WO2005040273A1 - Verfahren zur oberflächenvergütung von werkstoffen durch aufbringen insbesondere transparenter schichten auf basis von polymethacrylaten - Google Patents
Verfahren zur oberflächenvergütung von werkstoffen durch aufbringen insbesondere transparenter schichten auf basis von polymethacrylatenInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005040273A1 WO2005040273A1 PCT/EP2004/007280 EP2004007280W WO2005040273A1 WO 2005040273 A1 WO2005040273 A1 WO 2005040273A1 EP 2004007280 W EP2004007280 W EP 2004007280W WO 2005040273 A1 WO2005040273 A1 WO 2005040273A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- parts
- meth
- polymers
- polymethacrylate
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/12—Chemical modification
- C08J7/16—Chemical modification with polymerisable compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09D133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C09D133/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
- C09D133/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/26—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using curing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09D133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C09D133/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/04—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
- C08L27/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/16—Homopolymers or copolymers or vinylidene fluoride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/16—Two dimensionally sectional layer
- Y10T428/163—Next to unitary web or sheet of equal or greater extent
- Y10T428/164—Continuous two dimensionally sectional layer
- Y10T428/167—Cellulosic sections [e.g., parquet floor, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
- Y10T428/23986—With coating, impregnation, or bond
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24033—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including stitching and discrete fastener[s], coating or bond
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
- Y10T428/2852—Adhesive compositions
- Y10T428/2874—Adhesive compositions including aldehyde or ketone condensation polymer [e.g., urea formaldehyde polymer, melamine formaldehyde polymer, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31935—Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31938—Polymer of monoethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2861—Coated or impregnated synthetic organic fiber fabric
- Y10T442/291—Coated or impregnated polyolefin fiber fabric
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to a method of making composites.
- the invention is concerned with a method for surface treatment of materials by means of polymethacrylate layers.
- the polymer layers based on polymethacrylates used for surface treatment are produced from certain polymethacrylate copolymers and applied in a specific manner to the substrates.
- Surface-tempered materials provide highly desirable properties, in particular high transparency, scratch resistance and weather resistance.
- An ideal protective layer adheres well to the substrate, while being hard and flexible, resistant to weathering, solvents, abrasion and heat. It is difficult to achieve the optimum of all these properties, since the improvement of one property is usually at the expense of others. Particularly in the processing and shaping of already surface-treated substrates, a high elasticity and adhesion is desirable in order to prevent the protective layer from flaking off at the kinks. At the same time, the protective layer should be hard enough to be resistant to mechanical effects.
- Adhesives are introduced in EP911148, which are provided with “reactive monomers” and are suitable for the adhesion of LCP films to polyethylene substrates .
- the multiple films are heated above the melting point of the highest-melting single component, thus intimately fusing the individual films together to reach.
- EP271068 reports blends of polyvinyl fluoride and PMMA-GMA copolymers which are laminated at elevated temperatures to modified styrenic polymer sheets.
- DE 10010533 proposes a multilayer film consisting of two layers, the first layer being acrylic resin and the second layer each a copolymer of either an acrylic resin and an olefin-based copolymer obtained by copolymerizing an olefin and at least one monomer from, for example, unsaturated carboxylic acids, carboxylic anhydrides or glycidyl-containing monomers.
- This film is said to have excellent melt adhesion to polyolefin-based resin substrates.
- two polymer layers are laminated together and then applied to the polyolefin resin to be laminated with the "reactive monomers" -containing side, for example by means of an adhesive molding process.
- metal sheets with triple layers of thermoplastic resins are laminated such that during the extrusion coating process a temperature of at least 30 ° C is set above the glass transition temperature of the inner resin layer.
- Japanese application H9-193189 like DE10010533, describes a multilayer composite of a first layer consisting of a thermoplastic PMMA polymer, a second layer consisting of a reactive-modified polyolefin and a third layer which is composed of a colored olefin polymer.
- the object of the present invention was therefore to specify a further process for the surface treatment of materials and the composite materials produced by means of this process.
- the method should enable the person skilled in particular to be able to apply a polymethacrylate-based protective layer (capstock) in as simple and efficient a manner as possible to a large number of substrate materials, with the advantageous and desired properties mentioned above being fully developed as far as possible.
- Particular attention should be paid to the fact that the variability of substrate materials is not at the expense of the efficiency and manageability of the method used according to the invention on an industrial scale.
- the object is achieved by a method having the features of present claim 1.
- Preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention can be taken from the subclaims dependent on claim 1.
- Claim 5 protects the composites thus produced.
- Ri is hydrogen or methyl
- R 2 is a linear or branched alkyl radical or cycloalkyl radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or phenyl or naphthyl; C) 0 to 40% by weight of another unsaturated monomer different from aA) and aB) but copolymerizable with the same and wherein (aA ) to (aC) together give 100 wt .-%, and to 100 parts by weight of this polymerized mixture 0-80 parts by weight of other polymers and customary additions in amounts of 0 to 150 parts by weight are added; and b.
- Ri is hydrogen or methyl
- R 2 represents a linear or branched alkyl radical or cycloalkyl radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or represents phenyl or naphthyl
- the formation of the active chemical crosslinking of the polymer layer with the substrate is carried out by the elevated temperature during the annealing process, wherein in addition to the structure of chemical bonds and a certain interpenetration of substrate and polymer layer (especially in porous, rough or fibrous substrate materials) can support adhesion support.
- Component aA) is an essential component. It is methyl methacrylate, which is 20 to 100 percent by weight of the polymerizable mixture a. makes up, from which the polymer layer is available. If their proportion is 100% by weight, this mixture is PMMA homopolymer. If the proportion is less than 100% by weight, there is a co- or terpolymer of 3 or more types of monomers. The polymerized mixture a. is then a co- or terpolymer.
- the component aB) is accordingly optional. It is an acrylic or methacrylic acid ester, which is different from methyl methacrylate.
- Linear or branched (C 1 -C 8 ) -alkyl radical is understood as meaning a range of alkyl radicals which extends from methyl through ethyl through to a radical comprising 18 C atoms. Also included are all binding isomers that are conceivable within the group. Particular mention may be made of butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate and naphthyl methacrylate.
- (meth) acrylate in the context of the invention means acrylate and / or methacrylate.
- the polymerizable component a.C) for obtaining the polymethacrylate layer is optional.
- a.A) and a.B) different monomers the skilled person understands e.g. Styrene and its derivatives, vinyl esters such.
- the polymerized mixtures contain a. or b. usually still known per se in amounts of up to 150 parts by weight (per 100 parts by weight of aA) - aC) or bA) and bB)). Mention may be made, for example, of calcium carbonate (chalk), titanium dioxide, titanium dioxide, calcium oxide, perlite, precipitated and coated chalks as rheologically active additives, and, if appropriate, thixotropic agents, such as, for example, As fumed silica. The grain size is usually in the range 5 to 25 microns.
- the mixture a. or b.
- the polymerized mixtures a. and / or b. It is also possible for other components or polymers, such as impact modifiers and impact-modified PMMA molding compositions, to be mixed in (DE3842796 and DE19813001).
- the polymeric mixtures contain a. and / or b.
- PVDF polyvinylidene difluorides
- PVC polyethylenes
- polyesters polyamides
- WO0037237 very particular preference is given to the use of vinylidene fluoride-based fluoropolymers in this context.
- Component b.A) comprises the sum of components a.A) and a.B).
- adhesion-enhancing monomers as constituents of the polymethacrylates are understood as meaning those radically polymerizable monomers which have functional groups which interact with the materials to be coated Such an interaction should at least be due to a chemical (covalent) bond and may also be supported, for example, by hydrogen bonding, complexation, dipole forces or thermodynamic compatibility (entanglement of the polymer chains) and the like
- functional groups include the amino, in particular the dialkylamino, (cyclic) amide, imide, hydroxyl, (Ep) oxy, carboxyl, (iso) cyano groups.
- Such monomers are known per se (compare H. Rauch Puntigam, Th.
- the adhesion-enhancing monomers therefore belong to the monomeric class of nitrogen-containing vinylheterocycles having preferably 5-membered rings in addition to 6-membered rings, and / or the copolymerizable vinylic carboxylic acids and / or the hydroxyalkyl-, alkoxyalkyl-, epoxy-, and aminoalkyl-substituted esters or amides of Fumar - or maleic or itaconic or acrylic and methacrylic acid.
- nitrogen-heterocyclic monomers especially those from the class of vinylimidazoles, vinyllactams, vinylcarbazoles and vinylpyridines may be mentioned.
- N-vinyl-imidazole also called vinyl-1-imidazole
- N-vinyl-methyl-2-imidazole N-vinyl-ethyl-2-imidazole
- N-vinyl-2-imidazole Vinyl-phenyl-2-imidazole, N-vinyl-dimethyl-2,4-imidazole, N-vinyl-benzimidazole, N-vinylimidazoline (also called vinyl-1-imidazoline), N-vinyl-methyl-2-imidazoline, N Vinylphenyl-2-imidazoline and vinyl-2-imidazole.
- N-vinylpyrrolidone N-vinylmethyl-5-pyrrolidone, N-vinylmethyl-3-pyrrolidone, N-vinylethyl-5-pyrrolidone, N Vinyldimethyl-5,5-pyrrolidone, N-vinylphenyl-5-pyrrolidone, N-allylpyrrolidone, N-vinylthiopyrrolidone, N-vinylpiperidone, N-vinyldiethyl-6,6-piperidone, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-vinylmethyl-7-caprolactam , N-vinylethyl-7-caprolactam, N-vinyldimethyl-7,7-caprolactam, N-allylcaprolactam, N-vinylcapryllactam.
- N-vinylcarbazole N-allylcarbazole, N-butenylcarbazole, N-hexenylcarbazole and N- (methyl-1-ethylene) carbazole.
- copolymerizable vinylic carboxylic acids maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid or suitable salts, esters or amides thereof may be mentioned in particular.
- epoxy-, oxy- or alkoxy-substituted alkyl esters of (meth) acrylic acid may also be mentioned: glycidyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl ( meth) acrylate, 2-butoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2- (2-butoxyethoxy) ethyl methacrylate, 2- (ethoxyethyloxy) ethyl (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 2- [2- (2- Ethoxyethoxy) ethoxy] ethyl (meth) acrylate, 3-methoxybutyl-1- (meth) acrylate, 2-alkoxymethylethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hexoxyethyl (meth) acrylate
- reactive monomers selected from the group consisting of GMA (glycidyl methacrylate), maleic acid derivatives such as maleic acid, maleic anhydride (MSA), methylmaleic anhydride, maleimide, methylmaleimide, maleic acid amides (MSA), phenylmaleimide and cyclohexylmaleimide, fumaric acid derivatives, methacrylic anhydride, acrylic anhydride in the Mixture used.
- GMA glycol methacrylate
- maleic acid derivatives such as maleic acid, maleic anhydride (MSA), methylmaleic anhydride, maleimide, methylmaleimide, maleic acid amides (MSA), phenylmaleimide and cyclohexylmaleimide
- fumaric acid derivatives methacrylic anhydride, acrylic anhydride in the Mixture used.
- the ratio of the polymerized monomer mixtures a. and b. in the polymethacrylate-based surface finish can be selected by the skilled person and adapted to the surface to be protected.
- component a. be present in excess in the polymerized layer for cost reasons.
- Particularly preferred is the use of 50-99 wt .-% of the polymerized mixture a. compared to b.
- Particularly preferably, the ratio a. : b. at 60-90: 40-10 wt .-% are.
- Very particular preference is given to a mixture of the polymers a. to b. from 75-85 to 25-15% by weight.
- the composition is further shown preferred polymer layers:
- a.A 20-100% by weight, preferably 30-100% by weight, particularly preferably 40-99% by weight
- a.B 0-80% by weight, preferably 0-70% by weight, particularly preferably 1-60% by weight
- a.C 0-40% by weight, preferably 0-35% by weight, particularly preferably 0-32% by weight
- b.A 20-99% by weight, preferably 30-99% by weight, particularly preferably 40-98% by weight
- b.B 1-80% by weight, preferably 1-70% by weight, particularly preferably 2-60% by weight
- Additives to b. 1-150 parts by weight, preferably 0-100 parts by weight, particularly preferably 0-50 parts by weight.
- the polymer mixtures mentioned can be individually polymerized by methods known to those skilled in the art, blended and finally used for surface treatment.
- the application of the polymer layer thus produced to the substrate can in turn be carried out according to the method known to those skilled in the art, but a sufficient temperature is set for sufficient formation of the covalent surface bonds and the interpenetration of the surface polymer strands into the substrate. This is usually above the glass transition temperature of the polymer layer to be applied. In particular, it is advantageous if this temperature is set significantly above the glass transition temperature (TG), ie a temperature of> T G + 20 ° C, more preferably of> T G + 50 ° C and most preferably of> T G +80 ° C.
- TG glass transition temperature
- Preferred methods of applying the surface treatment can be found in the general knowledge (Henson, Plastics Extrusion Technology, Hanser Publishers, 2 nd Edition, 1997).
- Preferred application methods of the polymethacrylate layer in the form of a melt include coextrusion coating or melt coating.
- the surface coating in the form of a film the colamination, the extrusion lamination, the gluing, coil coating, cladding or high-pressure lamination can be carried out.
- an adhesive between the polymethacrylate-based protective layer to be applied and the material that is, to treat the material on the protective layer side with an adhesive before applying the protective layer.
- This is particularly necessary if the material to be tempered is insufficient or not at all capable of forming chemical bonds to the polymethacrylate surface-coating layer.
- the invention is understood in such cases as a material to be tempered, the original material together with adhesive.
- Such an adhesive should be such that it forms reactive interactions with the protective layer such that covalent bonds between the protective layer and the adhesive result.
- adhesives are known in principle to the person skilled in the art. Preferred adhesive materials are proposed in Römpp Chemie Lexikon, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, 9th edition, 1990, volume 3, p. 2252ff. Particularly preferred within the scope of the invention are adhesives selected from the group comprising GMA-modified polyolefins, e.g. Elvalloy® AS, Dupont, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (e.g., Mormelt® 902, Rohm and Haas Co.).
- GMA-modified polyolefins e.g. Elvalloy® AS, Dupont
- ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers e.g., Mormelt® 902, Rohm and Haas Co.
- the polymer layers can be applied to all materials which are suitable for this purpose.
- Preferred materials to be selected are: wood, wood veneer, paper, other polymeric materials such as polyolefins, polystyrenes, polyvinyls, polyesters, polyamides, artificial or natural rubbers, metals, thermoset materials such as high pressure pressed sheet.
- the substrate materials may be in the form of foil, foil blank, plate or plate blank. Particularly noteworthy in this context are substrate materials such as polyethylene fabrics which are e.g. used in the foil greenhouse industry.
- Highly preferred composites made in accordance with the present invention include high pressure decorative laminates (HPL) according to EN 438-6 which consist of layers of fibrous webs (e.g., paper) impregnated with curable resins which are bonded together by the high pressure process described below.
- the surface layer of the material having decorative colors or patterns on one or both sides are coated with aminoplast-based resins, e.g. Melamine resins, impregnated.
- the amino or methylolamino groups present in the decorative layer during the high-pressure process then serve as reaction partners for covalent bonding to the polymethacrylate layer (in this case films) for surface treatment.
- the polymethacrylate layer applied according to the invention is permanently bonded to the decorative layer during the high-pressure process. Due to the temperature set in the process and the associated interpenetration of melaminhazgetränkten decor paper in the film, the sufficient formation of covalent bonds and thus a permanent connection to the material is ensured.
- the high pressure process is defined as the simultaneous application of heat (temperature greater than or equal to 120 ° C) and high pressure (greater than or equal to 7 MPa), causing the curable resins to flow and then cure to form a homogeneous, non-porous, increased density material ( at least 1.35 g / cm 3 ) and the required surface structure.
- a suitable, in particular transparent, outer layer or coating for the purpose of surface treatment is added, in particular in outdoor applications, in order to establish value and light protection properties.
- the polymers and copolymers which can be used as constituents of the polymethacrylate layer according to the invention are bulk polymers, solution polymers, emulsion or suspension polymers with, if appropriate, bimodal or multimodal distribution of the particle size.
- a bimorphic, multimodal or multimodal distribution of the primary particle sizes of the polymethacrylate layer according to the invention is present when a sample of the polymer and copolymer used as or in the polymethacrylate layer is analyzed using the PIDS method with the Coulter LS230 laser particle analyzer taking into account the optical parameter of the particles and the suspension liquid has (at least) two peaks in the distribution spectrum.
- the size distribution of primary particles in dispersions is taken as the basis. After drying the dispersions, the primary particles from the dispersion may be agglomerated to secondary particles having a different particle size distribution.
- the bimodal or multimodal bulk polymers, solution polymers, emulsion or suspension polymers and copolymers of the polymethacrylate layer can be obtained in principle by polymerization of monomers to give polymers with bimodal or multimodal particle size distribution or by mixing two or more suitable monomodal bulk polymers, solution polymers, emulsion or Suspension polymers that differ in particle size distribution.
- the monomodal polymers may be polymers which are obtained directly by bulk, solution, emulsion or suspension polymerization, but it is also possible to use fractions of these polymers which have been obtained, for example, by removal, for example in a sieving process .
- a variant for obtaining a bimodal or multimodal polymer mixture for a polymethacrylate layer according to the invention thus provides for the mixing of two or more monomodally distributed dispersions.
- the dispersion mixture can be dried in a known manner, for example by spray drying, so as to isolate the polymethacrylate.
- the required dispersion with particles of bi- or multimodal size distribution may be advantageous to directly prepare the required dispersion with particles of bi- or multimodal size distribution by growing monomer to the different seed latices by suitable choice of different seed latices.
- the mixing of monomodal dispersions is clearly preferred.
- the mixture of the dispersions can be used to obtain the polymers and copolymers z. B. spray dried.
- Other ways to isolate particles from dispersions come into question.
- a further improvement in the properties of polymethacrylate layers according to the invention can be achieved inter alia by the molecular weight of the reactive polymers and copolymers used.
- a preferred variant provides that the weight-average molecular weight M w of the polymers and / or copolymers of the "reactive monomers" -containing (meth) acrylates is in the range from 10,000 to> 200,000 g / mol.
- the weight average molecular weight M w of a polymer is determined for the purposes of the invention by means of SEC or GPC (size exclusion chromatography or gel permeation chromatography) over polystyrene standards.
- SEC or GPC are analytical methods known to the polymer expert for determining the average molecular weight.
- a further variable which can be used within the scope of the invention for characterizing the molar mass of the polymers and copolymers used is the viscosity number VN.
- the viscosity number is determined on the basis of ISO 1628.
- Polymethacrylate layers according to the invention thus comprise, in a preferred embodiment, polymers and / or copolymers with VN> 10, preferably> 20, suitably> 30, more preferably ⁇ 10000, very preferably ⁇ 80 and most preferably ⁇ 70.
- the process of the invention permits the production of novel composites in a simple and cost-effective manner, but the adhesion of the coating layer, its transparency and weathering resistance appear to be optimized. At least to obtain the sum of these advantageous properties with the described method was by no means suggested by the prior art.
- Example 1a (according to the invention):
- a monomer mixture of 6279 g of methyl methacrylate, 1256 g of styrene and 837 g of maleic anhydride is mixed with 1.9 g of tert-butylperneodecanoate and 0.84 g of tert-butyl peroxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate as polymerization initiator and 20.9 g of 2- Added mercaptoethanol as a molecular weight regulator and with 4.2 g of palmitic acid.
- the resulting mixture is placed in a polymerization chamber and degassed for 10 minutes. Thereafter, it is polymerized in a water bath for 6 hours at 60 ° C, followed by 30 hours at 55 ° C water bath temperature. After removal of the polymerization from the water bath, the polymer is annealed in the polymerization for 7 hours at 117 ° C in an air cabinet.
- the resulting copolymer is clear and nearly colorless and has a V.N. (Solution viscosity number according to ISO 1628-6, 25 ° C, chloroform) of 44.4 ml / g.
- V.N. Solution viscosity number according to ISO 1628-6, 25 ° C, chloroform
- This copolymer was then granulated and degassed by a single-screw extruder process.
- This granulated and degassed copolymer (component b.) Is mixed with granules of an impact-modified PMMA molding composition based on emulsion polymer (component a.) In a ratio of 20 parts copolymer / 80 parts impact-resistant molding compound and then to a 40 micron thick film by means of a single-screw extruder and downstream , extruded for film extrusion extruded die (chill-roll extrusion).
- the advantageous properties of the invention are substantiated by scanning electron micrograph (SEM) images of the fracture edge of a specimen broken at room temperature: SEM images, images 260 ( Figure 2) and 269 ( Figure 4); perfect adhesion of the 40 ⁇ m thick film Example 1b; Comparative example
- a monomer mixture of 7040 g of methyl methacrylate, 640 g of methacrylic acid and 320 g of methyl acrylate is mixed with 2.4 g of tert-Butylperneodecanoat as a polymerization initiator and 44.0 g of 2-Ethylhexylthioglycolat as a molecular weight regulator.
- the resulting mixture is placed in a polymerization chamber and degassed for 10 minutes.
- the mixture is then polymerized in a water bath at 50 ° C water bath temperature for 30 hours. After removal of the polymerization from the water bath, the polymer is annealed in the polymerization for 10 hours at 120 ° C in an air cabinet.
- the resulting copolymer is clear and almost colorless and has a VN (solution viscosity number according to ISO 1628-6, 25 ° C, chloroform) of 44.9 ml / g.
- This copolymer (component b.) was then granulated and degassed by means of a single-screw extruder process.
- This granulated and degassed copolymer (component b) is mixed with granules of an impact-modified PMMA molding composition based on an emulsion polymer (component a) in a ratio of 40 parts copolymer / 60 parts impact-resistant molding compound and then to a 45 micron thick film by means of a single-screw extruder and downstream, extrusion extruded extruded die (chill-roll extrusion).
- the film according to the invention was coated with the PE-based film fabric substrate by means of the use of the thermoplastic ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer-based hot melt adhesive Mormelt® 902 (melt temperature of about 220 ° C.).
- the film composite produced shows no delamination in the adhesion studies described under Example.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (15)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DK04740621T DK1664191T3 (da) | 2003-09-26 | 2004-07-03 | Fremgangsmåde til overfladeefterbehandling af materialer ved påføring af især transparente lag på basis af polymethacrylater |
EP04740621A EP1664191B1 (de) | 2003-09-26 | 2004-07-03 | Verfahren zur oberflächenvergütung von werkstoffen durch aufbringen insbesondere transparenter schichten auf basis von polymethacrylaten |
MXPA06002479A MXPA06002479A (es) | 2003-09-26 | 2004-07-03 | Proceso para el acabado superficial de materiales a traves de la aplicacion en particular de capas transparentes con base en polimetacrilatos. |
PL04740621T PL1664191T3 (pl) | 2003-09-26 | 2004-07-03 | Sposób ulepszania powierzchni tworzyw drogą nanoszenia zwłaszcza przezroczystych warstw opartych na polimetakrylanach |
AU2004284170A AU2004284170B2 (en) | 2003-09-26 | 2004-07-03 | Method for surface hardening substances by application of particularly transparent polymethacrylate layers |
AT04740621T ATE489429T1 (de) | 2003-09-26 | 2004-07-03 | Verfahren zur oberflächenvergütung von werkstoffen durch aufbringen insbesondere transparenter schichten auf basis von polymethacrylaten |
JP2006527283A JP4444960B2 (ja) | 2003-09-26 | 2004-07-03 | ポリメタクリレートをベースとする特に透明な層を適用することによる材料の表面処理法 |
US10/570,194 US8206782B2 (en) | 2003-09-26 | 2004-07-03 | Method for surface hardening substances by application of particularly transparent polymethacrylate layers |
DE200450011929 DE502004011929D1 (de) | 2003-09-26 | 2004-07-03 | Verfahren zur oberflächenvergütung von werkstoffen durch aufbringen insbesondere transparenter schichten auf basis von polymethacrylaten |
CN200480019530.5A CN1820048B (zh) | 2003-09-26 | 2004-07-03 | 通过施加特别是基于聚甲基丙烯酸酯的透明层而对材料进行表面整饰的方法 |
CA2534385A CA2534385C (en) | 2003-09-26 | 2004-07-03 | Process for the surface finishing of materials via application in particular of transparent layers based on polymethacrylates |
KR1020067008075A KR101139278B1 (ko) | 2003-09-26 | 2004-07-03 | 고도로 투명한 폴리메타크릴레이트 층의 도포에 의한기재의 표면 경화방법 |
IL17446806A IL174468A (en) | 2003-09-26 | 2006-03-21 | Method for surface finishing materials by application of particularly transparent polymethacrylate layers |
HK06113763.2A HK1093080A1 (zh) | 2003-09-26 | 2006-12-14 | 通過施加特別是基於聚甲基丙烯酸酯的透明層而對材料進行表面整飾的方法 |
US12/646,453 US8192844B2 (en) | 2003-09-26 | 2009-12-23 | Method for surface hardening substances by application of particularly transparent polymethacrylate layers |
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DE10345045.9 | 2003-09-26 | ||
DE2003145045 DE10345045A1 (de) | 2003-09-26 | 2003-09-26 | Verfahren zur Oberflächenvergütung von Werkstoffen durch Aufbringen insbesondere transparenter Schichten auf Basis von Polymethacrylaten |
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US10/570,194 A-371-Of-International US8206782B2 (en) | 2003-09-26 | 2004-07-03 | Method for surface hardening substances by application of particularly transparent polymethacrylate layers |
US12/646,453 Division US8192844B2 (en) | 2003-09-26 | 2009-12-23 | Method for surface hardening substances by application of particularly transparent polymethacrylate layers |
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WO2005040273A1 true WO2005040273A1 (de) | 2005-05-06 |
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PCT/EP2004/007280 WO2005040273A1 (de) | 2003-09-26 | 2004-07-03 | Verfahren zur oberflächenvergütung von werkstoffen durch aufbringen insbesondere transparenter schichten auf basis von polymethacrylaten |
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US (2) | US8206782B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1664191B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4444960B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR101139278B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1820048B (de) |
AT (1) | ATE489429T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2004284170B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2534385C (de) |
DE (2) | DE10345045A1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK1664191T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2356151T3 (de) |
HK (1) | HK1093080A1 (de) |
IL (1) | IL174468A (de) |
MX (1) | MXPA06002479A (de) |
PL (1) | PL1664191T3 (de) |
PT (1) | PT1664191E (de) |
RU (1) | RU2337117C2 (de) |
TW (1) | TWI266786B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005040273A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA200602437B (de) |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US10745580B2 (en) | 2014-09-11 | 2020-08-18 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Surface-finishing on the basis of cross-linkable, saturated polyester resins and fluoropolymers |
US10307997B2 (en) | 2014-11-04 | 2019-06-04 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Laminate film, method for manufacturing same, and melamine decorative panel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ATE489429T1 (de) | 2010-12-15 |
PL1664191T3 (pl) | 2011-05-31 |
US20100167615A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
RU2006113892A (ru) | 2007-11-10 |
CN1820048B (zh) | 2016-03-02 |
CA2534385A1 (en) | 2005-05-06 |
EP1664191A1 (de) | 2006-06-07 |
CN1820048A (zh) | 2006-08-16 |
AU2004284170A1 (en) | 2005-05-06 |
ZA200602437B (en) | 2007-05-30 |
US8192844B2 (en) | 2012-06-05 |
RU2337117C2 (ru) | 2008-10-27 |
AU2004284170B2 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
MXPA06002479A (es) | 2006-06-20 |
IL174468A0 (en) | 2006-08-01 |
IL174468A (en) | 2010-12-30 |
JP4444960B2 (ja) | 2010-03-31 |
US8206782B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 |
JP2007506574A (ja) | 2007-03-22 |
EP1664191B1 (de) | 2010-11-24 |
TW200512251A (en) | 2005-04-01 |
KR20060117919A (ko) | 2006-11-17 |
DK1664191T3 (da) | 2011-02-28 |
PT1664191E (pt) | 2011-02-10 |
DE10345045A1 (de) | 2005-04-14 |
DE502004011929D1 (de) | 2011-01-05 |
TWI266786B (en) | 2006-11-21 |
US20080248298A1 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
CA2534385C (en) | 2012-06-19 |
ES2356151T3 (es) | 2011-04-05 |
HK1093080A1 (zh) | 2007-02-23 |
KR101139278B1 (ko) | 2012-07-05 |
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