WO2006056086A1 - Capteur optoelectronique a haute dynamique et faible bruit d’offset - Google Patents
Capteur optoelectronique a haute dynamique et faible bruit d’offset Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006056086A1 WO2006056086A1 PCT/CH2005/000683 CH2005000683W WO2006056086A1 WO 2006056086 A1 WO2006056086 A1 WO 2006056086A1 CH 2005000683 W CH2005000683 W CH 2005000683W WO 2006056086 A1 WO2006056086 A1 WO 2006056086A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sensor according
- base
- substrate
- bipolar transistor
- emitter
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
Definitions
- Image sensors including sensors made in CCD or CMOS technology are used in a wide range of applications. For a large number of applications the ability to create scene images with a wide variation of intensities is necessary. Typically for these applications sensors in CMOS technology are used as with this technology it is possible to realize sensors with a response logarithmically dependent on the incident intensity [1] or sensors with a linear electrical response to the incident intensity , but with a conversion gain depending on the intensity [2]. These principles are typically realized using the non-linear properties of MOS transistors, available in CMOS technologies. Due to the variations of the parameters of these transistors, in particular due to the variation of the threshold voltage (Vth) which is done during production, the transfer function of such detectors does not suffer only from the offset variations during the reading.
- Vth threshold voltage
- the object of the invention presented is thus to propose a photodetector and an operating method of this photodetector suitable for integration into detector cell matrices (image sensors) having a small variation of the transfer function (of the incident optical intensity towards the electrical signal created by the detector) and making it possible to acquire images with a great variation of contrast.
- CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- BiCMOS Bipolar CMOS
- the realization of the sensor according to the invention is easily done using npn type transistors and detecting positive charges (holes). Achievement in purely bipolar technologies and possible, as will be obvious to the experienced reader in semiconductor technology.
- the detector according to the invention is sketched in FIG. 1. It is provided with a pnp bipolar transistor, whose remeater (1) is connected to a first reference potential (2).
- the base of this transistor (3) is connected to a reset circuit (4) for connecting or disconnecting the base with a second reference potential. (5).
- the base (3) is connected to a voltage detection circuit (6).
- the collector of the bipolar transistor is connected to ground, ie to the negative reference potential of the detector (7).
- phase A the base (3) of the transistor is connected to the second reference potential (5) through the reset circuit (4).
- phase B the integration phase (B)
- the base (3) will be disconnected from the reset potential (5).
- the electrons created by the light, and collected by the base diffusion (3) will thus be integrated on the parasitic capacitance of the base (3) and on the capacities (parasitic or explicit) of the circuits connected to the base.
- the base potential will therefore be reduced as a function of time and the number of electrons collected. If the intensity of the incident light is sufficiently high, the base potential will discharge until the emitter-base junction will be forward biased, and the collected electrons will be compensated by a current from the emitter towards the base of the bipolar transistor. . As soon as the emitter-base junction is directly polarized, the potential on the base (3) shows a logarithmic dependence on the collocated photocurrent by the basic broadcast. The current-base induces a parasitic current of remutor to the collector (7).
- the first reference potential (2) can be reduced, in order to polarize back the emitter-base junction in a reverse manner, and to allow the base potential to decrease linearly with respect to the number of electrons detected.
- the first reference potential decreases progressively fast towards the end of the integration time as is illustrated in FIG. 3.
- the voltage function with respect to time of this first reference potential may be a continuously differentiable function, or an approximation of such a function with one or more steps, as is illustrated in Figure 3 by the continuous and dotted curves respectively.
- FIG. 4 A possible implementation of the detector according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 4.
- the reset circuit is implemented with a switch made by a MOS transistor (8).
- the read circuit and realized by a MOS transistor connected in mounting "Source follower" (9).
- the reading of the detecting is done by connecting the MOS (9) by a MOS switch (10) to a current source (11).
- the current source can be implemented individually for each detector cell, or shared between different cells.
- the reading circuit (6) is provided with a memory element which makes it possible to save the signal at the end of the integration time and to carry out the reading later. This is done by a sampling operation (sample and hold) by the transistor (12).
- said sampling circuit realized by the MOS transistor (12) is used as a voltage amplifier in a common gate arrangement.
- the MOS gate (12) is biased at a potential lower than the reset potential plus a threshold voltage, but higher than the lowest potential plus a threshold voltage.
- the potential of the emitter (2) is always maintained at a lower voltage than the gate voltage of the MOS (12) during the reset phase and the integration phase minus a threshold voltage.
- the bipolar transistor In order to reduce the emitter-collector current when the emitter-base junction is forward biased it is advantageous to implement the bipolar transistor by resorting to implementations allowing the formation of a broad base and minimizing the surface of the emitter. In standard CMOS technologies this can be achieved by using the vertical bipolar forming between a PMOS drain diffusion, the N well and the p substrate. Current gain can be reduced by using instead of PMOS drain implantation only Pldd implantation (PMOS lightly doped drain) and avoiding any additional implantation (halo implant etc.). In another embodiment of the sensor according to the invention the bipolar transistor mentioned is formed using a deep box, as used for ESD protection transistors or high voltage (high voltage N-WeIl) as basic implementation.
- reminder (1) can be realized using the p-Base implementation, normally used for the bipolar npn vertical transistors base.
- the bipolar transistor will be formed between the p-base implant forming the emitter (1) the N-WeIl or high voltage N-WeIl well forming the base (3) and the p substrate forming the collector. (7)
- the base In order to increase the electron collection efficiency created by the incident light, it is advantageous to form the base with a maximum extension.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH19362004 | 2004-11-25 | ||
CH1936/04 | 2004-11-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006056086A1 true WO2006056086A1 (fr) | 2006-06-01 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/CH2005/000683 WO2006056086A1 (fr) | 2004-11-25 | 2005-11-17 | Capteur optoelectronique a haute dynamique et faible bruit d’offset |
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WO (1) | WO2006056086A1 (fr) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4473836A (en) * | 1982-05-03 | 1984-09-25 | Dalsa Inc. | Integrable large dynamic range photodetector element for linear and area integrated circuit imaging arrays |
EP0858111A1 (fr) * | 1997-02-10 | 1998-08-12 | Interuniversitair Micro-Elektronica Centrum Vzw | Détecteur de radiations électromagnétiques, structure d'un pixel à haute sensibilité utilisant ce détecteur et procédé de fabrication |
US6049357A (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 2000-04-11 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image pickup apparatus including signal accumulating cells |
US6201270B1 (en) * | 1997-04-07 | 2001-03-13 | Pao-Jung Chen | High speed CMOS photodetectors with wide range operating region and fixed pattern noise reduction |
US6493030B1 (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 2002-12-10 | Pictos Technologies, Inc. | Low-noise active pixel sensor for imaging arrays with global reset |
-
2005
- 2005-11-17 WO PCT/CH2005/000683 patent/WO2006056086A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4473836A (en) * | 1982-05-03 | 1984-09-25 | Dalsa Inc. | Integrable large dynamic range photodetector element for linear and area integrated circuit imaging arrays |
US6049357A (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 2000-04-11 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image pickup apparatus including signal accumulating cells |
EP0858111A1 (fr) * | 1997-02-10 | 1998-08-12 | Interuniversitair Micro-Elektronica Centrum Vzw | Détecteur de radiations électromagnétiques, structure d'un pixel à haute sensibilité utilisant ce détecteur et procédé de fabrication |
US6201270B1 (en) * | 1997-04-07 | 2001-03-13 | Pao-Jung Chen | High speed CMOS photodetectors with wide range operating region and fixed pattern noise reduction |
US6493030B1 (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 2002-12-10 | Pictos Technologies, Inc. | Low-noise active pixel sensor for imaging arrays with global reset |
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