WO2006060956A1

WO2006060956A1 - Damper

Info

Publication number: WO2006060956A1
Application number: PCT/CN2005/002099
Authority: WO
Inventors: Xuejun Yin
Original assignee: Gerb (Qingdao) Vibration Control Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 2004-12-11
Filing date: 2005-12-06
Publication date: 2006-06-15
Also published as: CN1786510A; JP2008523324A; CN100425860C

Abstract

The invention relates to a damper for reducing vibration and consuming energy, which includes a cylinder and a moveable body, at least a part of moveable body is in the cylinder, there is at least a chamber in the cylinder, the chamber extends along the cylinder’s axis, the chamber is filled with viscous damping liquid, so a damping chamber is formed, the moveable body consists of a moveable element which is in the damping chamber, the moveable element with damping chamber consist of a shear chamber, the thick size of the shear chamber is smaller than its axis size. The damper has flexible damping action and simple construct, low cost, stable performance, long life.

Description

阻尼器技术领域 Retarder technology

本发明涉及一种振动控制装置，一种阻尼器，尤其是车辆悬挂***的减震器和建筑结构的减振耗能阻尼器。背景技术 The present invention relates to a vibration control device, a damper, particularly a shock absorber for a vehicle suspension system, and a vibration absorbing damper for a building structure. Background technique

阻尼器是一种应用广泛的振动控制基本元件，用于机械、交通工具、桥梁、建筑结构的减振、緩冲、耗能。 The damper is a widely used basic component of vibration control for vibration damping, cushioning, and energy consumption of machinery, vehicles, bridges, and building structures.

常见的阻尼器为液压油缸式，活塞相对于油缸仅在轴向相互运动，称之为单轴阻尼器，其由动体、动体杆、缸体和密封组成，动体一般为圓柱形，动体设有若干小孔或与缸体之间留有适当径向间隙 , 动体将油缸分为两动体腔，动体腔内充有液压油或粘度稍高的粘滞液体，如硅油，当动体相对于油缸运动时，密闭于受压一侧动体腔内的液体受挤压，压力升高，从动体间隙或小孔流到另一动体腔，两动体腔压力差形成对动体的运动阻力，做功，将机械能转化为热能，从而达到吸收外界能量的目的, 因此可广泛应用于减震、緩冲、耗能的场合，如车辆悬挂***和建筑消能减震。 The common damper is a hydraulic cylinder type. The piston only moves axially relative to the cylinder. It is called a single-axis damper. It consists of a moving body, a moving rod, a cylinder block and a seal. The moving body is generally cylindrical. The moving body is provided with a plurality of small holes or a proper radial gap is left between the moving body, and the moving body divides the oil cylinder into two moving body chambers, and the moving body cavity is filled with hydraulic oil or a slightly higher viscosity viscous liquid, such as silicone oil. When the moving body moves relative to the cylinder, the liquid sealed in the moving body cavity of the pressed side is squeezed, the pressure rises, the driven body gap or the small hole flows to the other moving body cavity, and the pressure difference between the two moving body chambers forms the moving body. Sports resistance, work, convert mechanical energy into heat, so as to absorb external energy, so it can be widely used in shock absorption, buffering, energy consumption, such as vehicle suspension system and building energy dissipation.

这种阻尼器经过几十年的不断改进，已很完善。但由于构造方面的原因，具有天生的缺陷： 1 )由于密封与活塞杆以及和活塞和阻尼缸的静摩擦和滑动摩擦，启动阻力较大，在小振幅作用时，阻尼力与速度相关性较差，致使理论计算复杂，误差较大； 2 )必须采用严密的密封，但密封件容易磨损或老化，一旦密封失效，压力差无法建立，阻尼性能就会迅速丧失； 3 ) 零件结构复杂、数量多、加工精度要求高，因此造价高； 4 ) 阻尼性能对加工精度、零件的可靠性比较敏感，一旦重要零件如阀门失效，阻尼性能迅速下降或失效； 5 )阻尼液体通过小孔节流时局部受高压剪切，瞬时发热升温较高，长期作用下容易老化，导致阻尼器失效； 6 ) 阻尼液体中沉淀物和磨损颗粒物影响阻尼参数，并加速阻尼器破坏；由于以上原因，这种形式的减震器，除了高质量的名牌产品外，普遍寿命较低，低档的汽车减震器甚至每半年就更换一次，造成大量的资源浪费，污染环境。发明内容 This damper has been improved over the decades and has been perfected. However, due to structural reasons, it has inherent defects: 1) Due to the static friction and sliding friction between the seal and the piston rod and the piston and the damper cylinder, the starting resistance is large, and the damping force is poorly correlated with the speed when the small amplitude is applied. The theoretical calculation is complicated and the error is large. 2) The tight seal must be adopted, but the seal is easy to wear or age. Once the seal fails, the pressure difference cannot be established, and the damping performance will be quickly lost. 3) The part structure is complex and the number is large. The machining accuracy is high, so the cost is high; 4) The damping performance is sensitive to the machining accuracy and the reliability of the parts. Once the important parts such as the valve fail, the damping performance drops rapidly or fails. 5) The damping liquid is partially throttled through the small holes. Under high pressure shear, the instantaneous heating is higher, and the aging is prone to aging under long-term action, resulting in damper failure. 6) The sediment and wear particles in the damping fluid affect the damping parameters and accelerate the damper damage. For the above reasons, this form Shock absorbers, in addition to high-quality brand-name products, have a generally low life expectancy. Low-end car shock absorbers are even replaced once every six months, causing a lot of waste of resources and polluting the environment. Summary of the invention

本发明的目的就是为了克服上述缺陷，提供一种采用新型原理和新型结构的单轴阻尼器，使其具有阻尼特性柔和、结构筒单、造价低、性能稳定、寿命长等优点，容易再生，环保的特点。 The object of the present invention is to overcome the above drawbacks and to provide a single-axis damper adopting a novel principle and a novel structure, which has the advantages of soft damping characteristics, simple structure, low cost, stable performance, long service life, and the like, and is easy to regenerate. Environmentally friendly features.

本发明是如下实现的： The invention is implemented as follows:

所述阻尼器，其包括缸体和动体，动体至少部分地位于缸体内，缸体内设有至少一个沿轴向延伸的腔室，该腔室内充有粘滞阻尼液体，形成阻尼腔室，动体由对应设置在阻尼腔室内的动叶片组成，动叶片与阻尼腔室壁构成剪切腔，剪切腔的厚度尺寸远小于其轴向尺寸。 The damper comprises a cylinder body and a moving body, the movable body is at least partially located in the cylinder body, and the cylinder body is provided with at least one axially extending chamber filled with a viscous damping liquid to form a damping The chamber is composed of moving blades correspondingly disposed in the damper chamber, and the moving blades and the damper chamber wall constitute a shearing chamber, and the thickness of the shearing chamber is much smaller than the axial dimension.

在缸体的阻尼腔室内设置至少一个沿轴向延伸的静叶片，将阻尼腔室分为若千相互连通或互不连通的子阻尼腔室，动叶片对应设置在子阻尼腔室内，动叶片与子阻尼腔室壁或静叶片构成剪切腔，剪切腔的厚度远小于其轴向尺寸。 At least one axially extending stator blade is disposed in the damper chamber of the cylinder block, and the damper chamber is divided into a plurality of sub-damper chambers that are connected to each other or not connected to each other, and the rotor blades are correspondingly disposed in the sub-damper chamber, the moving blades The shear chamber is formed with the sub-damper chamber wall or the stationary vane, and the thickness of the shear chamber is much smaller than the axial dimension.

为了使叶片之间的间距在运动时保持不变，以及动体相对于缸体仅做轴向相对运动，在动体与缸体之间设有轴向导向装置，轴向导向装置为滑动导向或弹性导向。 In order to keep the spacing between the blades unchanged during the movement, and the moving body only makes axial relative movement with respect to the cylinder body, an axial guiding device is arranged between the moving body and the cylinder block, and the axial guiding device is sliding guiding Or flexible orientation.

为了在同样的外形尺寸下获得更大的阻尼力，阻尼腔室或剪切腔有多个，相互之间平行排列，或同心排列，或者多个腔室同心排列然后平行排列；此外还可以在叶片上设置凹凸、通孔、楞条、或环片，用于调节阻尼液体流动扰力。 In order to obtain a larger damping force in the same external dimensions, there are a plurality of damping chambers or shearing chambers arranged in parallel with each other, or arranged concentrically, or a plurality of chambers are arranged concentrically and then arranged in parallel; Concavities, through holes, purlins, or ring pieces are provided on the blades for adjusting the damping fluid flow disturbance.

叶片的形状为管状、或柱状、或板状，其外表面横截面的形状可以是圆、椭圆、或多边形，其中以同心的圆管或方管最为优先。 The shape of the blade is tubular, columnar, or plate-like, and the shape of the outer surface cross section may be a circle, an ellipse, or a polygon, wherein a concentric tube or a square tube is most preferred.

本阻尼器并非一定需要密封，如果阻尼器基本在铅垂向工作，阻尼腔室开口向上，或倾斜角度不大，可以不用密封，或仅作防尘密封。如果阻尼腔室开口向下，或倾斜角度较大时，在动体与缸体之间应设置密封装置；密封装置可以是滑动密封，如采用弹性密封圈， 0型密封周，也可以是柔性密封，如橡胶密封、金属波纹管密封； The damper does not necessarily need to be sealed. If the damper is basically working in the vertical direction, the damper chamber opening is upward, or the angle of inclination is not large, it may not be sealed, or only a dust seal. If the damper chamber opening is downward, or the angle of inclination is large, a sealing device should be provided between the moving body and the cylinder; the sealing device can be a sliding seal, such as an elastic sealing ring, a 0-type sealing circumference, or a flexible one. Sealed, such as rubber seals, metal bellows seals;

动体运动时阻尼腔室的净体积随之变化，因此在阻尼器至少一处设有体积补偿装置。体积补偿装置为设置在阻尼腔室内的至少一个弹性补偿体；体积补偿装置包括一与阻尼腔室连通的体积补偿腔室，体积补偿腔室内设有一个或若干弹性补偿体；弹性补偿体为一充气气嚢，或一外表面设有气密弹性层的弹性发泡体；在于体积补偿装置为一弹性气嚢，其一侧与阻尼腔室连通，另一侧充有压缩气体，或设有弹性发泡体，或设有压缩弹簧。 The net volume of the damper chamber changes as the moving body moves, so that at least one damper is provided with a volume compensating device. The volume compensating device is at least one elastic compensating body disposed in the damper chamber; the volume compensating device includes a volume compensating chamber connected to the damper chamber, and the volume compensating chamber is provided One or several elastic compensating bodies; the elastic compensating body is an inflatable gas crucible, or an elastic foam having an airtight elastic layer on the outer surface; the volume compensating device is an elastic gas cylinder, and one side and the damping chamber Connected, the other side is filled with compressed gas, or is provided with an elastic foam, or is provided with a compression spring.

为了使阻尼器的阻尼大小可以调节，设有阻尼液体液位调节装置和阻尼液体灌注孑 L In order to adjust the damping of the damper, a damping liquid level adjustment device and a damping liquid perfusion 孑 L are provided.

为了进一步增大阻尼器的阻尼，粘滞剪切阻尼器中还可以集成一个液压时阻尼器，即在一个叶片上设有活塞，活塞与其相邻的叶片之间设有滑动密封，构成两个活塞腔室；活塞与其相邻的叶片之间设有和适当间隙，或设有若干截流小孔。 In order to further increase the damping of the damper, a viscous shear damper can also be integrated with a hydraulic damper, that is, a piston is provided on one blade, and a sliding seal is arranged between the piston and its adjacent blade to form two Piston chamber; a suitable gap between the piston and its adjacent vanes, or a plurality of intercepting orifices.

阻尼器的两端设置法兰联接、销孔联接，或在缸体和动体的外表面设置锚固连接筋。 The damper is provided with flange connection, pin hole connection at both ends, or anchoring ribs on the outer surfaces of the cylinder and the moving body.

粘滞阻尼液体为磁控流变液体，或电压控流变液体，或粘度较高的阻尼液体，如硅油，或曱级硅油，或聚异丁烯，或常温下为液态的改性沥青。 The viscous damping liquid is a magnetron-controlled fluid, or a voltage-controlled rheological liquid, or a viscosity-reducing liquid such as silicone oil, or a silicone oil, or polyisobutylene, or a modified asphalt which is liquid at normal temperature.

阻尼器工作时，动体在外部载荷作用下相对于缸体沿轴向运动，动叶片相对于缸体和静叶片相对运动，剪切动叶片两侧剪切腔室内的粘滞液体, 由于粘滞液体的粘性，产生一阻碍动叶片运动的粘滞阻力，该粘滞阻力总是与运动方向相反，而且运动速度越大，阻力越大，从而消耗外力做功，将机械能转化为热能。 When the damper is working, the moving body moves axially relative to the cylinder under external load, and the moving blade moves relative to the cylinder and the stationary blade, and shears the viscous liquid in the chamber inside the moving blade, due to sticking The viscosity of the liquid lags, creating a viscous resistance that hinders the movement of the moving blade. The viscous resistance is always opposite to the direction of motion, and the greater the speed of motion, the greater the resistance, thereby consuming external force to work and converting mechanical energy into heat.

与液压阻尼器相比，本发明所述阻尼器不靠小孔或间隙节流形成的压力差产生运动阻力，而是剪切腔内高粘度的阻尼液体在对动叶片产生的粘滞力形成运动阻力，因此阻尼腔室内的压力较 n 对于阻尼腔室开口高于阻尼液体最高位置的工况，阻尼器无需密封，只有阻尼腔室开口低于阻尼液最高位置时，或阻尼器有防尘要求时才需密封；导向装置也无须特别精密，因此活塞杆与缸体的摩擦力很小，启动阻力较小，阻尼力与速度是一连续光滑的指数函数，设计时可以计算精确，与实际误差较小；本发明所述阻尼器结构筒单、无精密部件，因此造价低，性能稳定、工作可靠；无磨损部件，因此基本无需维修、寿命长，检修后可以继续使用，具有可再生特性，环保。附图说明图 1为本发明实施例 1的结构示意图； Compared with the hydraulic damper, the damper of the present invention generates motion resistance without the pressure difference formed by the orifice or the gap throttling, but forms the viscous force generated by the high viscosity damping liquid in the shearing chamber on the moving blade. Movement resistance, therefore the pressure in the damper chamber is lower than n. For the damper chamber opening higher than the highest position of the damping liquid, the damper does not need to be sealed, only the damper chamber opening is lower than the highest position of the damping fluid, or the damper is dust-proof. Sealing is required only when required; the guiding device does not need to be particularly precise, so the friction between the piston rod and the cylinder is small, the starting resistance is small, the damping force and speed are a continuous smooth exponential function, and the design can be calculated accurately and realistically. The error is small; the damper structure of the invention has simple and non-precision components, so the utility model has the advantages of low cost, stable performance and reliable operation; no wear parts, so basically no maintenance, long service life, can be used after maintenance, and has regenerative characteristics. , environmental protection. DRAWINGS 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

图 2为图 1的 A-A截面图； Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1;

图 3为本发明实施例 2的结构示意图； 3 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

图 4为图 3的 A-A截面图之一； Figure 4 is one of the A-A cross-sectional views of Figure 3;

图 5为图 3的 A-A截面图之二； Figure 5 is a second sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 3;

图 6为图 3的 A- A截面图之三； Figure 6 is a third cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 3;

图 7为本发明实施例 3的结构示意图； Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

图 8为图 7的 A-A截面图之一； Figure 8 is one of the A-A cross-sectional views of Figure 7;

图 9为图 7的 A-A截面图之二； Figure 9 is a second sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 7;

图 1 0为本发明实施例 4的结构示意图； Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

图 1 1为图 1 0的 A- A截面图之一； Figure 1 1 is one of the A-A cross-sectional views of Figure 10;

图 12为图 1 0的 A- A截面图之二； Figure 12 is a second cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 10;

图 1 3为本发明实施例 5的结构示意图； Figure 13 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

图 14为本发明实施例 6的结构示意图； Figure 14 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 6 of the present invention;

图 1 5为本发明实施例 7的结构示意图； Figure 15 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 7 of the present invention;

图 1 6为图 15的 A-A截面图。具体实施方式 Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 15. detailed description

实施例 1 Example 1

参见图 1、 2 , 其包括动体 1和缸体 2 , 动体 1部分地位于圓筒形缸体 2 内，可以相对缸体 2作轴向运动，缸体内设有一个沿轴向延伸的阻尼腔室，阻尼腔室内充满粘滞阻尼液体 3 , 此处为常温下为粘稠液态的改性乳化沥青，动体 1 由一圓柱形的动叶片组成，动叶片位于阻尼腔室之中，与阻尼腔室壁构成剪切腔，剪切腔的径向尺寸远小于其轴向尺寸。缸体的端部设置缸盖 2a , 缸盖与动叶片滑动导向配合，缸盖内嵌有滑动密封圈 5 , 动叶片的端部固定滑动导向块 4b , 其呈十字状，允许阻尼液体流过，阻尼腔室内设有一体积补偿体 6a , 其为一充气气嚢，动叶片向外运动时，阻尼腔室净体积增大，形成负压，小于气嚢内部压力，因此气嚢膨胀，补偿动体退出阻尼腔室腾出的体积，防止阻尼液体内部出现真空，动叶片向外运动时，情况相反，气嚢压缩。阻尼器工作时，动叶片 1相对于缸体 2轴向运动，剪切动叶片 1周围剪切腔室内的粘滞液体，由于粘滞液体的粘性，产生一阻碍动叶片运动的粘滞阻力，该粘滞阻力总是与运动方向相反, 而且运动速度越大，阻力越大，从而消耗外力做功，将机械能转化为热能。 Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the movable body 1 and the cylinder block 2 are partially located in the cylindrical cylinder block 2, and are axially movable relative to the cylinder block 2. The cylinder body is provided with an axial extension. Damping chamber, the damping chamber is filled with a viscous damping liquid 3, here is a modified emulsified asphalt which is viscous liquid at normal temperature, the moving body 1 is composed of a cylindrical moving blade, and the moving blade is located in the damping chamber The shear chamber is formed with the damper chamber wall, and the radial dimension of the shear chamber is much smaller than the axial dimension. The cylinder head is provided with a cylinder head 2a, and the cylinder head is slidably engaged with the moving blade. The cylinder head is embedded with a sliding sealing ring 5, and the end of the moving blade is fixed to the sliding guiding block 4b, which has a cross shape, allowing the damping liquid to flow through. The damper chamber is provided with a volume compensating body 6a, which is an inflatable gas raft. When the moving blade moves outward, the net volume of the damper chamber increases, forming a negative pressure, which is smaller than the internal pressure of the gas enthalpy, so the gas swells and compensates The volume exiting the damper chamber to prevent the vacuum from appearing inside the damping liquid. When the moving blade moves outward, the situation is reversed and the gas is compressed. When the damper is working, the moving blade 1 moves axially relative to the cylinder block 2, and the viscous liquid in the shearing chamber around the moving blade 1 is sheared, and due to the viscosity of the viscous liquid, a viscous resistance that hinders the movement of the moving blade is generated. The viscous resistance is always opposite to the direction of motion, and the greater the speed of motion, the greater the resistance, thereby consuming external forces to perform work, converting mechanical energy into heat.

与液压阻尼器相比，本发明所述阻尼器不靠小孔或间隙节流形成的压力差形成运动阻力，而是依靠剪切腔内高粘度的阻尼液体对动叶片产生的粘滞力形成运动阻力，因此阻尼腔室内的压力较低，因此动体与缸体的摩擦力 4艮小，启动阻力较小，阻尼力与速度是一连续光滑的指数函数，设计时可以计算精确，与实际误差较小；本发明所述阻尼器结构简单、无精密部件、鲁棒性强，因此造价低，性能稳定、工作可靠；磨损部件少，因此维修少、寿命长，检修后可以继续使用，具有可再生特性，环保。实施例 2 Compared with the hydraulic damper, the damper of the present invention does not rely on the pressure difference formed by the orifice or the gap to form the motion resistance, but relies on the high viscosity of the damping liquid in the shearing chamber to form the viscous force generated by the moving blade. The resistance of the movement, so the pressure in the damper chamber is low, so the friction between the moving body and the cylinder is small, the starting resistance is small, and the damping force and speed are a continuous smooth exponential function. The design can be calculated accurately and realistically. The error is small; the damper of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, no precision parts and strong robustness, so the utility model has the advantages of low cost, stable performance and reliable operation; less wear parts, so the maintenance is small, the service life is long, and the maintenance can be continued after use, Renewable features, environmentally friendly. Example 2

参见附图 3、 4 , 与实施例 1相比，在缸体 2中心设有一圓柱形静叶片 2a , 将阻尼腔室变为一环形阻尼腔，与此对应，动体 1 的动叶片为管状, 动叶片位于阻尼腔室之中，与阻尼腔室壁和静叶片 2a构成剪切腔，阻尼腔室和剪切腔室内充满曱基硅油，剪切腔的横向尺寸远小于其轴向尺寸，阻尼腔室的下部设有一环状弹性补偿体 6b, 动体顶部阻尼腔室设置弹性补偿体 6b , 弹性补偿体 6b为一外部设有气密弹性层的弹性发泡聚氨酯。 Referring to Figures 3 and 4, in comparison with Embodiment 1, a cylindrical stationary vane 2a is provided in the center of the cylinder block 2, and the damper chamber is changed into an annular damper chamber. Correspondingly, the moving blade of the moving body 1 is tubular. The moving blade is located in the damper chamber, and forms a shearing chamber with the damper chamber wall and the stationary blade 2a. The damper chamber and the shear chamber are filled with sulfhydryl silicone oil, and the transverse dimension of the shearing chamber is much smaller than the axial dimension. The lower part of the damper chamber is provided with an annular elastic compensating body 6b, and the top damper chamber of the moving body is provided with an elastic compensating body 6b, and the elastic compensating body 6b is an elastic foaming polyurethane provided with an airtight elastic layer externally.

与实施例 1相比，本实施例的动叶片有内外两个粘滞剪切腔室 , 叶片运动时有两个粘滞剪切面，增大了粘滞阻力；动叶片的上下设有两个相同的导向块 4b , 其横截面形状为花键状，花键齿用于导向，齿间空隙允许阻尼液体流过，齿间的环片还可适当液体流过的阻力，从而增大阻尼。 Compared with the first embodiment, the moving blade of the embodiment has two viscous shear chambers inside and outside, and the blade has two viscous shear planes when moving, which increases the viscous resistance; The same guiding block 4b has a cross-sectional shape of a spline shape, the spline teeth are used for guiding, the inter-tooth gap allows the damping liquid to flow, and the ring between the teeth can also flow through the resistance of the appropriate liquid, thereby increasing the damping. .

与前述实施例相比，缸盖上不设滑动密封，而是设柔性气密密封，柔性密封为硫化在缸盖上的橡胶环，其内侧硫化有金属环，金属环与动体焊接, 缸盖与缸体螺栓联接，联接面之间设有密封垫片，保证阻尼液体***漏。由于橡胶有很好的剪切弹性，可以在允许动体作轴向运动同时又能很好地将阻尼液体密封，因此没有密封摩擦阻力，也不会磨损；导向装置因为不再需要兼顾密封要求，也无须特别精密，允许留有适当径向间隙，因此也不会因磨损失效,动体与缸体的摩擦很小，阻尼器启动阻力也很小。本发明所述阻尼器结构简单、无精密部件，鲁棒性强，因此造价低，性能稳定、工作可靠；无磨损部件，因此基本无需维修、寿命长，检修后可以继续使用，具有可再生特性，环保。 Compared with the foregoing embodiment, the cylinder head is not provided with a sliding seal, but a flexible hermetic seal is provided. The flexible seal is a rubber ring vulcanized on the cylinder head, and the inner side is vulcanized with a metal ring, the metal ring is welded with the moving body, and the cylinder is welded. The cover is coupled with the cylinder bolt, and a sealing gasket is arranged between the coupling faces to ensure that the damping liquid does not leak. Since the rubber has good shear elasticity, it can allow the moving body to move axially while sealing the damping liquid well, so there is no sealing friction resistance and no wear; the guiding device no longer needs to meet the sealing requirements. It also does not need to be particularly precise, and it is allowed to leave a proper radial clearance, so it will not be damaged by wear, the friction between the moving body and the cylinder is small, and the starting resistance of the damper is also small. The invention The damper has simple structure, no precision parts and strong robustness. Therefore, it has low cost, stable performance and reliable operation. It has no wear parts, so it basically requires no maintenance and long service life. It can be used after maintenance. It has renewable characteristics and is environmentally friendly.

本密封结构适合振幅和行程较小的工况，如果行程较大或振幅较大，可用金属波纹管替代橡胶环。 The sealing structure is suitable for working conditions with small amplitude and stroke. If the stroke is large or the amplitude is large, a metal bellows can be used instead of the rubber ring.

上述缸体和动叶片的截面为同心圆，静叶片截面为圆；实际中，参见图 5、 6，截面形状也可以是缸体和动叶片的截面采用同心六楞管，静叶片截面为一平板；或者，缸体和动叶片的截面采用横截面为同心跑道形的钢管，静叶片截面为一平板，这种结构可以使阻尼器的宽度大厚度，便于隐藏于墙体内。因此本阻尼器特别适合于建筑消能能阻尼器，因为夹墙的厚度有限。实施例 3 The cross section of the cylinder block and the moving blade are concentric circles, and the cross section of the stator blade is a circle; in practice, referring to FIG. 5 and 6, the cross-sectional shape may also be a section of the cylinder and the moving blade adopting a concentric six-pipe, and the cross section of the stator blade is one. Or flat plate; or, the cross section of the cylinder block and the moving blade adopts a steel pipe having a cross-section of a concentric racetrack shape, and the cross section of the static blade is a flat plate. The structure can make the width of the damper large and easy to be hidden in the wall body. This damper is therefore particularly suitable for building energy dampers because of the limited thickness of the wall. Example 3

参见附图 7、 8 , 与实施例 2相比，缸体 2内的阻尼腔室内的静叶片为园管状 2c ,动体 1由 2个圓管状动叶片組成，形成 3个同心相套的剪切腔，阻尼腔室的下部设有一环状弹性补偿体 6b , 弹性补偿体为一外部设有气密弹性层的弹性发泡聚氨酯。动体顶部设有一补偿腔室，补偿腔室内设有气密弹性膜 6c , 其一侧充有压缩空气，一侧充满阻尼液体，并与阻尼腔室连通，用以补偿阻尼腔室的体积变化；为了增大粘滞阻力，内层动叶片的端部也设置了翻边式扰流环片。 Referring to Figures 7 and 8, compared with the second embodiment, the stationary blade in the damper chamber in the cylinder 2 is a tubular tube 2c, and the moving body 1 is composed of two circular tubular moving blades to form three concentric shears. In the cavity, the lower part of the damper chamber is provided with an annular elastic compensating body 6b, and the elastic compensating body is an elastic foaming polyurethane which is provided with an airtight elastic layer. The top of the moving body is provided with a compensation chamber, and the compensation chamber is provided with a gas-tight elastic film 6c, one side is filled with compressed air, one side is filled with damping liquid, and is connected with the damping chamber to compensate for the volume change of the damping chamber. In order to increase the viscous resistance, the end of the inner moving blade is also provided with a flanging spoiler ring.

本实施例共有 3个粘滞剪切腔，可以产生更大的阻尼力。 In this embodiment, there are three viscous shear chambers, which can generate a larger damping force.

上述缸体、动叶片和静叶片的截面为同心圆；实际中，参见图 9，截面形状也可以是同心的矩形。 The cross section of the above-mentioned cylinder block, moving blade and stator vane is concentric; in practice, referring to Fig. 9, the cross-sectional shape may also be a concentric rectangle.

与前述实施例相比，阻尼器设柔性气密密封，柔性密封为一橡胶波纹套 5c，其两端硫化有法兰盘，法兰盘分别与动体和缸盖 2d螺栓联接，联接面之间设有密封垫片，保证阻尼液体***漏；导向装置无须特别精密，允许留有适当径向间隙，因此动体与缸体的摩擦也很小，阻尼器启动阻力也很小。实施例 4 参见图 1 0、 1 1 , 与实施例 2相比，缸体 2内的阻尼腔室由截面为十字形静叶片 2e分割为四个子阻尼腔室，四个截面为矩形的动叶片分别位于子阻尼腔室内 , 四个板状的静叶片 2b又分别分布在动叶片内。这样形成 8个粘滞剪切腔，可以产生更大的阻尼力；缸体上设有调整阻尼液体液面的灌装孔和排液孔，并设有丝堵。 Compared with the foregoing embodiment, the damper is provided with a flexible hermetic seal, and the flexible seal is a rubber corrugated sleeve 5c, which is vulcanized with flanges at both ends, and the flanges are respectively bolted to the movable body and the cylinder head 2d, and the joint surface is A gasket is provided to ensure that the damping fluid does not leak; the guiding device does not need to be particularly precise, and a proper radial clearance is allowed, so that the friction between the moving body and the cylinder is small, and the starting resistance of the damper is also small. Example 4 Referring to FIG. 10, 1 1 , compared with the embodiment 2, the damper chamber in the cylinder 2 is divided into four sub-damper chambers by a cross-shaped stator vane 2e, and four moving blades having a rectangular cross section are respectively located at the sub-section. Inside the damper chamber, four plate-shaped stationary blades 2b are respectively distributed in the moving blades. Thus, eight viscous shear chambers are formed, which can generate a larger damping force; the cylinder body is provided with a filling hole and a drain hole for adjusting the liquid level of the damping liquid, and a wire plug is provided.

参见图 12 , 截面为矩形管的动叶片内交错设置静叶片和动叶片，构成若干平行的剪切腔室，结构简单，容易制作。 Referring to Fig. 12, the stator blades and the moving blades are alternately arranged in the moving blades of the rectangular tube, and constitute a plurality of parallel shear chambers, and the structure is simple and easy to manufacture.

本实施例适合组装成为大型阻尼器，只要增加并排的阻尼腔室的组数，就可获得相应倍数的阻尼力；本实施例阻尼腔室开口向上，阻尼液体的液面位于缸体的上沿之下，没有密封也不会泄漏，照常工作，所示密封主要用于防尘目的。实施例 5： The embodiment is suitable for assembling into a large damper. As long as the number of groups of damper chambers side by side is increased, a corresponding multiple damping force can be obtained. In this embodiment, the damper chamber opening is upward, and the liquid level of the damping liquid is located at the upper edge of the cylinder. Underneath, there is no seal and will not leak, work as usual, the seal shown is mainly used for dust prevention purposes. Example 5

参见附图 1 3 , 相对实施例 1 , 阻尼腔室内阻尼液体为磁控流变液体，缸体和动叶片由导磁材料制成，缸体外壁上设有电磁线圏 8。调节磁场的强度，可以调节磁流变液体的粘度，从而调节阻 ¾力的大小，本实施例适用于需要根据路况调节阻尼的应用场合，尤其是汽车悬挂***的阻尼器。实施例 6 Referring to Figure 13 3, relative to the embodiment 1, the damping liquid in the damping chamber is a magnetron-controlled liquid, and the cylinder and the moving blade are made of a magnetic conductive material, and an electromagnetic wire 圏 8 is arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder. By adjusting the strength of the magnetic field, the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid can be adjusted to adjust the magnitude of the resistance. This embodiment is suitable for applications requiring adjustment of damping according to road conditions, especially dampers for automotive suspension systems. Example 6

参见附图 14 , 与实施例 5相比，阻尼腔室内阻尼液体为电压控流变液体，缸体中心静叶片上设有正电极 9 , 缸体内壁设有负电极 10 , 正负电极均与阻尼器外露部分绝缘。调节电场的强度，可以调节电压控流变液体的粘度，从而调节阻尼力的大小，本实施例适用于需要才艮据路况调节阻尼的应用场合，尤其是汽车悬挂***的阻尼器。实施例 7 Referring to FIG. 14, compared with the embodiment 5, the damping liquid in the damping chamber is a voltage-controlled rheological liquid, and the positive electrode 9 is arranged on the central stationary vane of the cylinder body, and the negative electrode 10 is disposed on the inner wall of the cylinder, and the positive and negative electrodes are respectively The exposed part of the damper is insulated. By adjusting the intensity of the electric field, the viscosity of the voltage-controlled rheological liquid can be adjusted to adjust the magnitude of the damping force. This embodiment is suitable for applications requiring adjustment of damping according to road conditions, especially dampers for automotive suspension systems. Example 7

参见附图 15和图 16 , 与实施例 2相比，在静叶片 2a上设有活塞 11，静叶片与其相邻的动叶片 1之间设有滑动密封导向环 4c , 构成两个活塞腔室，由于阻尼液体的粘度比普通液压式阻尼器高得多，所以该密封导向配合不必像普通液压式阻尼器的密封那样精密，可以留有间隙，活塞与动叶片之间也可以留有适当间隙和若干节流小孔，动叶片作轴向运动时，两活塞腔室的压力差形成一阻尼力, 动叶片剪切其外侧剪切腔室的阻尼液体也产生一粘滞运动阻尼力，静叶片与阻尼腔室内的粘滞液体的粘滞剪切力还产生一阻尼力，因此本阻尼器在相同体积内可产生更大的阻尼力。 Referring to Figures 15 and 16, in comparison with Embodiment 2, a piston 11 is provided on the stationary blade 2a, and a sliding sealing guide ring 4c is provided between the stationary blade and its adjacent moving blade 1 to constitute two piston chambers. Since the viscosity of the damping fluid is much higher than that of a conventional hydraulic damper, the sealing guide fit does not have to be as precise as the seal of a conventional hydraulic damper, and a gap can be left, the piston and the bucket There may also be a suitable gap between the sheets and a plurality of throttling holes. When the moving blades are axially moved, the pressure difference between the two piston chambers forms a damping force, and the moving blades shear the damping liquid of the outer shear chamber. A viscous motion damping force is generated, and the viscous shear force of the viscous liquid in the static vane and the damper chamber also generates a damping force, so the damper can generate a larger damping force in the same volume.

在动体和缸体之间也设有柔性气密密封 5b , 由于橡胶环的长度较大，本身具有导向作用，故可省去一个导向块 4b。 A flexible hermetic seal 5b is also provided between the moving body and the cylinder block. Since the rubber ring has a large length and has a guiding effect itself, a guiding block 4b can be omitted.

在缸体 2和动体 1的外表面，分别焊有锚固钢筋 12。 Anchoring bars 12 are welded to the outer surfaces of the cylinder block 2 and the movable body 1, respectively.

由于本阻尼器无精密部件，鲁棒性很强，抗破坏和抗过载能力非常强，又采用了柔性气密密封和锚固钢筋，所以本阻尼器可以预埋于钢筋混凝土结构之中，例如将其预埋于水库大坝分段坝体之间的结构缝之处，地震时可以充分消耗地震能量，减少坝体的振幅和结构缝的开裂度，保证大坝安全。 Because the damper has no precision parts, it is very robust, has strong anti-destruction and overload resistance, and adopts flexible hermetic sealing and anchoring steel. Therefore, the damper can be embedded in the reinforced concrete structure, for example It is embedded in the structural joint between the dam section of the reservoir dam. It can fully absorb the seismic energy during the earthquake, reduce the amplitude of the dam and the cracking degree of the structural joint, and ensure the safety of the dam.

Claims

权利要求书 Claim

1.一种阻尼器，其包括缸体和动体，动体至少部分地位于缸体内，其特征在于，缸体内设有至少一个沿轴向延伸的腔室，该腔室内充有粘滞阻尼液体，形成阻尼腔室，动体由对应设置在阻尼腔室内的动叶片组成，动叶片与阻尼腔室壁构成剪切腔，剪切腔的厚度尺寸远小于其轴向尺寸。 A damper comprising a cylinder body and a moving body, the moving body being at least partially located in the cylinder body, wherein the cylinder body is provided with at least one axially extending chamber, the chamber being filled with a viscosity The damper liquid forms a damper chamber, and the moving body is composed of a moving blade correspondingly disposed in the damper chamber. The moving blade and the damper chamber wall constitute a shearing cavity, and the thickness of the shearing cavity is much smaller than the axial dimension.

2.根据权利要求 1所述的阻尼器，其特征在于，在缸体的阻尼腔室内设置至少一个沿轴向延伸的静叶片，将阻尼腔室分为若干相互连通或互不连通的子阻尼腔室, 动叶片对应地设置在子阻尼腔室内, 动叶片与子阻尼腔室壁或静叶片构成剪切腔，剪切腔的厚度尺寸远小于其轴向尺寸。 The damper according to claim 1, wherein at least one axially extending stator blade is disposed in the damper chamber of the cylinder, and the damper chamber is divided into a plurality of sub-dampers that are connected or disconnected from each other. The chamber and the moving blade are correspondingly disposed in the sub-damper chamber, and the moving blade and the sub-damper chamber wall or the stationary blade constitute a shearing cavity, and the thickness of the shearing cavity is much smaller than the axial dimension.

3.根据权利要求 1和 2所述的阻尼器，其特征在于，阻尼腔室或剪切腔有多組，并列平行排列；或有多组同心分布；或由多组同心腔室平行排列。 The damper according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the damper chamber or the shearing chamber has a plurality of groups arranged side by side in parallel; or a plurality of groups of concentric distributions; or arranged in parallel by a plurality of sets of concentric chambers.

4.根据权利要求 1所述的阻尼器，其特征在于，动叶片、静叶片至少之一为管状、或柱状、或板状。 The damper according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the moving blade and the stationary blade is tubular, or columnar, or plate-shaped.

5.根据权利要求 2所述的阻尼器，其特征在于，动叶片、静叶片至少之一上设有的凹凸、通孔、楞条、或环片。 The damper according to claim 2, wherein the moving blade and the stationary blade are provided with at least one of a concave-convex, a through hole, a stringer, or a ring piece.

6.根据权利要求 1所述的阻尼器，其特征在于，在缸体与动体之间设有轴向导向装置。 The damper according to claim 1, wherein an axial guide is provided between the cylinder and the movable body.

7.根据权利要求 1所述的阻尼器，其特征在于，粘滞阻尼液体为磁控流变液体，或电压控流变液体，或粘度较高的阻尼液体。 The damper according to claim 1, wherein the viscous damping liquid is a magnetron rheological liquid, or a voltage controlled rheological liquid, or a viscous liquid having a higher viscosity.

8.根据权利要求 1所述的阻尼器，其特征在于，在缸体与动体之间设有滑动密封。 The damper according to claim 1, wherein a sliding seal is provided between the cylinder and the movable body.

9.根据权利要求 1所述的阻尼器，其特征在于，在缸体与动体之间采用弹性气密密封联结，其由气密的弹性材料或金属波纹管组成，两端分别与缸体和动体气密连接。 The damper according to claim 1, wherein an elastic hermetic sealing joint is used between the cylinder body and the moving body, and the air damper is composed of a gas-tight elastic material or a metal bellows, and the two ends are respectively connected to the cylinder block. It is airtightly connected to the moving body.

10. 根据权利要求 1所述的阻尼器，其特征在于，在阻尼腔室内或与阻尼腔室连通的补偿腔室内设置弹性补偿体，弹性补偿体为由气密弹性材料制成的气嚢或金属波紋结构，其内充有压缩空气、或设有弹性发泡体或弹簧。 10. The damper according to claim 1, wherein an elastic compensating body is disposed in the damping chamber or in the compensation chamber communicating with the damper chamber, and the elastic compensating body is airtight A pneumatic or metal corrugated structure made of an elastic material filled with compressed air or provided with an elastic foam or spring.

11. 才据权利要求 1所述的阻尼器，其特征在于，设置阻尼液体液位调节装置。 11. The damper according to claim 1, wherein a damping liquid level adjusting device is provided.

12. 根据权利要求 1所述的阻尼器，其特征在于，在动静叶片的至少一个叶片上设有活塞，活塞与其相邻的叶片之间设有滑动密封，以及适当间隙或若干截流小孔，构成两个活塞腔室。 12. The damper according to claim 1, wherein a piston is disposed on at least one of the blades of the static and dynamic blades, and a sliding seal is disposed between the piston and its adjacent blades, and a suitable gap or a plurality of intercepting holes are provided. Two piston chambers are formed.

13. 根据权利要求 1所述的阻尼器，其特征在于，在缸体或动体上设置电磁线圈，缸体和叶片由导磁材料制成。 The damper according to claim 1, wherein an electromagnetic coil is provided on the cylinder or the movable body, and the cylinder and the vane are made of a magnetic conductive material.

14. 根据权利要求 1所述的阻尼器，其特征在于，在最内层动静叶片和最外层缸体之间设置电极。 The damper according to claim 1, wherein an electrode is provided between the innermost dynamic vane and the outermost cylinder.

15. 根据权利要求 1所述的阻尼器，其特征在于，阻尼器的两端设置法兰联接、销孔联接，或在缸体和动体的外表面设置锚固连接筋。 15. The damper according to claim 1, wherein the damper is provided with flange coupling, pin hole coupling, or anchoring ribs on the outer surfaces of the cylinder and the movable body.