WO2006087263A1 - Device for intraoperative registration - Google Patents

Device for intraoperative registration Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006087263A1
WO2006087263A1 PCT/EP2006/050564 EP2006050564W WO2006087263A1 WO 2006087263 A1 WO2006087263 A1 WO 2006087263A1 EP 2006050564 W EP2006050564 W EP 2006050564W WO 2006087263 A1 WO2006087263 A1 WO 2006087263A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
arrangement according
patient
reference elements
elements
bearing surface
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PCT/EP2006/050564
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hayo Knoop
Ulrich Wyslucha
Original Assignee
Maquet Gmbh & Co. Kg
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Publication of WO2006087263A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006087263A1/en

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/04Positioning of patients; Tiltable beds or the like
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/10Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges for stereotaxic surgery, e.g. frame-based stereotaxis
    • A61B90/14Fixators for body parts, e.g. skull clamps; Constructional details of fixators, e.g. pins
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00535Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pneumatically or hydraulically operated
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/20Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
    • A61B2034/2046Tracking techniques
    • A61B2034/2055Optical tracking systems
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • A61B2090/3933Liquid markers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • A61B2090/3983Reference marker arrangements for use with image guided surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • A61B2090/3995Multi-modality markers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/20Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves 
    • A61B5/055Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves  involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/04Positioning of patients; Tiltable beds or the like
    • A61B6/0407Supports, e.g. tables or beds, for the body or parts of the body
    • A61B6/0421Supports, e.g. tables or beds, for the body or parts of the body with immobilising means
    • A61B6/0428Patient cradles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1048Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
    • A61N5/1049Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the position of the patient with respect to the radiation beam

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for automatic intraoperative registration based on image data sets that have been created by means of an intraoperative tomography method of an anatomical region of a patient.
  • Registration is understood to mean in the following calculations, with the help of which several 3-D objects in the same coordinate system can be related.
  • intraoperative registration generally takes place on the basis of preoperatively acquired 3-D patient image data.
  • image data sets that have been created from an anatomical region of the patient by means of computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance tomography (MRI, MRI).
  • CT computer tomography
  • MRI magnetic resonance tomography
  • Positions from the respective image dataset should be retrieved during the operation on the patient. It should also be possible to assess the position and orientation tion of surgical instruments in the image data and to control what is commonly referred to as navigation in the following.
  • Procedures with invasively placed markings are today considered the standard with the highest achievable accuracy. Bone-supported, stereotactic frames or small screws are used as markings, which can be identified both in the image data set and intraoperatively. If the markings are known (image data record position to intraoperative position), the registration can be calculated from this. For this a CT or MRI examination with the attached markings is needed.
  • a disadvantage of this solution is that the invasively set markings burden the patient by the additional intervention for the attachment of the markers and extend the overall duration of the operation.
  • non-invasive procedures it is possible to manually or semi-automatically identify anatomical regions (landmarks) or pasted markings intraoperatively and in the dataset and thus establish an association.
  • non-invasive surface-based methods which reconstruct the surface of the human tissue (skin, bone) both from the image data record and record intraoperatively, for example by means of a laser scanner and calculate the registration with a known allocation.
  • a disadvantage of these methods is their relatively low accuracy and also high expenditure of time. The causes lie in the manual assignment of landmarks, the variability of the corresponding surface (eg skin shifts), the different interpretation by the surgeon or the intraoperative lighting situation in a surface scan.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an arrangement of the type mentioned above, which allows automatic intraoperative registration with high accuracy and the least possible burden on the patient.
  • a patient support surface which is CT or MRI-capable, has means for fixing a patient on the storage area and is provided with stereotactic reference elements.
  • an operation can be continued immediately after the intraoperative imaging without delay.
  • the patient support surface may be a flyable operating table bearing surface or a displaceable radiographic support (transfer board) located thereon.
  • the registration takes place in the following manner:
  • the patient is first temporarily fixed on the bearing surface, for example with the aid of straps, fixed anatomical impressions and / or vacuum pads.
  • the image data records are then created in the tomograph, the reference elements being automatically recognized in the image data. From the position of the reference elements, the position and thus the registration to the image data set can then be calculated by means of an automatic algorithm.
  • the patient remains fixed on the bearing surface so that the registration is maintained during the subsequent procedure.
  • the reference elements can be arranged or formed directly in the bearing surface.
  • the patient support surface may be at least have a part of their length a profile with the support surface for the patient laterally limiting spars, which facilitate a fixation of the patient on the bearing surface, wherein at least a part of the reference elements is arranged in the lateral bars.
  • the reference elements in a patient at least partially enclosing, for example, U-shaped frame which is detachably connected to the patient support surface.
  • the reference elements of cavities are formed in the material of the bearing surface or of the frame which can be connected to it. These cavities may be filled with air or a contrasting material.
  • Such a material is for example aluminum or titanium rods.
  • this material is useful only in conjunction with the removable profile frame because the aluminum or titanium rods may form artifacts.
  • the cavities are fillable via closable openings with a contrast agent and evacuated. This offers the possibility to use a suitable for the imaging method used contrast agent.
  • the bearing surface or the detachably connected to it frame has an interface for the spatially defined coupling of a reference body, which can then be used by the devices to the position and orientation of represent or control surgical instruments.
  • Such a reference body preferably comprises a plurality of radiation-reflecting or emitting elements which have a fixed spatial association with one another.
  • Such elements may be, for example, reflective balls, infrared diodes or RF coils.
  • the intervention Other specific coupling elements of the interface and the reference body expediently designed so that they ensure a unique spatial position of the reference body relative to the bearing surface fixed reference elements when meshing.
  • the reference elements can be rod-shaped in a manner known per se, wherein at least a part of the reference elements is arranged so that the longitudinal axes of at least two reference elements each have an actual or virtual common point of intersection.
  • the solution according to the invention offers a possibility for largely automatic intraoperative registration.
  • the manual interventions of the surgeon or the surgical staff are limited to arranging the frame on the bearing surface, if such is provided, or on the attachment of the reference body.
  • the bearing surface according to the invention can be used independently of the type of imaging device and is in principle suitable for X-ray and MRI applications by appropriate choice of the filling material for the reference elements.
  • the interface does not bind the user to the use of a particular navigation system, but can use the reference body suitable for this purpose.
  • the storage area according to the invention can also be used for various surgical disciplines. This applies in particular to the embodiment with the removable frame, since it can always be used on the anatomical region of the patient to be examined or treated.
  • the method described above is non-invasive because no bone-worn markers are used. By saving a preoperative procedure, the patient is less stressed and gains time. Time savings are also made possible by automatic registration (saving manual registration of eg landmarks) and the possibility to continue the operation immediately.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a patient support surface according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 1 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 1 of a single section of a patient support surface
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross section through a bearing surface according to a second embodiment
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic section through a serving as a reference element with a contrast agent fillable cavity
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of a portion of the patient support surface with arranged on this reference bodies and
  • the patient support surface generally designated 10 in FIG. 1 comprises a base frame 12 and support pads 14 disposed therein for a patient 16.
  • the base frame 12 consists of longitudinal beams 18 and a bottom 20. Holes 22 are formed in the base 20 and the longitudinal beams 18 , which serve as reference elements.
  • the patient support surface can be integrally formed, as shown in Figure 1, or consist of several segments of the type shown in Figure 2, which are hinged together, so that they are mutually adjustable, as is known in operating table surfaces. Under certain circumstances, only one segment of a multi-part operating table surface in the manner shown in Figure 2 is formed.
  • the patient bearing surface consists of a base plate 24 and a releasably connected thereto U-shaped profile frame 26, as well as the base frame 12 of the embodiment of Figure 1 has two longitudinal members 18 and a bottom or cross member 20 in which the holes or cavities 22 serving as reference elements are formed.
  • the cavities 22 may be filled with air, evacuated or filled with a contrast material, which may for example also consist of metal.
  • the cavities 22 can each be filled with a contrast medium via a supply line 28 and a valve 30 from the outside, or can be emptied again. In this way, the holes or cavities 22 can be filled with the appropriate contrast agent for the respective imaging method.
  • FIG. 5 shows two bores 22 serving as reference elements, which form an angle with one another, so that their longitudinal axes are arranged in one another. intersect at point 32. This intersection 32 can serve as a reference point for the registration.
  • reference bodies 22 for locating and controlling as well as tracking patient movements are arranged on the bearing surface 10 itself.
  • These reference bodies can consist of radiation-reflecting spheres or radiation-emitting infrared or light-emitting diodes or else be formed by HF coils.
  • an interface in the form of a universal coupling 36 is formed on the patient support surface, for example a spar 18, which can be coupled with a reference body 38 which carries a counter-coupling 40 in a clearly defined relative position.
  • the reference body 38 again comprises balls 34 corresponding to the balls 34 in FIG. 6 or light-emitting diodes or HF coils.
  • the balls 42 are in a unique spatial relationship to a predetermined position of the image data sets, so that a device to be controlled can be precisely controlled by reference to these balls 42.

Abstract

A device for automatic intraoperative registration based on image data records established of an anatomic region of a patient using an intraoperative tomography method comprises a patient bearing surface (10) that is CT- or MRT-capable, has means for securing a patient to the bearing surface, and is provided with stereotactic reference elements (22).

Description

Anordnung zur intraoperativen Registrierung Arrangement for intraoperative registration
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung zur automatischen intraoperativen Registrierung aufgrund von Bilddatensätzen, die mittels eines intraoperativen Tomographieverfahrens von einer anatomischen Region eines Patienten erstellt wurden.The invention relates to an arrangement for automatic intraoperative registration based on image data sets that have been created by means of an intraoperative tomography method of an anatomical region of a patient.
Unter Registrierung werden im folgenden Berechnungen verstanden, mit deren Hilfe mehrere 3-D-Objekte im gleichen Koordinatensystem in Beziehung gesetzt werden können.Registration is understood to mean in the following calculations, with the help of which several 3-D objects in the same coordinate system can be related.
Die intraoperative Registrierung findet heute in der Regel auf der Basis präoperativ gewonnener 3-D-Patientenbilddaten statt. Dies sind beispielsweise Bilddatensätze, die von einer anatomischen Region des Patienten mittels Computertomographen (CT) oder Magnetresonanztomographen( MRT, Kernspin) erstellt wurden. Dabei sollen Positionen aus dem jeweiligen Bilddatensatz (z.B. die Lage eines erkannten Tumors) während der Operation am Patienten wiedergefunden werden. Ferner soll die Möglichkeit bestehen, die Position und Orientie- rung von chirurgischen Instrumenten in den Bilddaten darzustellen und zu steuern, was im folgenden allgemein als Navigation bezeichnet wird.Today, intraoperative registration generally takes place on the basis of preoperatively acquired 3-D patient image data. These are, for example, image data sets that have been created from an anatomical region of the patient by means of computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance tomography (MRI, MRI). Positions from the respective image dataset (eg the position of a recognized tumor) should be retrieved during the operation on the patient. It should also be possible to assess the position and orientation tion of surgical instruments in the image data and to control what is commonly referred to as navigation in the following.
Die meisten heutigen Verfahren werden durch am Patienten angebrachte Markierungen unterstützt.Most of today's procedures are supported by patient-applied markers.
Verfahren mit invasiv gesetzten Markierungen gelten heute als der Standard mit der höchsten erzielbaren Genauigkeit. Dabei kommen als Markierung knochengetragene, stereotaktische Rahmen oder kleine Schrauben zum Einsatz, die sowohl im Bilddatensatz als auch intraoperativ identifiziert werden können. Bei bekannter Zuordnung der Markierungen (Bilddatensatzposition zu intraoperativer Position) kann daraus die Registrierung berechnet werden. Hierzu wird eine CT- oder MRT-Untersuchung mit den angebrachten Markierungen benötigt. Nachteilig an dieser Lösung ist, dass die invasiv gesetzten Markierungen den Patienten durch den zusätzlichen Eingriff für das Anbringen der Markierungen belasten und insgesamt die Operationsdauer verlängern.Procedures with invasively placed markings are today considered the standard with the highest achievable accuracy. Bone-supported, stereotactic frames or small screws are used as markings, which can be identified both in the image data set and intraoperatively. If the markings are known (image data record position to intraoperative position), the registration can be calculated from this. For this a CT or MRI examination with the attached markings is needed. A disadvantage of this solution is that the invasively set markings burden the patient by the additional intervention for the attachment of the markers and extend the overall duration of the operation.
Bei den nicht-invasiven Verfahren gibt es die Möglichkeit, manuell oder semiautomatisch anatomische Regionen (Landmarken) oder aufgeklebte Markierungen intraoperativ und im Datensatz zu identifizieren und so eine Zuordnung herzustellen. Ferner werden nicht-invasive oberflächenbasierte Verfahren verwendet, welche die Oberfläche des menschlichen Gewebes (Haut, Knochen) sowohl aus dem Bilddatensatz rekonstruieren als auch intraoperativ, z.B. mittels eines Laserscanners aufnehmen und bei bekannter Zuordnung die Registrierung berechnen. Nachteilig an diesen Verfahren ist ihre relativ geringe Genauigkeit und der ebenfalls hohe Zeitaufwand. Die Ursachen liegen dabei in der manuellen Zuordnung von Landmarken, der Variabilität der korrespondierenden Oberfläche (z.B. Hautverschiebungen), der unterschiedlichen Interpretation durch den Chirurgen oder der intraoperativen Beleuchtungssituation bei einem Oberflächenscan. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Anordnung der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, die eine automatische intraoperative Registrierung mit hoher Genauigkeit und möglichst geringer Belastung für den Patienten ermöglicht.In non-invasive procedures, it is possible to manually or semi-automatically identify anatomical regions (landmarks) or pasted markings intraoperatively and in the dataset and thus establish an association. Furthermore, non-invasive surface-based methods are used, which reconstruct the surface of the human tissue (skin, bone) both from the image data record and record intraoperatively, for example by means of a laser scanner and calculate the registration with a known allocation. A disadvantage of these methods is their relatively low accuracy and also high expenditure of time. The causes lie in the manual assignment of landmarks, the variability of the corresponding surface (eg skin shifts), the different interpretation by the surgeon or the intraoperative lighting situation in a surface scan. The invention has for its object to provide an arrangement of the type mentioned above, which allows automatic intraoperative registration with high accuracy and the least possible burden on the patient.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch eine Patientenlagerfläche, die CT- oder MRT-fähig ist, Mittel zur Fixierung eines Patienten auf der Lagerfläche hat und mit stereotaktischen Referenzelementen versehen ist. Durch die Erfindung kann eine Operation sofort nach der intraoperativen Bildgebung ohne Zeitverzögerung fortgesetzt werden.This object is achieved by a patient support surface, which is CT or MRI-capable, has means for fixing a patient on the storage area and is provided with stereotactic reference elements. By the invention, an operation can be continued immediately after the intraoperative imaging without delay.
Bei der Patientenlagerfläche kann es sich dabei um eine durchstrahlbare Operationstischlagerfläche oder um eine auf dieser befindliche, verschiebbare durchstrahlbare Unterlage (Transferboard) handeln.The patient support surface may be a flyable operating table bearing surface or a displaceable radiographic support (transfer board) located thereon.
Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Patientenlagerfläche erfolgt die Registrierung in der folgenden Weise: Der Patient wird zunächst auf der Lagerfläche temporär fixiert, beispielweise mit Hilfe von Gurten, fixierten anatomischen Abdrücken und/oder Vakuumkissen. In dem Tomographen werden dann die Bilddatensätze erstellt, wobei die Referenzelemente automatisch in den Bilddaten erkannt werden. Aus der Lage der Referenzelemente kann dann die Position und damit die Registrierung zum Bilddatensatz mittels eines automatischen Algorithmus berechnet werden. Während der sich unmittelbar anschließenden Operation bleibt der Patient auf der Lagerfläche fixiert, so dass die Registrierung während des folgenden Eingriffes erhalten bleibt.With the patient support surface according to the invention, the registration takes place in the following manner: The patient is first temporarily fixed on the bearing surface, for example with the aid of straps, fixed anatomical impressions and / or vacuum pads. The image data records are then created in the tomograph, the reference elements being automatically recognized in the image data. From the position of the reference elements, the position and thus the registration to the image data set can then be calculated by means of an automatic algorithm. During the immediately following operation, the patient remains fixed on the bearing surface so that the registration is maintained during the subsequent procedure.
Die Referenzelemente können direkt in der Lagerfläche angeordnet oder ausgebildet sein. So kann beispielsweise die Patientenlagerfläche auf zumindest einem Teil ihrer Länge ein Profil mit die Auflagefläche für den Patienten seitlich begrenzenden Holmen haben, die eine Fixierung des Patienten auf der Lagerfläche erleichtern, wobei mindestens ein Teil der Referenzelemente in den seitlichen Holmen angeordnet ist. Es besteht aber auch die Möglichkeit, die Referenzelemente in einem den Patienten mindestens teilweise umschließenden, beispielsweise U-förmigen Rahmen vorzusehen, der mit der Patientenlagerfläche lösbar verbunden ist. Vorzugsweise sind die Referenzelemente von Hohlräumen in dem Material der Lagerfläche oder des mit ihr verbindbaren Rahmens gebildet. Diese Hohlräume können mit Luft oder einem kontrastgebenden Material gefüllt sein. Ein solches Material sind z.B. Aluminium- oder Titanstäbe. Allerdings ist dieses Material bei ausschließlicher Diagnostik nur sinnvoll in Verbindung mit dem abnehmbaren Profilrahmen einsetzbar, da die Aluminiumoder Titanstäbe möglicherweise Artefakte bilden.The reference elements can be arranged or formed directly in the bearing surface. For example, the patient support surface may be at least have a part of their length a profile with the support surface for the patient laterally limiting spars, which facilitate a fixation of the patient on the bearing surface, wherein at least a part of the reference elements is arranged in the lateral bars. But it is also possible to provide the reference elements in a patient at least partially enclosing, for example, U-shaped frame which is detachably connected to the patient support surface. Preferably, the reference elements of cavities are formed in the material of the bearing surface or of the frame which can be connected to it. These cavities may be filled with air or a contrasting material. Such a material is for example aluminum or titanium rods. However, with exclusive diagnostics, this material is useful only in conjunction with the removable profile frame because the aluminum or titanium rods may form artifacts.
Vorzugsweise sind die Hohlräume über verschließbare Öffnungen mit einem Kontrastmittel befüllbar und evakuierbar. Dies bietet die Möglichkeit, ein für das jeweils verwendete bildgebende Verfahren geeignetes Kontrastmittel einzusetzen.Preferably, the cavities are fillable via closable openings with a contrast agent and evacuated. This offers the possibility to use a suitable for the imaging method used contrast agent.
Um die Registrierung anschließend für verschiedene Geräte nutzen zu können, ist es zweckmäßig, wenn die Lagerfläche oder der lösbar mit ihr verbundene Rahmen eine Schnittstelle zur räumlich definierten Ankopplung eines Referenzkörpers hat, der dann von den Geräten genutzt werden kann, um die Position und Orientierung von chirurgischen Instrumenten darzustellen oder diese zu steuern.In order to subsequently use the registration for different devices, it is expedient if the bearing surface or the detachably connected to it frame has an interface for the spatially defined coupling of a reference body, which can then be used by the devices to the position and orientation of represent or control surgical instruments.
Vorzugsweise umfasst ein solcher Referenzkörper eine Mehrzahl von Strahlung reflektierenden oder aussendenden Elementen, die eine feste räumliche Zuordnung zueinander haben. Solche Elemente können beispielsweise reflektierende Kugeln, Infrarotdioden oder HF-Spulen sein. Dabei sind die zum Eingriff mitein- ander bestimmten Kupplungselemente der Schnittstelle und des Referenzkörpers zweckmäßigerweise so ausgebildet, dass sie beim Ineinandergreifen eine eindeutige räumliche Position des Referenzkörpers relativ zu den lagerflächen- festen Referenzelementen gewährleisten.Such a reference body preferably comprises a plurality of radiation-reflecting or emitting elements which have a fixed spatial association with one another. Such elements may be, for example, reflective balls, infrared diodes or RF coils. Here, the intervention Other specific coupling elements of the interface and the reference body expediently designed so that they ensure a unique spatial position of the reference body relative to the bearing surface fixed reference elements when meshing.
Die Referenzelemente können in an sich bekannter Weise stabförmig sein, wobei mindestens ein Teil der Referenzelemente so angeordnet ist, dass die Längsachsen jeweils mindestens zweier Referenzelemente einen tatsächlichen oder virtuellen gemeinsamen Schnittpunkt haben.The reference elements can be rod-shaped in a manner known per se, wherein at least a part of the reference elements is arranged so that the longitudinal axes of at least two reference elements each have an actual or virtual common point of intersection.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung bietet eine Möglichkeit zur weitgehend automatischen intraoperativen Registrierung. Die manuellen Eingriffe des Chirurgen oder des OP-Personals beschränken sich auf das Anordnen des Rahmens an der Lagerfläche, sofern ein solcher vorgesehen ist, bzw. auf das Anbringen des Referenzkörpers. Die erfindungsgemäße Lagerfläche kann unabhängig von der Art des bildgebenden Gerätes verwendet werden und ist prinzipiell für Röntgen- und Kernspinanwendungen geeignet durch entsprechende Wahl des Füllmaterials für die Referenzelemente. Durch die Schnittstelle ist der Anwender außerdem nicht an die Verwendung eines bestimmten Navigationssystems gebunden, sondern kann den hierfür geeigneten Referenzkörper einsetzen. Die erfindungsgemäße Lagerfläche ist auch für verschiedene chirurgische Disziplinen verwendbar. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Ausführungsform mit dem abnehmbaren Rahmen, da dieser immer an der zu untersuchenden oder zu behandelnden anatomischen Region des Patienten eingesetzt werden kann.The solution according to the invention offers a possibility for largely automatic intraoperative registration. The manual interventions of the surgeon or the surgical staff are limited to arranging the frame on the bearing surface, if such is provided, or on the attachment of the reference body. The bearing surface according to the invention can be used independently of the type of imaging device and is in principle suitable for X-ray and MRI applications by appropriate choice of the filling material for the reference elements. In addition, the interface does not bind the user to the use of a particular navigation system, but can use the reference body suitable for this purpose. The storage area according to the invention can also be used for various surgical disciplines. This applies in particular to the embodiment with the removable frame, since it can always be used on the anatomical region of the patient to be examined or treated.
Das vorstehend beschriebene Verfahren ist nicht invasiv, da keine knochengetragenen Markierungen eingesetzt werden. Durch die Einsparung eines präoperativen Eingriffs wird der Patient weniger belastet und ein Zeitgewinn erzielt. Ein Zeitgewinn wird außerdem durch die automatische Registrierung (Einsparung manueller Registrierung von z.B. Landmarken) und die Möglichkeit zur sofortigen Fortsetzung der Operation erzielt.The method described above is non-invasive because no bone-worn markers are used. By saving a preoperative procedure, the patient is less stressed and gains time. Time savings are also made possible by automatic registration (saving manual registration of eg landmarks) and the possibility to continue the operation immediately.
Die folgende Beschreibung erläutert in Verbindung mit den beigefügten Zeichnungen die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen. Es zeigen:The following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates the invention in terms of embodiments. Show it:
Fig.1 eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung einer Patientenlagerfläche gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform,1 is a schematic perspective view of a patient support surface according to a first embodiment,
Fig.2 eine der Fig.1 entsprechende Darstellung eines einzelnen Abschnittes einer Patientenlagerfläche,1 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 1 of a single section of a patient support surface, FIG.
Fig.3 einen schematischen Querschnitt durch eine Lagerfläche gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform,3 shows a schematic cross section through a bearing surface according to a second embodiment,
Fig.4 einen schematischen Schnitt durch einen als Referenzelement dienenden mit einem Kontrastmittel befüllbaren Hohlraum,4 shows a schematic section through a serving as a reference element with a contrast agent fillable cavity,
Fig.5 eine schematische Darstellung zweier einen Winkel miteinander bildender Referenzelemente,5 is a schematic representation of two an angle forming reference elements,
Fig.6 eine schematische Draufsicht auf einen Abschnitt der Patientenlagerfläche mit an dieser angeordneten Referenzkörpern und6 is a schematic plan view of a portion of the patient support surface with arranged on this reference bodies and
Fig.7 eine schematische Darstellung einer an der Patientenlagerfläche o- der dem mit ihr lösbar verbundenen Rahmen ausgebildeten Schnittstelle für einen Referenzkörper. Die in der Fig.1 dargestellte allgemein mit 10 bezeichnete Patientenlagerfläche umfasst einen Basisrahmen 12 und darin angeordnete Auflagepolster 14 für einen Patienten 16. Der Basisrahmen 12 besteht aus Längsholmen 18 und einem Boden 20. In dem Boden 20 und den Längsholmen 18 sind Bohrungen 22 ausgebildet, die als Referenzelemente dienen. Die Patientenlagerfläche kann einteilig ausgebildet sein, wie in Fig.1 dargestellt, oder aus mehreren Segmenten der in Fig.2 dargestellten Art bestehen, die gelenkig miteinander verbunden sind, so dass sie gegeneinander verstellbar sind, wie dies bei Operationstischflächen bekannt ist. Unter Umständen ist auch nur ein Segment einer mehrteiligen Operationstischfläche in der in Fig.2 dargestellten Weise ausgebildet.7 shows a schematic representation of an interface for a reference body formed on the patient support surface or the frame detachably connected thereto. The patient support surface generally designated 10 in FIG. 1 comprises a base frame 12 and support pads 14 disposed therein for a patient 16. The base frame 12 consists of longitudinal beams 18 and a bottom 20. Holes 22 are formed in the base 20 and the longitudinal beams 18 , which serve as reference elements. The patient support surface can be integrally formed, as shown in Figure 1, or consist of several segments of the type shown in Figure 2, which are hinged together, so that they are mutually adjustable, as is known in operating table surfaces. Under certain circumstances, only one segment of a multi-part operating table surface in the manner shown in Figure 2 is formed.
Bei der in Fig.3 dargestellten Ausführungsform besteht die Patienten lagerfläche aus einer Grundplatte 24 und einem lösbar mit dieser verbundenen U-förmigen Profilrahmen 26, der ebenso wie der Basisrahmen 12 der Ausführungsform nach Fig.1 zwei Längsholme 18 und einen Boden oder Querholm 20 hat, in denen die als Referenzelemente dienenden Bohrungen oder Hohlräume 22 ausgebildet sind.In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the patient bearing surface consists of a base plate 24 and a releasably connected thereto U-shaped profile frame 26, as well as the base frame 12 of the embodiment of Figure 1 has two longitudinal members 18 and a bottom or cross member 20 in which the holes or cavities 22 serving as reference elements are formed.
Die Hohlräume 22 können mit Luft befüllt, evakuiert oder mit einem Kontrastmaterial gefüllt sein, das beispielsweise auch aus Metall bestehen kann. Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig.4 sind die Hohlräume 22 jeweils über eine Zuleitung 28 und ein Ventil 30 von außen her mit einem Kontrastmittel befüllbar bzw. wieder entleerbar. Auf diese Weise können die Bohrungen oder Hohlräume 22 mit dem für das jeweilige bildgebende Verfahren geeigneten Kontrastmittel gefüllt werden.The cavities 22 may be filled with air, evacuated or filled with a contrast material, which may for example also consist of metal. In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the cavities 22 can each be filled with a contrast medium via a supply line 28 and a valve 30 from the outside, or can be emptied again. In this way, the holes or cavities 22 can be filled with the appropriate contrast agent for the respective imaging method.
Die Abbildung in Fig.5 zeigt zwei als Referenzelemente dienende Bohrungen 22, die einen Winkel miteinander bilden, so dass sich ihre Längsachsen in ei- nem Punkt 32 schneiden. Dieser Schnittpunkt 32 kann als Bezugspunkt für die Registrierung dienen.The illustration in FIG. 5 shows two bores 22 serving as reference elements, which form an angle with one another, so that their longitudinal axes are arranged in one another. intersect at point 32. This intersection 32 can serve as a reference point for the registration.
Die mit Hilfe der Referenzelemente 22 vorgenommene Registrierung kann anschließend von verschiedenen Geräten genutzt werden. Hierbei sind zwei Varianten vorgesehen, die beide an einer Lagerfläche gemäß den Fig.1 oder 3 genutzt werden können. Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig.6 werden an der Lagerfläche 10 selbst Referenzkörper für das Auffinden und Steuern sowie das Nachverfolgen von Patientenbewegungen angeordnet. Diese Referenzkörper können aus Strahlung reflektierenden Kugeln oder Strahlung abgebenden Infrarot- oder Leuchtdioden bestehen oder auch von HF-Spulen gebildet sein.The registration made using the reference elements 22 can then be used by various devices. Here, two variants are provided, both of which can be used on a bearing surface according to Figures 1 or 3. In the embodiment according to FIG. 6, reference bodies for locating and controlling as well as tracking patient movements are arranged on the bearing surface 10 itself. These reference bodies can consist of radiation-reflecting spheres or radiation-emitting infrared or light-emitting diodes or else be formed by HF coils.
Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig.7 ist an der Patientenlagerfläche, beispielsweise einem Holm 18, eine Schnittstelle in Form einer Universalkupplung 36 ausgebildet, die mit einem Referenzkörper 38, der eine Gegenkupplung 40 trägt, in einer eindeutig definierten Relativstellung kuppelbar ist. Der Referenzkörper 38 umfasst wiederum den Kugeln 34 in Fig.6 entsprechende Kugeln 42 oder Leuchtdioden oder HF-Spulen. Nach dem Ankoppeln des Referenzkörpers 38 an der Schnittstelle 36 stehen die Kugeln 42 in einer eindeutigen räumlichen Beziehung zu einer vorgegebenen Position der Bilddatensätze, so dass ein zu steuerndes Gerät durch Bezugnahme auf diese Kugeln 42 präzise gesteuert werden kann. In the embodiment according to FIG. 7, an interface in the form of a universal coupling 36 is formed on the patient support surface, for example a spar 18, which can be coupled with a reference body 38 which carries a counter-coupling 40 in a clearly defined relative position. The reference body 38 again comprises balls 34 corresponding to the balls 34 in FIG. 6 or light-emitting diodes or HF coils. After coupling the reference body 38 to the interface 36, the balls 42 are in a unique spatial relationship to a predetermined position of the image data sets, so that a device to be controlled can be precisely controlled by reference to these balls 42.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Anordnung zur automatischen intraoperativen Registrierung aufgrund von Bilddatensätzen, die mittels eines intraoperativen Tomographieverfahrens von einer anatomischen Region eines Patienten erstellt wurden, gekennzeichnet durch eine Patientenlagerfläche (10), die CT- oder MRT-fähig ist, Mittel zur Fixierung eines Patienten auf der Lagerfläche hat und mit stereotaktischen Referenzelementen (22) versehen ist.An automatic intraoperative registration arrangement based on image data sets generated by an intraoperative tomography method from an anatomical region of a patient, characterized by a patient support surface (10) that is CT or MRI enabled, means for fixing a patient to the storage surface has and is provided with stereotactic reference elements (22).
2. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Referenzelemente (22) in der Lagerfläche (10) angeordnet sind.2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the reference elements (22) in the bearing surface (10) are arranged.
3. Anordnung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Patientenlagerfläche (10) auf zumindest einem Teil ihrer Länge ein Profil mit die Auflagefläche (14) für den Patienten (16) seitlich begrenzenden Holmen (18) hat, wobei mindestens ein Teil der Referenzelemente (22) in den Holmen (18) angeordnet ist.3. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the patient support surface (10) on at least part of its length a profile with the support surface (14) for the patient (16) laterally delimiting Holmen (18), wherein at least a portion of the reference elements (22) is arranged in the spars (18).
4. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Patientenlagerfläche (10) mit einem den Patienten (16) mindestens teilweise umschließenden Rahmen (26) verbindbar ist, in dem die Referenzelemente (22) angeordnet sind.4. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the patient support surface (10) with a patient (16) at least partially enclosing frame (26) is connectable, in which the reference elements (22) are arranged.
5. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Referenzelemente (22) von Hohlräumen in der Lagerfläche (10) oder dem Rahmen (12, 26) gebildet sind. 5. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the reference elements (22) of cavities in the bearing surface (10) or the frame (12, 26) are formed.
6. Anordnung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hohlräume (22) mit einem kontrastgebenden Material gefüllt sind.6. Arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that the cavities (22) are filled with a contrasting material.
7. Anordnung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hohlräume (22) über eine verschließbare Öffnung (28, 30) evakuierbar oder mit einem Kontrastmittel befüllbar sind.7. Arrangement according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the cavities (22) via a closable opening (28, 30) are evacuated or filled with a contrast agent.
8. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Referenzelemente (22) stabförmig sind, wobei mindestens ein Teil der Referenzelemente (22) so angeordnet ist, dass die Längsachsen jeweils mindestens zweier Referenzelemente (22) einen tatsächlichen o- der virtuellen gemeinsamen Schnittpunkt (32) haben.8. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the reference elements (22) are rod-shaped, wherein at least a part of the reference elements (22) is arranged so that the longitudinal axes of at least two reference elements (22) an actual o have the virtual common intersection (32).
9. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lagerfläche (10) oder der U-förmige Rahmen (26) eine Schnittstelle (36) zur räumlich definierten Ankopplung eines Referenzkörpers (38) zur Referenzierung von externen Geräten hat.9. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the bearing surface (10) or the U-shaped frame (26) has an interface (36) for spatially defined coupling of a reference body (38) for referencing external devices.
10. Anordnung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Referenzkörper (38) eine Mehrzahl von Strahlung reflektierenden oder aussendenden Elementen (42) umfasst, die eine feste räumliche Zuordnung zueinander haben.10. Arrangement according to claim 9, characterized in that the reference body (38) comprises a plurality of radiation reflecting or emitting elements (42) having a fixed spatial relationship to one another.
11. Anordnung nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zum Eingriff miteinander bestimmten Kupplungselemente der Schnittstelle (36) und des Referenzkörpers (38) so ausgebildet sind, dass sie beim Ineinandergreifen eine eindeutige räumliche Position des Referenzkörpers (38) relativ zu den lagerflächenfesten Referenzelementen (22) gewährleisten. 11. Arrangement according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that for engagement with each other determined coupling elements of the interface (36) and the reference body (38) are formed so that they interengage a unique spatial position of the reference body (38) relative to the ensure bearing surface-fixed reference elements (22).
PCT/EP2006/050564 2005-02-15 2006-01-31 Device for intraoperative registration WO2006087263A1 (en)

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