WO2005068088A1 - Apparatus and methods for deoxidizing metal surfaces - Google Patents
Apparatus and methods for deoxidizing metal surfaces Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005068088A1 WO2005068088A1 PCT/US2003/040200 US0340200W WO2005068088A1 WO 2005068088 A1 WO2005068088 A1 WO 2005068088A1 US 0340200 W US0340200 W US 0340200W WO 2005068088 A1 WO2005068088 A1 WO 2005068088A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0223—Composites
- H01M8/0228—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/08—Iron or steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/08—Iron or steel
- C23G1/081—Iron or steel solutions containing H2SO4
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/08—Iron or steel
- C23G1/086—Iron or steel solutions containing HF
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/14—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with alkaline solutions
- C23G1/16—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with alkaline solutions using inhibitors
- C23G1/18—Organic inhibitors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
- C23G3/02—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material for cleaning wires, strips, filaments continuously
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
- C23G3/02—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material for cleaning wires, strips, filaments continuously
- C23G3/021—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material for cleaning wires, strips, filaments continuously by dipping
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
- C23G3/02—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material for cleaning wires, strips, filaments continuously
- C23G3/023—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material for cleaning wires, strips, filaments continuously by spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
- C23G3/02—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material for cleaning wires, strips, filaments continuously
- C23G3/024—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material for cleaning wires, strips, filaments continuously by a combination of dipping and spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
- C23G3/02—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material for cleaning wires, strips, filaments continuously
- C23G3/027—Associated apparatus, e.g. for pretreating or after-treating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F1/00—Electrolytic cleaning, degreasing, pickling or descaling
- C25F1/02—Pickling; Descaling
- C25F1/04—Pickling; Descaling in solution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F1/00—Electrolytic cleaning, degreasing, pickling or descaling
- C25F1/02—Pickling; Descaling
- C25F1/04—Pickling; Descaling in solution
- C25F1/06—Iron or steel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0221—Organic resins; Organic polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to methods for deoxidizing surfaces of a metal such as stainless steel, aluminum, or titanium. More specifically, the invention relates to methods for deoxidizing such surfaces sufficiently so that the deoxidized metal may be suitable for use in the fabrication of bipolar plates for fuel cell applications.
- Fuel cells are known sources of electrical energy. As an individual fuel cell typically produces insufficient electrical energy for any practical application, fuel cells are typically combined to form a fuel cell stack. Bipolar plates are typically employed to conduct current from cell to cell, and to provide channels for gas flow into the stack. In a typical fuel cell stack, a number of bipolar plates are stacked alternatively with diffusion media, in an anode-medium-cathode-medium-anode arrangement, and then placed under pressure to seal the interfaces. Thus, a bipolar plate may serve as an electrode for each of two adjoining fuel cells. The electrical output required from the fuel cell stack determines the number of cells, and therefore, the number of bipolar plates needed.
- the 769 patent which is entitled “Corrosion resistant PEM fuel cell,” discloses a PEM fuel cell having electrical contact elements (including bipolar plates) comprising a titanium nitride coated light weight metal (e.g., Al or Ti) core, having a protective metal layer intermediate the core and the titanium nitride.
- the protective layer is susceptible to oxidation in the operating environment of the fuel cell so as to form a barrier to further corrosion at sites where the layer is exposed to such environment. Oxides formed on the protective metal layer have relatively low electrical resistivity so as not to substantially increase the internal resistance of the fuel cell.
- An oxide layer is native on exposed surfaces of the bipolar plate before any such protective layer is deposited on the plate.
- Oxide layer thickness is directly related to the potential drop across the interface of stainless steel, aluminum, and titanium (most oxides in fact). Reduction of these potential, and correlated IR, drops tend to improve fuel cell efficiency. Therefore, to improve conductivity, it is desirable to control (i.e., limit, reduce) the thickness of the oxide layer.
- material to be used for the fabrication of bipolar plates is deoxidized electrochemically. Materials that have been deoxidized by electrochemical activation for use in the fabrication of bipolar plates are known to have -10 mV potential drop for the electrode couple at 1 A/cm 2 . Electrochemical activation, however, is known to take a relatively long time.
- Methods according to the invention for deoxidizing a surface of a metal strip include contacting a surface of the metal strip with one or more chemical solutions until a potential drop across a thickness of the metal strip is less than a pre-selected value.
- the surface of the metal strip may be contacted for a first period of time with a first chemical solution having a pH of about 10-1-4.
- the first chemical solution comprises a phosphate source and an organic chelant.
- the surface of the metal strip may be contacted for a second period of time with a second chemical solution having a pH of about 1-3.
- the second chemical solution comprises sulfuric acid, surfactants, and, optionally, a fluoride source.
- the surface of the metal strip may be immersed in the chemical solutions, or the chemical solutions may be applied to the surface of the metal strip, such as by spraying or rolling, for example. At least a portion of the metal strip may then be coated with a conductive organic coating. The surface of the metal strip may be rinsed with a dilute acidic rinse before the organic coating is applied. The surface may then be rinsed with water.
- the surface of the metal strip is exposed to the chemical solutions in a coil coating process.
- the metal strip may be uncoiled and provided to a chemical application unit that causes the first chemical solution to contact the surface of the metal strip.
- the metal strip may be rinsed, with warm water, for example.
- the second chemical solution may then be applied to the surface of the metal strip.
- the strip may then be rinsed again in a dilute acidic rinse, and then a water rinse.
- a conductive organic coating may then be applied to the surface of the metal strip, and the metal strip re-coiled for shipment.
- the surface of the metal strip may be exposed to one or more of the chemical solutions until the potential drop over the thickness of the metal strip is less than 15 mV, for example.
- the metal strip may be suitable for use in the manufacture of bipolar plates for fuel cell applications. Bipolar plates fabricated using a metal strip processed according to the inventive methods and fuel cells comprising such bipolar plates are also disclosed and claimed.
- FIG. 1 depicts an example embodiment of a coil coating process that may be used in conjunction with the principles of the invention.
- FIG. 2 depicts an example embodiment of a chemical application system that may be used in conjunction with the principles of the invention.
- FIG. 3 depicts an example test sample that may be used in testing the methods of the invention.
- DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS According to the invention, a process, such as a coil coating process, for example, may be used to deoxidize a metal strip sufficiently so that a potential drop across the deoxidized strip is sufficiently low that the material may be suitable for the fabrication of bipolar plates for use in fuel cell applications.
- a coil coating process may be used to apply one or more chemicals to one or more surfaces of a metal strip.
- Coil coating is a known, automated, continuous process for coating metal before the metal is used for fabrication of an end product.
- An example of a coil coating process used in accordance with the invention is depicted in FIG. 1.
- a coiled strip of bare metal 102 may be uncoiled at step A.
- the metal strip 102 may be observed for defects.
- the end of a first metal strip may be spliced to the beginning of a second metal strip in order to provide a continuous metal strip for subsequent processing.
- the metal strip 102 is enabled to accumulate before entry into the remaining steps of the process. Accumulation is desirable to provide slack (and, therefore, time) for the strips to be spliced.
- the metal strip 102 is provided to a chemical application system 110, wherein it may be cleaned and chemically treated in preparation for coating. Such processes as metal degreasing, cleaning, rinsing, and chemical pretreatment, for example, may be performed. Brushes may be used to physically remove contaminants from the strip, or the metal may be abraded by flap sanders to further enhance the surface. Pretreatments may be used to provide the bond between the metal and the coating, in addition to adding any corrosion resistance. The type of chemical pretreatment used may vary with the type of metal being used.
- one or more chemical solutions may be applied to the metal strip until a potential drop across a thickness of the metal strip is less than a pre-selected value.
- chemical solutions are applied until the potential drop across the thickness of the metal strip is less than 15 mV at a current density of 1 ampere per square centimeter.
- a first chemical solution having a pH of between 10 and 14
- a second chemical solution having a pH of between 1 and 3
- the solutions may be applied by spraying or rolling the solution onto the surface of the strip, or by submersing the surface of the strip in the solution.
- the chemically treated metal strip 104 may continue through a drying oven 120.
- the metal strip 104 continues through a coating unit 130, where at least a portion of the surface may be coated with a conductive organic coating.
- the conductive organic coating may be a protective coating, paint, or adhesive. Such coatings are well-known.
- the coated metal strip 106 continues through a curing oven 140 wherein the coating is cured.
- the coated metal strip 106 is enabled to accumulate for recoiling and cutting, which occurs at step I. FIG.
- a first chemical solution 10 is applied to either or both sides of the metal strip 102 for a first predefined period of time. As shown, the first chemical solution 10 is applied by spraying, though it could be applied by rolling or immersing the strip in the solution. A reservoir 12 may be provided to catch the runoff solution, which may then be pumped back to the sprayer 14.
- the first chemical solution 10 is an alkaline solution, having a pH of between 10 and 14, and including a phosphate source and an organic chelant.
- a solution is a 5% solution of PARCO Cleaner (PC) 1200, which is an alkaline phosphated cleaner manufactured and sold by Henkel Corporation.
- PC PARCO Cleaner
- the metal strip 102 may then be rinsed using a first rinsing agent 16, such as warm water, which may be applied by a sprayer 18, as shown.
- a reservoir 20 may be may be provided to catch the runoff rinsing agent, which may then be pumped back to the sprayer 18.
- the first rinsing agent 16 is applied by spraying, though it could be applied by rolling or immersing the strip in the rinsing agent.
- a second chemical solution 22 may then be applied to either or both sides of the metal strip 102 for a second predefined period of time.
- the second chemical solution 22 is applied by immersing the strip in the solution, which is contained in a bath 24.
- the second chemical solution 22 may be applied by rolling or spraying the solution 22 onto the surface of the strip 102.
- the second chemical solution 22 is an acidic solution, having a pH of between 1 and 3.
- An example of such a solution is a 3% solution of RIDOLENE 123, which includes a combination of sulfuric acid and surfactants, and is manufactured and sold by Henkel Corporation.
- the second chemical solution 22 may include fluoride (e.g., in the form of HF).
- the metal strip 102 may then be rinsed using a second rinsing agent 24, which is preferably a dilute acidic rinse, such as sulfuric acid diluted in water, for example, having a pH of about 5.
- a dilute acidic rinse is preferred to prevent a drastic pH change after application of the second chemical solution 22.
- a reservoir 26 may be may be provided to catch the runoff rinsing agent, which may then be pumped back to the sprayer 28.
- the rinsing agent 24 is applied by spraying, though it could be applied by rolling or immersing the strip 102 in the rinsing agent 24.
- a final rinse such as a water rinse (not shown), may then be used to remove any remaining soluble salts that may have formed on the surface of the metal strip.
- FIG. 2 depicts application of two chemical solutions, it should be understood that any number of chemical solutions may be applied to the surface of the metal strip in order to achieve the desired potential drop.
- Combinations of chemical solutions applied in a test environment, and the corresponding potential drops achieved are provided in Table 1.
- Principles of the invention were tested in accordance with the so-called "through-plane electrical conductivity" test. This test provides a simple, fast, and accurate way to compare different bipolar plates, without the costs associated with building an actual fuel cell stack. Testing was performed on a sample that was subjected to various pressures similar to those that would be applied in an actual fuel cell.
- FIG. 1 depicts application of two chemical solutions, it should be understood that any number of chemical solutions may be applied to the surface of the metal strip in order to achieve the desired potential drop.
- Combinations of chemical solutions applied in a test environment, and the corresponding potential drops achieved are provided in Table 1.
- Principles of the invention were tested in accordance with the so-called "through-plane electrical conductivity" test. This test provides
- FIG. 3 depicts a cross-section of such a test sample 60, which includes a layer of a diffusion medium 40, such as a carbon fiber felt paper, sandwiched between two generally flat, uncoated metal plates 50A, 50B.
- a diffusion medium 40 such as a carbon fiber felt paper
- the metal plates were produced according to the inventive method described above. That is, the several plates were successively contacted by each of the one or more chemicals listed in the first column of the table, in the order given, for the times given, at the temperature given.
- the samples were formed by sandwiching a layer of carbon felt paper between a pair of plates so manufactured. Samples of about six inches by 12 inches were used. The plates used were about 5 mils thick; the carbon felt paper was about 1 mm thick.
- a current density of 1 A/cm 2 was applied to the sample using a 3 cm x 3 cm platen brought into contact with the metal plates. Voltage drop across the medium/plate interface 62 was measured, and is provided in the third column. Similarly, voltage drop across the plate/medium interface 64 was measured, and is provided in the fourth column. Total voltage drop for the sample 60 was measured, and is provided in the fifth column. Table I provides test data for each sample over a range of applied forces.
- sample 1 comprising a layer of carbon felt paper sandwiched between two plates of untreated 316 stainless steel was tested at 1500, 2300, and 5000 psi. The results showed that even at 2300 psi, the total potential drop across the sample exceeded 1 V.
- sample 2 the plates were treated with a 5% solution of PC 1200 for 15 seconds at 160° F.
- sample 3 the plates were treated with a 5% solution of PC 1200 for 20 seconds at 160° F.
- sample 4 the plates were treated with a 5% solution of PC 1200 for 10 seconds at 160° F, and then brushed (i.e., the plates were physically abraded).
- the potential drop across the sample is in the range of about 150 to about 800 mV.
- the plates were treated with a 3% solution of Ridolene 123, with no HF, for 10 seconds at 150° F.
- the potential drop across the sample is in the range of about 13 to about 22 mV.
- treatment with a 3% solution of Ridolene 123, with no HF, for 10 seconds, at 150° F provides metal that may be suitable for use in the fabrication of bipolar plates for a fuel cell application.
- the plates were treated with a 5% solution of PC 1200 for 10 seconds, rinsed with warm water, and then treated with a 3% solution of Ridolene 123, with no HF, for 10 seconds, at 150° F.
- the potential drop across the sample is in the range of about 10 to about 14 mV.
- treatment with a 5% solution of PC 1200 for 10 seconds, followed by treatment with a 3% solution of Ridolene 123, with no HF, for 10 seconds, at 150° F provides metal that may be suitable for use in the fabrication of bipolar plates for a fuel cell application.
- the plates were treated with a 3% solution of Ridolene 123, with 284 ppm of fluoride, for 10 seconds, at 150° F.
- the potential drop across the sample is in the range of about 7 to about 11 mV.
- treatment with a 3% solution of Ridolene 123, with 284 ppm of fluoride, for 10 seconds, at 150° F provides metal that may be suitable for use in the fabrication of bipolar plates for a fuel cell application.
- the plates were treated with a 5% solution of PC 1200 for 10 seconds, rinsed with warm water, and then treated with a 3% solution of Ridolene 123, with 284 ppm of fluoride, for 10 seconds, at 150° F.
- the potential drop across the sample is in the range of about 6 to about 9 mV.
- treatment with a 5% solution of PC 1200 for 10 seconds, followed by treatment with a 3% solution of Ridolene 123, with 284 ppm of fluoride, for 10 seconds, at 150° F provides metal that may be suitable for use in the fabrication of bipolar plates for a fuel cell application.
- the plates were treated with a 5% solution of PC 1200 for 10 seconds, rinsed with warm water, and then treated with a 3% solution of Ridolene 123, with 568 ppm of fluoride, for 10 seconds, at 150° F.
- the potential drop across the sample is in the range of about 9 to about 12 mV.
- treatment with a 5% solution of PC 1200 for 10 seconds, followed by treatment with a 3% solution of Ridolene 123, with 568 ppm of fluoride, for 10 seconds, at 150° F provides metal that may be suitable for use in the fabrication of bipolar plates for a fuel cell application.
- the plates were treated with a 5% solution of PC 1200 for 10 seconds, rinsed with warm water, and then treated with a 3% solution of Ridolene 123, with 568 ppm of fluoride, for 10 seconds, at 150° F.
- the potential drop across the sample is in the range of about 11 to about 14 mV.
- treatment with a 5% solution of PC 1200 for 10 seconds, followed by treatment with a 3% solution of Ridolene 123, with 568 ppm of fluoride, for 10 seconds, at 150° F provides metal that may be suitable for use in the fabrication of bipolar plates for a fuel cell application, even after sitting in air for 20 minutes.
- the test results provided in Table I shows that a coil coating process may be used to fabricate a metal plate having a sufficiently low potential drop across it such that the plate that may be suitable for use as a bipolar plate in a fuel cell.
- Such a process may be performed in just a few seconds, as compared with the 45 minutes or so required by conventional electrochemical activation techniques.
- test data demonstrates that the methods of the invention are viable for producing metal suitable for use in fuel cell applications.
- the method parameters e.g., the types of chemical solutions and rinses applied, application times, temperature, the order in which the solutions are applied, chemical concentrations, and the like
- the method parameters are expected to vary according to the type of metal used and the desired limits on potential drop.
- a contoured piece may be stamped out of the coated metal strip. Two such contoured pieces may be put together to form a bipolar plate having an interior region for containing a cooling fluid and an exterior for contact with the diffusion media.
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002554791A CA2554791A1 (en) | 2003-12-18 | 2003-12-18 | Apparatus and methods for deoxidizing metal surfaces |
EP03819278A EP1701806A4 (en) | 2003-12-18 | 2003-12-18 | Apparatus and methods for deoxidizing metal surfaces |
AU2003297306A AU2003297306A1 (en) | 2003-12-18 | 2003-12-18 | Apparatus and methods for deoxidizing metal surfaces |
PCT/US2003/040200 WO2005068088A1 (en) | 2003-12-18 | 2003-12-18 | Apparatus and methods for deoxidizing metal surfaces |
US11/454,667 US8142841B2 (en) | 2003-12-18 | 2006-06-16 | Apparatus and methods for deoxidizing metal surfaces |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/US2003/040200 WO2005068088A1 (en) | 2003-12-18 | 2003-12-18 | Apparatus and methods for deoxidizing metal surfaces |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/454,667 Continuation US8142841B2 (en) | 2003-12-18 | 2006-06-16 | Apparatus and methods for deoxidizing metal surfaces |
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WO2005068088A1 true WO2005068088A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
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PCT/US2003/040200 WO2005068088A1 (en) | 2003-12-18 | 2003-12-18 | Apparatus and methods for deoxidizing metal surfaces |
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EP (1) | EP1701806A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003297306A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2554791A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005068088A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3632447A (en) * | 1969-05-24 | 1972-01-04 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Metal-treating process |
US5108544A (en) * | 1989-10-19 | 1992-04-28 | Hakansson Lars A H | Method for pickling iron and steel surfaces |
US20020155333A1 (en) * | 2001-01-19 | 2002-10-24 | Fitts Bruce B. | Apparatus and method for electrochemical cell components |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4157941A (en) * | 1977-06-03 | 1979-06-12 | Ford Motor Company | Method of adherency of electrodeposits on light weight metals |
JPH0432583A (en) * | 1990-05-29 | 1992-02-04 | Furukawa Alum Co Ltd | Production of al sheet having superior coatability |
JPH11345618A (en) * | 1998-06-03 | 1999-12-14 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Coating metal separator material for solid polymer fuel cell |
JP3783995B2 (en) * | 1999-05-12 | 2006-06-07 | 日本パーカライジング株式会社 | Magnesium alloy surface treatment method |
US20050037935A1 (en) * | 2003-08-11 | 2005-02-17 | Abd Elhamid Mahmoud H. | Composition and method for surface treatment of oxidized metal |
US7396559B2 (en) * | 2003-08-11 | 2008-07-08 | General Motors Corporation | Method of making an electrically conductive element for use in a fuel cell |
-
2003
- 2003-12-18 AU AU2003297306A patent/AU2003297306A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-18 EP EP03819278A patent/EP1701806A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-12-18 CA CA002554791A patent/CA2554791A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-18 WO PCT/US2003/040200 patent/WO2005068088A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3632447A (en) * | 1969-05-24 | 1972-01-04 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Metal-treating process |
US5108544A (en) * | 1989-10-19 | 1992-04-28 | Hakansson Lars A H | Method for pickling iron and steel surfaces |
US20020155333A1 (en) * | 2001-01-19 | 2002-10-24 | Fitts Bruce B. | Apparatus and method for electrochemical cell components |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP1701806A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2554791A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
AU2003297306A1 (en) | 2005-08-03 |
EP1701806A4 (en) | 2008-09-24 |
EP1701806A1 (en) | 2006-09-20 |
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