WO2005103018A1 - Urea derivatives as antagonists of the vanilloid receptor (vr1) - Google Patents

Urea derivatives as antagonists of the vanilloid receptor (vr1) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005103018A1
WO2005103018A1 PCT/EP2005/003632 EP2005003632W WO2005103018A1 WO 2005103018 A1 WO2005103018 A1 WO 2005103018A1 EP 2005003632 W EP2005003632 W EP 2005003632W WO 2005103018 A1 WO2005103018 A1 WO 2005103018A1
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amino
alkyl
halogen
optionally substituted
mono
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PCT/EP2005/003632
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French (fr)
Inventor
Hiroshi Fujishima
Muneto Mogi
Hiroaki Yuasa
Masaomi Tajimi
Noriyuki Yamamoto
Fumihiko Hayashi
Yasuhiro Tsukimi
Jang Gupta
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Bayer Healthcare Ag
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Priority to EP05716548A priority Critical patent/EP1740557A1/en
Priority to CA002563494A priority patent/CA2563494A1/en
Priority to JP2007508757A priority patent/JP2007533673A/en
Publication of WO2005103018A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005103018A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D265/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D265/28—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines
    • C07D265/34—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines condensed with carbocyclic rings
    • C07D265/36—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines condensed with carbocyclic rings condensed with one six-membered ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A61P13/02—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of urine or of the urinary tract, e.g. urine acidifiers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A61P13/08—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the prostate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A61P13/10—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the bladder
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/16—Otologicals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
    • C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D215/20—Oxygen atoms
    • C07D215/22—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 or 4
    • C07D215/227—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 or 4 only one oxygen atom which is attached in position 2

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a urea derivative which is useful as an active ingredient of pharmaceutical preparations.
  • the urea derivative of the present invention has vanilloid receptor (VR1) antagonistic activity, and can be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with VR1 activity, in particular for the treatment of urological diseases or disorders, such as detrusor overactivity (overactive bladder), urinary incontinence, neurogenic detrusor overactivity (detrusor hyperflexia), idiopathic detrusor overactivity (detrusor instability), benign prostatic hyperplasia, and lower urinary tract symptoms; chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration, stroke; and respiratory diseases and inflammatory disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary (or airways) disease (COPD), common cold, cough, sneeze, bronchitis including acute and
  • Vanilloid compounds are characterized by the presence of vanillyl group or a functionally equivalent group.
  • vanilloid compounds or vanilloid receptor modulators are vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde), guaiacol (2-methoxy-phenol), zingerone (4-/4-hy- droxy-3-methoxyphenyl/-2-butanon), eugenol(2-methoxy4-/2-propenyl/pheno ⁇ ), and capsaicin (8-methy-N-vanillyl-6-noneneamide).
  • capsaicin the main pungent ingredient in "hot” chili peppers, is a specific neurotoxin that desensitizes C-fiber afferent neurons.
  • Capsaicin interacts with vanilloid receptors (VR1), which are predominantly expressed in cell bodies of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) or nerve endings of afferent sensory fibers including C-fiber nerve endings [Tominaga M, Caterina MJ, Malmberg AB, Rosen TA, Gilbert H, Skinner K, Raumann BE, Basbaum AI, Julius D: The cloned capsaicin receptor integrates multiple pain-producing stimuli. Neuron. 21: 531-543, 1998].
  • VR1 vanilloid receptors
  • the VR1 receptor was recently cloned [Caterina MJ, Schumacher MA, Tominaga M, Rosen TA, Levine JD, Julius D: Nature 389: 816-824, (1997)] and identified as a nonselective cation channel with six transmembrane domains that is structurally related to the TRP (transient receptor potential) channel family. Binding of capsaicin to VR1 allows sodium, calcium and possibly potassium ions to flow down their concentration gradients, causing initial depolarization and release of neurotransmitters from the nerve terminals. VR1 can therefore be viewed as a molecular integrator of chemical and physical stimuli that elicit neuronal signals in pathological conditions or diseases.
  • VR1 activity shows the relation between VR1 activity and diseases such as pain, ischaemia, and inflammatory disorders (e.g., WO 99/00115 and 00/50387).
  • VR1 transduces reflex signals that are involved in the overactive bladder of patients who have damaged or abnormal spinal reflex pathways [De Groat
  • antagonists of the VR1 receptor can be used for prophylaxis and treatment of the conditions and diseases including chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration, stroke, inflammatory disorders, urinary incontinence (UI) such as urge urinary incontinence (UUI), and/or overactive bladder.
  • UI urinary incontinence
  • UUI urge urinary incontinence
  • UUI is the involuntary loss of urine.
  • UUI is one of the most common types of UI together with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) which is usually caused by a defect in the urethral closure mechanism.
  • UUI is often associated with neurological disorders or diseases causing neuronal damages such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke and diabetes, although it also occurs in individuals with no such disorders.
  • One of the usual causes of UUI is overactive bladder (OAB) which is a medical condition referring to the symptoms of frequency and urgency derived from abnormal contractions and instability of the detrusor muscle.
  • OAB overactive bladder
  • WO03/014064 discloses the compounds represented by the general formula:
  • X represents C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl optionally fused by benzene, optionally substituted naphthyl, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted phenyl C ⁇ - 6 straight alkyl, phenyl fused by cycloalykyl, etc;
  • Q aa represents CH or N
  • R aa represents hydrogen or methyl
  • R bb represents hydrogen or methyl
  • Y represents substituted naphthyl
  • WO03/022809 discloses the compounds having vanilloid receptor antagonist activity represented by the general formula:
  • P and P' independently represent aryl or heteroaryl;
  • R al and R a2 independently represent hydrogen, alkoxy, hydroxy, etc;
  • n is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
  • p and q are independently 0,1, 2, 3 or 4;
  • r is 1, 2 or 3; and
  • s is 0, 1 or 2.
  • WO03/053945 discloses the compounds having vanilloid receptor antagonist activity represented by the general formula:
  • P a represents phenyl, naphthyl or heterocyclyl; n is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; p is independently 0,1, 2, 3 or 4; R 1 bl represents hydrogen, alkoxy, hydroxy, etc; and
  • X is a bond, C, O, or NR ; and r, q, R b3 , r R»b4 a, re defined in the application.
  • WO03/070247 discloses the compounds having vanilloid receptor antagonist activity represented by the general formula:
  • Xci represents N or CR cl ;
  • Xc 2 represents N or CR c2 ;
  • Xc 3 represents N, NR c3 or CR c3 ;
  • Xc 4 represents a bond, N or CR 04 ;
  • Xc 5 represents N or C; provided that at least one of Xci, Xc 2 , Xc 3 and Xc 4 is N;
  • Zcj represents O, NH or S;
  • Zc 2 represents a bond, NH or S;
  • L° represents alkylene, cycloalkylene, etc;
  • R cl , R° 2 , R° 3 , R c4 , R c5 , R c6 , R c7 , R c8a R c8b are defined in the application; and
  • R° 9 represents hydrogen, aryl, cycloalkyl, and heterocylcle.
  • WO03/080578 discloses the compounds having vanilloid receptor antagonist activity represented by the general formula:
  • a d , B d , D d and E d are each C or N with the proviso that one or more are N;
  • Y d is an aryl, heteroaryl, carbocyclyl or fused-carbocyclyl; n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; and R dl , R d2 , R d3 , R d4 ,
  • R and R >d6 are defined in the application.
  • This invention is to provide a urea derivatives of the formula (I), their tautomeric and stereoisomeric form, and salts thereof:
  • n 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
  • R 1 represents 3-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring optionally having one to three hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S wherein said ring is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N-(C].6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C ⁇ -6alkyl)amino, N- (C 3 .g cycloalkyl)amino, C]. 6 alkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, C ⁇ - 6 alkanoyl, N- (C ⁇ - 6 alkanoyl)amino, carbam ⁇ yl, C ⁇ .
  • alkylcarbamoyl C 3 .gcycloalkyl, hete- rocycle, C ⁇ - 6 alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C ⁇ - 6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], C 2 .
  • R 2 represent hydrogen, Ci- ⁇ alkyl, C 2 . 6 alkenyl, C 2 . 6 alkynyl, C ⁇ - 6 alkylsulfonyl, Ci- ⁇ alkyloxycarbonyl, C ⁇ - 6 alkylcarbonyl, or C 3 - 8 cycloalkyl wherein said alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl are optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, nitro, cyano, C ⁇ . 6 alkylcarbonyl, C ⁇ . 6 alkoxycarbonyl, C 3 .
  • cycloalkyl amino, N-(C ⁇ -6alkyl)amino, N,N- di(C].6alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N-(C ⁇ - 6 alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or N,N,-di(C ⁇ . 6 alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or said cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, cyano, nitro, (C ⁇ - 6 alkoxy)carbonyl, C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl, amino, N-(C].
  • R 1 and R 2 together with the adjacent N form 5-12 membered saturated or unsautrated cyclic ring optionally having one N or O atom other than the adjacent N and said ring is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N-(C ⁇ . 6 alkyl)amino, N,N- di(C ⁇ -6alkyl)amino, N-(C 3 .g cycloalkyl)amino, Ci- ⁇ alkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, C ⁇ - 6 alkanoyl, N-(C]. 6 alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl, C].
  • alkylcarbamoyl C 3 . 8 cyclo- alkyl, heterocycle, C ⁇ - 6 alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C ⁇ .
  • R 3 represents hydrogen, C h alky 1, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, or C 2 . 6 alkynyl;
  • R 4 each independently represents halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N- ( -ealkyrjamino, N,N-di(C ⁇ - 6 alkyl)amino, N-(C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl)amino, C ⁇ . 6 alkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, Ci- ⁇ alkanoyl, N-(C ⁇ . 6 alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl, Ci- ⁇ alkylcarbamoyl, C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl, Cj.
  • X represents O, CH 2 , S, or N(R 10 ), wherein R 10 represents hydrogen or alkyl.
  • the urea derivatives of formula (I) can be those wherein; n represents 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • R 1 represents phenyl, pyridine, or pyrimidine wherein said phenyl, pyridine, or pyrimidine is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N-(C]. 6 alkyl)amino, N,N- di(C ⁇ . 6 alkyl)amino, N-(C 3 .g cycloalkyl)amino, C ⁇ - 6 alkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, C ⁇ .
  • R 2 represent hydrogen, Ci- ⁇ alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, Ci- ⁇ alkylsulfonyl, or C 3 - gcycloalkyl wherein said alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl are optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, nitro, cyano, Ci.
  • alkylcarbonyl Ci- ⁇ alkoxycarbonyl, C 3 .gcycloalkyl, amino, N-(C ⁇ - 6 alkyl)amino, N,N- di(C]. 6 alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N- (C]. 6 alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or N,N,-di(C ⁇ .
  • 6 alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or said cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, cyano, nitro, (C ⁇ - 6 alkoxy)carbonyl, C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl, amino, N-(C]. 6 alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C]- 6 alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N- (C]. 6 alkyl)aminocarbonyl, N,N-di(Ci. 6 alkyl)aminocarbonyl, C ⁇ - 6 alkyl optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, or optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen; or
  • R 1 and R 2 together with the adjacent N form 5-12 membered saturated or unsautrated cyclic ring optionally having one N or O atom other than the adjacent N and said ring is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N-(C ⁇ - 6 alkyl)amino, N,N- di(C ⁇ .
  • R 3 represents hydrogen;
  • R 4 each independently represents halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N- (C ⁇ - 6 alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C ⁇ . 6 alkyl)amino, N-(C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl)amino, C ⁇ alkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, C ⁇ - carefully alkanoyl, N-(C ⁇ -6alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl, alkylcarbamoyl, C .
  • the urea derivative of formula (I) are those wherein; n represents 0, 1, 2, or 3; R 1 represents 3-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring optionally having one to three hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S wherein said ring is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N-(C ⁇ . 6 alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C ⁇ .
  • R 2 represent hydrogen or C ⁇ . 6 alkyl, wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, nitro, cyano, C ⁇ . 6 alkylcarbonyl, Ci- ⁇ alkoxy, Ci- ⁇ alkoxycarbonyl, C 3 .gcycloalkyl, amino, N-(C]. 6 alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C ⁇ - 6 alkyl)amino, N- (aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N-(C ⁇ . 6 alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or N,N,-di(C ⁇ . 6 alkyl)aminocarbonyl, R 3 represents hydrogen;
  • R 4 each independently represents halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N- (C ⁇ . 6 alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C ⁇ . 6 alkyl)amino, N-(C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl)amino, C ⁇ - 6 alkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, Ci- ⁇ alkanoyl, N-(C ⁇ .
  • the urea derivative of formula (I) are those wherein; n represents 1 or 2; R 1 represents phenyl, pyridine, or pyrimidine wherein said phenyl, pyridine, or pyrimidine is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N-(C ⁇ - 6 alkyl)amino, N,N- di(C ⁇ . 6 alkyl)amino, N-(C 3 .
  • R 2 represent hydrogen, C ⁇ - 6 alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, C ⁇ . 6 alkylsulfonyl, or C 3 -g cycloalkyl wherein said alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl are optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, nitro, cyano, C ⁇ - 6 alkylcarbonyl, Ci- ⁇ alkoxycarbonyl, C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl, amino, N-(C ⁇ - 6 alkyl)amino, N,N- di(Cj.
  • 6 alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or N,N,-di(C ⁇ - 6 alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or said cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, cyano, nitro, (C ⁇ - 6 alkoxy)carbonyl, C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl, amino, N-(C].
  • R 3 represents hydrogen
  • R 4 each independently represents halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N-
  • X represents O or CH 2 .
  • said urea derivative of the formula (I) is :
  • urological diseases or disorders such as detrusor overactivity (overactive bladder), urinary incontinence, neurogenic detrusor oeractivity (detrusor hyperflexia), idiopathic detrusor overactivity (detrusor instability), benign prostatic hyperplasia, and lower urinary tract symptoms.
  • the compounds of the present invention are also effective for treating or preventing a disease selected from the group consisting of chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neuro- degeneration and/or stroke, as well as inflammatory diseases such as asthma and COPD since the diseases also relate to VRl activity.
  • a disease selected from the group consisting of chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neuro- degeneration and/or stroke, as well as inflammatory diseases such as asthma and COPD since the diseases also relate to VRl activity.
  • the compounds of the present invention are also effective for treating or preventing respiratory diseases and inflammatory disorders such as common cold, cough, sneeze, bronchitis including acute and chronic bronchitis, bronchiolitis, rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, mucositis, sinusitis, allergy, disorders associated with exogenous irritants such as tobacco smoke, smog, high levels of atmospheric S0 2 and noxious gases in the workplace, and airways hyperreactivity, milk product intolerance, Loffler's pneumonia, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, collagen vascular disease, granulomatous disease, laryngitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, pleuritis, persistent asthma and chronic asthmatic bronchitis since the diseases also relate to VRl activity.
  • respiratory diseases and inflammatory disorders such as common cold, cough,
  • the compounds of the present invention are also useful for the treatment and prophylaxis of neuropathic pain, which is a form of pain often associated with herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia, painful diabetic neuropathy, neuropathic low back pain, posttraumatic and postoperative neuralgia, neuralgia due to nerve compression and other neuralgias, phantom pain, complex regional pain syndromes, infectious or parainfectious neuropathies like those associated with HTV infection, pain associated with central nervous system disorders like multiple sclerosis or Parkinson disease or spinal cord injury or traumatic brain injury, and post-stroke pain.
  • neuropathic pain which is a form of pain often associated with herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia, painful diabetic neuropathy, neuropathic low back pain, posttraumatic and postoperative neuralgia, neuralgia due to nerve compression and other neuralgias, phantom pain, complex regional pain syndromes, infectious or parainfectious neuropathies like those associated with H
  • the compounds of the present invention are useful for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain, forms of pain often associated with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis or other forms of arthritis, and back pain.
  • the compounds of the present invention are useful for the treatment of pain associated with cancer, including visceral or neuropathic pain associated with cancer or cancer treatment.
  • the compounds of the present invention are furthermore useful for the treatment of visceral pain, e.g. pain associated with obstruction of hollow viscus like gallstone colik, pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome, pelvic pain, vulvodynia, orchialgia or prostatodynia, pain associated with inflammatory lesions of joints, skin, muscles or nerves, and orofascial pain and headache, e.g. migraine or tension-type headache.
  • visceral pain e.g. pain associated with obstruction of hollow viscus like gallstone colik
  • pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome pelvic pain
  • vulvodynia orchialgia or prostatodynia
  • pain associated with inflammatory lesions of joints, skin, muscles or nerves e.g. migraine or tension-type headache.
  • the present invention provides a medicament, which includes one of the compounds, described above and optionally pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • Alkyl per se and "alk” and “alkyl” in alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkanoyl, alkylamino, alkylamino- carbonyl, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino and alkanoylamino represent a linear or branched alkyl radical having generally 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and particularly preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, representing illustratively and preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl and n-hexyl.
  • Alkoxy illustratively and preferably represents methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, tert- butoxy, n-pentoxy and n-hexoxy.
  • Alkylamino illustratively and preferably represents an alkylamino radical having one or two (independently selected) alkyl substituents, illustratively and preferably representing methylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, isopropylamino, tert-butylamino, n-pentylamino, n-hexyl-amino, N,N- dimethylamino, N,N-diethylamino, N-ethyl-N-methylamino, N-methyl-N-n-propylamino, N-isopropyl-N-n-propylamino, N-t-butyl-N-methylamino, N-ethyl-N-n-pentylamino and N-n- hexyl-N-methylamino.
  • Aryl per se and in arylamino and in arylcarbonyl represents a mono- to tricyclic aromatic carbocyclic radical having generally 6 to 14 carbon atoms, illustratively and preferably representing phenyl, naphthyl and phenanthrenyl.
  • Cycloalkyl per se and in cycloalkylamino and in cycloalkylcarbonyl represents a cycloalkyl group having generally 3 to 8 and preferably 5 to 7 carbon atoms, illustratively and preferably representing cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.
  • Heteroaryl per se and the heteroaryl portion of the heteroaralkyl, heteroaryloxy, heteroaralkyloxy, or heteroarylcarbamoyl represent an aromatic mono- or bicyclic radical having generally 5 to 10 and preferably 5 or 6 ring atoms and up to 5 and preferably up to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of S, O and N, illustratively and preferably representing thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, indolyl, isoindolino, indazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrazolyl, and triazolyl.
  • Heterocyclyl per se and in heterocyclylcarbonyl represents a mono- or polycyclic, preferably mono- or bicyclic, nonaromatic heterocyclic radical having generally 4 to 10 and preferably 5 to 8 ring atoms and up to 3 and preferably up to 2 hetero atoms and/or hetero groups selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S.
  • the heterocyclyl radicals can be saturated or partially unsaturated.
  • Ring per se represents a mono- or polycyclic, preferably mono- or bicyclic, aromatic or nonaromatic cyclic radical having generally 4 to 10 and preferably 5 to 8 ring atoms and optionally up to 3 and preferably up to 2 hetero atoms and/or hetero groups selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S.
  • the cyclyl radicals can be saturated or partially unsaturated. Preference is given to 5- to 8-membered monocyclic saturated cyclyl radicals optionally having up to two hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S.
  • Ring illustratively and preferably includes aryl such phenyl, naphthyl and phenanthrenyl; cycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl; heteroaryl such as thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, indolyl, isoindolino, indazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrazolyl, and triazolyl; and heterocyclic such as 1,3-dioxalanyl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, pyrrolidin-3-yl, pyrrolin
  • the compound of the formula (I) of the present invention can be, but not limited to be, prepared by combining various known methods.
  • one or more of the substituents, such as amino group, carboxyl group, and hydroxyl group of the compounds used as starting materials or intermediates are advantageously protected by a protecting group known to those skilled in the art. Examples of the protecting groups are described in "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (3rd Edition)" by Greene and Wuts, John Wiley and Sons, New York 1999.
  • the compound of the formula (I) of the present invention can be, but not limited to be, prepared by the Method [A], [B], [C], [D] or [E] below.
  • the compound of the formula (I) (wherein n, R 1 , R 2 and X are the same as defined above) can be prepared by reacting the compound of the formula (II) (wherein X is the same as defined above) and the compound of the formula (HI) (wherein Li represents a leaving group including halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom) and then adding the compound of the formula (IV) (wherein n, R 1 and R 2 are the same as defined above) to the reaction mixture.
  • the reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydro- carbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N, N- dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); urea such as l,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI); sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); and others.
  • a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloro
  • the reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted.
  • the reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20°C to 50°C.
  • the reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.
  • the reaction can be advantageously carried out in the presence of a base including, for instance, organic amines such as pyridine, triethylamine and N-N-diisopropylethylamine, dimethylaniline, diethylaniline, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and others.
  • the compound of the formula (I) can be prepared by the reaction of the compound of the formula (II) and the compound of the formula (V) (wherein n, R 1 and R 2 are the same as defined above).
  • the reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); urea such as l,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI); sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); and others.
  • a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloro
  • the reaction can be carried out in the presence of organic base such as pyridine or triethylamine.
  • the reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted.
  • the reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about room temperature to 100°C.
  • the reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.
  • the compound (V) can be prepared by the use of known techniques or are commercially available. [Method C]
  • the compound of the formula (I) can be prepared by reacting the compound of the formula (II) with phosgene, diphosgene, triphosgene, 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), or l,l '-carbonyldi(l,2,4- triazole)(CDT), and then adding the compound of the formula (IV) to the reaction mixture.
  • the reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); urea such as l,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI); sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); and others.
  • a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloro
  • the reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted.
  • the reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20°C to 50°C.
  • the reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.
  • Phosgene, diphosgene, triphosgene, CDI, and CDT are commercially available.
  • the compound of the formula (I) can be prepared by reacting the compound of the formula (IV) with phosgene, diphosgene, triphosgene, 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), or 1,1 '-carbonyldi( 1,2,4- triazole)(CDT) and then adding the compound of the formula (TJ) to the reaction mixture.
  • the reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1 ,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N, N- dimethylfor amide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); urea such as l,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI); sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); and others.
  • a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1
  • the reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted.
  • the reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20°C to 50°C.
  • the reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.
  • the compound of the formula (I) can be prepared by reacting the compound of the formula (IV) and the compound of the formula (HI), and then adding the compound of the formula (II) to the reaction mixture.
  • the reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); urea such as l,3-dimethyI-2-imidazolidinone (DMI); sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); and others.
  • a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dich
  • the reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted.
  • the reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20°C to 50°C.
  • the reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.
  • the reaction can be advantageously carried out in the presence of a base including, for instance, organic amines such as pyridine, triethylamine and N,N-diisopropylethylamine, dimethylaniline, diethylaniline, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and others.
  • the compounds of the formula (II) are commercially available or can be prepared by well known methods.
  • the compounds of the formula (II') can be prepared by the following procedures.
  • the compound of the formula (VII) (wherein X' represent O, S, or NR , 10 ) ⁇ can be prepared by cyclization of the compound of the formula (VI) (wherein Y represents OH, SH, or NH(R 10 ) ) using the agent including, for instance, chloroacetyl chloride.
  • the reaction can be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, amides such as N, N- dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and the like.
  • amides such as N, N- dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and the like.
  • amides such as N, N- dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and the like.
  • DMF N- dimethylformamide
  • DMAC N-dimethylacetamide
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.
  • the reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted.
  • the reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 0°C to 80°C.
  • the reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.
  • the compound of the formula (IF) can be prepared by the by the reduction of the compound of the formula (V1T) by hydrogenation using a catalyst including, for instance, palladium on carbon and platinum on carbon.
  • the reaction can be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, amides such as N, N- dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and others.
  • the reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted.
  • the reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20°C to 120°C.
  • the reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.
  • the compound (VI) is commercially available or can be prepared by the use of known techniques.
  • Typical salts of the compound shown by the formula (I) include salts prepared by reaction of the compounds of the present invention with a mineral or organic acid, or an organic or inorganic base. Such salts are known as acid addition and base addition salts, respectively.
  • Acids to form acid addition salts include inorganic acids such as, without limitation, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid and the like, and organic acids, such as, without limitation, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, p- bromophenylsulfonic acid, carbonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, acetic acid, and the like.
  • inorganic acids such as, without limitation, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid and the like
  • organic acids such as, without limitation, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, p- bromophenylsulfonic acid, carbonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, acetic acid, and the like.
  • Base addition salts include those derived from inorganic bases, such as, without limitation, ammonium hydroxide, alkaline metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, and the like, and organic bases, such as, without limitation, ethanolamine, triethylamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and the like.
  • inorganic bases include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and the like.
  • the compound of the present invention or a salt thereof, depending on its substituents, may be modified to form lower alkylesters or known other esters; and/or hydrates or other solvates. Those esters, hydrates, and solvates are included in the scope of the present invention.
  • the compound of the present invention may be administered in oral forms, such as, without limitation, normal and enteric coated tablets, capsules, pills, powders, granules, elixirs, tinctures, solution, suspensions, syrups, solid and liquid aerosols and emulsions.
  • parenteral forms such as, without limitation, intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and the like forms, well-known to those of ordinary skill in the pharmaceutical arts.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be administered in intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal routes, using transdermal delivery systems well-known to those of ordinary skilled in the art, or perlingual or buccal or via inhalation.
  • the dosage regimen with the use of the compounds of the present invention is selected by one of ordinary skill in the arts, in view of a variety of factors, including, without limitation, age, weight, sex, and medical condition of the recipient, the severity of the condition to be treated, the route of administration, the level of metabolic and excretory function of the recipient, the dosage form employed, the particular compound and salt thereof employed.
  • the compounds of the present invention are preferably formulated prior to administration together with one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients.
  • Excipients are inert substances such as, without limitation carriers, diluents, flavoring agents, sweeteners, lubricants, solubilizers, suspend- ding agents, binders, tablet disintegrating agents and encapsulating material.
  • compositions of the present invention are pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound of the invention and one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients that are compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.
  • Pharmaceutical formulations of the invention are prepared by combining a therapeutically effective amount of the compounds of the invention together with one or more pharmaceutically- acceptable excipients therefore.
  • the active ingredient may be mixed with a diluent, or enclosed within a carrier, which may be in the form of a capsule, sachet, paper, or other container.
  • the carrier may serve as a diluent, which may be solid, semi-solid, or liquid material which acts as a vehicle, or can be in the form of tablets, pills powders, lozenges, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols, ointments, containing, for example, up to 10% by weight of the active compound, soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions and sterile packaged powders.
  • a diluent which may be solid, semi-solid, or liquid material which acts as a vehicle, or can be in the form of tablets, pills powders, lozenges, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols, ointments, containing, for example, up to 10% by weight of the active compound, soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions and sterile packaged powders.
  • the active ingredient may be combined with an oral, and non-toxic, pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier, such as, without limitation, lactose, starch, sucrose, glucose, sodium carbonate, mannitol, sorbitol, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, methyl cellulose, and the like; together with, optionally, disintegrating agents, such as, without limitation, maize, starch, methyl cellulose, agar bentonite, xanthan gum, alginic acid, and the like; and optionally, binding agents, for example, without limitation, gelatin, natural sugars, beta- lactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums, acacia, tragacanth, sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes, and the like; and, optionally, lubricating agents, for example, without limitation, magnesium stearate, sodium stearate, stearic acid, sodium oleate, sodium benzoate,
  • the carrier may be a finely divided solid which is in admixture with the finely divided active ingredient.
  • the active ingredient may be mixed with a carrier having binding properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired to produce tablets.
  • the powders and tablets preferably contain from about 1 to about 99 weight percent of the active ingredient which is the novel composition of the present invention.
  • Suitable solid carriers are magnesium carboxymethyl cellulose, low melting waxes, and cocoa butter.
  • Sterile liquid formulations include suspensions, emulsions, syrups and elixirs.
  • the active ingredient can be dissolved or suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, such as sterile water, sterile organic solvent, or a mixture of both sterile water and sterile organic solvent.
  • the active ingredient can also be dissolved in a suitable organic solvent, for example, aqueous propylene glycol.
  • a suitable organic solvent for example, aqueous propylene glycol.
  • Other compositions can be made by dispersing the finely divided active ingredient in aqueous starch or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution or in a suitable oil.
  • compositions of this invention may be administered by nasal drops, by nasal aerosols, or as an inhaled powder.
  • Suitable nasal spray formulations of inventive compositions can be readily prepared according to techniques well known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation. For example, the preparation of solutions or emulsions are described by Achari et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6, 436,950 (supra), J. G. Nair [Chapt. 39, Solutions, Emulsions, Suspensions and Extracts, pg. 721-752J] and aerosols by J. Sciarra and C. J. Sicarra [Chapt. 50, "Aerosols", pg. 963 to 979] in the standard text: "Remington, the science and practice of pharmacy," Alfonso R. Gennaro, Chairman of the editorial board and editor. 20th ed. Baltimore, Md. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000.
  • compositions the active ingredient may be prepared as gels, liposomal dispersions, suspensions or emulsions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol, benzalkonium chloride or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters such as cyclodextrins to enhance bioavailability and bioadhesives for prolonged contact, and/or other solubilizing or dispersing agents known in the art.
  • a composition for administration to the intranasal surfaces is particularly contemplated that comprises a solution of the active ingredient dissolved or dispersed in a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent (carrier).
  • the solvent or wetting agent may be propylene glycol (1,2- propanediol) and a variety of aqueous carriers can be used, e.g. buffered water, 0.9 percent saline, buffered aqueous-ethanol solutions and the like.
  • aqueous carriers e.g. buffered water, 0.9 percent saline, buffered aqueous-ethanol solutions and the like.
  • These compositions can be sterilized by conventional, well-known sterilization techniques, or can be sterile filtered.
  • the resulting solutions can be packaged for use as is or mixed as an adjuvant to another medication.
  • compositions can contain pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary substances as required to approximate physiological conditions, such as pH adjusting and buffering agents, tonicity adjusting agents, wetting agents and the like, for example, sodium acetate, sodium lactate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sorbitan monolaurate, triethanolamine oleate, and the like.
  • auxiliary substances such as pH adjusting and buffering agents, tonicity adjusting agents, wetting agents and the like, for example, sodium acetate, sodium lactate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sorbitan monolaurate, triethanolamine oleate, and the like.
  • intranasal administration is to administer the active ingredient in powder form; by itself or admixed to an inert carrier such as calcium carbonate or lactose.
  • an inert carrier such as calcium carbonate or lactose.
  • Methods for preparing spray dried powder with a hydrophilic excipient, e.g. povidone, lactose, and delivering it using dry powder nasal inhalers, have been described by Gordon et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 6,365,190) and are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the advantage of a powder method for delivery is that it may have a more prolonged action when administered in dry powder versus in soluble forms, as the nose has robust clearance mechanisms.
  • the powder may be prepared in micronized form, by re- crystallization, by granulation, by drying, or by milling to a specified particle size and thus to have a high surface area for interaction with cold receptors.
  • Methods for preparing powders are well- known to the art and have been reviewed by R. E. O'Connor and J. B. Schwartz (Powders, Chapt. 37, pg. 681-699) in the standard text: "Remington, the science and practice of pharmacy," Alfonso R. Gennaro, Chairman of the editorial board and editor. 20th ed. Baltimore, Md. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000. To quote from this Chapter (pg. 688):
  • the formulation may be in unit dosage form, which is a physically discrete unit containing a unit dose, suitable for administration in human or other mammals.
  • a unit dosage form can be a capsule or tablets, or a number of capsules or tablets.
  • a "unit dose" is a predetermined quantity of the active compound of the present invention, calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with one or more excipients.
  • the quantity of active ingredient in a unit dose may be varied or adjusted from about 0.1 to about 1000 milligrams or more according to the particular treatment involved.
  • Typical oral dosages of the present invention when used for the indicated effects, will range from about O.Olmg /kg/day to about 100 mg/kg/day, preferably from 0.1 mg/kg/day to 30 mg/kg/day, and most preferably from about 0.5 mg kg/day to about 10 mg/kg/day.
  • parenteral administration it has generally proven advantageous to administer quantities of about 0.001 to lOOmg /kg/day, preferably from 0.01 mg/kg/day to 1 mg/kg/day.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dose may be administered in divided doses, two, three, or more times per day. Where delivery is via transdermal forms, of course, administration is continuous.
  • H NMR spectra were recorded using either Bruker DRX-300 (300 MHz for ] H) spectrometer or Brucker 500 UltraShieledTM (500 MHz for 1H) . Chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (ppm) with tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard at zero ppm. Coupling constant (J) are given in hertz and the abbreviations s, d, t, q, m, and br refer to singlet, doblet, triplet, quartet, multiple!, and broad, respectively. The mass determinations were carried out by MAT95 (Finnigan MAT).
  • Human vanilloid receptor (hVRl) cDNA was cloned from libraries of axotomized dorsal root ganglia (WO 00/29577). The cloned hVRl cDNA was constructed with pcDNA3 vector and transfected into a CH01uc9aeq cell line. The cell line contains aequorin and CRE-luciferase reporter genes as read-out signals.
  • the transfectants were cloned by limiting dilution in selection medium (DMEM/F12 medium (Gibco BRL) supplemented with 10% FCS, 1.4 mM Sodium pyruvate, 20 mM HEPES, 0.15% Sodium bicarbonate, lOO U/ml penicillin, 100 ⁇ g/ml streptomycin, 2 mM glutamine, non-essential amino acids and 2 mg/ml G418). Ca 2+ influx was examined in the capsaicin-stimulated clones. A high responder clone was selected and used for further experiments in the project.
  • the human VRl-CH01uc9aeq cells were maintained in the selection medium and passaged every 3-4 days at 1-2.5x10 5 cells/flask (75 mm 2 ).
  • DRG dorsal root ganglia
  • DRG was incubated with 0.1% trypsin (Gibco BRL) in PBS(-) (Gibco BRL) for 30 min at 37°C, then a half volume of fetal calf serum (FCS) was added and the cells were spun down.
  • FCS fetal calf serum
  • the DRG neuron cells were resuspended in Ham F12/5% FCS/5% horse serum (Gibco BRL) and dispersed by repeated pipetting and passing through 70 ⁇ m mesh (Falcon). The culture plate was incubated for 3 hours at 37°C to remove contaminating Schwann cells.
  • Non-adherent cells were recovered and further cultured in laminin-coated 384 well plates (Nunc) at lxlO 4 cells/50 ⁇ l/well for 2 days in the presence of 50 ng/ml recombinant rat NGF (Sigma) and 50 ⁇ M 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (Sigma).
  • Bladder strips were equilibrated for 60 min before each stimulation. Contractile response to 80 mM KC1 was determined at 15 min intervals until reproducible responses were obtained. The response to KC1 was used as an internal standard to evaluate the maximal response to capsaicin. The effects of the compounds were investigated by incubating the strips with compounds for 30 min prior to the stimulation with 1 ⁇ M capsaicin (vehicle: 80% saline, 10% EtOH, and 10% Tween 80). One of the preparations made from the same animal was served as a control while the others were used for evaluating compounds. Ratio of each capsaicin- induced contraction to the internal standard (i.e. KCl-induced contraction) was calculated and the effects of the test compounds on the capsaicin-induced contraction were evaluated.
  • Human P2Xl-transfected CH01uc9aeq cell line was established and maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM/F12) supplemented with 7.5% FCS, 20 mM HEPES-KOH (pH 7.4), 1.4 mM sodium pyruvate, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 ⁇ g/ml streptomycin, 2 M glutamine (Gibco BRL) and 0.5 Units/ml apyrase (grade I, Sigma).
  • the suspended cells were seeded in each well of 384-well optical bottom black plates (Nalge Nunc International) at 3 x 10 3 / 50 ⁇ l / well. The cells were cultured for following 48 hrs to adhere to the plates.
  • P2X1 receptor agonist-mediated increases in cytosolic Ca 2+ levels were measured using a fluorescent Ca 2+ chelating dye, Fluo-3 AM (Molecular Probes).
  • the plate-attached cells were washed twice with washing buffer (HBSS, 17 mM HEPES-KOH (pH 7.4), 0.1% BSA and 0.5 units/ml apyrase), and incubated in 40 ⁇ l of loading buffer (1 ⁇ M Fluo-3 AM, 1 mM probenecid, 1 ⁇ M cyclosporin A, 0.01%) pluronic (Molecular Probes)in washing buffer) for 1 hour in a dark place.
  • mice Female Sprague-Dawley rats (200 ⁇ 250 g / Charles River Japan) were used.
  • Rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal administration of urethane (Sigma) at 1.2 g/kg. The abdomen was opened through a midline incision, and a polyethylene catheter (BECTON DICKINSON, PE50) was implanted into the bladder through the dome. In parallel, the inguinal region was incised, and a polyethylene catheter (Hibiki, size 5) filled with 2 IU / ml of heparin (Novo Heparin, Aventis Pharma) in saline (Otsuka) was inserted into a common iliac artery.
  • urethane Sigma
  • the bladder catheter was connected via T-tube to a pressure transducer (Viggo- Spectramed Pte Ltd, DT-XXAD) and a microinjection pump (TERUMO). Saline was infused at room temperature into the bladder at a rate of 2.4 ml/hr. Intravesical pressure was recorded continuously on a chart pen recorder (Yokogawa). At least three reproducible micturition cycles, corresponding to a 20-minute period, were recorded before a test compound administration and used as baseline values.
  • capsaicin-induced intravesical pressure were analyzed from the cystometry data.
  • the capsaicin-induced bladder pressures were compared with the maximum bladder pressure during micturition without the capsaicin stimulation.
  • the testing compounds-mediated inhibition of the increased bladder pressures was evaluated using Student's t-test. A probability level less than 5% was accepted as significant difference.
  • Rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal administration of urethane (Sigma) at 1.25 g/kg. The abdomen was opened through a midline incision, and a polyethylene catheter (BECTON DICKINSON, PE50) was implanted into the bladder through the dome. In parallel, the inguinal region was incised, and a polyethylene catheter (BECTON DICKINSON, PE50) filled with saline (Otsuka) was inserted into a femoral vein. After the bladder was emptied, the rats were left for 1 hour for recovery from the operation.
  • urethane Sigma
  • the bladder catheter was connected via T-tube to a pressure transducer (Viggo- Spectramed Pte Ltd, DT-XXAD) and a microinjection pump (TERUMO). Saline was infused at room temperature into the bladder at a rate of 3.6 ml/hr for 20 min. Intravesical pressure was recorded continuously on a chart pen recorder (Yokogawa). At least three reproducible micturition cycles, corresponding to a 20-minute period, were recorded before a test compound administration.
  • a testing compound dissolved in the mixture of ethanol, Tween 80 (ICN Biomedicals Inc.) and saline (1 : 1 : 8, v/v/v) was administered intravenously at 0.05 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg. 3 min after the administration of the compound, saline (Nacalai Tesque) was infused at room temperature into the bladder at a rate of 3.6 ml/hr.
  • the cystometry parameters were analyzed as described previously [ Lecci A et al: Eur. J. Pharmacol. 259: 129-135, 1994].
  • the micturition frequency calculated from micturition interval and the bladder capacity calculated from a volume of infused saline until the first micturition were analyzed from the cystometry data.
  • the testing compounds-mediated inhibition of the frequency and the testing compounds-mediated increase of bladder capacity were evaluated using unpaired Student's t-test. A probability levels less than 5% was accepted as significant difference. Data were analyzed as the mean + SEM from 4 - 7 rats.
  • Acute pain is measured on a hot plate mainly in rats.
  • Two variants of hot plate testing are used: In the classical variant animals are put on a hot surface (52 to 56°C) and the latency time is measured until the animals show nociceptive behavior, such as stepping or foot licking.
  • the other variant is an increasing temperature hot plate where the experimental animals are put on a surface of neutral temperature. Subsequently this surface is slowly but constantly heated until the animals begin to lick a hind paw. The temperature which is reached when hind paw licking begins is a measure for pain threshold.
  • Compounds are tested against a vehicle treated control group. Substance application is performed at different time points via different application routes (i.v., i.p., p.o., i.t., i.c.v., s.c, intradermal, transdermal) prior to pain testing.
  • Persistent pain is measured with the formalin or capsaicin test, mainly in rats.
  • a solution of 1 to 5% formalin or 10 to 100 ⁇ g capsaicin is injected into one hind paw of the experimental animal.
  • the animals show nociceptive reactions like flinching, licking and biting of the affected paw.
  • the number of nociceptive reactions within a time frame of up to 90 minutes is a measure for intensity of pain.
  • Neuropathic pain is induced by different variants of unilateral sciatic nerve injury mainly in rats.
  • the operation is performed under anesthesia.
  • the first variant of sciatic nerve injury is produced by placing loosely constrictive ligatures around the common sciatic nerve (Bennett and Xie, Pain 33 (1988): 87-107).
  • the second variant is the tight ligation of about the half of the diameter of the common sciatic nerve (Seltzer et al, Pain 43 (1990): 205-218).
  • a group of models is used in which tight ligations or transections are made of either the L5 and L6 spinal nerves, or the L5 spinal nerve only (KIM SH; CHUNG JM, AN EXPERIMENTAL-MODEL FOR PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY PRODUCED BY SEGMENTAL SPINAL NERVE LIGATION IN THE RA, PAIN 50 (3) (1992): 355-363).
  • the fourth variant involves an axotomy of two of the three terminal branches of the sciatic nerve (tibial and common peroneal nerves) leaving the remaining sural nerve intact whereas the last variant comprises the axotomy of only the tibial branch leaving the sural and common nerves uninjured. Control animals are treated with a sham operation.
  • the nerve injured animals develop a chronic mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, as well as a thermal hyperalgesia.
  • Mechanical allodynia is measured by means of a pressure transducer (electronic von Frey Anesthesiometer, IITC Inc.-Life Science Instruments, Woodland Hills, SA, USA; Electronic von Frey System, Somedic Sales AB, H ⁇ rby, Sweden).
  • Thermal hyperalgesia is measured by means of a radiant heat source (Plantar Test, Ugo Basile, Comerio, Italy), or by means of a cold plate of 5 to 10 °C where the nocifensive reactions of the affected hind paw are counted as a measure of pain intensity.
  • a further test for cold induced pain is the counting of nocifensive reactions, or duration of nocifensive responses after plantar administration of acetone to the affected hind limb.
  • Chronic pain in general is assessed by registering the circadanian rhytms in activity (Surjo and Arndt, Universitat zu K ⁇ ln, Cologne, Germany), and by scoring differences in gait (foot print patterns; FOOTPRINTS program, Klapdor et al., 1997. A low cost method to analyse footprint patterns. J. Neurosci. Methods 75, 49-54).
  • Inflammatory pain is induced mainly in rats by injection of 0.75 mg carrageenan or complete Freund's adjuvant into one hind paw.
  • the animals develop an edema with mechanical allodynia as well as thermal hyperalgesia.
  • Mechanical allodynia is measured by means of a pressure transducer (electronic von Frey Anesthesiometer, IITC Inc-Life Science Instruments, Woodland Hills, SA, USA).
  • Thermal hyperalgesia is measured by means of a radiant heat source (Plantar Test, Ugo Basile, Comerio, Italy, Paw thermal stimulator, G. Ozaki, University of California, USA).
  • Plant Test Ugo Basile, Comerio, Italy
  • Paw thermal stimulator G. Ozaki, University of California, USA
  • Compounds are tested against uninflamed as well as vehicle treated control groups. Substance application is performed at different time points via different application routes (i.v., i.p., p.o., i.t., i.c.v., s.c, intradermal, transdermal) prior to pain testing.
  • application routes i.v., i.p., p.o., i.t., i.c.v., s.c, intradermal, transdermal
  • Mechanical allodynia is measured by means of a pressure transducer (electronic von Frey Anesthesiometer, IITC Inc-Life Science Instruments, Woodland Hills, SA, USA).
  • Compounds are tested against diabetic and non-diabetic vehicle treated control groups. Substance application is performed at different time points via different application routes (i.v., i.p., p.o., i.t., i.c.v., s.c, intradermal, transdermal) prior to pain testing.
  • application routes i.v., i.p., p.o., i.t., i.c.v., s.c, intradermal, transdermal
  • the compounds of the present invention also show excellent selectivity, and strong activity in other assays 2-5 and assays for pain described above. Preparing method of compounds

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Abstract

This invention relates to urea derivatives according to general formula I and salts thereof which are useful as active ingredients of pharmaceutical preparations. The urea derivatives of the present invention have an excellent activity as VR1 antagonists and are useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with VR1 activity, in particular for the treatment of urological disorder or disease, such as detrusor overactivity (overactive bladder), urinary incontinence, neurogenic detrusor oeractivity (detrusor hyperflexia), idiopathic detrusor overactivity (detrusor instability), benign prostatic hyperplasia, and lower urinary tract symptoms; chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration, stroke; and respiratory diseases and inflammatory disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary (or airways) disease (COPD), common cold, cough, sneeze, bronchitis including acute and chronic bronchitis, bronchiolitis, rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, mucositis, sinusitis, allergy, disorders associated with exogenous irritants such as tobacco smoke, smog, high levels of atmospheric SO2 and noxious gases in the workplace, and airways hyperreactivity, milk product intolerance, Loffler's pneumonia, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, collagen vascular disease, granulomatous disease, laryngitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, pleuritis, persistent asthma and chronic asthmatic bronchitis. Formula I Wherein n represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; X represents O, CH2, S, or N(R10), Wherein R10 respresents hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl

Description

U EA DERIVATIVES AS ANTAGONISTS OF THE VANILLOID RECEPTOR (VR1)
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a urea derivative which is useful as an active ingredient of pharmaceutical preparations. The urea derivative of the present invention has vanilloid receptor (VR1) antagonistic activity, and can be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with VR1 activity, in particular for the treatment of urological diseases or disorders, such as detrusor overactivity (overactive bladder), urinary incontinence, neurogenic detrusor overactivity (detrusor hyperflexia), idiopathic detrusor overactivity (detrusor instability), benign prostatic hyperplasia, and lower urinary tract symptoms; chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration, stroke; and respiratory diseases and inflammatory disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary (or airways) disease (COPD), common cold, cough, sneeze, bronchitis including acute and chronic bronchitis, bronchiolitis, rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, mucositis, sinusitis, allergy, disorders associated with exogenous irritants such as tobacco smoke, smog, high levels of atmospheric S02 and noxious gases in the workplace, and airways hyperreactivity, milk product intolerance, Loffler's pneumonia, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, collagen vascular disease, granulomatous disease, laryngitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, pleuritis, persistent asthma and chronic asthmatic bronchitis.
BACKGROUND ART
Vanilloid compounds are characterized by the presence of vanillyl group or a functionally equivalent group. Examples of several vanilloid compounds or vanilloid receptor modulators are vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde), guaiacol (2-methoxy-phenol), zingerone (4-/4-hy- droxy-3-methoxyphenyl/-2-butanon), eugenol(2-methoxy4-/2-propenyl/phenoι), and capsaicin (8-methy-N-vanillyl-6-noneneamide).
Among others, capsaicin, the main pungent ingredient in "hot" chili peppers, is a specific neurotoxin that desensitizes C-fiber afferent neurons. Capsaicin interacts with vanilloid receptors (VR1), which are predominantly expressed in cell bodies of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) or nerve endings of afferent sensory fibers including C-fiber nerve endings [Tominaga M, Caterina MJ, Malmberg AB, Rosen TA, Gilbert H, Skinner K, Raumann BE, Basbaum AI, Julius D: The cloned capsaicin receptor integrates multiple pain-producing stimuli. Neuron. 21: 531-543, 1998]. The VR1 receptor was recently cloned [Caterina MJ, Schumacher MA, Tominaga M, Rosen TA, Levine JD, Julius D: Nature 389: 816-824, (1997)] and identified as a nonselective cation channel with six transmembrane domains that is structurally related to the TRP (transient receptor potential) channel family. Binding of capsaicin to VR1 allows sodium, calcium and possibly potassium ions to flow down their concentration gradients, causing initial depolarization and release of neurotransmitters from the nerve terminals. VR1 can therefore be viewed as a molecular integrator of chemical and physical stimuli that elicit neuronal signals in pathological conditions or diseases.
There is abundant direct or indirect evidence that shows the relation between VR1 activity and diseases such as pain, ischaemia, and inflammatory disorders (e.g., WO 99/00115 and 00/50387).
Further, it has been demonstrated that VR1 transduces reflex signals that are involved in the overactive bladder of patients who have damaged or abnormal spinal reflex pathways [De Groat
WC: A neurologic basis for the overactive bladder. Urology 50 (6A Suppl): 36-52, 1997].
Desensitisation of the afferent nerves by depleting neurotransmitters using VR1 agonists such as capsaicin has been shown to give promising results in the treatment of bladder dysfunction associated with spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis [(Maggi CA: Therapeutic potential of capsaicin-like molecules - Studies in animals and humans. Life Sciences 51 : 1777-1781, 1992) and
(DeRidder D; Chandiramani V; Dasgupta P; VanPoppel H; Baert L; Fowler CJ: Intravesical capsaicin as a treatment for refractory detrusor hyperreflexia: A dual center study with long-term followup. J. Urol. 158: 2087-2092, 1997)].
It is anticipated that antagonism of the VR1 receptor would lead to the blockage of neurotransmitter release, resulting in prophylaxis and treatment of the conditions and diseases associated with VR1 activity.
It is therefore expected that antagonists of the VR1 receptor can be used for prophylaxis and treatment of the conditions and diseases including chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration, stroke, inflammatory disorders, urinary incontinence (UI) such as urge urinary incontinence (UUI), and/or overactive bladder.
UI is the involuntary loss of urine. UUI is one of the most common types of UI together with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) which is usually caused by a defect in the urethral closure mechanism. UUI is often associated with neurological disorders or diseases causing neuronal damages such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke and diabetes, although it also occurs in individuals with no such disorders. One of the usual causes of UUI is overactive bladder (OAB) which is a medical condition referring to the symptoms of frequency and urgency derived from abnormal contractions and instability of the detrusor muscle.
There are several medications for urinary incontinence on the market today mainly to help treating UUI. Therapy for OAB is focused on drugs that affect peripheral neural control mechanisms or those that act directly on bladder detrusor smooth muscle contraction, with a major emphasis on development of anticholinergic agents. These agents can inhibit the parasympathetic nerves which control bladder voiding or can exert a direct spasmolytic effect on the detrusor muscle of the bladder. This results in a decrease in intravesicular pressure, an increase in capacity and a reduction in the frequency of bladder contraction. Orally active anticholinergic drugs which are commonly prescribed have serious drawbacks such as unacceptable side effects such as dry mouth, abnormal visions, constipation, and central nervous system disturbances. These side effects lead to poor compliance. Dry mouth symptoms alone are responsible for a 70% non-compliance rate with oxybutynin. The inadequacies of present therapies highlight the need for novel, efficacious, safe, orally available drugs that have fewer side effects.
WO03/014064 discloses the compounds represented by the general formula:
Figure imgf000004_0001
wherein
X represents C3.8 cycloalkyl optionally fused by benzene, optionally substituted naphthyl, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted phenyl Cι-6 straight alkyl, phenyl fused by cycloalykyl, etc;
Qaa represents CH or N;
Raa represents hydrogen or methyl;
Rbb represents hydrogen or methyl; and
Y represents substituted naphthyl,
as a vanilloid receptor antagonist.
WO03/022809 discloses the compounds having vanilloid receptor antagonist activity represented by the general formula:
Figure imgf000005_0001
wherein
P and P' independently represent aryl or heteroaryl; Ral and Ra2 independently represent hydrogen, alkoxy, hydroxy, etc; n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; p and q are independently 0,1, 2, 3 or 4; r is 1, 2 or 3; and s is 0, 1 or 2.
WO03/053945 discloses the compounds having vanilloid receptor antagonist activity represented by the general formula:
Figure imgf000005_0002
wherein
Pa represents phenyl, naphthyl or heterocyclyl; n is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; p is independently 0,1, 2, 3 or 4; R1 bl represents hydrogen, alkoxy, hydroxy, etc; and
R! a2 represents
Figure imgf000005_0003
wherein X is a bond, C, O, or NR ; and r, q, R b3 , r R»b4 a, re defined in the application.
WO03/070247 discloses the compounds having vanilloid receptor antagonist activity represented by the general formula:
Figure imgf000006_0001
wherein
Xci represents N or CRcl; Xc2 represents N or CRc2; Xc3 represents N, NRc3 or CRc3; Xc4 represents a bond, N or CR04; Xc5 represents N or C; provided that at least one of Xci, Xc2, Xc3 and Xc4 is N; Zcj represents O, NH or S; Zc2 represents a bond, NH or S; L° represents alkylene, cycloalkylene, etc; Rcl, R°2, R°3, Rc4, Rc5, Rc6, Rc7, Rc8a Rc8b are defined in the application; and R°9 represents hydrogen, aryl, cycloalkyl, and heterocylcle.
WO03/080578 discloses the compounds having vanilloid receptor antagonist activity represented by the general formula:
Figure imgf000006_0002
wherein
Ad, Bd, Dd and Ed are each C or N with the proviso that one or more are N; X is an O, S or =NCN; Yd is an aryl, heteroaryl, carbocyclyl or fused-carbocyclyl; n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; and Rdl, Rd2, Rd3, Rd4,
R and R >d6 are defined in the application.
The development of a compound which has effective VRl antagonistic activity and can be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with VRl activity, in particular for the treatment of urinary incontinence, urge urinary incontinence, overactive bladder as well as pain, and/or inflammatory diseases such as asthma and COPD has been desired.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention is to provide a urea derivatives of the formula (I), their tautomeric and stereoisomeric form, and salts thereof:
Figure imgf000007_0001
wherein
n represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
R1 represents 3-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring optionally having one to three hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S wherein said ring is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N-(C].6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N- (C3.g cycloalkyl)amino, C].6alkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, Cι-6 alkanoyl, N- (Cι-6alkanoyl)amino, carbamόyl, Cι.6 alkylcarbamoyl, C3.gcycloalkyl, hete- rocycle, Cι-6 alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Cι-6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], C2.6 alkenyl [wherein said alkenyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, -β alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], Ci-β alkoxy [wherein said alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], Cι-6 alkylthio [wherein said alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], phenyl, benzyl and phenoxy [wherein said phenyl, phenyl moiety of said benzyl or phenyl moiety of said phenoxy are optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(Cι-6alkyl)amino, mercapto, Cι-6 alkylthio, Cι-6 alkylsulfinyl, Cι-6 alkylsulfonyl, N,N-di(C].6 alkyl)amino, N-(C3.8 cycloalkyl)amino,
Figure imgf000007_0002
alkoxycarbonyl or C].δ alkyl];
R2 represent hydrogen, Ci-βalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, Cι-6alkylsulfonyl, Ci-βalkyloxycarbonyl, Cι-6alkylcarbonyl, or C3-8cycloalkyl wherein said alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl are optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, nitro, cyano, Cι.6alkylcarbonyl, Cι.6alkoxycarbonyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, amino, N-(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N,N- di(C].6alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N-(Cι-6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or N,N,-di(Cι.6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or said cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, cyano, nitro, (Cι-6alkoxy)carbonyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, amino, N-(C].6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C].6alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryι)amino, carbamoyl, N- (Cι-6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, N,N-di(Cι.6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, Cj-βalkyl optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, or
Figure imgf000008_0001
optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen; or
R1 and R2 together with the adjacent N form 5-12 membered saturated or unsautrated cyclic ring optionally having one N or O atom other than the adjacent N and said ring is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N-(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N,N- di(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N-(C3.g cycloalkyl)amino, Ci-βalkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, Cι-6 alkanoyl, N-(C].6alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl, C].6 alkylcarbamoyl, C3.8cyclo- alkyl, heterocycle, Cι-6 alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Cι.6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], C2-β alkenyl [wherein said alkenyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Ci-β alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], Cι-6 alkoxy [wherein said alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], d-β alkylthio [wherein said alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], phenyl, benzyl and phenoxy [wherein said phenyl, phenyl moiety of said benzyl or phenyl moiety of said phenoxy are optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(Ci.6alkyl)amino, mercapto, Cι.β alkylthio, Q-6 alkylsulfmyl, Cι_6 alkylsulfonyl, N,N-di(Cι.6 alkyl)amino, N-(C3.8 cycloal- kyl)amino, Cι.6 alkoxycarbonyl, Cι.6 alkoxycarbonyl or C].6 alkyl]
R3 represents hydrogen, Chalky 1, C2-6alkenyl, or C2.6alkynyl;
R4 each independently represents halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N- ( -ealkyrjamino, N,N-di(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N-(C3.8 cycloalkyl)amino, Cι.6alkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, Ci-β alkanoyl, N-(Cι.6alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl, Ci-β alkylcarbamoyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, Cj.6 alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Cι.β alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], C2-6 alkenyl [wherein said alkenyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Cι-6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], Cι-6 alkoxy [wherein said alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], or Cι-6 alkylthio [wherein said alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen]; and
X represents O, CH2, S, or N(R10), wherein R10 represents hydrogen or
Figure imgf000009_0001
alkyl.
In another embodiment, the urea derivatives of formula (I) can be those wherein; n represents 0, 1, 2, or 3;
R1 represents phenyl, pyridine, or pyrimidine wherein said phenyl, pyridine, or pyrimidine is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N-(C].6alkyl)amino, N,N- di(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N-(C3.g cycloalkyl)amino, Cι-6alkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, Cι.6 alkanoyl, N-(Cι-6alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl, Cι-6 alkylcarbamoyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, heterocycle, Cι-6 alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Cι-6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], C2-6 alkenyl [wherein said alkenyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Cι_6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], -β alkoxy [wherein said alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], Ci-β alkylthio [wherein said alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], phenyl, benzyl and phenoxy [wherein said phenyl, phenyl moiety of said benzyl or phenyl moiety of said phenoxy are optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(Cι-6alkyl)amino, mercapto, Cι-6 alkylthio, C].6 alkylsulfinyl, Cι-6 alkylsulfonyl, N,N-di(Cι-6 alkyl)amino, N-(C3-8 cycloalkyl)amino, Cj.6 alkoxycarbonyl, Cι.6 alkoxycarbonyl or -β alkyl]; and R2 represent hydrogen, Ci-βalkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, Ci-βalkylsulfonyl, or C3- gcycloalkyl wherein said alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl are optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, nitro, cyano, Ci.δalkylcarbonyl,
Figure imgf000010_0001
Ci-βalkoxycarbonyl, C3.gcycloalkyl, amino, N-(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N,N- di(C].6alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N- (C].6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or N,N,-di(Cι.6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or said cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, cyano, nitro, (Cι-6alkoxy)carbonyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, amino, N-(C].6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C]-6alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N- (C].6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, N,N-di(Ci.6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, Cι-6alkyl optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, or
Figure imgf000010_0002
optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen; or
R1 and R2 together with the adjacent N form 5-12 membered saturated or unsautrated cyclic ring optionally having one N or O atom other than the adjacent N and said ring is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N-(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N,N- di(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N-(C3.g cycloalkyl)amino, Ci-βalkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, Cι-6 alkanoyl, N-(Cι-6alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl, Ci-β alkylcarbamoyl, C3.8cyc- loalkyl, heterocycle, Cι-6 alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Cj-β alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], -β alkoxy [wherein said alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], .6 alkylthio [wherein said alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], phenyl, benzyl and phenoxy [wherein said phenyl, phenyl moiety of said benzyl or phenyl moiety of said phenoxy are optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(Cι.6alkyl)amino, mercapto, Cι.6 alkylthio, C].6 alkylsulfinyl, Cι-6 alkylsulfonyl, N,N-di(Cι.6 alkyl)amino, N-(C3.8 cyclo- alkyl)amino, .6 alkoxycarbonyl, Cj.6 alkoxycarbonyl or Cι-6 alkyl]
R3 represents hydrogen; R4 each independently represents halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N- (Cι-6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N-(C3.8 cycloalkyl)amino, Cμβalkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, Cι-„ alkanoyl, N-(Cι-6alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl,
Figure imgf000011_0001
alkylcarbamoyl, C .8cycloalkyl, Cι.β alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, -6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], C2.β alkenyl [wherein said alkenyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C].6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], C].6 alkoxy [wherein said alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], or Ci-β alkylthio [wherein said alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen]; and X represents 0, CH2, S, or N(R10), wherein R10 represents hydrogen or
Figure imgf000011_0002
alkyl.
In another embodiment, the urea derivative of formula (I) are those wherein; n represents 0, 1, 2, or 3; R1 represents 3-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring optionally having one to three hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S wherein said ring is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N-(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N-(C3-8 cycloalkyl)amino, Ci-βalkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide,
Figure imgf000011_0003
alkanoyl, N-(Cι.6alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl, Cj-β alkylcarbamoyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, heterocycle, Cι-6 alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Cι-6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], Cι-6 alkoxy [wherein said alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], Cι-6 alkylthio [wherein said alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], phenyl, benzyl and phenoxy , [wherein said phenyl, phenyl moiety of said benzyl or phenyl moiety of said phenoxy are optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(Cι-6alkyl)amino, mercapto, C].6 alkylthio, Cι.6 alkyl- sulfinyl, Cι-6 alkylsulfonyl, N,N-di(Cι-6 alkyl)amino, N-(C3.8 cyclo- alkyl)amino, Q-β alkoxycarbonyl, Cι-6 alkoxycarbonyl or -β alkyl]; and
R2 represent hydrogen or Cι.6alkyl, wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, nitro, cyano, Cι.6alkylcarbonyl, Ci-βalkoxy, Ci-βalkoxycarbonyl, C3.gcycloalkyl, amino, N-(C].6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N- (aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N-(Cι.6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or N,N,-di(Cι.6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, R3 represents hydrogen;
R4 each independently represents halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N- (Cι.6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N-(C3.8 cycloalkyl)amino, Cι-6alkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, Ci-β alkanoyl, N-(Cι.6alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl, Cι-6 alkylcarbamoyl, C3.g cycloalkyl,
Figure imgf000012_0001
alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino,
Figure imgf000012_0002
alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], C2.6 alkenyl [wherein said alkenyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Cι-6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], d.6 alkoxy [wherein said alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], or C e alkylthio [wherein said alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen]; and X represents O, CH2, S, or N(R10), wherein R10 represents hydrogen or
Figure imgf000012_0003
alkyl.
Yet in another embodiment, the urea derivative of formula (I) are those wherein; n represents 1 or 2; R1 represents phenyl, pyridine, or pyrimidine wherein said phenyl, pyridine, or pyrimidine is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N-(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N,N- di(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N-(C3.8 cycloalkyl)amino, Cι.ςalkoxycarbonyl, sulfon- amide, Cι-6 alkanoyl, N-(Cι.6alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl, Ci-β alkylcarbamoyl, C3-gcycloalkyl, heterocycle, Cι-6 alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Cι-6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], Cι-6 alkoxy [wherein said alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], Ci-β alkylthio [wherein said alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], phenyl, benzyl and phenoxy , [wherein said phenyl, phenyl moiety of said benzyl or phenyl moiety of said phenoxy are optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(Cι-6alkyl)amino, mercapto, Q-β alkylthio, Ci-β alkylsulfinyl, Ci-β alkylsulfonyl, N,N-di(Cι.6 alkyl)amino, N-(C3.g cycloalkyl)amino, C\.6 alkoxycarbonyl,
Figure imgf000013_0001
alkoxycarbonyl or
Figure imgf000013_0002
alkyl]; and
R2 represent hydrogen, Cι-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, Cι.6alkylsulfonyl, or C3-g cycloalkyl wherein said alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl are optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, nitro, cyano, Cι-6alkylcarbonyl,
Figure imgf000013_0003
Ci-βalkoxycarbonyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, amino, N-(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N,N- di(Cj.6alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N- (C].6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or N,N,-di(Cι-6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or said cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, cyano, nitro, (Cι-6alkoxy)carbonyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, amino, N-(C].6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Ci.6alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryι)amino, carbamoyl, N-(Cι-6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, N,N-di(Cι-6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, Ci-βalkyl optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, or
Figure imgf000013_0004
optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen;
R3 represents hydrogen;
R4 each independently represents halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N-
(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N-(C3-8 cycloalkyl)amino, Ci-βalkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, Ci-β alkanoyl, N-(Cι-6alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl, .6 alkylcarbamoyl, C3.gcycloalkyl, -β alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Cι.6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], C2-6 alkenyl [wherein said alkenyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Cι-6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], Cι-6 alkoxy [wherein said alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], or C e alkylthio [wherein said alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen]; and
X represents O or CH2.
More preferably, said urea derivative of the formula (I) is :
N-{2-[ethyl(3-methylphenyl)amino]ethyl}-N'-(3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-l,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)urea; or N-{2-[ethyl(3-methylphenyl)amino]ethyl}-N'-(2-oxo-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-yl)urea.
The urea derivatives of formula (I), their tautomeric and stereoisomeric form, and salts thereof surprisingly show excellent VRl antagonistic activity. They are, therefore suitable especially for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with VRl activity, in particular for the treatment of urological diseases or disorders, such as detrusor overactivity (overactive bladder), urinary incontinence, neurogenic detrusor oeractivity (detrusor hyperflexia), idiopathic detrusor overactivity (detrusor instability), benign prostatic hyperplasia, and lower urinary tract symptoms.
The compounds of the present invention are also effective for treating or preventing a disease selected from the group consisting of chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neuro- degeneration and/or stroke, as well as inflammatory diseases such as asthma and COPD since the diseases also relate to VRl activity.
The compounds of the present invention are also effective for treating or preventing respiratory diseases and inflammatory disorders such as common cold, cough, sneeze, bronchitis including acute and chronic bronchitis, bronchiolitis, rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, mucositis, sinusitis, allergy, disorders associated with exogenous irritants such as tobacco smoke, smog, high levels of atmospheric S02 and noxious gases in the workplace, and airways hyperreactivity, milk product intolerance, Loffler's pneumonia, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, collagen vascular disease, granulomatous disease, laryngitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, pleuritis, persistent asthma and chronic asthmatic bronchitis since the diseases also relate to VRl activity.
The compounds of the present invention are also useful for the treatment and prophylaxis of neuropathic pain, which is a form of pain often associated with herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia, painful diabetic neuropathy, neuropathic low back pain, posttraumatic and postoperative neuralgia, neuralgia due to nerve compression and other neuralgias, phantom pain, complex regional pain syndromes, infectious or parainfectious neuropathies like those associated with HTV infection, pain associated with central nervous system disorders like multiple sclerosis or Parkinson disease or spinal cord injury or traumatic brain injury, and post-stroke pain.
Furthermore, the compounds of the present invention are useful for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain, forms of pain often associated with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis or other forms of arthritis, and back pain.
In addition, the compounds of the present invention are useful for the treatment of pain associated with cancer, including visceral or neuropathic pain associated with cancer or cancer treatment.
The compounds of the present invention are furthermore useful for the treatment of visceral pain, e.g. pain associated with obstruction of hollow viscus like gallstone colik, pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome, pelvic pain, vulvodynia, orchialgia or prostatodynia, pain associated with inflammatory lesions of joints, skin, muscles or nerves, and orofascial pain and headache, e.g. migraine or tension-type headache.
Further, the present invention provides a medicament, which includes one of the compounds, described above and optionally pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
Alkyl per se and "alk" and "alkyl" in alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkanoyl, alkylamino, alkylamino- carbonyl, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino and alkanoylamino represent a linear or branched alkyl radical having generally 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and particularly preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, representing illustratively and preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl and n-hexyl.
Alkoxy illustratively and preferably represents methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, tert- butoxy, n-pentoxy and n-hexoxy.
Alkylamino illustratively and preferably represents an alkylamino radical having one or two (independently selected) alkyl substituents, illustratively and preferably representing methylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, isopropylamino, tert-butylamino, n-pentylamino, n-hexyl-amino, N,N- dimethylamino, N,N-diethylamino, N-ethyl-N-methylamino, N-methyl-N-n-propylamino, N-isopropyl-N-n-propylamino, N-t-butyl-N-methylamino, N-ethyl-N-n-pentylamino and N-n- hexyl-N-methylamino. Aryl per se and in arylamino and in arylcarbonyl represents a mono- to tricyclic aromatic carbocyclic radical having generally 6 to 14 carbon atoms, illustratively and preferably representing phenyl, naphthyl and phenanthrenyl.
Cycloalkyl per se and in cycloalkylamino and in cycloalkylcarbonyl represents a cycloalkyl group having generally 3 to 8 and preferably 5 to 7 carbon atoms, illustratively and preferably representing cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.
Heteroaryl per se and the heteroaryl portion of the heteroaralkyl, heteroaryloxy, heteroaralkyloxy, or heteroarylcarbamoyl represent an aromatic mono- or bicyclic radical having generally 5 to 10 and preferably 5 or 6 ring atoms and up to 5 and preferably up to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of S, O and N, illustratively and preferably representing thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, indolyl, isoindolino, indazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrazolyl, and triazolyl.
Heterocyclyl per se and in heterocyclylcarbonyl represents a mono- or polycyclic, preferably mono- or bicyclic, nonaromatic heterocyclic radical having generally 4 to 10 and preferably 5 to 8 ring atoms and up to 3 and preferably up to 2 hetero atoms and/or hetero groups selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S. The heterocyclyl radicals can be saturated or partially unsaturated. Preference is given to 5- to 8-membered monocyclic saturated heterocyclyl radicals having up to two hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, such as illustratively and preferably 1,3-dioxalanyl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, pyrrolidin-3-yl, pyrrolinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, perhydroazepinyl.
Ring per se represents a mono- or polycyclic, preferably mono- or bicyclic, aromatic or nonaromatic cyclic radical having generally 4 to 10 and preferably 5 to 8 ring atoms and optionally up to 3 and preferably up to 2 hetero atoms and/or hetero groups selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S. The cyclyl radicals can be saturated or partially unsaturated. Preference is given to 5- to 8-membered monocyclic saturated cyclyl radicals optionally having up to two hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S. Ring illustratively and preferably includes aryl such phenyl, naphthyl and phenanthrenyl; cycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl; heteroaryl such as thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, indolyl, isoindolino, indazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrazolyl, and triazolyl; and heterocyclic such as 1,3-dioxalanyl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, pyrrolidin-3-yl, pyrrolinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, and perhydroazepinyl. EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
The compound of the formula (I) of the present invention can be, but not limited to be, prepared by combining various known methods. In some embodiments, one or more of the substituents, such as amino group, carboxyl group, and hydroxyl group of the compounds used as starting materials or intermediates are advantageously protected by a protecting group known to those skilled in the art. Examples of the protecting groups are described in "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (3rd Edition)" by Greene and Wuts, John Wiley and Sons, New York 1999.
The compound of the formula (I) of the present invention can be, but not limited to be, prepared by the Method [A], [B], [C], [D] or [E] below.
[Method A]
Figure imgf000017_0001
The compound of the formula (I) (wherein n, R1, R2 and X are the same as defined above) can be prepared by reacting the compound of the formula (II) (wherein X is the same as defined above) and the compound of the formula (HI) (wherein Li represents a leaving group including halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom) and then adding the compound of the formula (IV) (wherein n, R1 and R2 are the same as defined above) to the reaction mixture.
The reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydro- carbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N, N- dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); urea such as l,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI); sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.
The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20°C to 50°C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours. The reaction can be advantageously carried out in the presence of a base including, for instance, organic amines such as pyridine, triethylamine and N-N-diisopropylethylamine, dimethylaniline, diethylaniline, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and others.
The compound of the formula (III) and (IN) are commercially available or can be prepared by the use of known techniques.
[Method B]
Figure imgf000018_0001
The compound of the formula (I) can be prepared by the reaction of the compound of the formula (II) and the compound of the formula (V) (wherein n, R1 and R2 are the same as defined above).
The reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); urea such as l,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI); sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.
The reaction can be carried out in the presence of organic base such as pyridine or triethylamine.
The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about room temperature to 100°C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.
The compound (V) can be prepared by the use of known techniques or are commercially available. [Method C]
Figure imgf000019_0001
(ID (I)
The compound of the formula (I) can be prepared by reacting the compound of the formula (II) with phosgene, diphosgene, triphosgene, 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), or l,l '-carbonyldi(l,2,4- triazole)(CDT), and then adding the compound of the formula (IV) to the reaction mixture.
The reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); urea such as l,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI); sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.
The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20°C to 50°C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.
Phosgene, diphosgene, triphosgene, CDI, and CDT are commercially available.
[Method D]
Figure imgf000019_0002
The compound of the formula (I) can be prepared by reacting the compound of the formula (IV) with phosgene, diphosgene, triphosgene, 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), or 1,1 '-carbonyldi( 1,2,4- triazole)(CDT) and then adding the compound of the formula (TJ) to the reaction mixture. The reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1 ,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N, N- dimethylfor amide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); urea such as l,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI); sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.
The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20°C to 50°C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.
[Method E]
Figure imgf000020_0001
The compound of the formula (I) can be prepared by reacting the compound of the formula (IV) and the compound of the formula (HI), and then adding the compound of the formula (II) to the reaction mixture.
The reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); urea such as l,3-dimethyI-2-imidazolidinone (DMI); sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.
The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20°C to 50°C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours. The reaction can be advantageously carried out in the presence of a base including, for instance, organic amines such as pyridine, triethylamine and N,N-diisopropylethylamine, dimethylaniline, diethylaniline, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and others.
Preparation of compound of the formula (II)
The compounds of the formula (II) are commercially available or can be prepared by well known methods. For example, the compounds of the formula (II') can be prepared by the following procedures.
Figure imgf000021_0001
In the Step 1 , the compound of the formula (VII) (wherein X' represent O, S, or NR , 10 )\ can be prepared by cyclization of the compound of the formula (VI) (wherein Y represents OH, SH, or NH(R10) ) using the agent including, for instance, chloroacetyl chloride.
The reaction can be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, amides such as N, N- dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and the like. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.
The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 0°C to 80°C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.
In the Step 2, the compound of the formula (IF) can be prepared by the by the reduction of the compound of the formula (V1T) by hydrogenation using a catalyst including, for instance, palladium on carbon and platinum on carbon.
The reaction can be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, amides such as N, N- dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and others. The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20°C to 120°C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.
The compound (VI) is commercially available or can be prepared by the use of known techniques.
The compound (IP) below can be prepared, for example, with the use of wittig reaction and hydrogenation starting from dinitrobenzaldehyde
Figure imgf000022_0001
(VIII) ("")
When the compound shown by the formula (I) or a salt thereof has an asymmetric carbon in the structure, their optically active compounds and racemic mixtures are also included in the scope of the present invention.
Typical salts of the compound shown by the formula (I) include salts prepared by reaction of the compounds of the present invention with a mineral or organic acid, or an organic or inorganic base. Such salts are known as acid addition and base addition salts, respectively.
Acids to form acid addition salts include inorganic acids such as, without limitation, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid and the like, and organic acids, such as, without limitation, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, p- bromophenylsulfonic acid, carbonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, acetic acid, and the like.
Base addition salts include those derived from inorganic bases, such as, without limitation, ammonium hydroxide, alkaline metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, and the like, and organic bases, such as, without limitation, ethanolamine, triethylamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and the like. Examples of inorganic bases include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and the like.
The compound of the present invention or a salt thereof, depending on its substituents, may be modified to form lower alkylesters or known other esters; and/or hydrates or other solvates. Those esters, hydrates, and solvates are included in the scope of the present invention. The compound of the present invention may be administered in oral forms, such as, without limitation, normal and enteric coated tablets, capsules, pills, powders, granules, elixirs, tinctures, solution, suspensions, syrups, solid and liquid aerosols and emulsions. They may also be administered in parenteral forms, such as, without limitation, intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and the like forms, well-known to those of ordinary skill in the pharmaceutical arts. The compounds of the present invention can be administered in intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal routes, using transdermal delivery systems well-known to those of ordinary skilled in the art, or perlingual or buccal or via inhalation.
The dosage regimen with the use of the compounds of the present invention is selected by one of ordinary skill in the arts, in view of a variety of factors, including, without limitation, age, weight, sex, and medical condition of the recipient, the severity of the condition to be treated, the route of administration, the level of metabolic and excretory function of the recipient, the dosage form employed, the particular compound and salt thereof employed.
The compounds of the present invention are preferably formulated prior to administration together with one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients. Excipients are inert substances such as, without limitation carriers, diluents, flavoring agents, sweeteners, lubricants, solubilizers, suspend- ding agents, binders, tablet disintegrating agents and encapsulating material.
Yet another embodiment of the present invention is pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound of the invention and one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients that are compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof. Pharmaceutical formulations of the invention are prepared by combining a therapeutically effective amount of the compounds of the invention together with one or more pharmaceutically- acceptable excipients therefore. In making the compositions of the present invention, the active ingredient may be mixed with a diluent, or enclosed within a carrier, which may be in the form of a capsule, sachet, paper, or other container. The carrier may serve as a diluent, which may be solid, semi-solid, or liquid material which acts as a vehicle, or can be in the form of tablets, pills powders, lozenges, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols, ointments, containing, for example, up to 10% by weight of the active compound, soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions and sterile packaged powders.
For oral administration, the active ingredient may be combined with an oral, and non-toxic, pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier, such as, without limitation, lactose, starch, sucrose, glucose, sodium carbonate, mannitol, sorbitol, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, methyl cellulose, and the like; together with, optionally, disintegrating agents, such as, without limitation, maize, starch, methyl cellulose, agar bentonite, xanthan gum, alginic acid, and the like; and optionally, binding agents, for example, without limitation, gelatin, natural sugars, beta- lactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums, acacia, tragacanth, sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes, and the like; and, optionally, lubricating agents, for example, without limitation, magnesium stearate, sodium stearate, stearic acid, sodium oleate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, talc, and the like.
In powder forms, the carrier may be a finely divided solid which is in admixture with the finely divided active ingredient. The active ingredient may be mixed with a carrier having binding properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired to produce tablets. The powders and tablets preferably contain from about 1 to about 99 weight percent of the active ingredient which is the novel composition of the present invention. Suitable solid carriers are magnesium carboxymethyl cellulose, low melting waxes, and cocoa butter.
Sterile liquid formulations include suspensions, emulsions, syrups and elixirs. The active ingredient can be dissolved or suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, such as sterile water, sterile organic solvent, or a mixture of both sterile water and sterile organic solvent.
The active ingredient can also be dissolved in a suitable organic solvent, for example, aqueous propylene glycol. Other compositions can be made by dispersing the finely divided active ingredient in aqueous starch or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution or in a suitable oil.
For intranasal administration, the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may be administered by nasal drops, by nasal aerosols, or as an inhaled powder.
Suitable nasal spray formulations of inventive compositions can be readily prepared according to techniques well known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation. For example, the preparation of solutions or emulsions are described by Achari et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6, 436,950 (supra), J. G. Nair [Chapt. 39, Solutions, Emulsions, Suspensions and Extracts, pg. 721-752J] and aerosols by J. Sciarra and C. J. Sicarra [Chapt. 50, "Aerosols", pg. 963 to 979] in the standard text: "Remington, the science and practice of pharmacy," Alfonso R. Gennaro, Chairman of the editorial board and editor. 20th ed. Baltimore, Md. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000.
The compositions the active ingredient may be prepared as gels, liposomal dispersions, suspensions or emulsions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol, benzalkonium chloride or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters such as cyclodextrins to enhance bioavailability and bioadhesives for prolonged contact, and/or other solubilizing or dispersing agents known in the art. Thus, a composition for administration to the intranasal surfaces is particularly contemplated that comprises a solution of the active ingredient dissolved or dispersed in a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent (carrier). The solvent or wetting agent may be propylene glycol (1,2- propanediol) and a variety of aqueous carriers can be used, e.g. buffered water, 0.9 percent saline, buffered aqueous-ethanol solutions and the like. These compositions can be sterilized by conventional, well-known sterilization techniques, or can be sterile filtered. The resulting solutions can be packaged for use as is or mixed as an adjuvant to another medication.
The inventive embodiment compositions can contain pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary substances as required to approximate physiological conditions, such as pH adjusting and buffering agents, tonicity adjusting agents, wetting agents and the like, for example, sodium acetate, sodium lactate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sorbitan monolaurate, triethanolamine oleate, and the like.
Another form of intranasal administration is to administer the active ingredient in powder form; by itself or admixed to an inert carrier such as calcium carbonate or lactose. Methods for preparing spray dried powder with a hydrophilic excipient, e.g. povidone, lactose, and delivering it using dry powder nasal inhalers, have been described by Gordon et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 6,365,190) and are incorporated herein by reference. The advantage of a powder method for delivery is that it may have a more prolonged action when administered in dry powder versus in soluble forms, as the nose has robust clearance mechanisms. The powder may be prepared in micronized form, by re- crystallization, by granulation, by drying, or by milling to a specified particle size and thus to have a high surface area for interaction with cold receptors. Methods for preparing powders are well- known to the art and have been reviewed by R. E. O'Connor and J. B. Schwartz (Powders, Chapt. 37, pg. 681-699) in the standard text: "Remington, the science and practice of pharmacy," Alfonso R. Gennaro, Chairman of the editorial board and editor. 20th ed. Baltimore, Md. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000. To quote from this Chapter (pg. 688):
The formulation may be in unit dosage form, which is a physically discrete unit containing a unit dose, suitable for administration in human or other mammals. A unit dosage form can be a capsule or tablets, or a number of capsules or tablets. A "unit dose" is a predetermined quantity of the active compound of the present invention, calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with one or more excipients. The quantity of active ingredient in a unit dose may be varied or adjusted from about 0.1 to about 1000 milligrams or more according to the particular treatment involved. Typical oral dosages of the present invention, when used for the indicated effects, will range from about O.Olmg /kg/day to about 100 mg/kg/day, preferably from 0.1 mg/kg/day to 30 mg/kg/day, and most preferably from about 0.5 mg kg/day to about 10 mg/kg/day. In the case of parenteral administration, it has generally proven advantageous to administer quantities of about 0.001 to lOOmg /kg/day, preferably from 0.01 mg/kg/day to 1 mg/kg/day. The compounds of the present invention may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dose may be administered in divided doses, two, three, or more times per day. Where delivery is via transdermal forms, of course, administration is continuous.
EXAMPLES
The present invention will be described as a form of examples, but they should by no means be construed as defining the metes and bounds of the present invention.
In the examples below, all quantitative data, if not stated otherwise, relate to percentages by weight.
Mass spectra were obtained using electrospray (ES) ionization techniques (micromass Platform LC). Melting points are uncorrected. Liquid Chromatography - Mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) data were recorded on a Micromass Platform LC with Shimadzu Phenomenex ODS column(4.6 mmφ X 30 mm) flushing a mixture of acetonitrile-water (9:1 to 1 :9) at 1 ml/min of the flow rate. TLC was performed on a precoated silica gel plate (Merck silica gel 60 F-254). Silica gel (WAKO-gel C-200 (75-150 μm)) was used for all column chromatography separations. All chemicals were reagent grade and were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Wako pure chemical industries, Ltd., Great Britain, Tokyo kasei kogyo Co., Ltd., Nacalai tesque, Inc., Watanabe Chemical Ind. Ltd., Maybridge pic, Lancaster Synthesis Ltd., Merck KgaA, Germany, Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.
]H NMR spectra were recorded using either Bruker DRX-300 (300 MHz for ]H) spectrometer or Brucker 500 UltraShieled™ (500 MHz for 1H) . Chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (ppm) with tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard at zero ppm. Coupling constant (J) are given in hertz and the abbreviations s, d, t, q, m, and br refer to singlet, doblet, triplet, quartet, multiple!, and broad, respectively. The mass determinations were carried out by MAT95 (Finnigan MAT).
All starting materials are commercially available or can be prepared using methods cited in the literature.
The effect of the present compounds was examined by the following assays and pharmacological tests.
[Measurement of capsaicin-induced Ca2+ influx in the human VRl-transfected CHO cell line] (Assay 1)
(1) Establishment of the human VRl-CH01uc9aeq cell line
Human vanilloid receptor (hVRl) cDNA was cloned from libraries of axotomized dorsal root ganglia (WO 00/29577). The cloned hVRl cDNA was constructed with pcDNA3 vector and transfected into a CH01uc9aeq cell line. The cell line contains aequorin and CRE-luciferase reporter genes as read-out signals. The transfectants were cloned by limiting dilution in selection medium (DMEM/F12 medium (Gibco BRL) supplemented with 10% FCS, 1.4 mM Sodium pyruvate, 20 mM HEPES, 0.15% Sodium bicarbonate, lOO U/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, 2 mM glutamine, non-essential amino acids and 2 mg/ml G418). Ca2+ influx was examined in the capsaicin-stimulated clones. A high responder clone was selected and used for further experiments in the project. The human VRl-CH01uc9aeq cells were maintained in the selection medium and passaged every 3-4 days at 1-2.5x105 cells/flask (75 mm2).
(2) Measurement of Ca2+ influx using FDSS-3000 Human VRl-CH01uc9aeq cells were suspended in a culture medium which is the same as the selection medium except for G418 and seeded at a density of 1,000 cells per well into 384-well plates (black walled clear-base / Nalge Nunc International). Following the culture for 48 hrs the medium was changed to 2 μM Fluo-3 AM (Molecular Probes) and 0.02% Puronic F-127 in assay buffer (Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), 17 mM HEPES (pH7.4), 1 mM Probenecid, 0.1% BSA) and the cells were incubated for 60 min at 25°C. After washing twice with assay buffer the cells were incubated with a test compound or vehicle for 20 min at 25°C. Mobilization of cytoplasmic Ca2+ was measured by FDSS-3000 (λeχ=488nm, λem=540nm / Hamamatsu Photonics) for 60 sec after the stimulation with 10 nM capsaicin. Integral R was calculated and compared with controls.
[Measurement of the capsaicin-induced Ca2+ influx in primary cultured rat dorsal root ganglia neurons] (Assay 2)
( 1 ) Preparation of rat dorsal root ganglia neurons
New born Wister rats (5-11 days) were sacrificed and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) was removed. DRG was incubated with 0.1% trypsin (Gibco BRL) in PBS(-) (Gibco BRL) for 30 min at 37°C, then a half volume of fetal calf serum (FCS) was added and the cells were spun down. The DRG neuron cells were resuspended in Ham F12/5% FCS/5% horse serum (Gibco BRL) and dispersed by repeated pipetting and passing through 70 μm mesh (Falcon). The culture plate was incubated for 3 hours at 37°C to remove contaminating Schwann cells. Non-adherent cells were recovered and further cultured in laminin-coated 384 well plates (Nunc) at lxlO4 cells/50 μl/well for 2 days in the presence of 50 ng/ml recombinant rat NGF (Sigma) and 50 μM 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (Sigma).
(2) Ca2+ mobilization assay
DRG neuron cells were washed twice with HBSS supplemented with 17 mM HEPES (pH 7.4) and 0.1% BSA. After incubating with 2 μM fluo-3AM (Molecular Probe), 0.02% PF127 (Gibco BRL) and 1 mM probenecid (Sigma) for 40 min at 37°C, cells were washed 3 times. The cells were incubated with VRl antagonists or vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide) and then with 1 μM capsaicin in FDSS-6000 (λex=480nm, λera=520nm / Hamamatsu Photonics). The fluorescence changes at 480nm were monitored for 2.5 min. Integral R was calculated and compared with controls.
[Organ bath assay to measure the capsaicin-induced bladder contraction] (Assay 3)
Male Wistar rats (10 week old) were anesthetized with ether and sacrificed by dislocating the necks. The whole urinary bladder was excised and placed in oxygenated Modified Krebs-Henseleit solution (pH 7.4) of the following composition (112mM NaCl, 5.9mM KC1, 1.2mM MgCl2, 1.2mM NaH2P04, 2mM CaCl2, 2.5mM NaHC03, 12mM glucose). Contractile responses of the urinary bladder were studied as described previously [Maggi CA et al: Br.J.Pharmacol. 108: 801-805, 1993]. Isometric tension was recorded under a load of 1 g using longitudinal strips of rat detrusor muscle. Bladder strips were equilibrated for 60 min before each stimulation. Contractile response to 80 mM KC1 was determined at 15 min intervals until reproducible responses were obtained. The response to KC1 was used as an internal standard to evaluate the maximal response to capsaicin. The effects of the compounds were investigated by incubating the strips with compounds for 30 min prior to the stimulation with 1 μM capsaicin (vehicle: 80% saline, 10% EtOH, and 10% Tween 80). One of the preparations made from the same animal was served as a control while the others were used for evaluating compounds. Ratio of each capsaicin- induced contraction to the internal standard (i.e. KCl-induced contraction) was calculated and the effects of the test compounds on the capsaicin-induced contraction were evaluated.
[Measurement of Ca2+ influx in the human P2Xl-transfected CHO cell line]
(1) Preparation of the human P2Xl-transfected CH01uc9aeq cell line
Human P2Xl-transfected CH01uc9aeq cell line was established and maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM/F12) supplemented with 7.5% FCS, 20 mM HEPES-KOH (pH 7.4), 1.4 mM sodium pyruvate, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, 2 M glutamine (Gibco BRL) and 0.5 Units/ml apyrase (grade I, Sigma). The suspended cells were seeded in each well of 384-well optical bottom black plates (Nalge Nunc International) at 3 x 103 / 50 μl / well. The cells were cultured for following 48 hrs to adhere to the plates.
(2) Measurement of the intracellular Ca2+ levels
P2X1 receptor agonist-mediated increases in cytosolic Ca2+ levels were measured using a fluorescent Ca2+ chelating dye, Fluo-3 AM (Molecular Probes). The plate-attached cells were washed twice with washing buffer (HBSS, 17 mM HEPES-KOH (pH 7.4), 0.1% BSA and 0.5 units/ml apyrase), and incubated in 40 μl of loading buffer (1 μM Fluo-3 AM, 1 mM probenecid, 1 μM cyclosporin A, 0.01%) pluronic (Molecular Probes)in washing buffer) for 1 hour in a dark place. The plates were washed twice with 40 μl washing buffer and 35 μl of washing buffer were added in each well with 5 μl of test compounds or ',3 '- o-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) adenosine 5'-triphpsphate (Molecular Probes) as a reference. After further incubation for 10 minutes in dark 200 nM , β-methylene ATP agonist was added to initiate the Ca2+ mobilization. Fluorescence intensity was measured by FDSS-6000 (λeχ=410nm, λem =510nm / Hamamatsu Photonics) at 250 msec intervals. Integral ratios were calculated from the data and compared with that of a control. [Measurement of capsaicin-induced bladder contraction in anesthetized rats] (Assay 4)
(1) Animals
Female Sprague-Dawley rats (200~250 g / Charles River Japan) were used.
(2) Catheter implantation Rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal administration of urethane (Sigma) at 1.2 g/kg. The abdomen was opened through a midline incision, and a polyethylene catheter (BECTON DICKINSON, PE50) was implanted into the bladder through the dome. In parallel, the inguinal region was incised, and a polyethylene catheter (Hibiki, size 5) filled with 2 IU / ml of heparin (Novo Heparin, Aventis Pharma) in saline (Otsuka) was inserted into a common iliac artery.
(3) Cystometric investigation
The bladder catheter was connected via T-tube to a pressure transducer (Viggo- Spectramed Pte Ltd, DT-XXAD) and a microinjection pump (TERUMO). Saline was infused at room temperature into the bladder at a rate of 2.4 ml/hr. Intravesical pressure was recorded continuously on a chart pen recorder (Yokogawa). At least three reproducible micturition cycles, corresponding to a 20-minute period, were recorded before a test compound administration and used as baseline values.
(4) Administration of test compounds and stimulation of bladder with capsaicin
The saline infusion was stopped before administrating compounds. A testing compound dissolved in the mixture of ethanol, Tween 80 (ICN Biomedicals Inc.) and saline (1 : 1 : 8, v/v/v) was administered intraarterially at lO mg/kg. 2min after the administration of the compound 10 μg of capsaicin (Nacalai Tesque) dissolved in ethanol was administered intraarterially. (5) Analysis of cystometry parameters
Relative increases in the capsaicin-induced intravesical pressure were analyzed from the cystometry data. The capsaicin-induced bladder pressures were compared with the maximum bladder pressure during micturition without the capsaicin stimulation. The testing compounds-mediated inhibition of the increased bladder pressures was evaluated using Student's t-test. A probability level less than 5% was accepted as significant difference.
[Measurement of over active bladder in anesthetized cystitis rats] (Assay 5)
(1) Animals Female Sprague-Dawley rats (180-250 g / Charles River Japan) were used. Cyclo- phosphamide (CYP) dissolved in saline was administered intraperitoneally at 150 mg/kg 48 hours before experiment.
(2) Catheter implantation
Rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal administration of urethane (Sigma) at 1.25 g/kg. The abdomen was opened through a midline incision, and a polyethylene catheter (BECTON DICKINSON, PE50) was implanted into the bladder through the dome. In parallel, the inguinal region was incised, and a polyethylene catheter (BECTON DICKINSON, PE50) filled with saline (Otsuka) was inserted into a femoral vein. After the bladder was emptied, the rats were left for 1 hour for recovery from the operation.
(3) Cystometric investigation
The bladder catheter was connected via T-tube to a pressure transducer (Viggo- Spectramed Pte Ltd, DT-XXAD) and a microinjection pump (TERUMO). Saline was infused at room temperature into the bladder at a rate of 3.6 ml/hr for 20 min. Intravesical pressure was recorded continuously on a chart pen recorder (Yokogawa). At least three reproducible micturition cycles, corresponding to a 20-minute period, were recorded before a test compound administration.
(4) Administration of test compounds
A testing compound dissolved in the mixture of ethanol, Tween 80 (ICN Biomedicals Inc.) and saline (1 : 1 : 8, v/v/v) was administered intravenously at 0.05 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg. 3 min after the administration of the compound, saline (Nacalai Tesque) was infused at room temperature into the bladder at a rate of 3.6 ml/hr.
(5) Analysis of cystometry parameters
The cystometry parameters were analyzed as described previously [ Lecci A et al: Eur. J. Pharmacol. 259: 129-135, 1994]. The micturition frequency calculated from micturition interval and the bladder capacity calculated from a volume of infused saline until the first micturition were analyzed from the cystometry data. The testing compounds-mediated inhibition of the frequency and the testing compounds-mediated increase of bladder capacity were evaluated using unpaired Student's t-test. A probability levels less than 5% was accepted as significant difference. Data were analyzed as the mean + SEM from 4 - 7 rats.
[Measurement of Acute Pain]
Acute pain is measured on a hot plate mainly in rats. Two variants of hot plate testing are used: In the classical variant animals are put on a hot surface (52 to 56°C) and the latency time is measured until the animals show nociceptive behavior, such as stepping or foot licking. The other variant is an increasing temperature hot plate where the experimental animals are put on a surface of neutral temperature. Subsequently this surface is slowly but constantly heated until the animals begin to lick a hind paw. The temperature which is reached when hind paw licking begins is a measure for pain threshold. Compounds are tested against a vehicle treated control group. Substance application is performed at different time points via different application routes (i.v., i.p., p.o., i.t., i.c.v., s.c, intradermal, transdermal) prior to pain testing.
[Measurement of Persistent Pain]
Persistent pain is measured with the formalin or capsaicin test, mainly in rats. A solution of 1 to 5% formalin or 10 to 100 μg capsaicin is injected into one hind paw of the experimental animal. After formalin or capsaicin application the animals show nociceptive reactions like flinching, licking and biting of the affected paw. The number of nociceptive reactions within a time frame of up to 90 minutes is a measure for intensity of pain.
Compounds are tested against a vehicle treated control group. Substance application is performed at different time points via different application routes (i.v., i.p., p.o., i.t., i.c.v., s.c, intradermal, transdermal) prior to formalin or capsaicin administration. [Measurement of Neuropathic Pain]
Neuropathic pain is induced by different variants of unilateral sciatic nerve injury mainly in rats. The operation is performed under anesthesia. The first variant of sciatic nerve injury is produced by placing loosely constrictive ligatures around the common sciatic nerve (Bennett and Xie, Pain 33 (1988): 87-107). The second variant is the tight ligation of about the half of the diameter of the common sciatic nerve (Seltzer et al, Pain 43 (1990): 205-218). In the next variant, a group of models is used in which tight ligations or transections are made of either the L5 and L6 spinal nerves, or the L5 spinal nerve only (KIM SH; CHUNG JM, AN EXPERIMENTAL-MODEL FOR PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY PRODUCED BY SEGMENTAL SPINAL NERVE LIGATION IN THE RA, PAIN 50 (3) (1992): 355-363). The fourth variant involves an axotomy of two of the three terminal branches of the sciatic nerve (tibial and common peroneal nerves) leaving the remaining sural nerve intact whereas the last variant comprises the axotomy of only the tibial branch leaving the sural and common nerves uninjured. Control animals are treated with a sham operation.
Postoperatively, the nerve injured animals develop a chronic mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, as well as a thermal hyperalgesia. Mechanical allodynia is measured by means of a pressure transducer (electronic von Frey Anesthesiometer, IITC Inc.-Life Science Instruments, Woodland Hills, SA, USA; Electronic von Frey System, Somedic Sales AB, Hδrby, Sweden). Thermal hyperalgesia is measured by means of a radiant heat source (Plantar Test, Ugo Basile, Comerio, Italy), or by means of a cold plate of 5 to 10 °C where the nocifensive reactions of the affected hind paw are counted as a measure of pain intensity. A further test for cold induced pain is the counting of nocifensive reactions, or duration of nocifensive responses after plantar administration of acetone to the affected hind limb. Chronic pain in general is assessed by registering the circadanian rhytms in activity (Surjo and Arndt, Universitat zu Kδln, Cologne, Germany), and by scoring differences in gait (foot print patterns; FOOTPRINTS program, Klapdor et al., 1997. A low cost method to analyse footprint patterns. J. Neurosci. Methods 75, 49-54).
Compounds are tested against sham operated and vehicle treated control groups. Substance application is performed at different time points via different application routes (i.v., i.p., p.o., i.t., i.c.v., s.c, intradermal, transdermal) prior to pain testing. [Measurement of Inflammatory Pain]
Inflammatory pain is induced mainly in rats by injection of 0.75 mg carrageenan or complete Freund's adjuvant into one hind paw. The animals develop an edema with mechanical allodynia as well as thermal hyperalgesia. Mechanical allodynia is measured by means of a pressure transducer (electronic von Frey Anesthesiometer, IITC Inc-Life Science Instruments, Woodland Hills, SA, USA). Thermal hyperalgesia is measured by means of a radiant heat source (Plantar Test, Ugo Basile, Comerio, Italy, Paw thermal stimulator, G. Ozaki, University of California, USA). For edema measurement two methods are being used. In the first method, the animals are sacrificed and the affected hindpaws sectioned and weighed. The second method comprises differences in paw volume by measuring water displacement in a plethysmometer (Ugo Basile, Comerio, Italy).
Compounds are tested against uninflamed as well as vehicle treated control groups. Substance application is performed at different time points via different application routes (i.v., i.p., p.o., i.t., i.c.v., s.c, intradermal, transdermal) prior to pain testing.
[Measurement of Diabetic Neuropathic Pain]
Rats treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 to 80 mg/kg streptozotocin develop a profound hyperglycemia and mechanical allodynia within 1 to 3 weeks. Mechanical allodynia is measured by means of a pressure transducer (electronic von Frey Anesthesiometer, IITC Inc-Life Science Instruments, Woodland Hills, SA, USA).
Compounds are tested against diabetic and non-diabetic vehicle treated control groups. Substance application is performed at different time points via different application routes (i.v., i.p., p.o., i.t., i.c.v., s.c, intradermal, transdermal) prior to pain testing.
Results in capsaicin-induced Ca2+ influx assay in the human VRl-transfected CHO cell line (Assay 1) are shown in Examples.
The compounds of the present invention also show excellent selectivity, and strong activity in other assays 2-5 and assays for pain described above. Preparing method of compounds
[Example 1-1]
Reaction 1
Figure imgf000036_0001
To a solution of 2-amino-4-nitrophenol (3.08g, 20.0mmol) and pyridine (1.58g, 20.0mmol) in DMF was added chloroacetyl chloride (2.26g, 20.0mmol) at 0°C and the mixture was stirred for lh. NaH (60% in oil, 0.80g, 20.0mmol) was added to the reaction mixture at 0°C and the mixture was stirred for 2h. The reaction was quenched by addition of water and extracted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc). The combined extracts were washed with water, brine, dried, and evaporated. The residue was purified by recrystallization from Et20. 1 : 3.19g,(82.0%), pale brown solid. lH NMR (acetone-d6) 4.78 (s, 2H), 7.15 (t, J = 4.8Hz, 1H), 7.88-790 (m, 2H), 9.98 (brs,lH)
MS; 195(M+1)
Reaction 2
Figure imgf000036_0002
A suspension of 1 (3.88g, 20.0mmol) and 5% Pd/C (200mg) in a mixture of THF (20mL) and MeOH (60mL) was stirred under H2 atmosphere for 2h. The mixture was filtered through celite and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (MeOH/CHCl3 1 :20) to give the product. 2: 1.89g, (57.6%), gray solid. lH NMR (acetone-d6)
4.39 (s, 2H), 4.42 (brs, 2H), 6.25 (dd, J = 8.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.32 (d, J = 2.5Hz, 1H), 6.66 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 9.36 (brs,lH)
MS; 165(M+1) Reaction 3
Figure imgf000037_0001
2 3
To a mixture of 2 (880.0mg, 5.36mmol) and pyridine (510mg, 6.43mmol) in THF (30mL) was added chloro phenylcarbamate (840.0mg, 5.36mmol) in THF (5mL) at 0°C. After 1.5h at rt, the mixture was poured into water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined extracts were washed with brine, dried, and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (EtO Ac/Hex 1/4) to give the product. 3: 1.255g, (82.4%) pale yellow solid. lH NMR (acetone-d6) 4.53 (s,2H), 6.91 (d, J = 8.7Hz, IH), 7.08 (d, J = 8.7Hz,lH), 7.19-7.24 (m, 3H), 7.39-7.43 (m, 3H), 9.10 (brs,lH), 9.71 (brs,lH).
MS; 285(M+1)
Reaction 4
Figure imgf000037_0002
A mixture of 3 (142mg, 0.50mmol), amine (89mg, 0.50mmol) and K2C03 (69mg, 0.50mmol) in DMSO (5mL) was stirred for 15h at 80°C. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and the precipitate was filtered, and then the solid was washed with Et20 to obtain N- {2-[ethyl(3-methylphenyl)amino]ethyl}-N'-(3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-l,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)urea.
4; 177.0mg (96.1%), brown solid. lHNMR (DMSO-d6)
1.07 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 3.20 (dd, J = 13.3, 5.7 Hz, 2H). 3.31 (dd, J = 13.3, 5.7Hz, 2H), 3.35, (q, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 4.47 (s, 2H), 6.10 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, IH), 6.39 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, IH), 6.55 (s, IH), 6.56 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, IH), 6.78-6.83 (m, 2H), 7.02 (dd, J = 9.1, 7.3 Hz, IH), 7.18 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, IH), 8.49 (s, IH), 10.6 (s, IH).
MS; 369 (M+l).
Result in capsaicin-induced Ca2+ influx assay: 24nM.
[Example 1-2]
Similarly ,N-{2-[ethyl(3-methylphenyl)amino]ethyl}-N'-(2-oxo-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-yl)- urea was obtained.
lH MR (DMSO-d6)
1.07 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.41(t, J=7.3Hz, 2H), 2.72 (t, J=7.3Hz, 2H), 3.22 (dd, J = 13.9, 6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.31 (q, J = 7.9Hz, 2H), 3.35 (dd, J = 13.9, 6.9Hz, 2H), 6.39 (d, J=7.3Hz, IH), 6.48 (brs, IH), 6.54-6.56 (m, 3n), 7.01 (d, J=7.3Hz, IH), 7.03 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, IH), 7.33 (d, J=8.2Hz, IH), 7.87 (s, IH), 10.00 (s, IH).
MS; 367 (M+l).
Result in capsaicin-induced Ca2+ influx assay: 56nM.
[Example 2]
Similary, the compounds described in the tables below are synthesized.
Figure imgf000039_0001
Figure imgf000039_0002
[Example 3]
Similary, the compounds described in the tables below are synthesized.
Figure imgf000040_0001
Figure imgf000040_0002

Claims

Claims
1. A urea derivative of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof:
Figure imgf000041_0001
wherein n represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
R1 represents 3-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring optionally having one to three hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S wherein said ring is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N-(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N- (C3-8 cycloalkyl)amino, Ci-βalkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, Cι-6 alkanoyl, N- (Cι-6alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl, Cj-6 alkylcarbamoyl, .scycloalkyl, heterocycle, Cι-6 alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Cι-6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], C2-6 alkenyl [wherein said alkenyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, -β alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], Cι-6 alkoxy [wherein said alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], Cι.6 alkylthio [wherein said alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], phenyl, benzyl and phenoxy [wherein said phenyl, phenyl moiety of said benzyl or phenyl moiety of said phenoxy are optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(Cι.6alkyl)amino, mercapto, Cι.β alkylthio, Cι.6 alkylsulfinyl, Cι-6 alkylsulfonyl, N,N-di(C].6 alkyl)amino, N-(C3.8 cycloalkyl)amino, Cι.6 alkoxycarbonyl, Cι.β alkoxycarbonyl or Cj.6 alkyl];
R2 represent hydrogen, Cι.6alkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, Cι.6alkylsulfonyl, Ci-βalkyloxycarbonyl, Ci-βalkylcarbonyl, or C3.gcycloalkyl wherein said alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl are optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, nitro, cyano, Ci-βalkylcarbonyl, Cι.6alkoxy, Ci-βalkoxycarbonyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, amino, N-(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N- (heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N-(Cι.„alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or N,N,- di(C ι-6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or said cycloalkyl are optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, cyano, nitro, (Cι-δalkoxy)carbonyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, amino, N-(C].6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N- (aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N-(Cι.6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, N,N-di(C1.6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, Ci-βalk l optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, or Cι.6alkoxy optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen; or
R1 and R2 together with the adjacent N form 5-12 membered saturated or unsautrated cyclic ring optionally having one N or O atom other than the adjacent N and said ring is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N-(C]-6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N-(C3.8 cycloalkyl)amino,
Figure imgf000042_0001
sulfonamide, Cι-6 alkanoyl, N-(Cι.6alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl, C\.6 alkylcarbamoyl, C3-scycloalkyl, heterocycle, C]-6 alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, -6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], C .6 alkenyl [wherein said alkenyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, -β alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], Cμ alkoxy [wherein said alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], C].6 alkylthio [wherein said alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], phenyl, benzyl and phenoxy [wherein said phenyl, phenyl moiety of said benzyl or phenyl moiety of said phenoxy are optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(Cι.6alkyl)amino, mercapto, .6 alkylthio, Ci-β alkylsulfinyl, Cι.6 alkylsulfonyl, N,N-di(Cι.6 alkyl)amino, N-(C3.g cycloalkyl)amino, Cj-6 alkoxycarbonyl, ,Cι.6 alkoxycarbonyl or Cι-6 alkyl] R3 represents hydrogen, Cι-6alkyl, C2.6alkenyl, or C2.6alkynyl;
R4 each independently represents halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N- (Cι-6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N-(C3-8 cycloalkyl)amino, Ci-βalkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, C].6 alkanoyl, N-(C].6alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl, Cι-6 alkylcarbamoyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, Cι.β alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Cj-β alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], C2.6 alkenyl [wherein said alkenyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Cι-6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], Cι.6 alkoxy [wherein said alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], or Cι-6 alkylthio [wherein said alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen]; and
X represents O, CH2, S, or N(R10), wherein R10 represents hydrogen or Cι-6 alkyl,
2. The urea derivative of the formula (I), its tartomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein n represents 0, 1, 2, or 3;
R1 represents phenyl, pyridine, or pyrimidine wherein said phenyl, pyridine, or pyrimidine is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N-(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N,N- di(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N-(C3.8 cycloalkyl)amino, Cι.6alkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, -β alkanoyl, N-(Cι.6alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl, -β alkylcarbamoyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, heterocycle, Cι-6 alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C].6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], C2-6 alkenyl [wherein said alkenyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C].6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], alkoxy [wherein said alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], -β alkylthio [wherein said alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], phenyl, benzyl and phenoxy [wherein said phenyl, phenyl moiety of said benzyl or phenyl moiety of said phenoxy are optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(Cι.6alkyl)amino, mercapto, -β alkylthio, C e alkylsulfinyl, Cj-6 alkylsulfonyl, N,N-di(Cι.6 alkyl)amino, N-(C3.8 cycloalkyl)amino, -β alkoxycarbonyl, Cι-6 alkoxycarbonyl or
Figure imgf000044_0001
alkyl]; represent hydrogen, Cι.6alkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, Ci-βalkylsulfonyl, or C3.8cycloalkyl wherein said alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl are optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, nitro, cyano, Ci-βalkylcarbonyl, Cι-6alkoxy, Ci-βalkoxycarbonyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, amino, N-(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(hetero- aryl)amino, carbamoyl, N-(Cι.6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or N,N,-di(Cι-6al- kyl)aminocarbonyl, or said cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, cyano, nitro, (C].6alkoxy)carbonyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, amino, N-(C].6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C].6alkyl)amino, N- (aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N-(Cι-6alkyl)amino- carbonyl, N,N-di(Cι.6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, Cι.6alkyl optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, or -βalkoxy optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, or
R1 and R2 together with the adjacent N form 5-12 membered saturated or unsautrated cyclic ring optionally having one N or O atom other than the adjacent N and said ring is optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N-(C].6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N-(C3.8 cycloalkyl)amino, Cι-6alkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, Ci-β alkanoyl, N-(C].6alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl, Cι.β alkylcarbamoyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, heterocycle, Cι„6 alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, -6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], C2-6 alkenyl [wherein said alkenyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Cι-6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], C].6 alkoxy [wherein said alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], Ci-β alkylthio [wherein said alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], phenyl, benzyl and phenoxy [wherein said phenyl, phenyl moiety of said benzyl or phenyl moiety of said phenoxy are optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(Cι.6alkyι)- amino, mercapto, Cι-6 alkylthio, .6 alkylsulfϊnyl, C\.6 alkylsulfonyl, N,N-di(Cι-6 alkyl)amino, N-(C3-8 cycloalkyl)amino, Cι.6 alkoxycarbonyl, Cι-6 alkoxycarbonyl or Cι_6 alkyl]
R3 represents hydrogen;
R4 each independently represents halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N- (Cι.6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N-(C3-8 cycloalkyl)amino, Ci-βalkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, C]-6 alkanoyl, N-(Cι-6alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl, -β alkylcarbamoyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, Cι-6 alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Ci-β alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], C2-β alkenyl [wherein said alkenyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C].6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], Cj.6 alkoxy [wherein said alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], or Cj.6 alkylthio [wherein said alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen]; and
X represents O, CH2, S, or N(R10), wherein R10 represents hydrogen or
Figure imgf000045_0001
alkyl,
3. The urea derivative of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein n represents 0, 1, 2, or 3; R1 represents 3-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring optionally having one to three hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S wherein said ring is optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N-(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C].6alkyl)amino, N- (C3.8 cycloalkyl)amino, Cι.6alkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, Ci-β alkanoyl, N- (Cι.6alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl, Cι_6 alkylcarbamoyl, C3-gcycloalkyl, heterocycle, Cι-6 alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino,
Figure imgf000046_0001
alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], C2-β alkenyl [wherein said alkenyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Cι-6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], Cj-6 alkoxy [wherein said alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], Cι-6 alkylthio [wherein said alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], phenyl, benzyl and phenoxy , [wherein said phenyl, phenyl moiety of said benzyl or phenyl moiety of said phenoxy are optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(Cι.6alkyl)amino, mercapto, -e alkylthio, Cι.β alkylsulfinyl, Cι-6 alkylsulfonyl, N,N-di(Cι.6 alkyl)amino, N-(C3.8 cycloalkyl)amino, C].6 alkoxycarbonyl, -β alkoxycarbonyl or Cj-β alkyl];
R2 represent hydrogen or Ci-βalkyl, wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, nitro, cyano, Ci-βalkylcarbonyl, Cι.6alkoxy, Cι.6alkoxycarbonyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, amino, N-(C].6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C].6alkyl)amino, N- (aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N-(Cι.6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, orN,N,-di(C].6alkyl)aminocarbonyl,
R3 represents hydrogen;
R4 each independently represents halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N- (Cι.6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N-(C3.S cycloalkyl)amino, Cι.6alkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, C].6 alkanoyl, N-(Cι-6alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl, .6 alkylcarbamoyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, Cj.6 alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Cι-6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], C2.6 alkenyl [wherein said alkenyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C]-6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], Ci-β alkoxy [wherein said alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], or -e alkylthio [wherein said alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen]; and
X represents O, CH2, S, or N(R10), wherein R10 represents hydrogen or Ci-β alkyl,
4. The urea derivative of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein n represents 1 or 2;
R1 represents phenyl, pyridine, or pyrimidine wherein said phenyl, pyridine, or pyrimidine is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N-(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N,N- di(C].6alkyl)amino, N-(C3.8 cycloalkyl)amino, Cι.6alkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, C].6 alkanoyl, N-(Cι-6alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl, C\.6 alkylcarbamoyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, heterocycle, Cι-6 alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Cι.β alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], C2-6 alkenyl [wherein said alkenyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, -β alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], Cι.6 alkoxy [wherein said alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], C].6 alkylthio [wherein said alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], phenyl, benzyl and phenoxy , [wherein said phenyl, phenyl moiety of said benzyl or phenyl moiety of said phenoxy are optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-(Cμ6alkyl)amino, mercapto,
Figure imgf000047_0001
alkylthio, Cι.6 alkylsulfmyl, Cι.6 alkylsulfonyl, N,N-di(Cι.6 alkyl)amino, N-(C3.8 cycloalkyl)amino, Cι.6 alkoxycarbonyl, Ci-β alkoxycarbonyl or -β alkyl];
R2 represent hydrogen, Cι-6alkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, Cι.6alkylsulfonyl, or C3-8cycloalkyl wherein said alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl are optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, nitro, cyano, Cι-6alkylcarbonyl, Cι-„alkoxy, Ci-βalkoxycarbonyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, amino, N-(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N,N- di(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N- (C].6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or N,N,-di(Cι.6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or said cycloalkyl are optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, cyano, nitro, (Cι.6alkoxy)carbonyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, amino, N-(Cι-6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι-„alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N- (Cι-6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, N,N-di(C1.6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, Ci-βalkyl optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, or Cι.6alkoxy optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen. R3 represents hydrogen;
R4 each independently represents halogen, nitro, thiol, hydroxy, carboxy, cyano, amino, N- (Cι-6alkyl)amino, N,N-di(Cι.6alkyl)amino, N-(C3-s cycloalkyl)amino, Ci-βalkoxycarbonyl, sulfonamide, C e alkanoyl, N-(Cι-6alkanoyl)amino, carbamoyl, Cι-6 alkylcarbamoyl, C3.gcycloalkyl, C].6 alkyl [wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Cι-6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], C2.β alkenyl [wherein said alkenyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, Cj.6 alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen], C .6 alkoxy [wherein said alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen], or C,.6 alkylthio [wherein said alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen]; and X represents O or CH .
5. The urea derivative of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein said urea derivative of the formula (I) is: N-{2-[ethyl(3-methylphenyl)amino]ethyl}-N'-(3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-l,4-benzoxazin-6- yl)urea; or N-{2-[ethyl(3-methylphenyl)amino]ethyl} -N'-(2-oxo-l ,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinolin-5-yl)urea.
6. A medicament comprising the urea derivative of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof as claimed in claim 1 as an active ingredient.
7. The medicament as claimed in claim 6, further comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
8. The medicament as claimed in claim 6, wherein said urea derivative of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof is a VRl antagonist.
9. The medicament as claimed in claim 6 for the treatment and/or prevention of an urological disorder or disease.
10. The medicament as claimed in claim 9, wherein said urological disorder or disease is detrusor overactivity (overactive bladder), urinary incontinence, neurogenic detrusor oeractivity (detrusor hyperflexia), idiopathic detrusor overactivity (detrusor instability), benign prostatic hyperplasia, and lower urinary tract symptoms.
11. The medicament as claimed in claim 6 for the treatment and/or prevention of pain.
12. The medicament as claimed in claim 11, wherein said pain is chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, or rheumatoid arthritic pain.
13. The medicament as claimed in claim 6 for the treatment and/or prevention of a disorder or disease related to pain.
14. The medicament as claimed in claim 13, wherein said disorder or disease realted to pain is neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration, or stroke.
15. The medicament as claimed in claim 6 for the treatment and/or prevention of an inflammatory disorder or disease.
16. The medicament as claimed in claim 15, wherein said inflammatory disorder or disease is asthma or COPD or allergic rhinitis.
17. Use of compounds according to claim 1 for manufacturing a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of an urological disorder or disease.
18. Use of compounds according to claim 1 for manufacturing a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of pain.
19. Use of compounds according to claim 1 for manufacturing a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of an inflammatory disorder or disease.
20. Process for controlling an urological disorder or disease in humans and animals by administration of a VRl -antagonistically effective amount of at least one compound according to claim 1.
21. Process for controlling pain in humans and animals by administration of a VR1- antagonistically effective amount of at least one compound according to claim 1.
22. Process for controlling an inflammatory disorder or disease in humans and animals by administration of a VRl -antagonistically effective amount of at least one compound according to claim 1.
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