WO2006085696A1 - 導電性ゴムローラーの製造方法および電子写真装置用ローラー - Google Patents
導電性ゴムローラーの製造方法および電子写真装置用ローラー Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006085696A1 WO2006085696A1 PCT/JP2006/302912 JP2006302912W WO2006085696A1 WO 2006085696 A1 WO2006085696 A1 WO 2006085696A1 JP 2006302912 W JP2006302912 W JP 2006302912W WO 2006085696 A1 WO2006085696 A1 WO 2006085696A1
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- Prior art keywords
- rubber
- roller
- conductive
- conductive rubber
- tube
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/10—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation for articles of indefinite length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C44/08—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using several expanding or moulding steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/28—Treatment by wave energy or particle radiation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C13/00—Rolls, drums, discs, or the like; Bearings or mountings therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
- G03G15/16—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer
- G03G15/1665—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer by introducing the second base in the nip formed by the recording member and at least one transfer member, e.g. in combination with bias or heat
- G03G15/167—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer by introducing the second base in the nip formed by the recording member and at least one transfer member, e.g. in combination with bias or heat at least one of the recording member or the transfer member being rotatable during the transfer
- G03G15/1685—Structure, details of the transfer member, e.g. chemical composition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
- B29C2035/0855—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using microwave
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/36—Feeding the material to be shaped
- B29C44/46—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length
- B29C44/50—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length using pressure difference, e.g. by extrusion or by spraying
- B29C44/507—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length using pressure difference, e.g. by extrusion or by spraying extruding the compound through an annular die
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49544—Roller making
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49544—Roller making
- Y10T29/4956—Fabricating and shaping roller work contacting surface element
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49544—Roller making
- Y10T29/4956—Fabricating and shaping roller work contacting surface element
- Y10T29/49563—Fabricating and shaping roller work contacting surface element with coating or casting about a core
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31931—Polyene monomer-containing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a conductive rubber roller used in an image forming apparatus such as an electrophotographic copying apparatus, a printer, and an electrostatic recording apparatus. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an electrophotographic process on an image carrier such as a photoreceptor.
- a roller for an electrophotographic apparatus such as a transfer roller mounted on an image forming apparatus for transferring a transferable image by a toner image formed and supported by an image forming means such as an electrostatic recording process to a transfer material such as paper.
- a transfer roller mounted on an image forming apparatus for transferring a transferable image by a toner image formed and supported by an image forming means such as an electrostatic recording process to a transfer material such as paper.
- a charging rubber roller In many electrophotographic image forming apparatuses such as copying machines and printers, a charging rubber roller, a transfer rubber roller, a developing roller roller, etc., are used. There is a method of adding a conductive filler such as carbon black, or a method of compounding an ion conductive rubber material such as acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, epihydrin rubber, etc. Each of these rollers is loaded against the drum. In addition, these rubber rollers are energized for a long period of time depending on the application, so it is desirable to use a rubber material with a small resistance fluctuation, and because of problems in the manufacturing method, etc.
- a conductive filler such as carbon black
- an ion conductive rubber material such as acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, epihydrin rubber, etc.
- Rubber materials such as acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and epichlorohydrin rubber are widely used for transfer rollers and charging rollers. Is (e.g., see JP-A-1 0 1 7 1 2 1 0 No. ⁇ Pi Patent 2 0 0 2 0 7 0 8 3 5 JP).
- the rubber material used for these rollers is a raw material composition kneaded with a vulcanizing agent, a foaming agent, a filler, etc., which is made into an unvulcanized cylindrical rubber molded body with a mold, an extruder, etc.
- a vulcanized molded body is heated and vulcanized and foamed to prepare a cylindrical foam. It is. After that, a method is used in which a metal core is press-fitted into a cylindrical foam and the outer periphery is polished into a roller shape.
- these conductive rubber rollers are manufactured by vulcanizing with a high pressure steam vulcanizing can (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1 1 1 1 4 9 78), and using a metal mold such as a cylindrical mold. Mold vulcanization (see, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 11-2 0 1 1 40), UHF vulcanization by microwave irradiation (see, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2 0 2-2 2 1 8 59) ).
- These methods include, for example, a method of vulcanizing with a vulcanizing can, and in order to bring out a desired cell on the surface because the cells of the obtained roller foam are non-uniform, a large amount of polishing must be performed.
- the vulcanization method using vulcanization is not suitable for producing a large number of rollers because it takes time to set up and requires mold cleaning.
- the UHF vulcanization method provides good setup and uniform cells, but when the rubber is softened, the tube collapses and the aspect ratio of the tube inner and outer diameters becomes uneven. Furthermore, this non-uniformity of the tube has caused circumferential hardness and resistance unevenness. Furthermore, in order to eliminate this non-uniformity of the tube, a method of connecting a plurality of short UHF devices and grading the microwave irradiation output is known as a known technique, but it is a long device. For this reason, the elapsed time becomes longer, the microphone mouth wave is excessively irradiated, and the epichlorohydrin rubber and the acrylonitrile butadiene rubber are changed in quality, and the volume resistivity value of the rubber material is reduced.
- UHF vulcanization provides a good set-up and a uniform cell, but when the rubber tube is heated in the furnace, the rubber softens and increases the contact area with the conveyor and rollers. Local foaming unevenness occurred. In particular, when the softening of the rubber is large, the inner diameter of the rubber tube is deformed, so that the yield of the rubber tube is deteriorated, resulting in an economical problem. Further, due to foaming unevenness generated in the rubber tube, it caused circumferential hardness and resistance unevenness (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 2-2 2 1 8 5 9).
- UHF vulcanization provides good setup and uniform cells, but when the rubber tube is heated in the furnace, the rubber softens and increases the contact area with the conveyor and rollers. Local foaming unevenness occurred. Particularly when the softening of the rubber is large, the inner diameter of the rubber tube is deformed, so that the yield of the rubber tube is deteriorated, which is an economical problem.
- unevenness in foaming generated in the rubber tube causes unevenness in hardness and resistance in the circumferential direction (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 2-2 2 1 8 5 9). Above !; None of the examples I introduced have been analyzed for foaming unevenness. Was insufficient.
- the dielectric loss coefficient expressed by the product ⁇ r ⁇ ta ⁇ ⁇ of the relative permittivity ( ⁇ r) and dielectric power factor (ta ⁇ ⁇ ) is changed. This makes it possible to adjust the heating amount of the rubber. Focusing on this dielectric loss coefficient, a method of adding and blending conductive carbon black into a rubber component having a small dielectric loss coefficient and vulcanizing has been reported (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-3 4 4 5 1 0). In this example, a dielectric loss coefficient is increased to 1.0 in order to heat nonpolar natural rubber. However, in a system including a polar rubber as defined in the present invention, when the dielectric loss coefficient is increased to 1.0, the rubber may be overheated.
- UHF vulcanization can be well set up and the cells can be uniform, but when the rubber tube is heated in the furnace, the rubber softens and increases the contact area with the conveyor and rollers. is there.
- the viscosity of the rubber is greatly reduced, so that there is a problem that it adheres to the conveyer or roller that conveys the rubber tube, and is particularly sticky with a roller.
- the yield of the vulcanization process deteriorated and the operating rate declined, causing economic problems.
- foaming unevenness may occur on the contact surface between the rubber tube and the conveyor or roller, which causes circumferential hardness and resistance unevenness.
- a conventional method of adding conductivity to these rubber rollers is to add a conductive filler such as carbon black, or epichlorohydrin rubber is blended with phthalonitrile butadiene rubber and used as epichlorohydrin rubber.
- a method of lowering the resistance value is mentioned.
- epichlorohydrin rubber is blended, the resistance fluctuation due to environmental changes in temperature and humidity will increase. 2912
- a first object of the present invention is a conductive rubber roller for an electrophotographic apparatus such as a transfer roller having a foamed rubber layer, a charging roller, and a developing roller, wherein the rubber composition tube is raised by microwave irradiation. J0 heated, foamed and vulcanized, conductive rubber roller with low inner / outer diameter aspect ratio, stable inner diameter dimension, uniform cell distribution, no circumferential hardness unevenness and resistance unevenness And a roller for an electrophotographic apparatus.
- a second object of the present invention is a method for producing a conductive rubber roller used in an image forming apparatus, which is a method for producing a conductive rubber nozzle that has a uniform cell distribution and has no hardness and uneven resistance. And providing a conductive rubber roller obtained by the production method and a transfer roller as its application form.
- a third object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problem, and is a conductive rubber roller used in an image forming apparatus, wherein the cell distribution is uniform and the hardness is not uneven, the conductive rubber roller And a method for producing the conductive rubber roller and a transfer roller as its application form.
- a fourth object of the present invention is a method for producing a conductive rubber roller used in an electrophotographic apparatus, wherein the cell distribution is uniform, the hardness and the resistance are not uneven, and the rubber It is to provide a method for producing a conductive rubber roller with a minimum amount of polishing, and to provide a conductive rubber roller as a result thereof and a transfer roller as its application form.
- a fifth object of the present invention is a conductive rubber roller for an electrophotographic apparatus such as a transfer roller having a foamed rubber layer, a charging roller, and a developing roller, wherein the unvulcanized rubber composition tube is irradiated by microwave irradiation. After heating, foaming and vulcanization, the aspect ratio of the inner and outer diameters is small, the cell distribution is uniform, there is no circumferential hardness unevenness and resistance unevenness, and the resistance value fluctuates due to environmental changes in temperature and humidity
- the present invention is to provide a method for producing a conductive rubber mouthpiece having a small hardness and a stable hardness, and a roller for an electrophotographic apparatus and a transfer roller.
- the present invention for achieving the first object is a method for producing a conductive rubber roller having a foamed rubber layer on a conductive core material, wherein the foamed rubber layer is formed.
- the rubber composition is a rubber composition containing an epichlorohydrin rubber, an acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, an ethylene oxide / propylene oxide / allyl glycidyl ether, a terpolymer, or a mixture thereof.
- Extrusion step of continuously extruding the rubber composition tube of vulcanization with a microphone mouthpiece vulcanizer, and then extruding the unvulcanized rubber composition tube of 0.5 to 3.
- the present invention is an electrophotographic apparatus unit characterized in that the conductive rubber roller produced by the method for producing a conductive rubber roller of the present invention is used as a base layer member.
- the present invention for achieving the second object is a method for producing a conductive rubber roller having a rubber layer on a conductive core, wherein the rubber layer is at least It contains acrylonitrile rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber and a foaming agent, and the rubber layer has a gas generation rate of 2 m 1 / g ⁇ mir at 170 ° C. to 230 °!
- a vulcanization and foaming step of the rubber layer performed by a microwave mouth vulcanization furnace that generates hot air and microwaves, and microwaves in the vulcanization and foam process
- the heating atmosphere temperature of the vulcanizing furnace is such that the ratio of the initial vulcanization time T 10 of the rubber layer to the initial foaming time T p 10 is 10 or more and ⁇ 10 is 1 or more and less than 3,
- a method for producing a conductive rubber roller characterized in that the temperature is controlled so that 10 is within 90 seconds.
- the present invention is the use of the above conductive rubber roller as a transfer roller mounted on the developing unit of an image forming apparatus having an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging unit, an exposing unit, a developing unit, and a transferring unit. .
- the present invention for achieving the third object is a method for producing a conductive rubber roller having a rubber layer on a conductive core material, wherein the rubber layer is at least A step of kneading so that the carbon black may be 5 to 30 parts by mass when the total amount of the rubber is 100 parts by mass, including acrylonitrile rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber and carbon black And a vulcanization and foaming step of the rubber layer in a microphone mouth wave vulcanizing furnace that generates a microphone mouth wave of 2 4 5 0 ⁇ 5 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , and unvulcanized by the kneading step
- a method for producing a conductive rubber roller characterized in that the dielectric loss coefficient of rubber £ r ⁇ tan S is 0.3 to 0.5.
- the present invention is also the use of the conductive rubber roller as a transfer roller mounted on the developing unit of an image forming apparatus having an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging unit, an
- the present invention for achieving the fourth object is a method for producing a conductive rubber roller having a foamed rubber layer on a conductive core material.
- Microphone mouth in microwave mouth vulcanization furnace that performs microwave irradiation Formed by a wave irradiation and a vulcanization foaming process using hot air, and the conveying means in the microphone mouth wave vulcanization furnace is a mesh belt with a polytetrafluoroethylene coating, after the rubber layer is vulcanized
- a method for producing a conductive rubber roller wherein a ratio A no B of an outer diameter A (mm) to an opening ratio B (%) of the mesh bed / let is 0.2 or more and 0.4 or less.
- the present invention also relates to a conductive rubber roller used in an electrophotographic apparatus, wherein the conductive rubber roller is manufactured by the manufacturing method of the conductive rubber roller, and a circumferential Asker C hardness difference is 1 ° or less. It is a conductive rubber roller. Moreover, this invention is use of the said conductive rubber roller as a transfer roller mounted in the transfer apparatus of an electrophotographic apparatus.
- the present invention for achieving the fifth object is a method for producing a conductive rubber roller having a foamed rubber layer on a conductive core material, wherein the foamed rubber layer is formed.
- the rubber composition is composed of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, aryl having a composition ratio of propylene oxide of 1 to 20 mo 1% and a composition ratio of allyl glycidyl ether of 5 to 15 mo 1%. It is a rubber composition containing 0.1 to 50.0 parts by mass of terpolymer of daricidyl ether in 100 parts by mass of the total polymer, and an unvulcanized rubber composition tube is output.
- a microphone mouthpiece vulcanizer having a power of 0.1 to 1.5 kW, an extrusion process of continuously extruding from a rubber extruder, and then the unvulcanized rubber composition tube is added to 0.5 to 3.0 O.
- the length of the area to which the microphone mouth wave is irradiated is less than 4 m during transfer at mZm in transfer speed.
- a method for producing a conductive rubber roller which comprises a step of molding the foamed rubber tube with foam-vulcanization.
- the present invention is a roller for an electrophotographic apparatus, particularly a transfer roller, wherein the conductive rubber roller produced by the method for producing a conductive rubber roller of the present invention is used as a base layer member.
- the manufacturing method of the conductive rubber roller of the first invention the aspect ratio of the inner and outer diameters of the foam rubber tube is reduced, the cell distribution is uniform, the hardness unevenness in the circumferential direction, the resistance It is possible to provide a conductive rubber roller free of rubber.
- a roller using a conductive rubber roller manufactured by the above-described method for manufacturing a conductive rubber roller as a base layer forest can be suitably used as a roller for an electrophotographic apparatus, particularly as a transfer roller.
- the method for producing a conductive rubber roller of the third aspect of the invention it is possible to provide a conductive rubber roller that is particularly free of circumferential cell unevenness and hardness unevenness.
- the contact area between the rubber layer before vulcanization foaming and the mesh belt for conveyance is optimized, and uneven foaming is eliminated. It is possible to provide a uniform conductive rubber roller over the entire roller area. In addition, since there is no foaming unevenness, the amount of polishing can be minimized, and a manufacturing method that is economically and environmentally suitable is provided.
- the foamed rubber layer has uniform cells, no circumferential hardness, no resistance unevenness, and resistance due to temperature / humidity change in the low resistance region. It is possible to provide a conductive rubber roller with small value fluctuation and stable hardness. Moreover, the roller using the conductive rubber roller manufactured by the said manufacturing method of a conductive rubber roller as a base layer member can be used conveniently as a roller for electrophotographic apparatuses, especially as a transfer roller. Therefore, the conductive rubber nozzle according to the above manufacturing method can be suitably used as a roller for an electrophotographic apparatus, particularly as a transfer roller.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a conductive rubber roller according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 includes the conductive rubber roller or the electrophotographic apparatus roller of the present invention.
- 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of an image forming apparatus.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a vulcanization molding apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of an image forming apparatus provided with the conductive rubber roller obtained in the present invention or the roller for an electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention.
- the image forming apparatus shown in the figure is an electrophotographic laser printer using a process cartridge, and the figure is a longitudinal sectional view showing a schematic configuration thereof.
- the conductive rubber roller according to the present invention or the roller for the electrophotographic apparatus according to the present invention is mounted as a charging port roller 2, a transfer roller 6 or a developing roller 30. The .
- the image forming apparatus shown in the figure includes a drum-type electrophotographic photosensitive member (sometimes referred to as a photosensitive drum) 1 as an image carrier.
- a photosensitive layer made of an organic photoconductor (sometimes referred to as OPC) force is provided on the outer peripheral surface of a grounded cylindrical aluminum support.
- the photosensitive drum 1 is rotationally driven by a driving means (not shown) at a predetermined process speed (circumferential speed), for example, 5 O mm / s in the direction of arrow R 1.
- the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 is uniformly charged by a charging roller 2 as a contact charging member.
- the charging roller 2 is disposed in contact with the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 and is driven to rotate in the direction of arrow R 2 as the photosensitive drum 1 rotates in the direction of arrow R 1.
- An oscillating voltage AC voltage VA C + DC voltage VDC
- a charging bias application power supply high voltage power supply
- the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 after charging is the laser beam 3 output from the laser scanner and reflected by the mirror 3, That is, scanning exposure is performed by a laser beam modulated corresponding to a time-series electric digital image signal of target image information.
- the electrostatic latent image is negatively charged by the developing bias applied to the developing roller 30 of the developing device 4, is attached to the surface of the photosensitive drum 1, and is reversely developed as a toner image.
- the transfer material 7 such as paper fed from the paper supply unit (not shown) is guided by the transfer guide and transferred to the transfer unit (transfer nip unit) T between the photosensitive drum 1 and the transfer roller 6.
- the toner image is supplied in time with the toner image on the photosensitive drum 1.
- the toner image on the photosensitive drum 1 is transferred to the surface of the transfer material T supplied to the transfer portion T by a transfer bias applied to the transfer roller 6 by a transfer bias application power source (not shown).
- the toner (residual toner) that is not transferred to the transfer material 7 and remains on the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 is removed by the cleaning blade 8 of the cleaning device 9.
- the material to be transferred 7 passes through the transfer section T and is separated from the photosensitive drum 1 and introduced into the fixing device 10 where the toner image is fixed and processed as an image formation (print) outside the image forming apparatus main body. To be discharged.
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a conductive rubber roller according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the conductive rubber roller of the present invention has a foamed rubber layer 62 on a conductive core 61.
- a round bar made of a metal material such as iron, copper, stainless steel having an outer diameter ⁇ of preferably 4 to 10 ⁇ can be used. Furthermore, even if these surfaces are subjected to plating treatment for the purpose of imparting scratch resistance, they cannot be used.
- the rubber composition which is a raw material for forming the foam rubber layer 62 in the first invention, is epichlorohydrin rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide aryl glycidyl ether terpolymer. 2006/302912
- azodicarbonamide foaming agents sulfur, organic peroxides, triazines, polyamines and other vulcanizing agents, thiurams, thiazoles, guanidines , Sulfenamide, dithiocarbamate, and thiourea vulcanization accelerators, conductive agents such as carbon black, fillers such as calcium carbonate, and other auxiliaries.
- Epoxychlorohydrin rubber for example, Zeklon 3 1 0 6 (trade name) manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd., for example, Atallonitryl butadiene rubber, for example, DN 4 0 1 (trade name, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.)
- a terpolymer of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, allylic glycidyl and terpolymer ZESPAN (trade name) manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.
- the foaming agent for example, Bihole AC (trade name) manufactured by Eiwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. can be preferably used.
- the raw rubber used in the rubber materials of the second to fourth inventions includes acrylo-tolyl butadiene rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, or a mixture thereof as a main rubber component, and a predetermined amount thereof is mixed.
- Others Polystyrene polymer materials, Polyolefin polymer materials, Polyester polymer materials, Polyurethane polymer materials, Polyethylene chloride (RVC) and other thermoplastic elastomers, Acrylic resins, Styrene vinyl acetate copolymers, A polymer material such as a butadiene-atarylonitrile copolymer, or a mixture of these rubber, elastomer, and resin can be used.
- a known material may be used as a conductive material such as carbon black, a filler such as calcium carbonate, and a conductive material added to impart conductivity to the rubber.
- the conductive material include conductive particles and conductive agents.
- conductive particles such as conductive carbon black, T i 0 2 , S n O 2 , Z n O, S n O 2 and S metal oxides such as solid solutions of b O 3, include metal powders such as C u and a g, and as an ion conductive agent, L i CI 0 4 and N a SCN, and the like, alone the rubber Or add multiple and disperse 2006/302912
- the car pump rack when the total amount of rubber is 100 parts by mass, the car pump rack is 5 to 30 parts by mass. If the car pump rack is less than 5 parts by mass, the amount of heat generated by the rubber is insufficient when irradiated with microwaves. The accompanying foaming and vulcanization reactions are incomplete. On the other hand, if the amount exceeds 30 parts by mass, the amount of heat generated by the rubber increases. However, if the carbon black is poorly dispersed, heating unevenness occurs, and furthermore, heat is excessively generated and the heat deteriorates.
- the type of carbon black is not particularly defined, but those having an average particle diameter of 70 to 100 nanometers can be preferably used.
- the foaming agent used in the second to fourth inventions is particularly preferably an organic foaming agent A.D.C.. (Azodicarbonamide).
- organic foaming agents include D.P.T (dinitrosopentamethylenetetraamine), T.S.H (p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide), O.B.S.H (oxy).
- Bisbenzenesulfenyl hydrazide) and the like can be used alone or in combination.
- the decomposition temperature of the foaming agent can be lowered by adding a foaming aid such as urea resin or zinc oxide.
- the foaming agent used in the present invention is such that the gas generation rate at 170 ° (up to 2 30 ° is 2 m 1 ⁇ min to 4 m 1 / g ⁇ min in the rubber compounding defined in the present invention.
- the composition is adjusted.
- foaming aids used in the second to fourth inventions include urea compounds, metal oxides such as zinc oxide and lead oxide, and compounds mainly composed of salicylic acid and stearic acid. It is possible to add a foaming auxiliary agent that can be expected to have an appropriate action.
- Examples of the vulcanizing agent used in the second to fourth inventions include sulfur and metal oxides.
- Vulcanization accelerators use various known strength thiazole accelerators and thiuram accelerators. The combination of thiazole accelerator and thiuram accelerator is It is generally known that it has an effect on C-set properties against rubber deformation due to shrinkage.
- Specific examples of thiazole accelerators include 2-mercaptobenzothioazol dibenzothiazyl disulfide and the like. However, in the present invention, there is little scorch indicating storage stability of unvulcanized dough, and thiuram type. Dibenzothiazyl disulfide used in combination with an accelerator is preferred.
- thiuram accelerators examples include tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, tetraethylthiuram disulfide, tetrakis (2-ethylhexyl) thiuram disulfide, and dipentamethylene thiuram tetrasulfide. Tetrakis (2-ethylhexyl) thioura ⁇ -disulfide having excellent scorch resistance is preferable. Note that other thiazole accelerators and thiuram accelerators can be applied to the present invention by adjusting the use conditions.
- the thiuram accelerator in the second invention is preferably one having a molecular weight of not less than 200 and not more than 6500, so that the initial vulcanization time T 10 and the initial foaming time T 10 in the present invention can be used.
- the balance is adjusted. If the molecular weight is less than 200, the vulcanization speed will be high, and it will be difficult to obtain sufficient foaming by microphone mouth wave vulcanization. On the other hand, if it exceeds 6500, the crosslinking density will be low and the foam cell will be large. Not only does the hardness become lower, it also tends to cause the problem that white streaks due to the C set of rollers appear on the image.
- the rubber composition as a raw material for forming the foamed rubber layer 62 in the fifth invention is composed of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and allyl glycidyl ether, and the composition ratio of propylene oxide is 1-2.
- a terpolymer having a composition ratio of 0 mo 1% and allyl glycidyl ether of 5 to 15 mo 1% is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 5 parts by mass in 100 parts by mass of the total polymer.
- polystyrene butadiene rubber examples include epichlorohydrin rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, EPDM, butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, butyl rubber, chloroprene rubber, or a mixture thereof.
- Azodicarbonamide foaming agents sulfur, organic peroxides, triazines, polyamines and other vulcanizing agents, thiurams, thiazols, guanidines, sulfamides, dithiorubamates , Including thiourea vulcanization accelerators, carbon black and other reinforcing materials, calcium carbonate and other fillers, and other auxiliaries.
- Ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, allyl glycidyl ether terpolymers include, for example, ethylene oxide 86.0-8.Omo 1%, propylene oxide 1.2-1.4. Mo 1%, allyl glycidyl etherate has a composition ratio of 11.0 to 13.Omo 1%, and Zeospan 80 0 30 manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.
- chlorohydrin rubber for example, Zeklon 3 10 6 (trade name) manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. is used, and as acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, for example, DN 4 0 1 (trade name) manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. is used.
- vinylol AC (trade name) manufactured by Eiwa Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd. can be preferably used as the foaming agent for azoji-rubonamide.
- the method for preparing the rubber composition from each of the above-mentioned components is not particularly limited.
- a suitable one may be selected from known methods according to the raw materials used, the composition, and the like.
- predetermined components such as a rubber component, a foaming agent, a conductive agent, a vulcanizing agent, and a vulcanization accelerator are kneaded using a closed kneader such as a Banbury mixer or a kneader.
- a rubber composition may be prepared.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a vulcanization molding apparatus that can be used in the present invention.
- This equipment is an extruder 1 1, a riser) [] Microwave vulcanizer as a heating means (sometimes referred to as UHF vulcanizer) 1 2, hot air heating means hot air heating means if desired Sulfurization equipment (sometimes referred to as HAV vulcanization equipment) 1 3, Conveyor 14, Cooling tank 15 5, Standard cutting machine 1 6 and Automatic core presser 1 7
- the rubber composition prepared by kneading with a closed kneader such as a Banbury mixer or a kneader described above is formed into a ribbon shape with an open roll and a ribbon forming dispenser (not shown), and then extruded.
- Machine 1 is inserted into 1.
- the device 12 is equipped with a metal belt coated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or a roller coated with PTFE, and an unvulcanized rubber composition tube extruded with the extruder 1 1 is While being transported, the microphone mouth wave is irradiated and heated while being transported, heated, foamed, vulcanized (sometimes referred to as “foamed” vulcanized), and the foam rubber tube is It is formed.
- This foamed rubber tube is conveyed to the HAV vulcanizer 13.
- the UHF vulcanizer 12 and the HAV vulcanizer 13 are connected by a PTFE-coated port.
- the HA V vulcanizer 13 is provided with a roller coated with PTFE, and the foamed rubber tube is transported on the roller and exposed to hot air while being transported to be further vulcanized.
- the foamed rubber tube is taken up by the take-up machine 14, and immediately after being discharged from the take-up machine 14, the tube is cooled in the cooling tank 15, and is cut into a desired dimension by the standard cutting machine 16. Subsequently, the core metal is press-fitted into the conductive rubber tube by the automatic core metal press-fitting machine 17 to prepare a foamed rubber tube having conductivity.
- UHF vulcanizer 12, 11 ⁇ vulcanizer 13 and take-up machine 14, cooling tank 15, fixed length cutting machine 16, skewer core presser 17 in this embodiment are 4 m and 6 m in order.
- the gaps between the UHF vulcanizer 12 and the HAV vulcanizer 13 and between the HAV vulcanizer 13 and the take-up machine 14 are set to be 0.1 to 1. Om.
- the foamed rubber tube is transported to the HAV vulcanizer 13 and heated in the hot air furnace of the HAV vulcanizer 13 while the foamed rubber tube is transported to complete the vulcanization.
- the heating conditions in the hot air furnace of the HAV vulcanizer 13 are not particularly limited, but it is usually preferable to heat the hot air at 150 to 300 ° C. for 2 to 10 minutes.
- the hot air furnace of the HAV vulcanizer 13 is preferably a hot air furnace using a gas furnace as a heat source. When a gas furnace is used as a heat source, a uniform heating state can be obtained by a small amount of water vapor generated during gas combustion.
- the foamed rubber tube obtained after vulcanization is taken up by the take-up machine 14. Immediately after being discharged from the take-up machine 14, the tube is cooled in the cooling tank 15, and cut into a desired dimension by the fixed-length cutting machine 16.
- an unvulcanized rubber composition tube formed by extruding the rubber composition into a tube shape by the extruder 11 is immediately after being extruded from the extruder 11.
- the UHF vulcanizer 12 the UHF vulcanizer is transported at a transport speed of 0.5 to 3. OmZmin.
- a microwave irradiator having a length of 4 m or less in the area to be irradiated with microwaves is used, and preferably microwaves with an irradiation output of 0.3 to 3.0 kW are irradiated.
- the rubber composition tube is foamed and vulcanized to form a foamed rubber tube.
- the length of the area that irradiates the mouth wave is 4 m or less, preferably 3 m or less. And the limit is considered to be about lm. When the length of the area irradiated with microwaves is 4 m or less, a uniform and stable foaming state can be obtained and a uniform inner diameter can be obtained. If the limit is around lm, there is a possibility of sparking, which is not practical.
- the transport speed is 0.5 to 3.0 mZni i ⁇ , and more preferably 1.0 to 3. OmZmin. If the transfer speed is 0.5 mZm in or more, a more stable vulcanized state can be obtained, and if the transfer speed is 3.
- the microwave irradiation output is preferably 0.3 to 3.0 kW, more preferably 0.3 to 2 OkW. If the microwave irradiation output is 0.3 kW or more, sufficient irradiation can be performed even in a short system configuration. On the other hand, if it is 3. OkW or less, excessive heating can be easily avoided, and control is very easy even when manufacturing conductive rubber rollers that require fine inner diameter dimensions. .
- the inner diameter (b) of the foamed rubber tube formed by foaming and vulcanization corresponds to the outer diameter (a) of the conductive core material in the entire longitudinal direction of the conductive rubber roller.
- the microwave intensity in the UHF is preferably 0.5 to 3. O kW.
- the heating atmosphere temperature of UHF is such that the ratio T 10 / T pl 0 of the initial vulcanization time T 10 and the initial foaming time T p 10 of the rubber layer is 1 or more and less than 3, and the T 10 is 90 Temperature is within seconds.
- vulcanization and foaming of the rubber layer proceed in a well-balanced manner, and a rubber tube without foaming unevenness can be produced. That is, at this time, at an atmospheric temperature at which Tl 0 / Tp 10 is less than 1, vulcanization proceeds faster than foaming, and cell formation becomes difficult. On the other hand, in the atmosphere temperature where Tl 0 / Tp 10 is 3 or more, the foaming reaction proceeds faster than the vulcanization reaction. In particular, in the UHF furnace, the entire rubber is heated uniformly and at high speed by microwaves, so the foaming reaction is accelerated rapidly. However, since 1 OZTp 10 is 3 or more, vulcanization cannot follow foaming, and it becomes difficult to form cells uniformly.
- the surface of the rubber tube is dissipated, and a temperature difference can be made with the inside.
- the vulcanization in the vicinity of the surface becomes slow, and foaming unevenness is likely to occur near the surface.
- the microwave output is set high, the temperature of the rubber tube surface and inside is increased. Due to the large degree of difference, uneven foaming occurs.
- the gas generation rate at 170 to 230 of the rubber layer is 2 m 1 / g ⁇ m i! ! ⁇ 4m 1 / g ⁇ m i n. It is possible to complete the foaming reaction in the apparatus used in the second invention by adjusting the temperature of the rubber layer so as to achieve this gas generation rate, that is, adjusting the heating atmosphere temperature of the UHF furnace. . If the gas generation rate is less than 2 ml Zg-min, foaming is insufficient. On the other hand, if it exceeds 4 m 1 / g ⁇ m in, outgassing occurs.
- the foamed cells are uniformly adjusted and the diameter is adjusted to 0.3 mm or less. If the thickness exceeds 3 mm, cell traces tend to remain on the photosensitive drum in the transfer roller, which is not preferable.
- the dielectric loss coefficient ⁇ r ⁇ ta ⁇ ⁇ in the unvulcanized rubber layer is 0.3 to 0.5.
- This is a range in which the vulcanization and foaming process by microwave irradiation proceeds well in a conductive roller such as a transfer roller having a polar rubber-containing rubber layer applicable in the third invention.
- a conductive roller such as a transfer roller having a polar rubber-containing rubber layer applicable in the third invention.
- heating by microwaves becomes insufficient, and vulcanization does not proceed or is incomplete.
- it exceeds 0.5 the rubber layer is overheated and there is a concern about thermal deterioration of the rubber layer.
- the microwave irradiation needs to be performed using a microwave of 2450 ⁇ 5 MHz in the UHF 12 set at a furnace atmosphere temperature of 200 ° C., for example.
- the microwave is 2450 ⁇ 50 MHz
- the rubber tube can be irradiated efficiently with little irradiation unevenness.
- the temperature of the hot air in the UHF furnace is preferably 15.03 ⁇ 4 to 250, and particularly preferably 180 ° C to 230 °.
- the material of the base material is not particularly limited, but it is necessary to perform a surface treatment with PTFE coating so that the rubber layer does not adhere, and temperature unevenness of the contact portion is prevented.
- a material having a small heat capacity and heat resistance is preferable.
- the shape of the opening of the mesh belt is not particularly limited, but a shape such as a lattice that can withstand heating conditions and a certain amount of tension is often used.
- the mesh belt has a ratio A / B between the outer diameter A (mm) of the rubber layer after vulcanization and the opening ratio B (%) of the mesh belt of 0.2 or more and 0.4 or less.
- the contact area with the mesh belt can be minimized, and uneven foaming can be eliminated.
- the mesh opening ratio is large with respect to the outer diameter, and the contact area is small, but the mass of the rubber layer applied to the contact portion is increased. Accordingly, the mesh contact trace of the rubber layer is deteriorated due to a decrease in viscosity during vulcanization.
- the mesh opening ratio is small with respect to the tube outer diameter, which hinders hot air circulation in the UHF furnace.
- the output per microwave transmitter needs to be 0.1 to 1.5 kW, preferably 0.1 15 to 1. OKW. If the microwave irradiation output is 0.1 kW or more, sufficient irradiation can be performed even in a short apparatus configuration. On the other hand, if it is 1.5 kW or less, excessive heating can be easily avoided, and control is very easy even when producing a conductive rubber roller that requires uniform foaming. It is preferable to use two or four microwave transmitters with an output of 0.1 to 1.5 kW per microwave irradiation device, and a microwave transmitter with an output of 0.1 to 1.5 kW. It is more preferable to use 4 units.
- an unvulcanized rubber composition tube formed by extruding the rubber composition into a tube shape by the extruder 11 is extruded from the extruder 11. Immediately after that, it is transported into the UHF vulcanizer 12 and transported through the UHF vulcanizer at a transport speed of 0.5-3 OniZmin.
- a microwave irradiator with a length of 4 m or less is used, and preferably the output per unit is 0.1 to 1.5 kW microwave transmitter.
- the microphone mouth wave is irradiated, and the rubber composition tube is foamed and vulcanized to form a foam rubber tube.
- the conveyance speed is 0.5 to 3. Om / min, and more preferably 1.0 to 3. OmZm i ri.
- the conveyance speed is 0.5 m / min or more, a more stable vulcanized ⁇ is obtained, and when the conveyance speed is 3. Om / min or less, a more stable foaming state is obtained and a uniform inner diameter dimension is obtained. It becomes.
- the length of the microwave irradiation area is 4 m or less, preferably 3 m or less. And its limit is considered to be about l m considering the possibility of sparking.
- a conductive core material is press-fitted into the inner diameter portion of the foamed rubber tube with an automatic metal core presser 17 to cover the foamed rubber tube having conductivity.
- the conductive core material at this time may be either a hot melt adhesive, an adhesive such as a vulcanized adhesive applied to a desired region, or an adhesive not applied.
- this roller-shaped molded body is set in a polishing machine (not shown), and polished under predetermined polishing conditions to produce a conductive rubber roller having a predetermined outer diameter.
- a roller for an electrophotographic apparatus such as a charging roller, a developing port, and a transfer roller.
- a developing roller and a charging roller can prevent a compounded chemical such as stearic acid from bleeding out from the foam rubber layer on the outer peripheral surface of the foam rubber layer of the conductive rubber roller.
- a layer for imparting desired functions such as a prevention layer, an electrode layer, a resistance control layer that controls electrical characteristics, and a coating layer that is provided to prevent scratches and contamination on the photoreceptor, etc. It is enough to make it.
- a known method for example, a method using a coating solution such as a dip coating method or a roll coating method, or a simultaneous molding multilayer Examples include a method of coating a seamless tube.
- the transfer roller is a stain that prevents blended chemicals such as stearic acid from bleeding out from the foam rubber layer on the outer peripheral surface of the foam rubber layer of the conductive rubber roller.
- a layer for imparting a desired function such as a sticking prevention layer, a resistance control layer for controlling electrical characteristics, and a surface property control layer for controlling the surface property to improve the transportability of the transfer material, as necessary. It may be provided. These layers can be formed in the same manner as in the case of the developing roller and the charging roller.
- the conductive rubber roller may be used as it is as a transfer roller.
- the transfer roller is described in particular, but the present invention is not limited to this transfer roller, and can be applied to a charging roller and a developing roller.
- a conductive rubber roller (FIG. 1) demonstrating the present invention was produced as follows.
- Atari P nitrile butadiene rubber (manufactured by ZEON Corporation, DN 40 1; trade name) 75 parts by mass, epichlorohydrin rubber (manufactured by ZEON Corporation, Zeclon 3 10 6; trade name) 2 3 parts by mass , Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-aryl glycidyl ether terpolymer (manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd., Zeospan 8 0 3 0 ; Product name) 2 parts by mass, azodicarbonamide (manufactured by Eiwa Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., VINYHALL AC; trade name) 4 parts by mass, stearic acid (manufactured by Kao Corporation, RUNAC S 2 0; product name) ) 1 part by mass, zinc oxide (manufactured by Hakusui Chemical Co., Ltd
- This rubber composition tube was heated and heated using a UHF vulcanizer 12 (manufactured by Micro Electronics Co., Ltd.) under the conditions shown in Table 1-11 and Table 1-12 in a microphone mouth wave irradiation area of 4 m.
- the foamed tube is taken up with a scissor take-up machine 14 and immediately after it is discharged from the bow I take-up machine 1 4, the tube is cooled in a cooling tank 15, and a regular cutting machine 1 6 To obtain a foam rubber tube having an outer diameter of ⁇ 16.0 111111, an inner diameter of 4.2 mm, and a length of 25 O mm.
- a conductive core material with an outer diameter of ⁇ 6 mm, to which no adhesive was applied was pressed into the inner diameter part of the foam rubber tube using an automatic core metal presser machine 17 and the foam rubber tube was attached to the foam rubber layer.
- a roller-like shaped body was obtained.
- This roller-shaped compact is set in a polishing machine (not shown) equipped with a grinding wheel GC 80, and the polishing conditions are a rotation speed of 200 rpm and a feed speed of 0.5 m / min.
- a conductive rubber roller was prepared by polishing to a diameter of 17 mm.
- the outer diameter (a) of the conductive core and the inner diameter (b) of the foam rubber tube are And measure with a pin gauge to find the ratio [((a-b) / a) X 100]. At this time, the difference ratio is preferably 20 to 35%.
- the foamed rubber tube was cut at any location, the cross-section of the projector (manufactured by Nikon Corp., profile projector V- 12B; trade name), the largest portion of the inner and outer diameters, respectively (t ma x) and the minimum section (t m n ) and measure the ratio (t max x t min n ). At this time, this ratio is preferably closer to 1.
- Hardness tester Asker C type, 4 .. 9N load, measure any location of the foamed rubber layer of the conductive rubber roller at 90 ° in the circumferential direction, and find the difference between the maximum and minimum values. Hardness was uneven. The hardness unevenness is preferably close to zero.
- Example 1-1 in Example 1-1 1 to 1_5, the conveyance speed in the microwave mouth vulcanizer with the length of the area irradiated with microwaves of 4 m or less is 0.5 to 3. Om. This is the case where the total irradiation power is irradiated at 0.3 to 3.0 kW while being conveyed at / mi rt, and the foam core tube has good press-fitting property of the foamed rubber tube and the inner and outer diameters of the foamed rubber tube. It can be seen that the aspect ratio is small below 1.05 and the cell diameter distribution is uniform. Furthermore, the hardness unevenness in the circumferential direction of the conductive rubber roller is small, and the resistance unevenness is also as small as 1. 05 digits.
- Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-5 as shown in Table 1-12, microwave irradiation output 0.1 l kW, 1.5 kW, 2.0 kW, 4.0 kW, transport The case where the speed was 0.3 m / min and 3.5 mZmin was mentioned.
- the foamed rubber tube fell out of the conductive core after press-fitting, and in Comparative Examples 1-13 and 114, the foamed rubber tube was press-fitted but was torn and damaged. As a result, it could not be molded as a conductive rubber roller.
- Comparative Examples 1-2 and 1-5 the inner diameter of the foamed rubber tube was small, and it was impossible to press fit into the conductive core material. Further, it can be seen that the cell diameter distribution is poor and the aspect ratio of the inner and outer diameters of the foam rubber tube is larger than that of the example. Table 1 1 1
- Tl O / Tp 10 was calculated from the obtained initial vulcanization time T10 and initial foaming time ⁇ 10.
- a gas tracer unit (Gaiwa Tracer 250, manufactured by Eiwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), and put 5 g of uncured rubber and 1 Oml of liquid paraffin to be used in a test tube.
- advance 1 Dip the test tube for 30 minutes in an oil bath set at any temperature in the range of 70 to 230, and measure the gas generation rate every 10 seconds after immersion. The gas generation rate was determined by dividing the gas generation rate when the gas generation rate reached equilibrium by the time required.
- the hardness difference is preferably 0 or close to 0.
- the roller resistance is NZN (23 ° C / 55% RH). After leaving for 48 hours in the environment, make sure that the load of 4.9 N is applied to both sides of the shaft of the conductive rubber roller. It was measured by applying a voltage of 2 kV between the shaft body and the aluminum drum in a state where it was crimped to the aluminum drum and rotated. The ratio between the maximum and minimum resistance values at this time is expressed as circumferential unevenness.
- the circumferential unevenness is preferably 1.6 or less, particularly preferably less than 1.2.
- the ultimate temperature of the rubber layer is controlled by the atmospheric temperature of the UHF furnace and the microwave power.
- the foaming gas generation rate is measured with the gas tracer device using the temperature reached by the rubber layer as a measurement condition, it is within the requirements of the present invention. Therefore, the rubber layer is sufficiently foamed, and the cells are uniform and free from unevenness. Furthermore, the difference in hardness is small, and the resistance unevenness is 1.6 digits or less. Comparative Example 2—! ⁇ About 2-6:
- Comparative Example 2-1 the value of T 1 O / T p 10 is not within the requirements of the present invention, and since vulcanization is delayed with respect to foaming, the formed cells are uneven and foaming unevenness occurs. I'm doing.
- Comparative Example 2-4 when the ambient temperature was set to 1300 ° C, both T1 0 and T1O / Tp10 were not within the requirements of the present invention, and vulcanization was greatly delayed with respect to foaming. In addition, remarkable foaming unevenness is observed.
- vulcanization / foaming could not be completed in the UHF furnace or HA.V furnace using the apparatus introduced in the present invention, and there were cases where a suitable rubber tube could not be obtained and a force roller could not be produced. In the case where the roller could be produced, remarkable foaming unevenness occurred, and the diameter of the foamed cell sometimes exceeded 0.3 mm. As a result, hardness unevenness and resistance unevenness are getting worse.
- a conductive core material having a diameter of 4 to 10 mm coated with an adhesive or vulcanized adhesive on a desired region was press-fitted into the inner diameter portion of the tube-shaped conductive rubber molded product to obtain a roller-shaped molded body.
- This molded product is set in a polishing machine (not shown) equipped with a grinding wheel GC 80 and polished so that the outer diameter is 16 to 2 Omm at a rotational speed of 2000 RPM and a feed speed of 500 mm / min. Then, a conductive rubber roller was created.
- the materials used in each example and comparative example are as follows.
- Thiazole accelerator Dibenzothiazyl disulfide [Product name: Noxeller DM—P, manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.]
- Thiuram accelerator Tetrakis (2-ethylhexyl) thiuram disulfide [Product name: Noxeller TOT-N (molecular weight 633. 18), manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.]
- the induction coefficient ⁇ r-tan S is measured using an EN A series network analyzer E 5071 B (300 kHz-8.5 MHz) manufactured by Agileent Technologies, applying an electrode to the measurement sample and applying microwaves to rubber. Measurements were performed by irradiation. The measurement frequency was 2450 MHz, and unvulcanized rubber was used at room temperature of 23 ° C. The results are shown in Table 3-1.
- the tube was cut at an arbitrary location, and the cross section was observed with a video microphone (Keyence, DE, digital microscope VH-8000) for the presence of uneven foaming. At this time, it is preferable that there is no foaming unevenness over the entire observation surface, in particular, it is preferable that there is no difference between the cell diameter on the outer diameter side and the cell diameter on the inner diameter side. The difference was evaluated as X. The results are shown in Table 3-1. Table 3— 1
- the dielectric loss coefficient is in the proper range, and as a result, the foaming unevenness and the hardness difference are getting smaller.
- the tube was cut into a desired size by a regular cutter to produce a tube-shaped conductive rubber molding.
- a hot core adhesive or a vulcanized adhesive coated ⁇ 4 to 1 O mm conductive core material is press-fitted into the inner diameter portion of the tube-shaped conductive rubber molding, and a roller-shaped A molded body was obtained.
- This molded body was set in a polishing machine (not shown) equipped with a grinding wheel GC 80, and the outer diameter was 1 6 at a rotational speed of 20 00 RPM and a feed speed of 50 0 mmZ as polishing conditions.
- a conductive rubber roller was prepared by polishing to ⁇ 2 O mm.
- the rubber tube outer diameter after vulcanization was measured using a digital caliper (manufactured by Anri Keiki) at any position after vulcanization. Thereafter, polishing was performed to a desired outer diameter, and a grinding allowance mm was obtained by subtracting the outer diameter after polishing from the outer diameter of the rubber tube after vulcanization.
- a mesh belt with a trace of 1 mm or less in the radial direction was defined as “no mesh belt trace”, and a mesh belt with a mesh belt trace of 1 mm or less was defined as “with mesh belt trace”.
- the rubber tube was cut at an arbitrary location, and the cross section was observed with a video microscope (Keyence Digital Microscope VH—80,00).
- the hardness tester (Asker C type, 4.9 N load), measure any place on the tube made of a conductive rubber roller at 90 ° in the circumferential direction and measure the difference between the maximum and minimum values. It was expressed as hardness unevenness.
- the hardness difference is preferably as close to 0 force as possible.
- Roller resistance is NZN C23 ° CX 55% RH
- the conductive core material (core metal, shaft) of the conductive rubber roller is loaded with 4.9N on one side. Then, it was measured by applying a voltage of 2 kV between the shaft body and the aluminum drum in a state where it was pressed against an aluminum drum having an outer diameter of 3 Omm and rotated. The ratio between the maximum and minimum resistance values at this time is expressed as circumferential unevenness.
- the circumferential unevenness is preferably less than 2 digits.
- a conductive rubber roller (FIG. 1) demonstrating the present invention was produced as follows. Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd., DN401; trade name) 75 parts by mass, epichlorohydrin rubber (manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd., Zeklon 3 106; trade name), 10 parts by mass, ethylene oxide, propylene Oxide, allyl glycidyl ether terpolymer (composition ratio of propylene oxide: 1.3 Omo 1%, composition ratio of allyl glycidyl ether: 11.7mo 1%; prototype) 15 mass Part, azodicarbonamide (manufactured by Eiwa Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., VINYHALL AC; trade name: 4 parts by mass, stearic acid (manufactured by Kao Corporation, LUNAC)
- This rubber composition tube was heated and heated under the conditions shown in Table 5-1 and Table 5-2 in a UHF vulcanizer 12 (manufactured by Micro Electronics Co., Ltd.) at a microphone mouth wave irradiation area of 4 m.
- the foamed tube is vulcanized, and the resulting foamed tube is taken up by a take-up taker 14, immediately after being discharged from the take-up taker 14, the tube is cooled in a cooling tank 15, and desired by a fixed length cutting machine 16.
- a foamed rubber tube having an outer diameter ⁇ 16.0 mm, an inner diameter ⁇ 4.2 mm, and a length 2550 mm. After that, the outer diameter ⁇ by automatic core presser 1 7
- a 6-mm conductive core material was press-fitted into the inner diameter of the foamed rubber tube, and a foamed rubber tube was used as the foamed rubber layer.
- This roller-shaped compact is set in a polishing machine (not shown) equipped with a grinding wheel GC 80, and the polishing conditions are a rotation speed of 20 00 rpm, a feed speed of 0.5 m / min, and an outer diameter of A conductive rubber roller was prepared by grinding to a diameter of 17 mm.
- the hardness unevenness is preferably close to zero.
- the resistance of the conductive rubber roller is such that the load of 4.9 N is applied to both sides of the shaft of the conductive rubber roller, and it is pressed against an aluminum drum with an outer diameter of 3 Omm and rotated. Then, a voltage of 2 kV was applied between the shaft body and the aluminum drum, and the measurement was performed. This measurement was performed after 48 hours of exposure in each environment of LZL (15 ° CX 10% RH), N / N (23 ° CX55% RH), and H / H (35t x 85% RH). At this time, the resistance value in the L / L environment is the maximum value and the H / H ring. The resistance value at the boundary is expressed as the difference of R HH (R LL — R HH ) in digits [1 og (R LL / R HH )]. Environmental fluctuation of electrical resistance is preferably less than 2 digits.
- the rubber composition for molding the foam rubber layer has a propylene oxide composition ratio of 1.30 m ⁇ 1% and a glycyl glycidyl ester composition ratio of 1 1.7 mo 1%.
- the rubber composition for forming the foam rubber layer is ethylene oxide, propylene, in which the composition ratio of propylene oxide is 1.30 m ⁇ 1% and the composition ratio of allyl glycidyl ether is 11.7 mo 1%.
- the composition ratio of propylene oxide is 1.
- Comparative Example 5-4 the foamed rubber tube was not vulcanized or foamed and could not be molded as a conductive rubber roller. Further, in Comparative Examples 5-1, 5, 2, 5-3, 5-5, hardness hardness, resistance unevenness, environmental fluctuation amount is large, cell diameter distribution is poor, and the inner and outer diameters of foamed conductive rubber moldings It can be seen that the aspect ratio is larger than that of the example.
- Tube aspect ratio (outer diameter) 1.02 1.06 1.02 1.04 1.01
- Tube aspect ratio (inner diameter) 1.01 1.05 1.03 1.03 1.02
- the conductive rubber roller obtained by the production method of the present invention and the roller for an electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention are preferably used as a transfer roller or the like in an image forming apparatus such as an electrophotographic copying apparatus, a printer or an electrostatic recording apparatus. can do.
- This application is Japanese Patent Application No. 20 05-036079 filed on February 14, 2005, Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-036080 filed on February 14, 2005, February 23, 2005 Japanese patent application number 2005-047222 filed on February 24, 2005 Japanese patent application number 2005-049003 filed on February 24, 2005, Japanese patent application number filed on February 28, 2005 No. 2005-053816 and claims the priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-027022 filed on February 3, 2006, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Is.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
- Electrophotography Configuration And Component (AREA)
- Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
- Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
- Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2006800009175A CN101031849B (zh) | 2005-02-14 | 2006-02-14 | 导电性橡胶辊的制造方法和电子照相装置用辊 |
JP2007502689A JP4451906B2 (ja) | 2005-02-14 | 2006-02-14 | 導電性ゴムローラーの製造方法および電子写真装置用ローラー |
US11/450,576 US7520057B2 (en) | 2005-02-14 | 2006-06-12 | Process for producing conductive rubber roller, and roller for electrophotographic apparatus |
US12/407,875 US8037607B2 (en) | 2005-02-14 | 2009-03-20 | Process for producing conductive rubber roller, and roller for electrophotographic apparatus |
US13/236,563 US8533953B2 (en) | 2005-02-14 | 2011-09-19 | Process for producing conductive rubber roller, and roller for electrophotographic apparatus |
US13/968,227 US8998786B2 (en) | 2005-02-14 | 2013-08-15 | Process for producing conductive rubber roller, and roller for electrophotographic apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005-036079 | 2005-02-14 | ||
JP2005036079 | 2005-02-14 | ||
JP2005036080 | 2005-02-14 | ||
JP2005-036080 | 2005-02-14 | ||
JP2005-047222 | 2005-02-23 | ||
JP2005047222 | 2005-02-23 | ||
JP2005-049003 | 2005-02-24 | ||
JP2005049003 | 2005-02-24 | ||
JP2005053816 | 2005-02-28 | ||
JP2005-053816 | 2005-02-28 | ||
JP2006-027022 | 2006-02-03 | ||
JP2006027022 | 2006-02-03 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/450,576 Continuation US7520057B2 (en) | 2005-02-14 | 2006-06-12 | Process for producing conductive rubber roller, and roller for electrophotographic apparatus |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006085696A1 true WO2006085696A1 (ja) | 2006-08-17 |
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Family Applications (1)
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PCT/JP2006/302912 WO2006085696A1 (ja) | 2005-02-14 | 2006-02-14 | 導電性ゴムローラーの製造方法および電子写真装置用ローラー |
Country Status (5)
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US (4) | US7520057B2 (ja) |
JP (3) | JP4451906B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100905846B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101031849B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006085696A1 (ja) |
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2006
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-
2009
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2010
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2011
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2013
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---|---|
US20090182065A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
US8533953B2 (en) | 2013-09-17 |
KR100905846B1 (ko) | 2009-07-02 |
JP4647702B2 (ja) | 2011-03-09 |
JP2010140034A (ja) | 2010-06-24 |
JP4451906B2 (ja) | 2010-04-14 |
KR20070094966A (ko) | 2007-09-27 |
US7520057B2 (en) | 2009-04-21 |
CN101031849A (zh) | 2007-09-05 |
US20120008992A1 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
US8998786B2 (en) | 2015-04-07 |
JP2011070202A (ja) | 2011-04-07 |
CN101031849B (zh) | 2011-01-19 |
US20060280928A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
JP4772161B2 (ja) | 2011-09-14 |
JPWO2006085696A1 (ja) | 2008-07-03 |
US8037607B2 (en) | 2011-10-18 |
US20130330109A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
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