetrate, without causing damage, the organic tissue of the heart valve.
- the base 3 of such an intraparietal reinforcement device 1 may consist of a curved bar 3a, as shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b, or possibly straight, if the lateral offset of the stems 2 n is not important.
- the base 3 may also preferably consist of a ring 3b, see FIG. 3, or a quasi-ring 3c having an open portion around its periphery, which makes it possible to have a positioning game on the cardiac valve 10, as shown in FIG. 2.
- a circular base 3 in the form of a ring 3b or a quasi-ring 3c the placement of the reinforced valve prosthesis is amply simplified and accelerated for the surgeon practicing implantation due to the rigidity of the basic structure of the cardiac prosthesis.
- An intraparietal reinforcement device 1 may also comprise at least one end portion in the form of a fastener 4 adapted to be fixed on the second end of the rods 2 in order to better secure them on the tubular outer wall 12.
- this fastener plays, especially in the case where the second end of a rod 2 comprises a pointed part, the role of a cap to cover this pointed part and to guarantee the stability of the device 1 in the position in which it was introduced into the organic tissue of the heart valve 10.
- the clip 4 may be straight or curved, the curvature corresponding to the curvature of the outer circumference of the heart valve 10 at the plane where the clip must be placed.
- the fastener 4 can be placed substantially parallel to the base 3 or inclined so as to follow the sinusoidal shape of the wall tubular outer 12 on its end oriented in the direction of the flow of blood. It can be fixed on one or possibly several intraparietal rods 2, as shown in Figure 1b.
- An intraparietal reinforcement device 1 is made of a material adapted to guarantee sufficient stability while having a certain flexibility, such as a flexible and / or semi-rigid and / or rigid polymer, or a flexible metal such as titanium. . It is produced in different sizes in order to have a set of reinforcing devices 1 for equipping biological valves 10 of corresponding sizes to provide all the sizes of cardiac prostheses required for surgical practice.
- the embodiment comprising a base 3 in quasi-ring 3c has an additional clearance for the positioning of the device 1 on the heart valve 10. It remains now, after describing the reinforcing device 1 according to the present invention. as such, to describe in detail all of such a device 1 and a biological heart valve 10 forming a reinforced biological valvular prosthesis according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows, as indicated above, a schematic view of a biological valve prosthesis for the replacement, by way of example, of the aortic valve 10, provided with an intraparietal reinforcement device 1 according to the present invention and placed in the aorta 20, between the aortic root 21 and the ascending aorta 22.
- This biological valvular prosthesis comprises a biological heart valve 10 whose valvular plane is, according to the general description above, formed by leaflets 11 attached laterally to a tubular outer wall 12 by commissures 13.
- the heart valve 10 is provided with at least one intraparietal reinforcement device 1 of an embodiment described above.
- the intraparietal stems 2 of the intraparietal reinforcement devices 1 are normally inserted inside the tubular outer wall 12 of the valve biological heartbeat 10 so as to be positioned parallel to the lines of intersection of this wall 12 with the commissures 13 of the heart valve 10, once the device 1 is put in place on the heart valve 10.
- the base 3 of a device 1 is located in the lower part of the biological prosthesis at the level of the valve plane, this level also serving as the insertion point of the device 1 see rods 2 in the tissue of the heart valve 10.
- the fasteners 4 are, if necessary, placed on the second end of the rods 2.
- the length of a rod 2 of the device 1 depends on the size of the aortic valve, mitral or tricuspid to equip and the location of the rod along the tubular outer wall 12 of sinusoidal shape, the length normally being between 3 mm and 30 mm.
- the thickness of the elements of the device is generally a few tenths of a millimeter.
- the base 3 and / or, if appropriate, the fastener 4 of the intraparietal reinforcement devices 1 are covered by a biological material such as pericardium.
- the biological prosthesis does not expose, due to the coverage of artificial parts by pericardium or any other suitable biological material, mainly biological tissue to the blood circuit and human tissue after implantation.
- the base 3 and / or the fastener 4 of the intraparietal reinforcement devices may be covered by a fabric made of a synthetic material such as Teflon, Dacron, Goretex, etc.
- An intraparietal reinforcement device and a reinforced biological valvular prosthesis thus obtained can be used for the replacement of the sigmoid valve of the aorta, mitral or tricuspid, the space occupied by the means of reinforcement of the cardiac prosthesis being minimized as it does not require a large conventional stent. As a result, the space reserved for the blood circulation is less obstructed, which is an important factor for the implanted patient.
- such a device makes it possible to make a biological heart prosthesis sufficiently stable and rigid to maintain it in its desired shape after implantation without damaging the biological tissue of the biological heart valve, in particular the area around the point of inking of the commissures. .
- a biological valvular prosthesis reinforced with the intraparietal reinforcement devices according to the present invention allows, by design, to be implanted in a relatively simple and rapid manner, in particular in the case of a circular base, the that the latter and the rods of the reinforcing device serve simultaneously as a means of reinforcement and locating means for the surgeon who must perform the implantation, with a precise orientation, in a place yet difficult to access within the body. natural orifice.
- covering the metallic parts of the cardiac prosthesis with a biological material such as pericardium may allow mainly biological tissue to be exposed to the blood circuit and the human tissue only after the reinforced biological valve prosthesis has been implanted.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2005328535A AU2005328535B2 (en) | 2005-03-01 | 2005-03-01 | Intraparietal reinforcing device for biological cardiac prosthesis and reinforced biological heart valve prosthesis |
US11/814,155 US7927369B2 (en) | 2005-03-01 | 2005-03-01 | Intraparietal reinforcing device for biological cardiac prosthesis and reinforced biological heart valve prosthesis |
JP2007557600A JP4786668B2 (ja) | 2005-03-01 | 2005-03-01 | 生物学的な心臓補綴物のための体壁内の補強装置、及び補強された生物学的な心臓弁の補綴物 |
CZ20070547A CZ2007547A3 (cs) | 2005-03-01 | 2005-03-01 | Intraparietální výztužný prostredek pro biologickou srdecní protézu a vyztužená biologická protéza srdecní chlopne |
EP05708678A EP1858449A1 (fr) | 2005-03-01 | 2005-03-01 | Dispositif de renfort intraparietal pour prothese cardiaque biologique et prothese cardiaque biologique renforcee |
NZ556340A NZ556340A (en) | 2005-03-01 | 2005-03-01 | Intraparietal reinforcing device for biological cardiac prosthesis and reinforced biological heart valve prosthesis |
PCT/IB2005/000573 WO2006092648A1 (fr) | 2005-03-01 | 2005-03-01 | Dispositif de renfort intraparietal pour prothese cardiaque biologique et prothese cardiaque biologique renforcee |
CA2598794A CA2598794C (fr) | 2005-03-01 | 2005-03-01 | Dispositif de renfort intraparietal pour prothese cardiaque biologique et prothese cardiaque biologique renforcee |
MX2007010600A MX2007010600A (es) | 2005-03-01 | 2005-03-01 | Dispersion de refuerzo intraparietal para protesis cardiaca biologica y protesis biologica reforzada de valvula cardiaca. |
NO20074478A NO20074478L (no) | 2005-03-01 | 2007-09-03 | Intraparietal forsterkningsanordning for biologisk hjerteprotese og forsterket biologisk hjerteventilprotese |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2005/000573 WO2006092648A1 (fr) | 2005-03-01 | 2005-03-01 | Dispositif de renfort intraparietal pour prothese cardiaque biologique et prothese cardiaque biologique renforcee |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006092648A1 true WO2006092648A1 (fr) | 2006-09-08 |
Family
ID=35429147
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2005/000573 WO2006092648A1 (fr) | 2005-03-01 | 2005-03-01 | Dispositif de renfort intraparietal pour prothese cardiaque biologique et prothese cardiaque biologique renforcee |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7927369B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1858449A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4786668B2 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2005328535B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2598794C (fr) |
CZ (1) | CZ2007547A3 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2007010600A (fr) |
NO (1) | NO20074478L (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2006092648A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
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US7815677B2 (en) | 2007-07-09 | 2010-10-19 | Leman Cardiovascular Sa | Reinforcement device for a biological valve and reinforced biological valve |
US7854763B2 (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2010-12-21 | Leman Cardiovascular Sa | Intraparietal aortic valve reinforcement device and reinforced aortic valve |
US11285243B2 (en) | 2007-10-17 | 2022-03-29 | Envveno Medical Corporation | Biological valve for venous insufficiency |
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US9504562B2 (en) * | 2010-01-12 | 2016-11-29 | Valve Medical Ltd. | Self-assembling modular percutaneous valve and methods of folding, assembly and delivery |
RU2479287C2 (ru) * | 2011-05-10 | 2013-04-20 | Ирина Юрьевна Журавлева | Биологический протез аортального клапана сердца |
EP3139866A4 (fr) | 2014-05-09 | 2017-12-13 | Foldax, Inc. | Valvules cardiaques de remplacement, et leurs procédés d'utilisation et de fabrication |
US10507101B2 (en) | 2014-10-13 | 2019-12-17 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Valved conduit |
US11351058B2 (en) | 2017-03-17 | 2022-06-07 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Glaucoma treatment systems and methods |
CA3078607C (fr) * | 2017-10-31 | 2022-07-26 | W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Conduit a clapet |
USD977642S1 (en) | 2018-10-29 | 2023-02-07 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Pulmonary valve conduit |
US11678983B2 (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2023-06-20 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Implantable component with socket |
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- 2005-03-01 MX MX2007010600A patent/MX2007010600A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2005-03-01 WO PCT/IB2005/000573 patent/WO2006092648A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2005-03-01 CA CA2598794A patent/CA2598794C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-03-01 JP JP2007557600A patent/JP4786668B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-03-01 CZ CZ20070547A patent/CZ2007547A3/cs unknown
- 2005-03-01 EP EP05708678A patent/EP1858449A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-01 US US11/814,155 patent/US7927369B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-03-01 AU AU2005328535A patent/AU2005328535B2/en not_active Ceased
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2007
- 2007-09-03 NO NO20074478A patent/NO20074478L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7854763B2 (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2010-12-21 | Leman Cardiovascular Sa | Intraparietal aortic valve reinforcement device and reinforced aortic valve |
US7815677B2 (en) | 2007-07-09 | 2010-10-19 | Leman Cardiovascular Sa | Reinforcement device for a biological valve and reinforced biological valve |
US11285243B2 (en) | 2007-10-17 | 2022-03-29 | Envveno Medical Corporation | Biological valve for venous insufficiency |
US11338064B2 (en) | 2007-10-17 | 2022-05-24 | Envveno Medical Corporation | Biological valve for venous insufficiency |
US11471568B2 (en) | 2007-10-17 | 2022-10-18 | Envveno Medical Corporation | Biological valve for venous insufficiency |
US11577004B2 (en) | 2007-10-17 | 2023-02-14 | Envveno Medical Corporation | Biological valve for venous insufficiency |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2005328535A1 (en) | 2006-09-08 |
CA2598794A1 (fr) | 2006-09-08 |
CA2598794C (fr) | 2012-01-03 |
AU2005328535B2 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
EP1858449A1 (fr) | 2007-11-28 |
CZ2007547A3 (cs) | 2007-10-24 |
US7927369B2 (en) | 2011-04-19 |
JP2008531165A (ja) | 2008-08-14 |
NO20074478L (no) | 2007-09-03 |
JP4786668B2 (ja) | 2011-10-05 |
MX2007010600A (es) | 2007-10-10 |
US20080133005A1 (en) | 2008-06-05 |
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