WO2005033061A1 - Multifunctional (meth)acrylate and method for producing same - Google Patents

Multifunctional (meth)acrylate and method for producing same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005033061A1
WO2005033061A1 PCT/JP2004/013854 JP2004013854W WO2005033061A1 WO 2005033061 A1 WO2005033061 A1 WO 2005033061A1 JP 2004013854 W JP2004013854 W JP 2004013854W WO 2005033061 A1 WO2005033061 A1 WO 2005033061A1
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meth
group
acrylate
weight
polyfunctional
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PCT/JP2004/013854
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Shinichi Kawasaki
Hiroaki Murase
Kazuyuki Ogata
Mitsuaki Yamada
Yasuhiro Suda
Satoru Fujii
Takayuki Morita
Tetsuya Hosomi
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Osaka Gas Co., Ltd.
Nagase Chemtex Corporation
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Priority to KR1020067006301A priority Critical patent/KR101183742B1/en
Priority to JP2005514401A priority patent/JP5091407B2/en
Publication of WO2005033061A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005033061A1/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C69/00Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C07C69/52Esters of acyclic unsaturated carboxylic acids having the esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
    • C07C69/533Monocarboxylic acid esters having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C07C69/54Acrylic acid esters; Methacrylic acid esters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C69/00Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2603/00Systems containing at least three condensed rings
    • C07C2603/02Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems
    • C07C2603/04Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings
    • C07C2603/06Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing at least one ring with less than six ring members
    • C07C2603/10Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing at least one ring with less than six ring members containing five-membered rings
    • C07C2603/12Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing at least one ring with less than six ring members containing five-membered rings only one five-membered ring
    • C07C2603/18Fluorenes; Hydrogenated fluorenes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to optical material applications (optical overcoating agent, hard coating agent, antireflection film)
  • the present invention relates to a polymerizable composition (and a cured product thereof) composed of a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate.
  • Thermoplastic resins such as polycarbonate
  • thermosetting resins are used for optical materials such as optical overcoating agents, hard coating agents, antireflection films, spectacle lenses, optical fibers, optical waveguides, and holograms.
  • Cured products eg, polyfunctional aliphatic acrylates such as diethylene glycol bisaryl carbonate (CR-39)
  • Such optical materials are required to have improved properties such as moisture resistance, heat resistance, and high refractive index, and development of various optical materials is being studied.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses, as a plastic lens material, a compound obtained by reacting 9,9 bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene with (meth) acrylic acid chloride, or 9, Disclosed is a copolymer containing, as a main component, a compound obtained by adding ethylene oxide or propylene oxide to bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene and then reacting with (meth) acrylic acid.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4 325508 (Claim 1, Paragraph No. [0010])
  • an object of the present invention is to improve the properties such as hardness, heat resistance and moisture resistance. It is an object of the present invention to provide a functional (meth) atalylate and a method for producing the same.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate which can improve the crosslink density.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of easily producing a novel polyfunctional (meth) acrylate having a fluorene skeleton at a high yield.
  • the inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, have found that the polyfunctionality of the conjugated product (or alkylene oxide adduct thereof) in which fluorene is substituted with a polyvalent phenol at the 9-position ) It has been found that the use of acrylate allows the crosslink density to be improved and the properties (hardness, heat resistance, etc.) of the material (such as an optical material) to be significantly improved, and the present invention has been completed.
  • the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate of the present invention is a (meth) acrylate having a fluorene skeleton represented by the following formula (1).
  • R la , R lb , R 2a and R also represent a substituent, R 3a and R 3b represent an alkylene group, R 1 ⁇ 2 and R 4b represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and kl and k2 are the same.
  • R 3a and R 3b represent an alkylene group
  • R 1 ⁇ 2 and R 4b represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
  • kl and k2 are the same.
  • ml and m2 are the same or different and represent an integer of 0 or 13
  • n1 and n2 are the same or different and represent an integer of 0 or 1 or more
  • pi and p2 are the same or different and each represent an integer of 2 to 4, where ml + pl and m2 + p2 are integers of 2 to 5
  • R 3a and R 31 ⁇ C are an alkylene group
  • nl + n2 force may be about 24.
  • R la and! ⁇ Alkyl group, kl and k2 are 0 or 1
  • R 2a and R 2b are C alkyl
  • a C alkoxy group or a C aryl group, ml and m2 are 0-2,
  • nl and n2 are 1 or more include R 3a and R 3 C
  • nl and n2 are about 114, nl + n2 force is about 18, and pi and p2 are each 2 and include polyfunctional (meth) acrylates .
  • Representative polyfunctional (meth) atalylates represented by the above formula (1) include (meta) of a kazane compound with a C alkylene oxide of 9,9 bis (dihydroxyphenyl) fluorene. ) Atarilate, 9
  • the polyfunctional (meth) atalylate represented by the formula (1) is not particularly limited, but is usually a polyhydric alcohol having a fluorene skeleton represented by the following formula (2), and (meth) It can be produced by reacting with acrylic acid or a derivative thereof.
  • the present invention includes a polymerizable composition composed of the polyfunctional (meth) atalylate represented by the formula (1) and a polymerization initiator (for example, a photopolymerization initiator).
  • the ratio of the polymerization initiator may be about 0.1 to 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate which is represented by the above formula (1).
  • the polymerizable composition may further contain a polysilane.
  • a polysilane includes a polysilane having at least one structural unit among the structural units represented by the following formulas (3) to (5).
  • the amount may be, for example, about 0.1 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate which is represented by the following formula.
  • R 5 -R 7 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkyloxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group
  • x, y and z each represent 0 or an integer of 1 or more, and the total of x, y and z is 5 to 400.
  • the present invention relates to a cured product obtained by polymerizing or curing the polymerizable composition (or the polyfunctional (meth) atalylate represented by the formula (1)), and a material (optical material) composed of the cured product. Material).
  • (meth) acrylate means atalylate or metathalilate.
  • (meth) atalyloyloxy means atariloyloxy or metharyloyloxy.
  • the polyfunctional (meth) atalylate of the present invention has a fluorene skeleton and a large number of highly polymerizable (meth) atalyloyl groups, so that the crosslink density can be improved and the material (optical) Properties such as hardness and heat resistance can be significantly improved. Further, in the present invention, a large number of (meth) atalyloyl groups can be introduced, and a novel polyfunctional (meth) atalylate having a fluorene skeleton can be easily produced at a high yield.
  • the polyfunctional (meth) atalylate of the present invention is represented by the following formula (1), wherein a polyhydric alcohol (or its alkylenoxy) is substituted with two polyphenols at the 9-position of fluorenes. (Ad)) as a polyol component.
  • R la , R lb , R 2a and R 2b represent a substituent, R 3a and R 3b represent an alkylene group, R 1 ⁇ 2 and R 4b represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
  • Kl and k2 represent The same or different, and represent an integer of 0 or 14; ml and m2 represent the same or different and represent an integer of 0 or 13; n1 and n2 represent the same or different and represent an integer of 0 or 1 or more; , Pi and p2 are the same or different and each represent an integer of 2 to 4, where ml + pl and m2 + p2 are integers of 2 to 5)
  • the substituent represented by the groups R la and R lb is not particularly limited, but is usually an alkyl group in many cases.
  • the alkyl group include C alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group and a t-butyl group (for example, a C alkyl group,
  • a methyl group can be exemplified.
  • the groups R la and R lb can be different or identical.
  • the groups R la (or R lb ) may be different or the same on the same benzene ring.
  • the bonding position (substitution position) of the group R la (or R lb ) to the benzene ring constituting the fluorene skeleton is not particularly limited.
  • Preferred substitution numbers kl and k2 are 0 or 1, especially 0.
  • the substitution numbers kl and k2 may be different, but are usually the same.
  • alkyl groups C alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, s-butyl group, t-butyl group, and the like.
  • Alkyl group more preferably C alkyl group, etc.
  • C cycloalkyl groups such as tyl and cyclohexyl groups, preferably C cycloalkyl
  • aryl group preferably C cycloalkyl group
  • aryl group preferably C cycloalkyl group
  • aryl group preferably C cycloalkyl group
  • aryl group preferably C cycloalkyl group
  • aryl group preferably C cycloalkyl group
  • Carbohydrates such as benzyl and phenethyl groups, etc.
  • alkoxy group such as a c-alkoxy group such as a methoxy group
  • a hydroxyl group such as a c-alkoxy group such as a methoxy group
  • a halogen atom (such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom).
  • Nitro group ; cyano group and the like.
  • the hydroxyl group or hydroxy (poly) alkylenoxy group may be used as a starting material for a polyhydric alcohol residue ((meth)) according to a method for producing a polyfunctional (meth) atalylate described below.
  • the substituent R 2a is an alkyl group (C alkyl group), a cycloalkyl group (
  • R 2a (or R 2b ) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the benzene ring may be substituted in combination.
  • the groups R 2a and R 2b may be the same or different from each other, but are usually the same.
  • the groups R 2a (or R 2b ) may be different or the same in the same benzene ring.
  • the substitution position of the substituent R 2a is not particularly limited, and may be a (meth) atalyloyloxy group or a (meth) atalyloyloxy (poly) alkoxy group (hereinafter, (meth) atariloyloxy).
  • the substitution position of the group which may be collectively referred to as a group-containing group
  • it can be substituted at the 2- to 6-positions (for example, the 2-, 5-, and 2,5-positions) of the fuel group.
  • the preferred number of substitutions ml and m2 is 0-2, more preferably 0-1 (particularly 0), though it depends on the number of substitutions of the (meth) atalyloyloxy group-containing group.
  • the substitution numbers ml and m2 may be different, but usually are often the same.
  • the alkylene group represented by R 3a and R 3b is not limited.
  • R 3a and R 3b may be the same or different alkylene groups, but are usually the same anoalkylene group.
  • substitution numbers (addition numbers) nl and n2 of the alkoxy group are the same or different, and a force in the range of about 0 to 15 can be selected.
  • 0 to 12 for example, 1 to 12
  • preferably 0 to 8 for example, 1 to 8
  • more preferably about 0 to 6 for example, 1 to 6
  • particularly about 0 to 4 for example, 1 to 4.
  • nl and n2 can be selected from a range of about 0-30, for example, 0-24 (for example, 2-24), preferably 0-16 (for example, 2-12), More preferably, it may be about 0 to 12 (for example, 2 to 10), particularly about 0 to 8 (for example, 2 to 8).
  • the polyalkoxy (polyalkyleneoxy) group may be a different alkoxy group (for example, an ethoxy group and a propyleneoxy group) which may be composed of the same alkoxy group. ) May be present in combination, but usually they are often composed of the same alkoxy group.
  • the number of substitutions pi and P2 of the (meth) atalyloyloxy group-containing group are preferably 2-3, particularly preferably 2! / ⁇ .
  • the number of pi (p + p2) between pi and p2 may be about 418, preferably about 416 (particularly 4,) if f rows are used.
  • the substitution numbers pi and ⁇ 2 may be different, but are usually the same in many cases.
  • the substitution position of the (meth) atalyloyloxy group-containing group is not particularly limited. Depending on the number of pi (or ⁇ 2), the 2-6 position of the fluorene substituted at the 9-position of fluorene is also selected. When pi (or ⁇ 2) is 2, the position may be, for example, the first, third or fourth position, or the third or fifth position.
  • One (meth) atalyloyloxy group-containing group may be usually substituted at the 4-position.
  • the plurality of (meth) atalyloyloxy group-containing groups substituted on the same benzene ring may be the same or different.
  • Representative polyfunctional (meth) acrylates represented by the above formula (1) include, for example, 9,9-bis (di (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorenes, 9 , 9-Bis (tri (meth) ataryloxyphenyl) fluorenes and their corresponding polyhydric alcohols [9,9-bis (di- or trihydroxyphenyl) fluorenes] alkylene oxides (C alkylene oxides)
  • 9,9-bis (di (meth) atalyloyloxyphenol) fluorenes include, for example, 9,9-bis (di (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorene [9, 9] Bis (3,4-di (meth) acryloyloxyphenyl) fluorene, 9,9 bis (2,4-di (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorene, 9,9 bis (2 , 5-di (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorene, etc.], and substituted 9,9 bis (di (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorene ⁇ eg, 9,9 bis ( Alkyldi (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorene [9,9 bis (3,4-di (meth) atalyloyloxy 5-methylphenyl) fluorene, 9,9
  • the 9,9-bis (tri (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorenes include the 9,9-bis
  • Fluorenes corresponding to (di (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorenes for example, 9,9 bis (2,4,6 -— (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorene, 9,9 Screw (2, 9, 9-bis (such as 4,5-tri (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorene and 9,9 bis (3,4,5-tri (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorene Tri (meta) atariloyloxyphenyl) fluorene and the like.
  • Examples of the (meth) atalylate of an alkylene oxide-carrying compound of 9,9 bis (dihydroxyphenyl) fluorene include, for example, 9,9 bis [3,4-di (2- (meta) Atariloyloxyethoxy) phenyl] fluorene and other 9,9 bis [di (2- (meth) ataliloyloxy C alkoxy]
  • (Meth) acrylates of alkylene oxide-carrying bodies of 9,9 bis (trihydroxyphenyl) fluorenes include, for example, 9,9 bis [3,4,5-tri (2- 9,9-bis [di (2- (meth) atalyloyloxy C al) such as (meth) atariloyloxyethoxy) phenyl] fluorene
  • (Meta) acrylates such as 9,9-bis [tri (2- (meth) atalyloyloxy C alkoxy) phenyl] fluorene, 9,9-bis ⁇ tri [2— (2 — (Meth) atariloyloxy
  • the polyfunctional (meth) atalylate of the present invention has a large number of (meth) atalyloyloxy group-containing groups (particularly, (meth) atalyloyloxy (poly)) having a fluorene skeleton and having high reactivity. C alkoxy group), it has various excellent properties (particularly high refractive index
  • the polyfunctional (meth) atalylate of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is prepared by reacting a polyhydric alcohol having a fluorene skeleton represented by the following formula (2) with (meth) acrylic acid or a derivative thereof. It can be manufactured from this.
  • polyhydric alcohol represented by the above formula (2) preferable groups and substitution numbers (R, k, m, n, p) are the same as described above.
  • Representative polyhydric alcohols include, for example, 9,9-bis (dihydroxyphenyl) fluorene [9,9-bis (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) fluorene (biscatecholfluorene (BCAF)), 9,9-bis (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl) fluorene, 9,9-bis (2,5-dihydroxyphenyl) fluorene], substituted 9,9-bis (dihydroxyphenyl) fluorene ⁇
  • 6,9-bis (dihydroxyphenyl) fluorene such as 6-8 Lyldihydroxyphenyl) fluorene [9,9-bis (3,4-dihydroxy-5-phenylphenyl) fluorene, etc.]
  • the purity of the polyhydric alcohol is not particularly limited, but is usually 95% by weight or more, preferably 96% by weight or more, and more preferably 98% by weight or more. is there.
  • the polyhydric alcohol represented by the above formula (2) is a novel compound and can be usually easily produced by the following method.
  • the method for producing the polyhydric alcohol represented by the formula (2) is not particularly limited, but is usually a fluorenone represented by the following formula (2a) and a fluorenone represented by the following formula (2b) in the presence of an acid catalyst.
  • R 2 represents a substituent
  • m represents an integer of 0 or 13
  • p represents an integer of 2-4.
  • m + p is an integer of 2-5.
  • R la , R lb , kl, and k2 are the same as above
  • polyhydric alcohols (9,9-bis (polyhydroxyphenyl) fluorenes) in which nl and n2 are 0 are converted to fluorenone represented by the above formula (2a) in the presence of an acid catalyst.
  • the polyhydric alcohol wherein nl and Z or n2 is 1 or more is converted to the above-mentioned formula (I) in the presence of an acid catalyst.
  • the resulting 9,9-bis (polyhydroxyphenyl) fluorene is Further, it can be produced by reacting an alkylene oxide or an alkylene carbonate.
  • R 2 corresponds to R 2a or R 2b
  • m corresponds to ml or m2
  • p corresponds to pi or This corresponds to p2, and preferred embodiments and the like are as described above.
  • the fluorenone represented by the above formula (2a) corresponds to the fluorene skeleton of the polyhydric alcohol represented by the above formula (2), and A typical fluorenone is 9 fluorenone.
  • the purity of the fluorenone used is not particularly limited, but is usually 95% by weight or more, preferably 99% by weight or more.
  • polyphenol polyhydric phenols represented by the above formula (2b)
  • polyhydroxybenzenes include, for example, dihydroxybenzene (catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone), alkyldihydroxybenzene [dihydroxytoluene (3,5-dihydroxytoluene (orcinol) ), 3-methylcatechol, 4-methylcatechol, etc.), 4 t-butylcatechol, dihydroxyxylene (2,6-dihydroxy-p-xylene, etc.)
  • Chlorocatechol mono- or dihalodihydroxybenzenes such as 2,4-difluorohydroquinone, etc., nitrodihydroxybenzenes (such as nitrocatechol), and alkoxy dihydroxybenzenes (3-methoxycatechol, 4,6-di-tert-butyl) Mono- or di-C alkoxydihydroxybenzene such as 3-methoxycatechol), acyldihydroxyben
  • dihydroxybenzenes which dihydroxybenzenes; trihydroxybenzenes corresponding to these dihydroxybenzenes [for example, trihydroxybenzenes (pyrogallol, hydroxyhydroquinone, fluoro Loglucinol), trihydroxyacetophenone, etc.].
  • the polyhydric phenols may be reacted with fluorenones alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the amount of the polyhydric phenol used is, for example, 2 to 20 mol per mol of the fluorenone.
  • the reaction (condensation reaction) between the polyvalent phenols and the fluorenones is not particularly limited, but can usually be carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst.
  • the acid catalyst include inorganic acids [sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.] and organic acids [sulfonic acid (alkanesulfonic acid such as methanesulfonic acid)].
  • the sulfuric acid includes dilute sulfuric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid and the like, and sulfur trioxide may be used as a sulfuric acid precursor as long as it can be converted into sulfuric acid in the reaction system.
  • the acid catalysts may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Preferred acid catalysts are hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
  • the amount of the acid catalyst to be used can be selected according to the type of the acid catalyst. For example, for fluorenone 100 parts by weight, 0.0001 to 150 parts by weight is preferable. ⁇ ⁇ More [preferably 0.01 to 50 parts by weight.
  • sulfuric acid in terms of H SO
  • the amount of sulfuric acid is usually small if it is very small.
  • hydrochloric acid used as a catalyst, the amount of hydrochloric acid used is, in terms of hydrogen chloride, 100 parts by weight of fluorenone, 100 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 50 parts by weight, more preferably 10 to 50 parts by weight. It may be about 30 parts by weight.
  • the condensation reaction may be carried out using a thiol as a co-catalyst in addition to the acid catalyst.
  • a thiol as a co-catalyst in addition to the acid catalyst.
  • the condensation reaction can proceed effectively and the yield can be improved in many cases.
  • thiols include conventional thiols that function as cocatalysts, such as mercaptocarboxylic acids (mercaptoacetic acid, j8-mercaptopropionic acid, ⁇ -mercaptopropionic acid, thioglycolic acid, mercaptosuccinic acid, mercaptobenzoic acid, etc.
  • Thiocarboxylic acids thioacetic acid, thiooxalic acid, etc.
  • alkyl mercaptans methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, propyl mercaptan, isopropyl mercaptan, ⁇ -butyl mercaptan, dodecyl mercaptan, and other C alkyl mercaptans (especially C Alkenyl mercaptan), aralkyl mercaptan (benzyl mercaptan, etc.) or salts thereof.
  • the salt include an alkali metal salt (eg, a sodium salt).
  • thiols mercapto C carboxylic acid (for example, ⁇ -methyl)
  • Rucaptopropionic acid is preferred.
  • the thiols can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the amount of the thiol used can be selected from a range of about 0 to 0.2 part by weight per 1 part by weight of fluorenone. For example, 0.001 to 0.1 part by weight, preferably 0.003 part by weight. -0.03 parts by weight, more preferably about 0.005-0.015 parts by weight.
  • the amount of the thiols used can be selected from a range of about 0 to 10 parts by weight per 1 part by weight of the acid catalyst, and is, for example, 0.001 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by weight. It may be 10 parts by weight (for example, 0.01 to 5 parts by weight), more preferably about 0.01 to 2 parts by weight.
  • the thiols are preferably 0.001 to 1 part by weight, preferably 0.01 to 0.5 part by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 0.3 part by weight based on 1 part by weight of sulfuric acid. It may be about parts by weight.
  • hydrochloric acid When hydrochloric acid is used, 0.1 to 13 parts by weight, preferably 0.3 to 1 part by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 1 part by weight per 1 part by weight of hydrochloric acid (in terms of hydrogen chloride). It may be about 5 parts by weight.
  • the condensation reaction may be carried out in the absence of a solvent or in a solvent.
  • the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is non-reactive with the above-mentioned acidic catalyst and can dissolve fluorenones and polyvalent phenols, and can be used in a wide range.
  • Representative solvents include ether solvents (dialkyl ethers such as getyl ether, cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane), and halogen solvents (methylene chloride, chloroform, Halogenated hydrocarbons such as carbon chloride); and aromatic solvents (such as aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene, and alcohol).
  • an excess of polyhydric phenols may be used as a solvent.
  • solvents cyclic ethers (such as tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane) are preferred.
  • the solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the amount of the solvent to be used can be selected from the range of about 0 to 20 parts by weight, based on 1 part by weight of the fluorenones, for example, 0.5 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 18 to 18 parts by weight, more preferably Is 2— 5 It may be about parts by weight.
  • the condensation reaction varies depending on the type of polyhydric phenols, acid catalysts, thiols, etc. used, but is usually 10 to 150 ° C, preferably 20 to 120 ° C, and more preferably 30 to 100 ° C. It is often performed at about ° C.
  • the reaction time can be adjusted according to the type of the starting material, the reaction temperature, the concentration in the solvent, and the like, and is, for example, 30 minutes to 48 hours, usually, about 24 hours, and preferably about 110 hours.
  • the reaction may be carried out with stirring or in the air or in an inert atmosphere (nitrogen, rare gas, etc.) or at normal pressure or under pressure.
  • an inert atmosphere nitrogen, rare gas, etc.
  • the reaction mixture after completion of the reaction usually contains, in addition to the produced polyhydric alcohol (9,9 bis (polyhydroxypropyl) fluorenes), unreacted fluorenones and unreacted polyhydric phenols. , Catalysts (acid catalysts, thiols), by-products, etc. Therefore, separation and purification can be performed by a conventional method, for example, separation means such as filtration, concentration, extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, and column chromatography, or a separation means combining these. For example, after removal of the acid catalyst (and thiols) by a conventional method, crystallization may be performed by adding a crystallization solvent, followed by cooling to crystallize, followed by filtration and separation for purification.
  • crystallization solvent examples include hydrocarbons [aliphatic hydrocarbons (hexane, heptane, etc.), alicyclic hydrocarbons (cyclohexane, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, xylene, etc.), halogens Hydrocarbons (dichloromethane, etc.)], water, alcohols (alkyl alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, etc.), ketones (acetone, methylethylketone, methyl Alkyl ketones such as isobutyl ketone, getyl ketone, ethyl propyl ketone, di-propyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, cyclohexanone, etc., ethers (dialkyl ethers such as getyl ether, diisopropyl ether, etc.), nit
  • the crystallization solvent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the amount of the crystallization solvent is not particularly limited, and is 0.5 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight, based on 1 part by weight of the reaction mixture (in terms of solid content). It may be about 5 parts by weight.
  • JP-A-6-145087, JP-A-8-217713 hydrohalide gas and mercaptocarboxylic acid
  • a method of reacting a fluorenone with a phenol in the presence of a phenol (b) JP-A-2000-26349 [Reacting 9 fluorenone with an alkylphenol in the presence of an acid catalyst (and alkylmercaptan)] Method), (c) JP-A-2002-47227 (method of reacting fluorenones with phenols in the presence of hydrochloric acid and thiols), (d) JP-A-2003-221352 (sulfuric acid and thiols) A method in which fluorenone and phenol are reacted in the presence of water and crystallized with a crystallization solvent composed of a hydrocarbon and an polar solvent).
  • the polyvalent phenols (compounds represented by the formula (3)) are used in place of the phenols, and the synthesis method (the purification method and the Polyhydric alcohols [9,9 bis (polyhydroxyphenyl) fluorenes] may be produced with reference to the addition ratio).
  • the synthesis method the purification method and the Polyhydric alcohols [9,9 bis (polyhydroxyphenyl) fluorenes] may be produced with reference to the addition ratio.
  • alkylene oxide examples include C alkylene oxides (particularly, C alkylene oxides) such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butylene oxide.
  • alkylene carbonate examples include C alkylene carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate (particularly,
  • Lencarbonate may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • an alkylene carbonate is used, an alkylene oxide unit (alkoxy unit) is introduced because a decarboxylation reaction occurs after the addition of the alkylene carbonate.
  • the amount of the alkylene oxide or alkylene carbonate to be used can be adjusted according to the number of alkylene oxide units to be added, and is, for example, 1 to 50 mol per mol of the hydroxyl group constituting the polyhydric alcohol. , Preferably 110 moles, more preferably 110 moles. It may be about the same.
  • the purity of the polyhydric alcohol (9,9 bis (polyhydroxyphenyl) fluorenes) which is nl and n2 O to be reacted is not particularly limited, but is usually 95% by weight or more, preferably 99% by weight or more! / ,.
  • the reaction with the alkylene oxide or alkylene carbonate may be carried out in the absence of a catalyst, but can usually be carried out in the presence of a catalyst.
  • the catalyst include a base catalyst and an acid catalyst.
  • a base catalyst can be used.
  • the base catalyst include metal hydroxides (eg, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide) and metal carbonates (eg, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate).
  • Inorganic bases such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydrogen carbonate such as sodium hydrogencarbonate; amines [eg, tertiary amines (trialkylamine such as triethylamine, N, N-diamine; Aromatic tertiary amines such as methyla-phosphorus, heterocyclic tertiary amines such as 1-methylimidazole), and metal salts of carboxylic acids (alkali metal or alkaline earth metals such as sodium acetate and calcium acetate).
  • Organic bases such as salts).
  • the catalysts base catalysts
  • the catalysts may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the amount of the catalyst to be used can be adjusted according to the type of the catalyst, and is 0 to 1 part by weight of the polyhydric alcohol (bis (polyhydroxyphenyl) fluorenes) produced by the method (i).
  • the polyhydric alcohol bis (polyhydroxyphenyl) fluorenes
  • the reaction may be performed in a solvent.
  • the solvent is not particularly limited and can be selected according to the raw materials used.
  • an alkylene oxide is used, the above-mentioned solvents and the like can be used.
  • alkylene carbonate is used, alcohols (such as methanol and ethanol) can be used in addition to the above-mentioned solvents.
  • C alkylene such as alcohol and ethylene glycol
  • the amount of the solvent used is about 120 parts by weight, preferably about 1.5 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably about 2 to 5 parts by weight, based on 1 part by weight of the polyhydric alcohol produced by the method (i). There may be.
  • the reaction can be adjusted according to the kind of the compound to be added (alkylene oxide, alkylene carbonate) or the like, and is, for example, 0 to 170 ° C, preferably 10 to 150 ° C, more preferably 20 to 130 ° C. In most cases, it is performed at about C In particular, when an alkylene carbonate is used, the reaction is often performed at, for example, about 70 to 150 ° C., preferably about 80 to 120 ° C. in order to efficiently perform the decarboxylation reaction.
  • the reaction time is, for example, 30 minutes to 48 hours, usually, 124 hours, preferably about 110 hours.
  • the reaction may be carried out with stirring or in the air or in an inert atmosphere (such as nitrogen or a rare gas), or at normal pressure or under pressure. Further, the reaction may be carried out while removing generated gas (such as carbon dioxide) as necessary. Further, in the same manner as described above, the reaction mixture after completion of the reaction is purified by using a conventional purification method (extraction, crystallization, etc.) to obtain a polyhydric alcohol-containing alkylene oxide-cured product.
  • an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or a rare gas
  • generated gas such as carbon dioxide
  • the (meth) acrylic acid derivative to be reacted with a polyhydric alcohol includes lower alkyl (meth) acrylates (eg, methyl (meth) acrylate, C alkyl, such as ethyl (meth) acrylate and butyl (meth) acrylate
  • lower alkyl (meth) acrylates eg, methyl (meth) acrylate, C alkyl, such as ethyl (meth) acrylate and butyl (meth) acrylate
  • (meth) acrylic acid acrylate and the ride commercially available products or synthesized products may be used.
  • (meth) acrylic acid chloride can be prepared by reacting chloride salt with (meth) acrylic acid.
  • the amount of (meth) acrylic acid or a derivative thereof used is, for example, 110 mol, preferably 115 mol, per 1 mol of a hydroxyl group (hydroxyl group corresponding to P) of a polyhydric alcohol. Mole, more preferably about 113 mole.
  • a catalyst (acid catalyst, base catalyst, or the like) may be appropriately used.
  • an acid catalyst is preferably used.
  • a base may be suitably used for trapping (trapping) halogenated hydrogen (eg, salted hydrogen).
  • the acid catalyst is not particularly limited as long as it is an esterified acid catalyst.
  • inorganic acids sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.
  • organic acids sulfonic acids (methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, Alkanesulfonic acid such as fluoromethanesulfonic acid, and aranesulfonic acid such as p-toluenesulfonic acid), and the like
  • solidified acids inorganic acids such as acids (sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, heteropolyacid) Acid (organic acid), solid acid (solid phosphoric acid, etc.)], cation exchange resin, metal oxide (ZnO, etc.), metal halide (CuCl, etc.), metal salt
  • the acid catalysts may be used alone or in combination of two or more!
  • the base is not particularly limited as long as it is an inert base with respect to (meth) acrylic acid or a derivative thereof (such as (meth) acrylic anhydride).
  • Alkali metal or alkaline earth metal bicarbonate such as potassium metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, etc., metal carboxylate (alkali metal or alkaline earth metal acetate such as sodium acetate, calcium acetate, etc.)
  • Inorganic bases such as metal hydroxides (such as alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide and alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as calcium hydroxide); amines [ For example, tertiary amines (trialkylamines such as triethylamine, triisopropylamine and tributylamine, and aromatic tertiary amines such as ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ dimethylaniline) Emissions, such as organic bases, such as heterocyclic tertiary Amin
  • the amount of the catalyst (acid catalyst, base) used depends on the type of the catalyst, but is, for example, 0.01 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of (meth) acrylic acid or a derivative thereof. Preferably it may be about 0.05-5 parts by weight, more preferably about 0.1-3 parts by weight.
  • the reaction may be carried out in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor (thermal polymerization inhibitor), if necessary.
  • a polymerization inhibitor thermal polymerization inhibitor
  • the polymerization inhibitor include hydroxyphenols (hydroquinones such as hydroquinone and hydroquinone monomethyl ether, catechols such as t-butyl catechol, etc.), amines (such as diphenylamine), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picuril. Examples thereof include ruhydrazyl, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperazine, 1-year-old xyl, and the like.
  • the polymerization inhibitors may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the amount of the polymerization inhibitor to be used is, for example, 0.001 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of (meth) acrylic acid or a derivative thereof. Preferably, it may be about 0.005 to 3 parts by weight, more preferably about 0.01 to 1 part by weight.
  • the reaction may be carried out without a solvent, but can usually be carried out in a solvent.
  • the solvent organic solvent
  • examples of the solvent include hydrocarbons (aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, and octane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene); and halogenated hydrocarbons (methylene chloride, Solvent, dialkyl ethers such as getyl ether, cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, etc., ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, etc.) Dialkyl ketones).
  • the solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the amount of the solvent to be used is, for example, 10 to 500 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the polyhydric alcohol represented by the formula (2) and (meth) acrylic acid (or a derivative thereof). — 300 parts by weight, more preferably about 50 to 200 parts by weight.
  • the reaction temperature varies depending on the type of (meth) acrylic acid or a derivative thereof used, but is usually 30 to 180 ° C, preferably 40 to 150 ° C, and more preferably about 50 to 130 ° C. Often, it is done.
  • the reaction time can be adjusted according to the type of the raw material, the reaction temperature, the concentration in the solvent, and the like, and is, for example, about 30 minutes to 48 hours, usually about 124 hours, preferably about 110 hours.
  • the reaction may be carried out while refluxing, while removing water or alcohol by-produced.
  • the reaction may be carried out in air or under an inert atmosphere (nitrogen, rare gas, etc.) with stirring or at normal pressure or under pressure.
  • the produced polyfunctional (meth) atarylate can be obtained by a conventional method, for example, separation means such as filtration, concentration, extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, and column chromatography, or a separation method combining these. It may be separated and purified by a means.
  • separation means such as filtration, concentration, extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, and column chromatography, or a separation method combining these. It may be separated and purified by a means.
  • the present invention includes a polymerizable composition composed of a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate (the compound represented by the formula (1)).
  • the polymerizable composition can usually be composed of at least a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate (the compound represented by the formula (1)) and a polymerization initiator.
  • the polyfunctional (meth) acrylates may be used alone or in combination of two or more to form a polymerizable composition. [0077] (Polymerization initiator)
  • the polymerization initiator includes a thermal polymerization initiator and a photopolymerization initiator.
  • thermal polymerization initiator include dialkyl peroxides (di-butyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, etc.), disilver oxides (dialkanol peroxide (lauroyl peroxide, etc.), diaroyl peroxide, etc.).
  • a photopolymerizable composition can be formed by combining with a photopolymerization initiator.
  • the photopolymerization initiator include various known and commonly used photopolymerization initiators, for example, benzoins (benzoin alkyl ethers such as benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether and benzoin isopropyl ether), and acetophenones (acetophenone). 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropane 1one, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 2,2-diethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1,
  • anthraquinones anthraquinone, 2-methyl Luangthraquinone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, 2-t-butylanthraquinone, 1-chloroanthraquinone, etc.
  • thioxanthones (2,4 dimethylthioxanthone, 2,4-dimethylthioxanthone, 2-cycloethylthoxanthone, 2,4- Examples thereof include diisopropyl thioxanthone, ketals (acetophenone dimethyl ketal, benzyl dimethyl ketal, etc.), benzophenones (benzophenone, etc.), and xanthones.
  • These photopolymerization initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the photopolymerization initiator may be combined with a photosensitizer.
  • photosensitizers include tertiary amines ⁇ eg, trialkylamine, trialkanolamine (such as triethanolamine), N, N-dimethylaminoethyl benzoate [p (dimethylamino) ethyl benzoate, etc.
  • N, N-dimethylamino benzoate [amyl p (dimethylamino) benzoate etc.], alkyl dialkylamino benzoates, and bis (dialkylamino) such as 4,4 bis (getylamino) benzophenone (Michler's ketone)
  • Conventional photosensitizers such as benzophenone, dialkylaminobenzozophenone such as 4- (dimethylamino) benzophenone, and the like.
  • the photosensitizers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the amount of the polymerization initiator (and the total amount of the photosensitizer) used is 0.1 to 30 parts by weight (for example, 110 to 30 parts by weight) per 100 parts by weight of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate. ), Preferably about 11 to 20 parts by weight (for example, 5 to 25 parts by weight), and more preferably about 1.5 to 10 parts by weight. If the amount of the photopolymerization initiator is too small, the polymerizability (or photocurability) of the composition is reduced, while if it is too large, the photopolymerization initiator itself absorbs and the photocurability in a thick film is reduced. May decrease.
  • the amount of the photosensitizer used is 5 to 200 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 150 parts by weight, more preferably 20 to 100 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the polymerization initiator (photopolymerization initiator). It may be about parts by weight.
  • the polymerization initiator may be composed of a thermal polymerization initiator and a photopolymerization initiator.
  • the polymerization initiator is usually often composed of at least a photopolymerization initiator.
  • the polymerizable composition may contain a diluent (reactive diluent, non-reactive diluent).
  • a diluent reactive diluent, non-reactive diluent.
  • the reactive diluent (polymerizable diluent) include a monofunctional monomer and a polyfunctional monomer.
  • Monofunctional monomers include alkyl (meth) acrylates [C alkyl (meth) acrylates such as methyl (meth) acrylate] and cycloalkyl (meth) acrylates.
  • Di- or tetracycloalkyl (meth) acrylates such as isobutyl acrylate], aryl (meth) acrylate [poly (meth) acrylate], hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate [ Hydroxy C alkyl (meta) such as (2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, and 2-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate
  • (Meth) acrylic acid C such as glycol mono (meth) acrylate, alkoxyalkyl (meth) acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, and 3-methoxybutyl (meth) acrylate
  • N-substituted (meth) acrylamides N, N-diCalkyl (meth) acrylamides such as N, N-dimethyl (meth) atarylamide, N-methylol (meth) ataryl
  • N-hydroxy C alkyl (meth) acrylamides such as
  • acrylic monomers such as atalylate (such as N, N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate), glycidyl (meth) acrylate and tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate.
  • Polyfunctional monomers include bifunctional (meth) acrylate, polyfunctional (meth) acrylate, epoxy group-containing compounds (glycerin diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, triglycidyl iso- Poly (glycidyl ethers such as cyanurate) (for example, di to penta) (meth) acrylate and melamine acrylate.
  • Examples of the bifunctional (meth) acrylate include alkylene glycol di (meth) atalylate [ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di C-alkylene glycol di (meth) atalyles such as (meth) atalylate, hexanediol di (meth) atalylate, and neopentyl alcoholic di (meth) atalylate Etc.), (poly) oxyalkylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, dipropylene glycol (Poly) oxy C alkylene glycols such as di (meth) acrylate, tripropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polypropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, poly
  • Di (meth) atalylate eg, glycerin di (meth) atalylate, trimethylolpropane di (meth) atalylate, tris (hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate di (meta) acrylate
  • Atelylate pentaerythritol di (meth) atalylate, and the like, and tetra (di (meth) atalylate).
  • Polyfunctional (meth) acrylates include polyhydric alcohols (or C alkylene oxides thereof).
  • Trifunctional or polyfunctional (meth) acrylates such as glycerin tri (meth) atalylate, trimethylolethanetri (meth) atalylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) atalylate, trimethylol Triol (tri) (meth) acrylates such as propane ethoxy tri (meth) acrylate and tris (hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate tri (meth) acrylate; pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meta) ) Triol or tetra (meth) atalylate of tetraol such as acrylate; ditrimethylolpropane tetra (meth) atalylate; dipentaerythritol tetra (meth) atalylate; dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) atalylate; Can be illustrated
  • the reactive diluents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the amount of the reactive diluent to be used can be selected from the range of 0 to 100 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate, for example, 1 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 50 parts by weight. Parts, more preferably about 1 to 30 parts by weight.
  • the diluent also includes a non-reactive diluent.
  • a non-reactive diluent can improve the coatability of the polymerizable composition.
  • the non-reactive diluent (or solvent) include organic solvents, for example, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, octane, and decane; ketones such as ethyl methyl ketone and cyclohexanone; toluene, xylene, and tetramethyl Benze Aromatic hydrocarbons such as cellosolve, methylcellosolve, butylcellosolve, carbitone, methinorecanolebitone, butinorecanolebitone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycolone monomethinole ether, Glyconorethenoates such as dipropylene glycol jet and tripropylene glycol monomethino
  • the use amount (addition amount) of the non-reactive diluent varies depending on the application method and the like, but a range force of 0 to 500 parts by weight can be selected with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyfunctional (meta) acrylate. Usually, it may be about 10 to 400 parts by weight, preferably about 20 to 300 parts by weight, and more preferably about 30 to 200 parts by weight.
  • the polymerizable composition may further include a polysilane.
  • Polysilane can be effectively added to a polymerizable composition used for optical or electrical use (particularly for optical use) because it can efficiently lower the dielectric constant and increase the refractive index.
  • flame retardancy and water repellency can be improved depending on the type of polysilane (such as a three-dimensional structure such as linear, branched, network, or cyclic structure, and the type of terminal group), flame retardancy and water repellency can be improved.
  • the polysilane is not particularly limited as long as it is a linear, cyclic, branched, or network compound having a Si-Si bond.
  • the polysilane is represented by the following formulas (3) to (5). Examples include polysilanes (including oligosilanes and copolysilanes) having at least one structural unit among the structural units. [0093] [I-Dori 7]
  • R 5 -R 7 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkyloxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group
  • x, y and z each represent 0 or an integer of 1 or more, and the total of x, y and z is 5 to 400.
  • Examples of such a polysilane include a linear or cyclic polysilane having a structural unit represented by the formula (3), a branched or cyclic polysilane having a structural unit represented by the formula (4) or (5).
  • Reticulated polysilane, polysilane having a combination of the structural units represented by the above formulas (3) to (5) (cyclic, branched or reticulated polysilane, for example, represented by the above formulas (3) and (4)) And the like).
  • the alkyl group is a C alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl (preferably a C alkyl group, particularly a C alkyl group).
  • Alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, etc.
  • alkoxy group preferably C alkoxy group, particularly C alkoxy group.
  • Examples of the keninole group include a C phenol group such as vinylol and alinole (preferably a C
  • cycloalkyl group examples include C cycloalkyl groups such as cyclohexyl and methylcyclohexyl (preferably C cycloalkyl groups, more preferably
  • Cycloalkyl group As the cycloalkyloxy group, cyclohexyl
  • C cycloalkyloxy group such as oxy (preferably C cycloalkyloxy group)
  • Cycloalkenyl groups include C cycloalkenyl such as cyclohexenyl.
  • a kenyl group (preferably a c cycloalkyl group) is mentioned.
  • a reel group As a reel group,
  • C aryl groups such as methyl, methyl and dimethyl (preferably C And more preferably a C aryl group).
  • aryloxy group As an aryloxy group,
  • C aryloxy groups such as phenoxy (preferably C aryloxy groups);
  • Aralkyl groups include C aryl C alkyl such as benzyl and phenethyl.
  • a C aryl C alkyloxy group such as benzyloxy (preferably C
  • silyl group silyl group, disila
  • Si silyl group preferably a Si silanyl group
  • R 5 to R 7 are the aforementioned organic substituent or silyl group
  • at least one hydrogen atom thereof is substituted by a substituent such as an alkyl group, an aryl group or an alkoxy group.
  • a substituent such as an alkyl group, an aryl group or an alkoxy group.
  • Examples of such a substituent include the same groups as described above.
  • a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, and a silyl group are often substituted with terminal groups.
  • the substituents R 5 to R 7 are usually hydrocarbon groups such as an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, and an aralkyl group.
  • aryl group C aryl group such as phenol
  • the terminal substituent is usually a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a silyl group, a halogen atom (chlorine Atom) and is preferably composed of at least a hydroxyl group.
  • the structural unit of a specific polysilane, for example, R 5 and R 6 months ⁇ , structural units (3) shift is also Ariru group, R 5 is a Ariru group and R 6 is an alkyl group Structural unit (3), wherein R 5 is an alkyl group or an aryl group, and R 6 is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkyloxy group, a cycloalkyl group, Aryl group, aryloxy group, aralkyl group, aralkyloxy group and silyl group Structural unit (3) which is at least one selected group, structural unit (4) in which R 7 is an alkyl group, and R 7 is an aryl group There are certain structural units (4) and structural units (5).
  • Preferred polysilanes at least one of R 5 and R 6 are structural units of a Ariru group (3) and, polysilane R 7 contains a structural unit (4) is Ariru group, in particular, R 5 and R 6 Structural units (3) each of which is an aryl group (especially a phenyl group), and structural units (3) in which R 5 is an aryl group (especially a phenyl group) and R 6 is an alkyl group (especially a methyl group) And polysilanes composed of structural units (4) in which R 7 is an aryl group (particularly a phenyl group).
  • the structure of the polysilane is preferably cyclic, branched, or mesh-like, and particularly preferably branched.
  • the polysilane copolymer may be a random copolymer, a block copolymer, or a graft copolymer.
  • Typical polysilanes include cyclic polydiaryl silanes (eg, cyclic polydiphenylsilanes (5- to 8-membered rings)), linear polyalkylaryl silanes (such as linear polymethylphenylsilane), and straight-chain polydiarylsilanes.
  • cyclic polydiaryl silanes eg, cyclic polydiphenylsilanes (5- to 8-membered rings
  • linear polyalkylaryl silanes such as linear polymethylphenylsilane
  • straight-chain polydiarylsilanes straight-chain polydiarylsilanes.
  • Polysilin means a branched polysilane composed of the structural unit (4).
  • the degree of polymerization of the polysilane that is, the sum of x, y and z in the structural unit (3)-(5) may be about 5 to 400, preferably about 10 to 350, and more preferably about 20 to 300. .
  • the molecular weight of the polysilane is 300 to 100000, preferably 400 to 50,000 in number average molecular weight, and more preferably about 500 to 20000! / !.
  • the polysilane can be prepared using various known methods.
  • a silicon-containing monomer having a specific structural unit such as mono- or tetrahalosilanes
  • magnesium is used as a reducing agent to remove halosilanes
  • Polycondensation method (“magnesium reduction method”, W098Z29476, JP 2001-48987, JP 2002-226586, etc.)
  • halosilanes in the presence of alkali metal Dehalogen condensation polymerization (“Kipping method", J. Am. Chem.
  • the magnesium reduction method (particularly, the method described in JP-A-2001-48987 and JP-A-2002-226586) is most preferable.
  • the method of introducing the silanol group (terminal hydroxyl group) is not particularly limited, but for example, it can be easily introduced by adding water to the polysilane obtained by the above method.
  • the ratio of the polysilane can be selected from a range of 0 to 100 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate, and is usually 0.1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 0.5 parts by weight. — It may be 20 parts by weight, more preferably about 11 to 20 parts by weight.
  • the polymerizable composition may be, if necessary, a conventional additive such as a coloring agent or a stabilizer (a heat stabilizer, an antioxidant, or an ultraviolet absorber) within a range that does not impair the original characteristics. ), Fillers, antistatic agents, flame retardants (phosphorus-containing compounds such as organic phosphorus compounds and inorganic phosphorus compounds, halogen-containing flame retardants, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal sulfides, etc.), flame retardant aids Agents, leveling agents, silane coupling agents, polymerization inhibitors (or thermal polymerization inhibitors), and the like.
  • the additives may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the proportion of the additive can be appropriately selected according to the type of the additive.
  • 0.5 to 100 parts by weight, 100 parts by weight of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate Preferably it may be about 50 parts by weight, more preferably about 120 parts by weight.
  • the polymerizable composition can be prepared by mixing or mixing a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate and at least a polymerization initiator.
  • the mixing method is not particularly limited, and a conventional method can be used.
  • the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate and the polymerization initiator and other components such as polysilane
  • the diluent particularly, non-reactive Dissolve (or suspend) in a diluent containing a diluent
  • coating Coating
  • the polymerizable composition (particularly, the photopolymerizable composition) (or the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate) of the present invention can be used to obtain a polymerized or cured (or crosslinked) cured product (molded article).
  • a cured product a cured product of the polymerizable composition composed of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate and the polymerization initiator, a cured product of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate
  • a cured product of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate is a molded article
  • it can be obtained by subjecting the polymerizable composition to a curing treatment (heating treatment or light irradiation treatment) during or after the molding.
  • a film-shaped cured product may be obtained by applying a polymerizable composition to a substrate to form a coating film (or a thin film), and then performing a curing treatment.
  • a coating film or a thin film
  • Such coatings (or thin films) can be formed by conventional methods such as flow coating, spin coating, spray coating, screen printing, casting, bar coating, curtain coating, and roll coating. , A dip method or the like can be used.
  • the composition may be dried by a conventional method, and may be dried by heating if necessary. The heating temperature in drying can be appropriately selected depending on the type of the polymerization initiator and the diluent (non-reactive diluent).
  • the drying treatment may be performed in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon or in air, or may be performed under normal pressure or reduced pressure.
  • the thickness of the coating film may be, for example, about 0.01 to 100 / zm, preferably about 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, and more preferably about 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m. .
  • Curing treatment for the polymerizable composition can be selected according to the type of polymerization initiator (thermal polymerization initiator and Z or photopolymerization initiator), and can be performed by heat treatment and Z or light irradiation treatment.
  • the heating temperature is a force depending on the type of the polymerization initiator, for example, about 50 to 250 ° C, preferably about 60 to 150 ° C, and more preferably about 70 to 120 ° C.
  • light irradiation sources include, for example, a low-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high-pressure mercury lamp, a hydrogen lamp, a deuterium lamp, a fluorescent lamp, a halogen lamp, an excimer laser, and a nitrogen laser.
  • the light irradiation amount of energy, application, coating thickness, etc. by different forces typically, 0. 1- lOOOOmjZcm 2, preferably about 0.
  • the exposure time is, for example, 1 second to 13 hours, preferably 5 seconds to 12 hours, and more preferably 10 seconds to 11 hours.
  • Light irradiation may be performed in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon or in the air, or may be performed under normal pressure, increased pressure, or reduced pressure.
  • the heat treatment and the light irradiation treatment may be combined!
  • a polymerizable composition containing a photopolymerization initiator may be further heated after light irradiation (or with light irradiation) in order to promote curing or crosslinking.
  • the shape of the cured product (molded product) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a two-dimensional structure (such as a film, a sheet, and a plate) and a three-dimensional structure (such as a tube, a rod, and a tube). And the like).
  • the cured product of the present invention has a high refractive index and is excellent in optical properties.
  • the cured product (or the cured product of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate) has a refractive index of 1.55 or more (for example, about 1.59-1.7), preferably 1.60 or more (for example, , About 1.60-1.7).
  • the refractive index is, for example, about 1.60 to 1.7, preferably about 1.62 to 1.7.
  • the cured product of the present invention is particularly suitable as an optical material (coating agent such as an optical overcoat agent, a hard coat agent, an antireflection film, an eyeglass lens, an optical fiber, an optical waveguide, a hologram, etc.).
  • an optical material coating agent such as an optical overcoat agent, a hard coat agent, an antireflection film, an eyeglass lens, an optical fiber, an optical waveguide, a hologram, etc.
  • Examples of the shape of such an optical material include a film or sheet, a plate, a lens, and a tube.
  • the polyfunctional (meth) atalylate (and the polymerizable composition thereof) of the present invention has a high refractive index and has light transmittance, hardness, weather resistance, flexibility, mechanical strength, and dimensional stability. It is excellent in plasticity and processability, and is useful as a plastic raw material that meets various required performances. In particular, it is excellent in heat resistance and moisture resistance, and has a high refractive index and high hardness, so that it is used for optical materials, such as optical overcoating agents, hard coating agents, antireflection films, spectacle lenses, optical fibers, etc. , Optical waveguides, holograms and the like.
  • polyhydric alcohol 40 g (0.06 mol) was obtained, acrylic acid 43 g (0.6 mol), 70 weight 0/0 of methanesulfonic acid solution lg, hydroquinone 0. OLG and toluene lOOmL fitted with Dinshi Yu Tak trap The mixture was placed in a reactor, and the esterification reaction was carried out for 5 hours under reflux of toluene. Water generated during the esterification reaction was removed with a Dean-Stark trap to obtain 45 g of the polyhydric alcohol tetraatalylate. Analysis by high performance liquid chromatography 1 revealed that the purity of tetraatalylate was 98%.
  • Polysilane was synthesized by the magnesium reduction method of chlorosilanes described in W098Z29476. That is, THF (tetrahydrofuran) 400ml, Mg (magnesium) 37g , 10 g of iron chloride (FeCl) and 15 g of lithium bromide in a reactor, and
  • Example 2 To 40 g of the tetraphthalate obtained in Example 1, 0.6 g of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1 phenylpropane 1 on was added, and after UV (ultraviolet) light irradiation, the mixture was further cured at 80 ° A cured product was obtained as a transparent film by heat curing with C for 1 hour.
  • the glass transition temperature Tg of the obtained cured product was 225 ° C., and the refractive index was 1.630 (D line).
  • Example 2 Cured as a transparent film by photocuring and heat curing in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 8 g of the polysilane obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was added to 40 g of the tetraacrylate obtained in Example 1 I got something.
  • the Tg of the obtained cured product was 220 ° C., and the refractive index was 1.645 (D line).

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Abstract

A polymerizable composition is composed of a multifunctional (meth)acrylate having a fluorene skeleton which is represented by the formula (1) below. The polymerizable composition may also contain a polymerization initiator (such as a photopolymerization initiator) and a polysilane. (In the formula, R1a, R1b, R2a, and R2b respectively represent a substituent; R3a and R3b respectively represent an alkylene group; R4a and R4b respectively represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; k1 and k2 respectively represent an integer of 0-4; m1 and m2 respectively represent an integer of 0-3; n1 and n2 respectively represent 0 or an integer of not less than 1; and p1 and p2 respectively represent an integer of 2-4. In this connection, m1 + p1 and m2 + p2 are respectively an integer of 2-5.)

Description

多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートおよびその製造方法  Multifunctional (meth) atalylate and method for producing the same
技術分野  Technical field
[0001] 本発明は、光学材料用途 (光学用オーバーコート剤、ハードコート剤、反射防止膜 The present invention relates to optical material applications (optical overcoating agent, hard coating agent, antireflection film)
、眼鏡レンズ、光ファイバ一、光導波路、ホログラムなど)などの材料を形成でき、耐 熱性、屈折率などを向上するために有用な多官能性 (メタ)アタリレート、その製造方 法、および前記多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートで構成された重合性組成物 (及びその硬 化物)に関する。 , Spectacle lenses, optical fibers, optical waveguides, holograms, etc.), and is useful for improving heat resistance, refractive index, etc. The present invention relates to a polymerizable composition (and a cured product thereof) composed of a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate.
背景技術  Background art
[0002] 光学用オーバーコート剤、ハードコート剤、反射防止膜、眼鏡レンズ、光ファイバ一 、光導波路、ホログラムなどの光学材料用途として、熱可塑性榭脂 (ポリカーボネート など)や、熱硬化性榭脂(ジエチレングリコールビスァリルカーボネート(CR— 39)など の多官能性の脂肪族アタリレートなど)の硬化物などが使用されている。このような光 学材料には、耐湿性、耐熱性、高屈折率などの特性の向上が求められており、種々 の光学材料の開発が検討されている。  [0002] Thermoplastic resins (such as polycarbonate) and thermosetting resins are used for optical materials such as optical overcoating agents, hard coating agents, antireflection films, spectacle lenses, optical fibers, optical waveguides, and holograms. Cured products (eg, polyfunctional aliphatic acrylates such as diethylene glycol bisaryl carbonate (CR-39)) are used. Such optical materials are required to have improved properties such as moisture resistance, heat resistance, and high refractive index, and development of various optical materials is being studied.
[0003] 特開平 4 325508号公報 (特許文献 1)には、プラスチックレンズ材料として、 9, 9 ビス (4ーヒドロキシフヱ-ル)フルオレンに (メタ)アクリル酸クロリドを反応させた化合 物、又は 9, 9 ビス(4ーヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルオレンにエチレンォキシド又はプロピ レンォキシドを付加させたのち、(メタ)アクリル酸を反応させた化合物を主成分とする 共重合体が開示されている。  [0003] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4 325508 (Patent Document 1) discloses, as a plastic lens material, a compound obtained by reacting 9,9 bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene with (meth) acrylic acid chloride, or 9, Disclosed is a copolymer containing, as a main component, a compound obtained by adding ethylene oxide or propylene oxide to bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene and then reacting with (meth) acrylic acid.
[0004] しかし、このようなビスアタリレートフルオレンィ匕合物では、架橋密度を高めることが できず、光学材料や塗膜などに要求される特性 (例えば、硬度、耐熱性など)を十分 に向上できない。  [0004] However, such a bis-atalylate fluorene conjugate cannot increase the crosslink density and sufficiently provide properties (eg, hardness, heat resistance, etc.) required for optical materials and coating films. Can't improve.
特許文献 1 :特開平 4 325508号公報 (請求項 1、段落番号 [0010])  Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4 325508 (Claim 1, Paragraph No. [0010])
発明の開示  Disclosure of the invention
発明が解決しょうとする課題  Problems to be solved by the invention
[0005] 従って、本発明の目的は、硬度、耐熱性や耐湿性などの特性を著しく向上できる多 官能性 (メタ)アタリレート、およびその製造方法を提供することにある。 [0005] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to improve the properties such as hardness, heat resistance and moisture resistance. It is an object of the present invention to provide a functional (meth) atalylate and a method for producing the same.
[0006] 本発明の他の目的は、架橋密度を向上できる多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートを提供す ることにめる。  [0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate which can improve the crosslink density.
[0007] 本発明のさらに他の目的は、フルオレン骨格を有する新規な多官能性 (メタ)アタリ レートを、簡便にかつ高収率で製造できる方法を提供することにある。  [0007] Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of easily producing a novel polyfunctional (meth) acrylate having a fluorene skeleton at a high yield.
課題を解決するための手段  Means for solving the problem
[0008] 本発明者らは、前記課題を達成するため鋭意検討した結果、フルオレンの 9位に多 価フ ノールが置換したィ匕合物(又はそのアルキレンオキサイド付加体)の多官能性 ( メタ)アタリレートを使用すると、架橋密度を向上できるとともに、材料 (光学材料など) の硬度や耐熱性などの特性を著しく向上できることを見 ヽだし、本発明を完成した。  [0008] The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, have found that the polyfunctionality of the conjugated product (or alkylene oxide adduct thereof) in which fluorene is substituted with a polyvalent phenol at the 9-position ) It has been found that the use of acrylate allows the crosslink density to be improved and the properties (hardness, heat resistance, etc.) of the material (such as an optical material) to be significantly improved, and the present invention has been completed.
[0009] すなわち、本発明の多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートは、下記式(1)で表されるフルォレ ン骨格を有する (メタ)アタリレートである。  [0009] That is, the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate of the present invention is a (meth) acrylate having a fluorene skeleton represented by the following formula (1).
[0010] [化 1]  [0010] [Formula 1]
Figure imgf000004_0001
Figure imgf000004_0001
(式中、 Rla、 Rlb、 R2aおよび R ま置換基を示し、 R3aおよび R3bはアルキレン基を示し 、 R½および R4bは水素原子又はメチル基を示す。 kl及び k2は同一又は異なって 0又 は 1一 4の整数を示し、 ml及び m2は同一又は異なって 0又は 1一 3の整数を示し、 n 1および n2は同一又は異なって 0又は 1以上の整数を示し、 piおよび p2は同一又は 異なって 2— 4の整数を示す。ただし、 ml +pl及び m2+p2は、 2— 5の整数である ) (Wherein, R la , R lb , R 2a and R also represent a substituent, R 3a and R 3b represent an alkylene group, R ½ and R 4b represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and kl and k2 are the same. Or differently represent an integer of 0 or 14; ml and m2 are the same or different and represent an integer of 0 or 13; n1 and n2 are the same or different and represent an integer of 0 or 1 or more; pi and p2 are the same or different and each represent an integer of 2 to 4, where ml + pl and m2 + p2 are integers of 2 to 5)
前記式(1)において、 R3aおよび R31^C アルキレン基であり、 nlおよび n2力 In the above formula (1), R 3a and R 31 ^ C are an alkylene group;
2-4 一 1 2-4 one 1
2程度であり、 nl +n2力 一 24程度であってもよく、特に、式(1)において、 Rlaおよ び!^がじ アルキル基、 klおよび k2が 0又は 1であり、 R2aおよび R2bが、 C アルキ ル基、 C アルコキシ基又は C ァリール基、 mlおよび m2が 0— 2であり、 R3aおよびIt may be about 2 and nl + n2 force may be about 24. In particular, in equation (1), R la and! ^ Alkyl group, kl and k2 are 0 or 1, and R 2a and R 2b are C alkyl , A C alkoxy group or a C aryl group, ml and m2 are 0-2, R 3a and
1-4 6-8 1-4 6-8
R31^ C ァノレキレン基、 nlおよび n2力 O— 6、 nl +n2力 0— 12であってもよい。 piR 31 ^ C anoreqylene group, nl and n2 force O-6, nl + n2 force 0-12. pi
2-4 2-4
および p2は、それぞれ 2又は 3である場合が多い。また、前記式(1)において、 nlお よび n2が 1以上の好ましい多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートには、 R3aおよび R3 C アル And p2 are often 2 or 3, respectively. In the above formula (1), preferred polyfunctional (meth) acrylates wherein nl and n2 are 1 or more include R 3a and R 3 C
2-4 キレン基であり、 nlおよび n2が 1一 4程度であり、 nl +n2力 一 8程度であり、 piお よび p2がそれぞれ 2である多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートなどが含まれる。  2-4 It is a kylene group, nl and n2 are about 114, nl + n2 force is about 18, and pi and p2 are each 2 and include polyfunctional (meth) acrylates .
[0011] 前記式(1)で表される代表的な多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートには、 9, 9 ビス (ジヒド ロキシフエ-ル)フルオレン類の C アルキレンォキシド付カ卩体の(メタ)アタリレート、 9 [0011] Representative polyfunctional (meth) atalylates represented by the above formula (1) include (meta) of a kazane compound with a C alkylene oxide of 9,9 bis (dihydroxyphenyl) fluorene. ) Atarilate, 9
2-4  2-4
, 9 ビス(トリヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルオレン類の C アルキレンォキシド付カ卩体の(メ  , 9 bis (trihydroxyphenyl) fluorenes with C alkylene oxide
2-4  2-4
タ)アタリレートなどが含まれる。  D) Atarilate and the like.
[0012] 前記式(1)で表される多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートは、特に限定されないが、通常、 下記式(2)で表されるフルオレン骨格を有する多価アルコールと、(メタ)アクリル酸又 はその誘導体とを反応させることにより製造できる。  [0012] The polyfunctional (meth) atalylate represented by the formula (1) is not particularly limited, but is usually a polyhydric alcohol having a fluorene skeleton represented by the following formula (2), and (meth) It can be produced by reacting with acrylic acid or a derivative thereof.
[0013] [化 2]  [0013] [Formula 2]
Figure imgf000005_0001
Figure imgf000005_0001
(式中、 R 、 R 、 R ゝ R ゝ R ゝ R ゝ kl、 k2、 ml、 m2、 nl、 n2、 piおよび p2は前 記に同じ) (Where R, R, R ゝ R ゝ R ゝ R ゝ kl, k2, ml, m2, nl, n2, pi and p2 are the same as above)
本発明は、前記式(1)で表される多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートと、重合開始剤 (例え ば、光重合開始剤)とで構成された重合性組成物を含む。重合開始剤の割合は、前 記式(1)で表される多官能性 (メタ)アタリレート 100重量部に対して 0. 1— 30重量部 程度であってもよい。また、前記重合性組成物は、さらに、ポリシランを含んでいても よい。このようなポリシランには、下記式(3)—(5)で表される構造単位のうち少なくと も 1つの構造単位を有するポリシランなどが含まれ、ポリシランの割合は、前記式(1) で表される多官能性 (メタ)アタリレート 100重量部に対して、例えば、 0. 1一 50重量 部程度であってもよい。 The present invention includes a polymerizable composition composed of the polyfunctional (meth) atalylate represented by the formula (1) and a polymerization initiator (for example, a photopolymerization initiator). The ratio of the polymerization initiator may be about 0.1 to 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate which is represented by the above formula (1). Further, the polymerizable composition may further contain a polysilane. Such a polysilane includes a polysilane having at least one structural unit among the structural units represented by the following formulas (3) to (5). The amount may be, for example, about 0.1 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate which is represented by the following formula.
[0014] [化 3] [0014] [Formula 3]
Figure imgf000006_0001
Figure imgf000006_0001
(式中、 R5— R7は、同一又は異なって、水素原子、ヒドロキシル基、アルキル基、アル コキシ基、ァルケ-ル基、シクロアルキル基、シクロアルキルォキシ基、シクロアルケ -ル基、ァリール基、ァリールォキシ基、ァラルキル基、ァラルキルォキシ基又はシリ ル基を示し、 x、 y及び zはそれぞれ 0又は 1以上の整数を示し、 x、 y及び zの合計は 5 一 400である。 ) (Wherein, R 5 -R 7 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkyloxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group) , An aryloxy group, an aralkyl group, an aralkyloxy group or a silyl group, x, y and z each represent 0 or an integer of 1 or more, and the total of x, y and z is 5 to 400.)
本発明は、前記重合性組成物 (又は前記式(1)で表される多官能性 (メタ)アタリレ ート)が、重合又は硬化した硬化物、およびこの硬化物で構成された材料 (光学材料 など)も含む。  The present invention relates to a cured product obtained by polymerizing or curing the polymerizable composition (or the polyfunctional (meth) atalylate represented by the formula (1)), and a material (optical material) composed of the cured product. Material).
[0015] なお、本明細書において、「(メタ)アタリレート」とは、アタリレート又はメタタリレートを 意味する。また、「(メタ)アタリロイルォキシ」とは、アタリロイルォキシ又はメタタリロイ ルォキシを意味する。  [0015] In the present specification, "(meth) acrylate" means atalylate or metathalilate. Further, “(meth) atalyloyloxy” means atariloyloxy or metharyloyloxy.
発明の効果  The invention's effect
[0016] 本発明の多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートは、フルオレン骨格を有するとともに、多数の 高い重合性を有する (メタ)アタリロイル基を有するので、架橋密度を向上できるととも に、材料 (光学材料など)の硬度や耐熱性などの特性を著しく向上できる。また、本発 明では、多数の (メタ)アタリロイル基を導入でき、フルオレン骨格を有する新規な多 官能性 (メタ)アタリレートを、簡便にかつ高収率で製造できる。  [0016] The polyfunctional (meth) atalylate of the present invention has a fluorene skeleton and a large number of highly polymerizable (meth) atalyloyl groups, so that the crosslink density can be improved and the material (optical) Properties such as hardness and heat resistance can be significantly improved. Further, in the present invention, a large number of (meth) atalyloyl groups can be introduced, and a novel polyfunctional (meth) atalylate having a fluorene skeleton can be easily produced at a high yield.
発明の詳細な説明  Detailed description of the invention
[0017] 本発明の多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートは、下記式(1)で表され、フルオレン類の 9位 に、 2つの多価フエノール類が置換した多価アルコール(又はそのアルキレンォキシ ド付加体)をポリオール成分とする多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートである。 [0017] The polyfunctional (meth) atalylate of the present invention is represented by the following formula (1), wherein a polyhydric alcohol (or its alkylenoxy) is substituted with two polyphenols at the 9-position of fluorenes. (Ad)) as a polyol component.
[0018] [化 4]  [0018] [Formula 4]
Figure imgf000007_0001
Figure imgf000007_0001
(式中、 Rla、 Rlb、 R2aおよび R2bは置換基を示し、 R3aおよび R3bはアルキレン基を示し 、 R½および R4bは水素原子又はメチル基を示す。 kl及び k2は同一又は異なって 0又 は 1一 4の整数を示し、 ml及び m2は同一又は異なって 0又は 1一 3の整数を示し、 n 1および n2は同一又は異なって 0又は 1以上の整数を示し、 piおよび p2は同一又は 異なって 2— 4の整数を示す。ただし、 ml +pl及び m2+p2は、 2— 5の整数である ) (Wherein, R la , R lb , R 2a and R 2b represent a substituent, R 3a and R 3b represent an alkylene group, R ½ and R 4b represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. Kl and k2 represent The same or different, and represent an integer of 0 or 14; ml and m2 represent the same or different and represent an integer of 0 or 13; n1 and n2 represent the same or different and represent an integer of 0 or 1 or more; , Pi and p2 are the same or different and each represent an integer of 2 to 4, where ml + pl and m2 + p2 are integers of 2 to 5)
基 Rlaおよび Rlbで表される置換基としては、特に限定されないが、通常、アルキル 基である場合が多い。アルキル基としては、メチル基、ェチル基、プロピル基、イソプ 口ピル基、ブチル基、 t ブチル基などの C アルキル基(例えば、 C アルキル基、 The substituent represented by the groups R la and R lb is not particularly limited, but is usually an alkyl group in many cases. Examples of the alkyl group include C alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group and a t-butyl group (for example, a C alkyl group,
1-6 1-4  1-6 1-4
特にメチル基)などが例示できる。基 Rlaおよび Rlbは互いに異なっていてもよぐ同一 であってもよい。また、基 Rla (又は Rlb)は、同一のベンゼン環において、異なっていて もよぐ同一であってもよい。なお、フルオレン骨格を構成するベンゼン環に対する基 Rla (又は Rlb)の結合位置 (置換位置)は、特に限定されない。好ましい置換数 klおよ び k2は、 0又は 1、特に、 0である。なお、置換数 kl及び k2は、異なっていてもよいが 、通常、同一である。 Particularly, a methyl group) can be exemplified. The groups R la and R lb can be different or identical. The groups R la (or R lb ) may be different or the same on the same benzene ring. The bonding position (substitution position) of the group R la (or R lb ) to the benzene ring constituting the fluorene skeleton is not particularly limited. Preferred substitution numbers kl and k2 are 0 or 1, especially 0. The substitution numbers kl and k2 may be different, but are usually the same.
[0019] 置換基 R2aおよび R2bとしては、アルキル基 (メチル基、ェチル基、プロピル基、イソプ 口ピル基、ブチル基、 s ブチル基、 t ブチル基などの C アルキル基、好ましくはじ As the substituents R 2a and R 2b , alkyl groups (C alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, s-butyl group, t-butyl group, and the like)
1-20  1-20
アルキル基、さらに好ましくは C アルキル基など)、シクロアルキル基(シクロペン Alkyl group, more preferably C alkyl group, etc.)
1-8 1-6 1-8 1-6
チル基、シクロへキシル基などの C シクロアルキル基、好ましくは C シクロアルキ  C cycloalkyl groups such as tyl and cyclohexyl groups, preferably C cycloalkyl
5-10 5-8  5-10 5-8
ル基、さらに好ましくは C シクロアルキル基など)、ァリール基 [フエニル基、アルキル フエ-ル基 (メチルフエニル基(トリル基)、ジメチルフヱ-ル基(キシリル基)など)など のじ ァリール基、好ましくは C ァリール基、特にフエニル基など]、ァラルキル基(Group, more preferably C cycloalkyl group), aryl group [phenyl group, alkyl Phenyl groups such as phenyl groups (methylphenyl groups (tolyl groups), dimethylphenyl groups (xylyl groups), etc.), preferably C aryl groups, especially phenyl groups, etc., and aralkyl groups (
6-10 6-8 6-10 6-8
ベンジル基、フエネチル基などの C ァリール C アルキル基など)などの炭化水  Carbohydrates such as benzyl and phenethyl groups, etc.
6-10 1-4  6-10 1-4
素基;アルコキシ基 (メトキシ基などの c アルコキシ基など);ヒドロキシル基;ヒドロキ  An alkoxy group (such as a c-alkoxy group such as a methoxy group); a hydroxyl group;
1-4  1-4
シ(ポリ)アルキレンォキシ基 (ヒドロキシ (ポリ) C アルキレンォキシ基など);ァシル基  Si (poly) alkyleneoxy group (such as hydroxy (poly) C alkyleneoxy group); acyl group
2-4  2-4
(ァセチル基などの C ァシル基など);アルコキシカルボニル基 (メトキシカルボニル  (C acetyl group, etc.); alkoxycarbonyl group (methoxycarbonyl
1-6  1-6
基などの C アルコキシカルボニル基など);ハロゲン原子 (フッ素原子、塩素原子な  A halogen atom (such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom).
1-4  1-4
ど);ニトロ基;シァノ基などが挙げられる。  Nitro group; cyano group and the like.
[0020] なお、前記ヒドロキシル基又はヒドロキシ (ポリ)アルキレンォキシ基は、後述する多 官能性 (メタ)アタリレートの製造方法にぉ 、て、原料となる多価アルコールの残基(( メタ)アクリル酸又はその誘導体と反応しな力つた基)である場合が多 、。  [0020] The hydroxyl group or hydroxy (poly) alkylenoxy group may be used as a starting material for a polyhydric alcohol residue ((meth)) according to a method for producing a polyfunctional (meth) atalylate described below. A strong group that does not react with acrylic acid or a derivative thereof).
[0021] 好まし 、置換基 R2a (又は R2b)は、アルキル基 (C アルキル基)、シクロアルキル基( [0021] Preferably, the substituent R 2a (or R 2b ) is an alkyl group (C alkyl group), a cycloalkyl group (
1-6  1-6
C シクロアルキル基)、ァリール基 (C ァリール基)、ァラルキル基 (C ァリール C cycloalkyl group), aryl group (C aryl group), aralkyl group (C aryl group)
5-8 6-10 6-85-8 6-10 6-8
C アルキル基)、ヒドロキシル基、ヒドロキシ(ポリ)アルキレンォキシ基(ヒドロキシ(ポC alkyl group), hydroxyl group, hydroxy (poly) alkyleneoxy group (hydroxy (poly
1-2 1-2
リ) C アルキレンォキシ基)である。これらのうち、特に、 C アルキル基、 C アルコ I) C alkyleneoxy group). Of these, C alkyl group, C alcohol
2-4 1-4 1-4 キシ基、 C ァリール基が好ま U、。置換基 R2a (又は R2b)は、単独で又は 2種以上組 2-4 1-4 1-4 X, C aryl groups are preferred. The substituent R 2a (or R 2b ) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
6-8  6-8
み合わせてベンゼン環に置換していてもよい。また、基 R2aおよび R2bは互いに同一又 は異なっていてもよいが、通常、同一である。また、基 R2a (又は R2b)は、同一のベンゼ ン環において、異なっていてもよく、同一であってもよい。 The benzene ring may be substituted in combination. The groups R 2a and R 2b may be the same or different from each other, but are usually the same. The groups R 2a (or R 2b ) may be different or the same in the same benzene ring.
[0022] また、置換基 R2a (又は R2b)の置換位置は、特に限定されず、(メタ)アタリロイルォキ シ基又は (メタ)アタリロイルォキシ (ポリ)アルコキシ基 (以下、(メタ)アタリロイルォキ シ基含有基と総称する場合がある)の置換位置に応じて、フエ-ル基の 2— 6位 (例え ば、 2位、 5位、 2, 5—位など)に置換できる。 The substitution position of the substituent R 2a (or R 2b ) is not particularly limited, and may be a (meth) atalyloyloxy group or a (meth) atalyloyloxy (poly) alkoxy group (hereinafter, (meth) atariloyloxy). Depending on the substitution position of the group (which may be collectively referred to as a group-containing group), it can be substituted at the 2- to 6-positions (for example, the 2-, 5-, and 2,5-positions) of the fuel group.
[0023] 好ましい置換数 mlおよび m2は、(メタ)アタリロイルォキシ基含有基の置換数にも よるが、 0— 2、さらに好ましくは 0— 1 (特に 0)である。なお、置換数 mlおよび m2は、 異なっていてもよいが、通常、同一である場合が多い。 [0023] The preferred number of substitutions ml and m2 is 0-2, more preferably 0-1 (particularly 0), though it depends on the number of substitutions of the (meth) atalyloyloxy group-containing group. The substitution numbers ml and m2 may be different, but usually are often the same.
[0024] R3aおよび R3bで表されるアルキレン基としては、限定されないが、例えば、 C アル [0024] The alkylene group represented by R 3a and R 3b is not limited.
2-4 キレン基(エチレン基、トリメチレン基、プロピレン基、ブタン 1, 2—ジィル基など)など が例示でき、特に、 c アルキレン基 (特に、エチレン基、プロピレン基)が好まし 、。 2-4 Kylene group (ethylene group, trimethylene group, propylene group, butane 1,2-diyl group, etc.) And an alkylene group (particularly, an ethylene group or a propylene group) is particularly preferable.
2-3  2-3
なお、 R3aおよび R3bは互いに同一の又は異なるアルキレン基であってもよいが、通常 、同一のァノレキレン基である。 In addition, R 3a and R 3b may be the same or different alkylene groups, but are usually the same anoalkylene group.
[0025] アルコキシ基の置換数 (付加数) nlおよび n2は、同一又は異なって、 0— 15程度 の範囲力も選択でき、例えば、 0— 12 (例えば、 1一 12)、好ましくは 0— 8 (例えば、 1 一 8)、さらに好ましくは 0— 6 (例えば、 1一 6)、特に 0— 4 (例えば、 1一 4)程度であつ てもよい。また、 nlと n2の和(nl +n2)は、 0— 30程度の範囲力も選択でき、例えば 、 0— 24 (例えば、 2— 24)、好ましくは 0— 16 (例えば、 2— 12)、さらに好ましくは 0 一 12 (例えば、 2— 10)、特に 0— 8 (例えば、 2— 8)程度であってもよい。なお、 nl ( 又は n2)が 2以上の場合、ポリアルコキシ(ポリアルキレンォキシ)基は、同一のアルコ キシ基で構成されていてもよぐ異種のアルコキシ基 (例えば、エトキシ基とプロピレン ォキシ基)が混在して構成されていてもよいが、通常、同一のアルコキシ基で構成さ れている場合が多い。 The substitution numbers (addition numbers) nl and n2 of the alkoxy group are the same or different, and a force in the range of about 0 to 15 can be selected. For example, 0 to 12 (for example, 1 to 12), preferably 0 to 8 (For example, 1 to 8), more preferably about 0 to 6 (for example, 1 to 6), particularly about 0 to 4 (for example, 1 to 4). Further, the sum of nl and n2 (nl + n2) can be selected from a range of about 0-30, for example, 0-24 (for example, 2-24), preferably 0-16 (for example, 2-12), More preferably, it may be about 0 to 12 (for example, 2 to 10), particularly about 0 to 8 (for example, 2 to 8). When nl (or n2) is 2 or more, the polyalkoxy (polyalkyleneoxy) group may be a different alkoxy group (for example, an ethoxy group and a propyleneoxy group) which may be composed of the same alkoxy group. ) May be present in combination, but usually they are often composed of the same alkoxy group.
[0026] (メタ)アタリロイルォキシ基含有基の置換数 piおよび P2は、 2— 3が好ましぐ特に 2力好まし!/ヽ。また、 piと p2との禾ロ(pl +p2)は、 f列えば、、 4一 8、好ましくは 4一 6程度 (特に 4)であってもよい。なお、置換数 piおよび ρ2は、異なっていてもよいが、通常 、同一である場合が多い。(メタ)アタリロイルォキシ基含有基の置換位置は、特に限 定されず、 pi (又は ρ2)の数に応じて、フルオレンの 9位に置換するフ -ル基の 2— 6位力も選択でき、 pi (又は ρ2)が 2の場合、例えば、 3, 4一位、 3, 5—位などであつ てもよい。 1つの (メタ)アタリロイルォキシ基含有基が、通常、 4位に置換していてもよ い。 [0026] The number of substitutions pi and P2 of the (meth) atalyloyloxy group-containing group are preferably 2-3, particularly preferably 2! / ヽ. In addition, the number of pi (p + p2) between pi and p2 may be about 418, preferably about 416 (particularly 4,) if f rows are used. The substitution numbers pi and ρ2 may be different, but are usually the same in many cases. The substitution position of the (meth) atalyloyloxy group-containing group is not particularly limited. Depending on the number of pi (or ρ2), the 2-6 position of the fluorene substituted at the 9-position of fluorene is also selected. When pi (or ρ2) is 2, the position may be, for example, the first, third or fourth position, or the third or fifth position. One (meth) atalyloyloxy group-containing group may be usually substituted at the 4-position.
[0027] なお、同一のベンゼン環に置換する複数の (メタ)アタリロイルォキシ基含有基は、 同一であってもよぐ異なっていてもよい。例えば、複数の (メタ)アタリロイルォキシ基 含有基が、 ( nl = 0 (n2 = 0)である(メタ)アタリロイルォキシ基単独で構成されて!ヽ てもよく、(ii) nl = 0 (n2 = 0)である(メタ)アタリロイルォキシ基と nl≠0 (n2≠ 0)であ る(メタ)アタリロイルォキシ (ポリ)アルコキシ基(2— (メタ)アタリロイルォキシエトキシ基 など)とで構成されて 、てもよく、(iii) nl≠ 0 (n2半 0)である同一の(メタ)アタリロイル ォキシ(ポリ)アルコキシ基単独で構成されて 、てもよく、(iv) nl≠ 0 (n2半 0)である 異なる (メタ)アタリロイルォキシ (ポリ)アルコキシ基 [例えば、 2— (メタ)アタリロイルォ キシエトキシ基と 2— (2— (メタ)アタリロイルォキシエトキシ)エトキシ基]で構成されて いてもよい。 [0027] The plurality of (meth) atalyloyloxy group-containing groups substituted on the same benzene ring may be the same or different. For example, a plurality of (meth) atalyloyloxy group-containing groups may be constituted solely by a (meth) atalyloyloxy group in which (nl = 0 (n2 = 0)!), And (ii) nl = 0 (n2 = 0) (meth) atalyloyloxy group and nl ≠ 0 (n2 ≠ 0) (meth) atalyloyloxy (poly) alkoxy group (2- (meth) atalyloyl And (iii) the same (meth) atalyloyloxy (poly) alkoxy group having nl ≠ 0 (n2 半 0) alone, or (Iv) nl ≠ 0 (n2 half 0) It may be composed of different (meth) atalyloyloxy (poly) alkoxy groups [for example, 2- (meth) atalyloyloxyethoxy group and 2- (2- (meth) atalyloyloxyethoxy) ethoxy group].
[0028] 前記式(1)で表される代表的な多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートとしては、例えば、 9, 9- ビス(ジ (メタ)アタリロイルォキシフエ-ル)フルオレン類、 9, 9 ビス(トリ(メタ)アタリ口 ィルォキシフエ-ル)フルオレン類、これらに対応する多価アルコール [9, 9 ビス(ジ 又はトリヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルオレン類]のアルキレンォキシド(C アルキレンォキ  [0028] Representative polyfunctional (meth) acrylates represented by the above formula (1) include, for example, 9,9-bis (di (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorenes, 9 , 9-Bis (tri (meth) ataryloxyphenyl) fluorenes and their corresponding polyhydric alcohols [9,9-bis (di- or trihydroxyphenyl) fluorenes] alkylene oxides (C alkylene oxides)
2-4  2-4
シド)付加体の (メタ)アタリレートなどが挙げられる。  (Meth) acrylates of (side) adducts.
[0029] 9, 9 ビス(ジ (メタ)アタリロイルォキシフエ-ル)フルオレン類には、例えば、 9, 9— ビス(ジ (メタ)アタリロイルォキシフエ-ル)フルオレン [9, 9ービス(3, 4—ジ (メタ)ァク リロイルォキシフエ-ル)フルオレン、 9, 9 ビス(2, 4—ジ(メタ)アタリロイルォキシフエ -ル)フルオレン、 9, 9 ビス(2, 5—ジ(メタ)アタリロイルォキシフエ-ル)フルオレン など]、置換基を有する 9, 9 ビス(ジ (メタ)アタリロイルォキシフヱ-ル)フルオレン { 例えば、 9, 9 ビス(アルキルージ (メタ)アタリロイルォキシフエ-ル)フルオレン [9, 9 ビス(3, 4—ジ (メタ)アタリロイルォキシ 5—メチルフエ-ル)フルオレン、 9, 9 ビス(3 , 4ージ (メタ)アタリロイルォキシ 6—メチルフエ-ル)フルオレンなどの 9, 9 ビス(C  [0029] 9,9-bis (di (meth) atalyloyloxyphenol) fluorenes include, for example, 9,9-bis (di (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorene [9, 9] Bis (3,4-di (meth) acryloyloxyphenyl) fluorene, 9,9 bis (2,4-di (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorene, 9,9 bis (2 , 5-di (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorene, etc.], and substituted 9,9 bis (di (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorene {eg, 9,9 bis ( Alkyldi (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorene [9,9 bis (3,4-di (meth) atalyloyloxy 5-methylphenyl) fluorene, 9,9 bis (3,4 ( 9,9 bis (C) such as (meth) atariloyloxy 6-methylphenyl) fluorene
1-4 アルキルージ (メタ)アタリロイルォキシフエ-ル)フルオレン、 9, 9 ビス(2, 4—ジ (メタ )アタリロイルォキシ 3, 6—ジメチルフエ-ル)フルオレンなどの 9, 9 ビス(ジ C アル  1-4,9,9 bis (alkyldi (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorene and 9,9 bis (2,4-di (meth) atalyloyloxy 3,6-dimethylphenyl) fluorene The C Al
1-4 キルージ (メタ)アタリロイルォキシフエ-ル)フルオレンなど]、 9, 9—ビス(アルコキシ ジ(メタ)アタリロイルォキシフエ-ル)フルオレン [例えば、 9, 9 ビス(3, 4—ジ (メタ) アタリロイルォキシー 5—メトキシフエ-ル)フルオレンなどの 9, 9 ビス(C アルコキシ  1-4 Kilji (meth) ataliloyloxyphenyl) fluorene, etc.], 9,9-bis (alkoxydi (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorene [eg, 9,9 bis (3,4 9,9 bis (C alkoxy) such as di (meth) ataryloxy-5-methoxyphenyl) fluorene
1-4 1-4
—ジ (メタ)アタリロイルォキシフエ-ル)フルオレンなど]、 9, 9 ビス(ァリールージ (メタ )アタリロイルォキシフエ-ル)フルオレン [例えば、 9, 9 ビス(3, 4—ジ (メタ)アタリ口 ィルォキシー 5—フエ-ルフエ-ル)フルオレンなどの 9, 9 ビス(C ァリールージ(メタ —Di (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorene, etc.), 9,9 bis (arylyl (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorene [eg, 9,9 bis (3,4-di (meta) ) Atari mouth (9-bis) such as 5-hydroxy-fluorene) fluorene
6-8  6-8
)アタリロイルォキシフエ-ル)フルオレンなど]など }などが含まれる。  ) Atariloyloxyphenyl) fluorene etc.] etc. are included.
[0030] 9, 9 ビス(トリ(メタ)アタリロイルォキシフエ-ル)フルオレン類には、上記 9, 9—ビス  [0030] The 9,9-bis (tri (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorenes include the 9,9-bis
(ジ (メタ)アタリロイルォキシフエ-ル)フルオレン類に対応するフルオレン類、例えば 、 9, 9 ビス(2, 4, 6— (メタ)アタリロイルォキシフエ-ル)フルオレン、 9, 9 ビス(2, 4, 5—トリ(メタ)アタリロイルォキシフエ-ル)フルオレン、 9, 9 ビス(3, 4, 5—トリ(メタ )アタリロイルォキシフエ-ル)フルオレンなどの 9, 9—ビス(トリ(メタ)アタリロイルォキ シフエ-ル)フルオレンなどが含まれる。 Fluorenes corresponding to (di (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorenes, for example, 9,9 bis (2,4,6 -— (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorene, 9,9 Screw (2, 9, 9-bis (such as 4,5-tri (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorene and 9,9 bis (3,4,5-tri (meth) atalyloyloxyphenyl) fluorene Tri (meta) atariloyloxyphenyl) fluorene and the like.
[0031] 9, 9 ビス(ジヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルオレン類のアルキレンォキシド付カ卩体の(メタ )アタリレートには、例えば、 9, 9 ビス [3, 4—ジ(2— (メタ)アタリロイルォキシエトキシ )フエ-ル]フルオレンなどの 9, 9 ビス [ジ(2— (メタ)アタリロイルォキシ C アルコキ [0031] Examples of the (meth) atalylate of an alkylene oxide-carrying compound of 9,9 bis (dihydroxyphenyl) fluorene include, for example, 9,9 bis [3,4-di (2- (meta) Atariloyloxyethoxy) phenyl] fluorene and other 9,9 bis [di (2- (meth) ataliloyloxy C alkoxy]
2-4 シ)フエ-ル]フルオレン(nl =n2= l)、 9, 9 ビス {3, 4—ジ [2— (2— (メタ)アタリロイ ルォキシエトキシ)エトキシ]フエ-ル}フルオレンなどの 9, 9 ビス {ジ [2—(2 (メタ) アタリロイルォキシ C アルコキシ) C アルコキシフエ-ル]フルオレン } (nl =n2 = 2  2-4 Si) phenyl] fluorene (nl = n2 = l), 9,9 bis {3,4-di [2- (2- (meth) atalyloyl ethoxyethoxy) ethoxy] phenyl} fluorene , 9 bis {di [2- (2 (meth) atalyloyloxy C alkoxy) C alkoxyphenyl] fluorene} (nl = n2 = 2
2-4 2-4  2-4 2-4
)などが含まれる。  ).
[0032] 9, 9 ビス(トリヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルオレン類のアルキレンォキシド付カ卩体の(メタ )アタリレートには、例えば、 9, 9 ビス [3, 4, 5—トリ(2— (メタ)アタリロイルォキシエト キシ)フエ-ル]フルオレンなどの 9, 9 ビス [ジ(2— (メタ)アタリロイルォキシ C アル  [0032] (Meth) acrylates of alkylene oxide-carrying bodies of 9,9 bis (trihydroxyphenyl) fluorenes include, for example, 9,9 bis [3,4,5-tri (2- 9,9-bis [di (2- (meth) atalyloyloxy C al) such as (meth) atariloyloxyethoxy) phenyl] fluorene
2-4 コキシ)フエ-ル]フルオレン(nl =n2= l)、 9, 9 ビス {3, 4, 5—トリ [2— (2— (メタ) アタリロイルォキシエトキシ)エトキシ]フエ-ル}フルオレンなどの 9, 9 ビス {トリ [2—( 2- (メタ)アタリロイルォキシ C アルコキシ) C アルコキシフエ-ル]フルオレン } (nl  2-4 Coxy) phenyl] fluorene (nl = n2 = l), 9,9 bis {3,4,5-tri [2- (2- (meth) atalyloyloxyethoxy) ethoxy] phenyl } 9,9 bis such as fluorene {tri [2- (2- (meth) atalyloyloxy C alkoxy) C alkoxyphenyl] fluorene} (nl
2-4 2-4  2-4 2-4
=n2 = 2)などが含まれる。  = n2 = 2).
[0033] これらの多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートのうち、特に、 9, 9—ビス(ジヒドロキシフエ-ル) フルオレン類の C アルキレンオキサイド付カ卩体の(メタ)アタリレート{例えば、 9, 9— [0033] Among these polyfunctional (meth) acrylates, in particular, (meth) atalylate of C-alkylene oxide-added kamitol of 9,9-bis (dihydroxyphenyl) fluorenes {for example, 9, 9—
2-4  2-4
ビス [ジ(2— (メタ)アタリロイルォキシ C アルコキシ)フエ-ル]フルオレン、 9, 9—ビス  Bis [di (2- (meth) atalyloyloxy C alkoxy) phenyl] fluorene, 9, 9-bis
2-3  2-3
{ジ [2— (2— (メタ)アタリロイルォキシ C アルコキシ) C アルコキシ]フエ-ル}フルォ  {Di [2- (2- (meth) atalyloyloxy C alkoxy) C alkoxy] phenyl} fluor
2-3 2-3  2-3 2-3
レンなど }、9, 9 ビス(トリヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルオレン類の C アルキレンォキサイ  }, 9,9 Bis (trihydroxyphenyl) fluorene C alkyleneoxy
2-4  2-4
ド付加体の (メタ)アタリレート{例えば、 9, 9-ビス [トリ(2- (メタ)アタリロイルォキシ C アルコキシ)フエ-ル]フルオレン、 9, 9—ビス {トリ [2— (2— (メタ)アタリロイルォキシ (Meta) acrylates such as 9,9-bis [tri (2- (meth) atalyloyloxy C alkoxy) phenyl] fluorene, 9,9-bis {tri [2— (2 — (Meth) atariloyloxy
2-3 2-3
C アルコキシ) C アルコキシ]フエ-ル}フルオレンなど }などが好ましい。  C alkoxy) C alkoxy] phenyl} fluorene and the like are preferred.
2-3 2-3  2-3 2-3
[0034] 本発明の多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートは、フルオレン骨格を有するとともに、高い反 応性を有する多数の (メタ)アタリロイルォキシ基含有基 (特に、(メタ)アタリロイルォキ シ (ポリ) C アルコキシ基)を有して ヽるため、種々の優れた特性 (特に、高 、屈折率  The polyfunctional (meth) atalylate of the present invention has a large number of (meth) atalyloyloxy group-containing groups (particularly, (meth) atalyloyloxy (poly)) having a fluorene skeleton and having high reactivity. C alkoxy group), it has various excellent properties (particularly high refractive index
2-4 、光透過性、高い硬度、耐候性、可撓性、強度などの光学的用途に要求される特性) を付与するのに有用である。また、高反応性の (メタ)アタリロイルォキシ基含有基を 多数有しているので、重合速度を向上できるとともに、硬化物の架橋密度を著しく大 きくでき、高硬度の硬化物を効率よく得ることができる。 2-4 , Light transmittance, high hardness, weather resistance, flexibility, strength and the like required for optical applications). In addition, since it has a large number of highly reactive (meth) atalyloyloxy group-containing groups, the polymerization rate can be improved, the crosslink density of the cured product can be significantly increased, and a highly hardened cured product can be efficiently produced. Obtainable.
[0035] [多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートの製造方法]  [Method for Producing Polyfunctional (Meth) Atharylate]
本発明の多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートは、特に限定されないが、下記式 (2)で表され るフルオレン骨格を有する多価アルコールと、(メタ)アクリル酸又はその誘導体とを 反応させること〖こより製造できる。  The polyfunctional (meth) atalylate of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is prepared by reacting a polyhydric alcohol having a fluorene skeleton represented by the following formula (2) with (meth) acrylic acid or a derivative thereof. It can be manufactured from this.
[0036] [化 5] [0036] [Formula 5]
Figure imgf000012_0001
Figure imgf000012_0001
(式中、 R 、 R 、 R ゝ R ゝ R ゝ R ゝ ml、 m2、 kl、 k2、 nl、 n2、 piおよび p2は前 記に同じ) (Where R, R, R ゝ R ゝ R ゝ R ゝ ml, m2, kl, k2, nl, n2, pi and p2 are the same as above)
上記式(2)で表される多価アルコールにおいて、好ましい基および置換数 (R、 k、 m、 n、 p)は前記と同様である。代表的な多価アルコールとしては、例えば、 9, 9ービ ス(ジヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルオレン [9, 9 ビス(3, 4—ジヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルォレ ン(ビスカテコールフルオレン(BCAF) )、 9, 9 ビス(2, 4—ジヒドロキシフエ-ル)フ ルオレン、 9, 9 ビス(2, 5—ジヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルオレン]、置換基を有する 9, 9 ビス(ジヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルオレン {例えば、 9, 9 ビス(モノ又はジ C アルキル  In the polyhydric alcohol represented by the above formula (2), preferable groups and substitution numbers (R, k, m, n, p) are the same as described above. Representative polyhydric alcohols include, for example, 9,9-bis (dihydroxyphenyl) fluorene [9,9-bis (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) fluorene (biscatecholfluorene (BCAF)), 9,9-bis (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl) fluorene, 9,9-bis (2,5-dihydroxyphenyl) fluorene], substituted 9,9-bis (dihydroxyphenyl) fluorene { For example, 9,9 bis (mono or di C alkyl
1-4 1-4
—ジヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルオレン [9, 9 ビス(3, 4—ジヒドロキシー 5—メチルフエ-ル )フルオレンなど]、 9, 9 ビス(C アルコキシージヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルオレン [9, —Dihydroxyphenyl) fluorene [9,9 bis (3,4-dihydroxy-5-methylphenyl) fluorene, etc.], 9,9 bis (C alkoxydihydroxyphenyl) fluorene [9,
1-4  1-4
9 ビス(3, 4—ジヒドロキシー 5—メトキシフエ-ル)フルオレンなど]、 9, 9 ビス(C ァ  9 bis (3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl) fluorene, etc.], 9,9 bis (C
6-8 リールージヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルオレン [9, 9 ビス(3, 4—ジヒドロキシー 5—フエ-ル フエ-ル)フルオレンなど]など }などの 9, 9—ビス(ジヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルオレン類 ;これらに対応する 9, 9 ビス(トリヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルオレン類 [9, 9 ビス(2, 4, 6—トリヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルオレン、 9, 9ービス(2, 4, 5—トリヒドロキシフエ-ル)フ ルオレン、 9, 9 ビス(3, 4, 5—トリヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルオレンなど] ;これらのアル キレンォキシド付カ卩体 {例えば、 9, 9 ビス [3, 4—ジ(2—ヒドロキシエトキシ)フエ-ル] フルオレンなどの 9, 9 ビス [ジ(2—ヒドロキシ C アルコキシ)フエ-ル]フルオレン、 9 6,9-bis (dihydroxyphenyl) fluorene such as 6-8 Lyldihydroxyphenyl) fluorene [9,9-bis (3,4-dihydroxy-5-phenylphenyl) fluorene, etc.] Kind 9,9-bis (trihydroxyphenyl) fluorenes corresponding to these [9,9-bis (2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl) fluorene, 9,9-bis (2,4,5-tri- Hydroxyphenyl) fluorene, 9,9-bis (3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl) fluorene, etc.]; these alkylene oxide-capped products {eg, 9,9-bis [3,4-di- Bis [di (2-hydroxyC alkoxy) phenyl] fluorene, such as (2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl] fluorene, 9
2-4  2-4
, 9 ビス {3, 4—ジ [2— (2—ヒドロキシエトキシ)エトキシ]フエ-ル}フルオレンなどの 9 , 9 ビス {ジ [2— (2—ヒドロキシ C アルコキシ) C アルコキシフエ-ル]フルオレン }  9,9 bis {di [2- (2-hydroxyCalkoxy) Calkoxyphenyl] fluorene, such as 9,9bis {3,4-di [2- (2-hydroxyethoxy) ethoxy] phenyl} fluorene }
2-4 2-4  2-4 2-4
など }などが含まれる。  Etc. are included.
[0037] 多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートの製造において、多価アルコールの純度は、特に限定 されないが、通常、 95重量%以上、好ましくは 96重量%以上、さらに好ましくは 98重 量%以上である。  [0037] In the production of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate, the purity of the polyhydric alcohol is not particularly limited, but is usually 95% by weight or more, preferably 96% by weight or more, and more preferably 98% by weight or more. is there.
[0038] なお、前記式(2)で表される多価アルコールは、新規な化合物であり、通常、以下 の方法により簡便に製造できる。前記式 (2)で表される多価アルコールの製造方法 は、特に限定されないが、通常、酸触媒の存在下で、下記式(2a)で表されるフルォ レノン類と、下記式(2b)で表される多価フエノール類とを反応させる工程を少なくとも 含む。  [0038] The polyhydric alcohol represented by the above formula (2) is a novel compound and can be usually easily produced by the following method. The method for producing the polyhydric alcohol represented by the formula (2) is not particularly limited, but is usually a fluorenone represented by the following formula (2a) and a fluorenone represented by the following formula (2b) in the presence of an acid catalyst. At least the step of reacting with a polyvalent phenol represented by the formula:
[0039] [化 6] [0039] [Formula 6]
Figure imgf000013_0001
Figure imgf000013_0001
(式中、 R2は置換基を示し、 mは 0又は 1一 3の整数、 pは 2— 4の整数を示す。ただ し、 m+pは、 2— 5の整数である。 Rla、 Rlb、 kl、および k2は前記に同じ) (In the formula, R 2 represents a substituent, m represents an integer of 0 or 13 and p represents an integer of 2-4. However, m + p is an integer of 2-5. R la , R lb , kl, and k2 are the same as above)
すなわち、(i) nl及び n2が 0である多価アルコール(9, 9—ビス(ポリヒドロキシフエ- ル)フルオレン類)は、酸触媒の存在下で、前記式(2a)で表されるフルォレノン類と、 前記式(2b)で表される多価フエノール類とを反応させることにより製造できる。そして 、(ii) nl及び Z又は n2が 1以上の多価アルコールは、酸触媒の存在下で、前記式( 2a)で表されるフルォレノン類と、前記式(2b)で表される多価フ ノール類とを反応さ せた後、生成した 9, 9—ビス(ポリヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルオレン類に、さらに、アルキ レンオキサイド又はアルキレンカーボネートを反応させることにより製造できる。 That is, (i) polyhydric alcohols (9,9-bis (polyhydroxyphenyl) fluorenes) in which nl and n2 are 0 are converted to fluorenone represented by the above formula (2a) in the presence of an acid catalyst. And a polyhydric phenol represented by the formula (2b). And (ii) the polyhydric alcohol wherein nl and Z or n2 is 1 or more is converted to the above-mentioned formula (I) in the presence of an acid catalyst. After reacting the fluorenone represented by 2a) with the polyvalent phenol represented by the formula (2b), the resulting 9,9-bis (polyhydroxyphenyl) fluorene is Further, it can be produced by reacting an alkylene oxide or an alkylene carbonate.
[0040] なお、前記式(2b)にお!/、て、 R2は、前記 R2a又は R2bに対応しており、 mは前記 ml 又は m2に対応しており、 pは前記 pi又は p2に対応しており、好ましい態様などは前 記例示のとおりである。 In the above formula (2b), R 2 corresponds to R 2a or R 2b , m corresponds to ml or m2, and p corresponds to pi or This corresponds to p2, and preferred embodiments and the like are as described above.
[0041] (nlおよび n2が 0である多価アルコールの製造方法)  (Method for producing polyhydric alcohol wherein nl and n2 are 0)
前記式(2a)で表されるフルォレノン類(以下、単にフルォレノン類と!/、う場合がある )は、前記式(2)で表される多価アルコールのフルオレン骨格に対応しており、代表 的なフルォレノン類は、 9 フルォレノンである。なお、使用するフルォレノン類の純度 は、特に限定されないが、通常、 95重量%以上、好ましくは 99重量%以上である。  The fluorenone represented by the above formula (2a) (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as fluorenone !!) corresponds to the fluorene skeleton of the polyhydric alcohol represented by the above formula (2), and A typical fluorenone is 9 fluorenone. The purity of the fluorenone used is not particularly limited, but is usually 95% by weight or more, preferably 99% by weight or more.
[0042] 前記式(2b)で表される多価フエノール類 (以下、単に多価フエノールと 、う場合が ある)は、前記式(1)において、 9位に置換したポリヒドロキシフエニル基に対応してお り、代表的な多価フエノール (ポリヒドロキシベンゼン)類としては、例えば、ジヒドロキ シベンゼン(カテコール、レゾルシノール、ヒドロキノン)、アルキルージヒドロキシベン ゼン [ジヒドロキシトルエン(3, 5—ジヒドロキシトルエン(オルシノール)、 3—メチルカテ コール、 4ーメチルカテコールなど)、 4 tーブチルカテコール、ジヒドロキシキシレン(2 , 6—ジヒドロキシー p—キシレンなど)などのモノ又はジ C アルキルージヒドロキシベン  [0042] The polyhydric phenols represented by the above formula (2b) (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as "polyphenol") may be substituted with a polyhydroxyphenyl group substituted at the 9-position in the above formula (1). Corresponding, representative polyvalent phenols (polyhydroxybenzenes) include, for example, dihydroxybenzene (catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone), alkyldihydroxybenzene [dihydroxytoluene (3,5-dihydroxytoluene (orcinol) ), 3-methylcatechol, 4-methylcatechol, etc.), 4 t-butylcatechol, dihydroxyxylene (2,6-dihydroxy-p-xylene, etc.)
1-6  1-6
ゼン、テトラヒドロウルシオール(2, 3—ジヒドロキシ— 1 ペンタデシルベンゼン)など] 、ァリールージヒドロキシベンゼン(2, 3—ジヒドロキシビフエニル、 3, 4—ジヒドロキシビ フエ-ルなどの C ァリールージヒドロキシベンゼンなど)、ハロージヒドロキシベンゼン(  Zen, tetrahydrourushiol (2,3-dihydroxy-1 pentadecylbenzene), etc., and aryldihydroxybenzene (2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl, 3,4-dihydroxybiphenyl, etc. C aryldihydroxybenzene, etc.) ), Halodihydroxybenzene (
6-8  6-8
クロロカテコール、 2, 4ージフルォロヒドロキノンなどのモノ又はジハロージヒドロキシべ ンゼンなど)、ニトロージヒドロキシベンゼン(ニトロカテコールなど)、アルコキシ ジヒド ロキシベンゼン(3—メトキシカテコール、 4, 6—ジー tーブチルー 3—メトキシカテコールな どのモノ又はジ C アルコキシージヒドロキシベンゼンなど)、ァシルージヒドロキシベン  Chlorocatechol, mono- or dihalodihydroxybenzenes such as 2,4-difluorohydroquinone, etc., nitrodihydroxybenzenes (such as nitrocatechol), and alkoxy dihydroxybenzenes (3-methoxycatechol, 4,6-di-tert-butyl) Mono- or di-C alkoxydihydroxybenzene such as 3-methoxycatechol), acyldihydroxyben
1-6  1-6
ゼン(2, 4—ジヒドロキシァセトフエノンなどの C アシノレージヒドロキシベンゼンなど)な  Zen (2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone and other C-acylone hydroxybenzenes)
2-6  2-6
どのジヒドロキシベンゼン類;これらのジヒドロキシベンゼン類に対応するトリヒドロキシ ベンゼン類 [例えば、トリヒドロキシベンゼン(ピロガロール、ヒドロキシヒドロキノン、フロ ログルシノール)、トリヒドロキシァセトフエノンなど]などが挙げられる。多価フエノール 類は、単独で又は 2種以上組み合わせて、フルォレノン類と反応させてもよい。 Which dihydroxybenzenes; trihydroxybenzenes corresponding to these dihydroxybenzenes [for example, trihydroxybenzenes (pyrogallol, hydroxyhydroquinone, fluoro Loglucinol), trihydroxyacetophenone, etc.]. The polyhydric phenols may be reacted with fluorenones alone or in combination of two or more.
[0043] 多価フエノール類の使用量は、フルォレノン類 1モルに対して、例えば、 2— 20モルThe amount of the polyhydric phenol used is, for example, 2 to 20 mol per mol of the fluorenone.
、好ましくは 2. 5— 10モル、さらに好ましくは 3— 5モル程度であってもよい。 , Preferably about 2.5 to 10 mol, and more preferably about 3 to 5 mol.
[0044] 多価フエノール類とフルォレノン類との反応 (縮合反応)は、特に限定されな ヽが、 通常、酸触媒の存在下で行うことができる。酸触媒としては、無機酸 [硫酸、塩化水素 、塩酸、リン酸など]、有機酸 [スルホン酸 (メタンスルホン酸などのアルカンスルホン 酸など)など]などが挙げられる。前記硫酸には、希硫酸、濃硫酸、発煙硫酸などが 含まれ、反応系において硫酸に転化可能であれば、硫酸前駆体として、三酸化硫黄 を使用してもよい。酸触媒は、単独で又は 2種以上組み合わせてもよい。好ましい酸 触媒は、塩酸又は硫酸である。 [0044] The reaction (condensation reaction) between the polyvalent phenols and the fluorenones is not particularly limited, but can usually be carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst. Examples of the acid catalyst include inorganic acids [sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.] and organic acids [sulfonic acid (alkanesulfonic acid such as methanesulfonic acid)]. The sulfuric acid includes dilute sulfuric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid and the like, and sulfur trioxide may be used as a sulfuric acid precursor as long as it can be converted into sulfuric acid in the reaction system. The acid catalysts may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Preferred acid catalysts are hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
[0045] 酸触媒の使用量は、酸触媒の種類に応じて選択でき、例えば、フルォレノン類 100 重量咅 こ対して、 0. 001一 150重量咅^好まし <ίま 0. 005一 100重量咅^さら【こ好 ましくは 0. 01— 50重量部程度であってもよい。特に、触媒として硫酸を使用する場 合、硫酸 (H SO換算)の使用量は、ごく少量であればよぐ通常、フルォレノン 1重 [0045] The amount of the acid catalyst to be used can be selected according to the type of the acid catalyst. For example, for fluorenone 100 parts by weight, 0.0001 to 150 parts by weight is preferable.咅 ^ More [preferably 0.01 to 50 parts by weight. In particular, when sulfuric acid is used as a catalyst, the amount of sulfuric acid (in terms of H SO) is usually small if it is very small.
2 4  twenty four
量部に対して、 0. 001—0. 5重量部(例えば、 0. 005-0. 5重量部)、好ましくは 0 . 01-0. 5重量部、さらに好ましくは 0. 05-0. 5重量部(例えば、 0. 1-0. 3重量 部)程度であってもよい。また、触媒として塩酸を使用する場合、塩酸の使用量は、塩 化水素換算で、フルォレノン 100重量部に対して、 1一 100重量部、好ましくは 5— 5 0重量部、さらに好ましくは 10— 30重量部程度であってもよい。  0.001-0.5 part by weight (for example, 0.005-0.5 part by weight), preferably 0.01-0.5 part by weight, more preferably 0.05-0. It may be about 5 parts by weight (for example, 0.1-0.3 parts by weight). When hydrochloric acid is used as a catalyst, the amount of hydrochloric acid used is, in terms of hydrogen chloride, 100 parts by weight of fluorenone, 100 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 50 parts by weight, more preferably 10 to 50 parts by weight. It may be about 30 parts by weight.
[0046] 縮合反応は、酸触媒に加えて、助触媒としてのチオール類を併用して行ってもょ ヽ 。チオール類と組み合わせることにより、縮合反応を有効に進行でき、収率を向上で きる場合が多い。チオール類としては、助触媒として機能する慣用のチオール類、例 えば、メルカプトカルボン酸 (メルカプト酢酸、 j8—メルカプトプロピオン酸、 α—メルカ プトプロピオン酸、チォグリコール酸、メルカプトコハク酸、メルカプト安息香酸など)、 チォカルボン酸(チォ酢酸、チオシユウ酸など)、アルキルメルカプタン (メチルメル力 プタン、ェチルメルカプタン、プロピルメルカプタン、イソプロピルメルカプタン、 η—ブ チルメルカプタン、ドデシルメルカプタンなどの C アルキルメルカプタン(特に C ァ ルキルメルカブタン)など)、ァラルキルメルカプタン(ベンジルメルカプタンなど)又は これらの塩などが挙げられる。塩としては、例えば、アルカリ金属塩 (ナトリウム塩など) が例示できる。これらのチオール類のうち、メルカプト C カルボン酸 (例えば、 β—メ [0046] The condensation reaction may be carried out using a thiol as a co-catalyst in addition to the acid catalyst. By combining with thiols, the condensation reaction can proceed effectively and the yield can be improved in many cases. Examples of thiols include conventional thiols that function as cocatalysts, such as mercaptocarboxylic acids (mercaptoacetic acid, j8-mercaptopropionic acid, α-mercaptopropionic acid, thioglycolic acid, mercaptosuccinic acid, mercaptobenzoic acid, etc. ), Thiocarboxylic acids (thioacetic acid, thiooxalic acid, etc.), alkyl mercaptans (methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, propyl mercaptan, isopropyl mercaptan, η-butyl mercaptan, dodecyl mercaptan, and other C alkyl mercaptans (especially C Alkenyl mercaptan), aralkyl mercaptan (benzyl mercaptan, etc.) or salts thereof. Examples of the salt include an alkali metal salt (eg, a sodium salt). Among these thiols, mercapto C carboxylic acid (for example, β-meth
2-6  2-6
ルカプトプロピオン酸)が好ましい。チオール類は、単独で又は二種以上組み合わせ て使用できる。  Rucaptopropionic acid) is preferred. The thiols can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0047] チオール類の使用量は、フルォレノン 1重量部に対して、 0-0. 2重量部程度の範 囲力も選択でき、例えば、 0. 001—0. 1重量部、好ましくは 0. 003-0. 03重量部、 さらに好ましくは 0. 005—0. 015重量部程度である。  [0047] The amount of the thiol used can be selected from a range of about 0 to 0.2 part by weight per 1 part by weight of fluorenone. For example, 0.001 to 0.1 part by weight, preferably 0.003 part by weight. -0.03 parts by weight, more preferably about 0.005-0.015 parts by weight.
[0048] また、チオール類の使用量は、酸触媒 1重量部に対して、 0— 10重量部程度の範 囲力も選択でき、例えば、 0. 001— 10重量部、好ましくは 0. 01— 10重量部(例え ば、 0. 01— 5重量部)、さらに好ましくは 0. 01— 2重量部程度であってもよい。特に 、硫酸を使用する場合には、硫酸 1重量部に対して、チオール類 0. 001— 1重量部 、好ましくは 0. 01-0. 5重量部、さらに好ましくは 0. 01-0. 3重量部程度であって もよい。また、塩酸を使用する場合には、塩酸 (塩化水素換算) 1重量部に対して、 0 . 1一 3重量部、好ましくは 0. 3— 1重量部、さらに好ましくは 0. 5-1. 5重量部程度 であってもよい。  [0048] The amount of the thiols used can be selected from a range of about 0 to 10 parts by weight per 1 part by weight of the acid catalyst, and is, for example, 0.001 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by weight. It may be 10 parts by weight (for example, 0.01 to 5 parts by weight), more preferably about 0.01 to 2 parts by weight. In particular, when sulfuric acid is used, the thiols are preferably 0.001 to 1 part by weight, preferably 0.01 to 0.5 part by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 0.3 part by weight based on 1 part by weight of sulfuric acid. It may be about parts by weight. When hydrochloric acid is used, 0.1 to 13 parts by weight, preferably 0.3 to 1 part by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 1 part by weight per 1 part by weight of hydrochloric acid (in terms of hydrogen chloride). It may be about 5 parts by weight.
[0049] 縮合反応は、溶媒の非存在下で行ってもよぐ溶媒中で行ってもよい。溶媒は、前 記酸性触媒に対して非反応性で、かつフルォレノン類および多価フエノール類を溶 解可能であれば特に限定されず、幅広い範囲で使用できる。代表的な溶媒 (有機溶 媒)としては、エーテル系溶媒(ジェチルエーテルなどのジアルキルエーテル類、テト ラヒドロフラン、ジォキサンなどの環状エーテル類など)、ハロゲン系溶媒 (塩化メチレ ン、クロ口ホルム、四塩ィ匕炭素などのハロゲンィ匕炭化水素類)、芳香族系溶媒 (ベンゼ ン、トルエン、キシレンなどの芳香族炭化水素類、ァ-ソールなど)などが挙げられる 。また、過剰の多価フエノール類を溶媒として使用してもよい。これらの溶媒のうち、 環状エーテル類 (テトラヒドロフラン、 1,4-ジォキサンなど)が好ましい。溶媒は、単独 で又は 2種以上組み合わせてもよ 、。  [0049] The condensation reaction may be carried out in the absence of a solvent or in a solvent. The solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is non-reactive with the above-mentioned acidic catalyst and can dissolve fluorenones and polyvalent phenols, and can be used in a wide range. Representative solvents (organic solvents) include ether solvents (dialkyl ethers such as getyl ether, cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane), and halogen solvents (methylene chloride, chloroform, Halogenated hydrocarbons such as carbon chloride); and aromatic solvents (such as aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene, and alcohol). Further, an excess of polyhydric phenols may be used as a solvent. Among these solvents, cyclic ethers (such as tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane) are preferred. The solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0050] 溶媒の使用量は、フルォレノン類 1重量部に対して、 0— 20重量部程度の範囲から 選択でき、例えば、 0. 5— 10重量部、好ましくは 1一 8重量部、さらに好ましくは 2— 5 重量部程度であってもよ 、。 [0050] The amount of the solvent to be used can be selected from the range of about 0 to 20 parts by weight, based on 1 part by weight of the fluorenones, for example, 0.5 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 18 to 18 parts by weight, more preferably Is 2— 5 It may be about parts by weight.
[0051] 縮合反応は、使用する多価フエノール類、酸触媒、チオール類などの種類に応じて 異なるが、通常、 10— 150°C、好ましくは 20— 120°C、さらに好ましくは 30— 100°C 程度で行う場合が多い。また、反応時間は、原料の種類、反応温度や溶媒中の濃度 などに応じて調整でき、例えば、 30分一 48時間、通常、 1一 24時間、好ましくは 1一 10時間程度である。  [0051] The condensation reaction varies depending on the type of polyhydric phenols, acid catalysts, thiols, etc. used, but is usually 10 to 150 ° C, preferably 20 to 120 ° C, and more preferably 30 to 100 ° C. It is often performed at about ° C. The reaction time can be adjusted according to the type of the starting material, the reaction temperature, the concentration in the solvent, and the like, and is, for example, 30 minutes to 48 hours, usually, about 24 hours, and preferably about 110 hours.
[0052] また、反応は、攪拌しながら行ってもよぐ空気中又は不活性雰囲気 (窒素、希ガス など)中で行ってもよぐ常圧又は加圧下で行ってもよい。  [0052] The reaction may be carried out with stirring or in the air or in an inert atmosphere (nitrogen, rare gas, etc.) or at normal pressure or under pressure.
[0053] 反応終了後の反応混合物には、通常、生成した多価アルコール(9, 9 ビス (ポリヒ ドロキシフヱ-ル)フルオレン類)以外に、未反応のフルォレノン類、未反応の多価フ ェノール類、触媒 (酸触媒、チオール類)、副反応生成物などが含まれている。そのた め、慣用の方法、例えば、濾過、濃縮、抽出、晶析、再結晶、カラムクロマトグラフィー などの分離手段や、これらを組み合わせた分離手段により分離精製できる。例えば、 慣用の方法により酸触媒 (およびチオール類)を除去したのち、晶析溶媒を添加して 冷却して結晶化させ、次いで、濾過して分離することにより精製してもよい。  [0053] The reaction mixture after completion of the reaction usually contains, in addition to the produced polyhydric alcohol (9,9 bis (polyhydroxypropyl) fluorenes), unreacted fluorenones and unreacted polyhydric phenols. , Catalysts (acid catalysts, thiols), by-products, etc. Therefore, separation and purification can be performed by a conventional method, for example, separation means such as filtration, concentration, extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, and column chromatography, or a separation means combining these. For example, after removal of the acid catalyst (and thiols) by a conventional method, crystallization may be performed by adding a crystallization solvent, followed by cooling to crystallize, followed by filtration and separation for purification.
[0054] 前記晶析溶媒としては、炭化水素類 [脂肪族炭化水素 (へキサン、ヘプタンなど)、 脂環族炭化水素 (シクロへキサンなど)、芳香族炭化水素 (トルエン、キシレンなど)、 ハロゲン化炭化水素(ジクロロメタンなど)など]、水、アルコール類 (メタノール、ェタノ ール、 n プロパノール、イソプロパノール、ブタノールなどのアルキルアルコール、シ クロへキサノールなど)、ケトン類(アセトン、メチルェチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケト ン、ジェチルケトン、ェチルプロピルケトン、ジー n プロピルケトン、ジイソプロピルケト ンなどのアルキルケトン、シクロへキサノンなど)、エーテル類(ジェチルエーテル、ジ イソプロピルエーテルなどのジアルキルエーテルなど)、二トリル類、セロソルブ類、ァ ミド類 (ジメチルホルムアミドなど)、スルホキシド類などが挙げられる。晶析溶媒は、単 独で又は 2種以上組み合わせてもよい。また、晶析溶媒の使用量は、特に限定され ず、反応混合物(固形分換算) 1重量部に対して、 0. 5— 50重量部、好ましくは 1一 1 0重量部、さらに好ましくは 1一 5重量部程度であってもよい。  Examples of the crystallization solvent include hydrocarbons [aliphatic hydrocarbons (hexane, heptane, etc.), alicyclic hydrocarbons (cyclohexane, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, xylene, etc.), halogens Hydrocarbons (dichloromethane, etc.)], water, alcohols (alkyl alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, etc.), ketones (acetone, methylethylketone, methyl Alkyl ketones such as isobutyl ketone, getyl ketone, ethyl propyl ketone, di-propyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, cyclohexanone, etc., ethers (dialkyl ethers such as getyl ether, diisopropyl ether, etc.), nitriles , Cellosolves, amides (dimethylform Amide) and sulfoxides. The crystallization solvent may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of the crystallization solvent is not particularly limited, and is 0.5 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight, based on 1 part by weight of the reaction mixture (in terms of solid content). It may be about 5 parts by weight.
[0055] なお、 9, 9 ビス(ポリヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルオレン類の製造方法につ!、ては、ビ ス(ヒドロキシルフエ-ル)フルオレン類(前記式(1)において、 n=0、 p= lに対応す る化合物)の製造方法に関する以下の文献を参照してもよい。例えば、(a)文献 [J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 27(9), 3289, 1982]、特開平 6— 145087号公報、特開平 8— 2177 13号公報(塩化水素ガス及びメルカプトカルボン酸の存在下、フルォレノン類とフエ ノール類とを反応させる方法)、(b)特開 2000-26349号公報 [酸触媒 (及びアルキ ルメルカプタン)の存在下、 9 フルォレノンとアルキルフエノール類とを反応させる方 法]、(c)特開 2002-47227号公報 (塩酸及びチオール類の存在下、フルォレノン 類とフエノール類とを反応させる方法)、(d)特開 2003— 221352号公報 (硫酸及び チオール類の存在下、フルォレノン類とフエノール類とを反応させ、炭化水素類と極 性溶媒とで構成された晶析溶媒で晶析させる方法)など。 [0055] In addition, a method for producing 9,9 bis (polyhydroxyphenyl) fluorenes! Reference may be made to the following literature relating to a method for producing poly (hydroxyphenyl) fluorenes (compounds corresponding to n = 0 and p = l in the above formula (1)). For example, (a) References [J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 27 (9), 3289, 1982], JP-A-6-145087, JP-A-8-217713 (hydrogen chloride gas and mercaptocarboxylic acid) A method of reacting a fluorenone with a phenol in the presence of a phenol), (b) JP-A-2000-26349 [Reacting 9 fluorenone with an alkylphenol in the presence of an acid catalyst (and alkylmercaptan)] Method), (c) JP-A-2002-47227 (method of reacting fluorenones with phenols in the presence of hydrochloric acid and thiols), (d) JP-A-2003-221352 (sulfuric acid and thiols) A method in which fluorenone and phenol are reacted in the presence of water and crystallized with a crystallization solvent composed of a hydrocarbon and an polar solvent).
[0056] すなわち、これらの文献の方法において、フ ノール類に代えて、前記多価フエノ ール類 (前記式 (3)で表される化合物)を使用し、合成方法 (精製方法や成分の添加 割合など)を参照して、多価アルコール類 [9, 9 ビス(ポリヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルォ レン類]を製造してもよい。これらの方法のうち、特に、塩酸又は硫酸を使用する方法 (前記方法 (c)、 (d)など)を応用すると、より高収率でかつ高純度の生成物が得られ る場合が多い。 That is, in the methods described in these documents, the polyvalent phenols (compounds represented by the formula (3)) are used in place of the phenols, and the synthesis method (the purification method and the Polyhydric alcohols [9,9 bis (polyhydroxyphenyl) fluorenes] may be produced with reference to the addition ratio). Of these methods, particularly when a method using hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid (the above methods (c) and (d)) is applied, a product with higher yield and higher purity is often obtained.
[0057] (nl及び Z又は n2が 1以上の多価アルコールの製造方法)  (Method for producing polyhydric alcohol in which nl and Z or n2 is 1 or more)
アルキレンォキシドとしては、例えば、エチレンォキシド、プロピレンォキシド、ブチレ ンォキシドなどの C アルキレンォキシド(特に C アルキレンォキシド)が例示できる  Examples of the alkylene oxide include C alkylene oxides (particularly, C alkylene oxides) such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butylene oxide.
2-4 2-3  2-4 2-3
。また、アルキレンカーボネート(炭酸アルキレン)としては、エチレンカーボネート、プ ロピレンカーボネート、ブチレンカーボネートなどの C アルキレンカーボネート(特に  . Examples of the alkylene carbonate (alkylene carbonate) include C alkylene carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate (particularly,
2-4  2-4
C アルキレンカーボネート)などが例示できる。これらのアルキレンォキシド、アルキ C alkylene carbonate) and the like. These alkylene oxides,
2-3 2-3
レンカーボネートは、単独で又は 2種以上組み合わせてもよい。なお、アルキレン力 ーボネートを使用する場合、アルキレンカーボネートが付加したのち、脱炭酸反応が 生じること〖こより、アルキレンォキシド単位 (アルコキシ単位)が導入される。  Lencarbonate may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When an alkylene carbonate is used, an alkylene oxide unit (alkoxy unit) is introduced because a decarboxylation reaction occurs after the addition of the alkylene carbonate.
[0058] アルキレンォキシド又はアルキレンカーボネートの使用量は、付カ卩させるアルキレン ォキシド単位の数に応じて調整でき、多価アルコールを構成するヒドロキシル基 1モ ルに対して、例えば、 1一 50モル、好ましくは 1一 20モル、さらに好ましくは 1一 10モ ル程度であってもよい。 [0058] The amount of the alkylene oxide or alkylene carbonate to be used can be adjusted according to the number of alkylene oxide units to be added, and is, for example, 1 to 50 mol per mol of the hydroxyl group constituting the polyhydric alcohol. , Preferably 110 moles, more preferably 110 moles. It may be about the same.
[0059] なお、反応させる nl及び n2力 Oである多価アルコール(9, 9 ビス(ポリヒドロキシフ ニル)フルオレン類)の純度は、特に限定されないが、通常、 95重量%以上、好ま しくは 99重量%以上であってもよ!/、。  [0059] The purity of the polyhydric alcohol (9,9 bis (polyhydroxyphenyl) fluorenes) which is nl and n2 O to be reacted is not particularly limited, but is usually 95% by weight or more, preferably 99% by weight or more! / ,.
[0060] アルキレンォキシド又はアルキレンカーボネートとの反応は、触媒の非存在下で行 つてもよいが、通常、触媒の存在下で行うことができる。触媒としては、塩基触媒、酸 触媒が例示でき、通常、塩基触媒を使用できる。塩基触媒としては、金属水酸化物( 水酸ィ匕ナトリウムなどのアルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属水酸ィ匕物など)、金属炭 酸塩 (炭酸ナトリウムなどのアルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属炭酸塩、炭酸水素ナト リウムなどのアルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属炭酸水素塩など)などの無機塩基; アミン類 [例えば、第 3級ァミン類(トリエチルァミンなどのトリアルキルァミン、 N, N—ジ メチルァ-リンなどの芳香族第 3級ァミン、 1ーメチルイミダゾールなどの複素環式第 3 級ァミン)など]、カルボン酸金属塩(酢酸ナトリウム、酢酸カルシウムなどの酢酸アル カリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属塩など)などの有機塩基などが例示できる。触媒 (塩 基触媒)は、単独で又は 2種以上組み合わせてもよい。  [0060] The reaction with the alkylene oxide or alkylene carbonate may be carried out in the absence of a catalyst, but can usually be carried out in the presence of a catalyst. Examples of the catalyst include a base catalyst and an acid catalyst. Generally, a base catalyst can be used. Examples of the base catalyst include metal hydroxides (eg, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide) and metal carbonates (eg, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate). Inorganic bases such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydrogen carbonate such as sodium hydrogencarbonate; amines [eg, tertiary amines (trialkylamine such as triethylamine, N, N-diamine; Aromatic tertiary amines such as methyla-phosphorus, heterocyclic tertiary amines such as 1-methylimidazole), and metal salts of carboxylic acids (alkali metal or alkaline earth metals such as sodium acetate and calcium acetate). Organic bases such as salts). The catalysts (base catalysts) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0061] 触媒の使用量は、触媒の種類に応じて調整でき、前記方法 (i)で生成した多価アル コール(ビス(ポリヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルオレン類) 1重量部に対して、 0— 1重量部の 範囲から選択でき、例えば、 0. 001— 1重量部、通常、 0. 003—0. 5重量部、好ま しくは 0. 005— 0.3重量部、より好ましくは 0. 01— 0.1重量部程度であってもよい。  [0061] The amount of the catalyst to be used can be adjusted according to the type of the catalyst, and is 0 to 1 part by weight of the polyhydric alcohol (bis (polyhydroxyphenyl) fluorenes) produced by the method (i). — Can be selected from a range of 1 part by weight, for example 0.001—1 part by weight, usually 0.003—0.5 part by weight, preferably 0.005—0.3 part by weight, more preferably 0.011— It may be about 0.1 part by weight.
[0062] 反応(アルキレンォキシド又はアルキレンカーボネートとの付加反応)は、溶媒中で 行ってもよい。溶媒としては、特に限定されず、使用する原料に応じて選択できる。例 えば、アルキレンォキシドを使用する場合には、前記例示の溶媒などが使用でき、ァ ルキレンカーボネートを使用する場合には、前記例示の溶媒の他、アルコール類 (メ タノール、エタノールなどの C アルコール、エチレングリコールなどの C アルキレン  [0062] The reaction (addition reaction with alkylene oxide or alkylene carbonate) may be performed in a solvent. The solvent is not particularly limited and can be selected according to the raw materials used. For example, when an alkylene oxide is used, the above-mentioned solvents and the like can be used. When alkylene carbonate is used, alcohols (such as methanol and ethanol) can be used in addition to the above-mentioned solvents. C alkylene such as alcohol and ethylene glycol
1-4 2-3 グリコール、ジエチレングリコールなどのォキシ c アルキレングリコールなど)などを  1-4 2-3 glycol, diethylene glycol, etc.
2-3  2-3
使用してもよい。溶媒の使用量は、前記方法 (i)で生成した多価アルコール 1重量部 に対して、 1一 20重量部、好ましくは 1. 5— 10重量部、さらに好ましくは 2— 5重量部 程度であってもよい。 [0063] 反応は、付加させる化合物(アルキレンォキシド、アルキレンカーボネート)などの種 類に応じて調整でき、例えば、 0— 170°C、好ましくは 10— 150°C、さらに好ましくは 20— 130°C程度で行う場合が多い。特に、アルキレンカーボネートを使用する場合、 脱炭酸反応を効率よく行うため、例えば、 70— 150°C、好ましくは 80— 120°C程度 で反応させる場合が多い。また、反応時間は、例えば、 30分一 48時間、通常、 1一 2 4時間、好ましくは 1一 10時間程度である。 May be used. The amount of the solvent used is about 120 parts by weight, preferably about 1.5 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably about 2 to 5 parts by weight, based on 1 part by weight of the polyhydric alcohol produced by the method (i). There may be. [0063] The reaction can be adjusted according to the kind of the compound to be added (alkylene oxide, alkylene carbonate) or the like, and is, for example, 0 to 170 ° C, preferably 10 to 150 ° C, more preferably 20 to 130 ° C. In most cases, it is performed at about C In particular, when an alkylene carbonate is used, the reaction is often performed at, for example, about 70 to 150 ° C., preferably about 80 to 120 ° C. in order to efficiently perform the decarboxylation reaction. The reaction time is, for example, 30 minutes to 48 hours, usually, 124 hours, preferably about 110 hours.
[0064] 反応は、攪拌しながら行ってもよぐ空気中又は不活性雰囲気 (窒素、希ガスなど) 中で行ってもよぐ常圧又は加圧下で行ってもよい。また、必要に応じて発生するガス (二酸ィ匕炭素など)を除去しながら反応を行ってもよい。さらに、前記と同様に、慣用 の精製方法 (抽出、晶析など)を利用して反応終了後の反応混合物を精製することに より、多価アルコールのアルキレンォキシド付カ卩体を得てもょ 、。  [0064] The reaction may be carried out with stirring or in the air or in an inert atmosphere (such as nitrogen or a rare gas), or at normal pressure or under pressure. Further, the reaction may be carried out while removing generated gas (such as carbon dioxide) as necessary. Further, in the same manner as described above, the reaction mixture after completion of the reaction is purified by using a conventional purification method (extraction, crystallization, etc.) to obtain a polyhydric alcohol-containing alkylene oxide-cured product. Yeah.
[0065] 多価アルコール (上記方法により得られた多価アルコールなど)と反応させる (メタ) アクリル酸誘導体としては、(メタ)アクリル酸低級アルキルエステル (例えば、(メタ)ァ クリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ェチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ブチルなどの C アルキル  [0065] The (meth) acrylic acid derivative to be reacted with a polyhydric alcohol (such as the polyhydric alcohol obtained by the above method) includes lower alkyl (meth) acrylates (eg, methyl (meth) acrylate, C alkyl, such as ethyl (meth) acrylate and butyl (meth) acrylate
1-4  1-4
(メタ)アタリレートなど)、(メタ)アクリル酸ノヽライド( (メタ)アクリル酸クロライドなど)など が挙げられる。なお、(メタ)アクリル酸ノ、ライドは、市販品を使用してもよぐ合成した ものを使用してもよい。例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸クロライドは、塩ィ匕チォ-ルと (メタ)ァ クリル酸とを反応させることにより調製できる。  (Meth) acrylates, etc.), (meth) acrylate nodules (such as (meth) acrylate chloride) and the like. As the (meth) acrylic acid acrylate and the ride, commercially available products or synthesized products may be used. For example, (meth) acrylic acid chloride can be prepared by reacting chloride salt with (meth) acrylic acid.
[0066] (メタ)アクリル酸又はその誘導体の使用量は、例えば、多価アルコールのヒドロキシ ル基(前記 Pに対応するヒドロキシル基) 1モルに対して、 1一 10モル、好ましくは 1一 5 モル、さらに好ましくは 1一 3モル程度であってもよい。  The amount of (meth) acrylic acid or a derivative thereof used is, for example, 110 mol, preferably 115 mol, per 1 mol of a hydroxyl group (hydroxyl group corresponding to P) of a polyhydric alcohol. Mole, more preferably about 113 mole.
[0067] 反応( (メタ)アクリル酸又はその誘導体との反応)では、適宜、触媒 (酸触媒、塩基 触媒など)を使用してもよい。例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸や (メタ)アクリル酸低級アルキ ルエステルを使用する場合には、酸触媒を好適に使用してもよぐ(メタ)アクリル酸ノヽ ライドを使用する場合には、副生するハロゲンィ匕水素 (塩ィ匕水素など)を捕捉 (トラップ )するため、塩基を好適に使用してもよい。  [0067] In the reaction (reaction with (meth) acrylic acid or a derivative thereof), a catalyst (acid catalyst, base catalyst, or the like) may be appropriately used. For example, when (meth) acrylic acid or (meth) acrylic acid lower alkyl ester is used, an acid catalyst is preferably used. A base may be suitably used for trapping (trapping) halogenated hydrogen (eg, salted hydrogen).
[0068] 酸触媒としては、エステル化酸触媒であれば特に限定されず、例えば、無機酸 (硫 酸、塩酸、リン酸など)、有機酸 [スルホン酸 (メタンスルホン酸、エタンスルホン酸、トリ フルォロメタンスルホン酸などのアルカンスルホン酸、 p—トルエンスルホン酸などのァ レーンスルホン酸など)など]などが例示でき、固体化酸 [担体に酸 (硫酸、リン酸、へ テロポリ酸などの無機酸、有機酸)を担持させた固体化酸(固体リン酸など) ]、陽ィォ ン交換樹脂、金属酸化物 (ZnOなど)、金属ハロゲン化物(CuClなど)、金属塩系触 [0068] The acid catalyst is not particularly limited as long as it is an esterified acid catalyst. For example, inorganic acids (sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.), organic acids [sulfonic acids (methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, Alkanesulfonic acid such as fluoromethanesulfonic acid, and aranesulfonic acid such as p-toluenesulfonic acid), and the like; solidified acids [inorganic acids such as acids (sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, heteropolyacid) Acid (organic acid), solid acid (solid phosphoric acid, etc.)], cation exchange resin, metal oxide (ZnO, etc.), metal halide (CuCl, etc.), metal salt
2  2
媒 [金属硫酸塩 (NiSOなど)、金属リン酸塩 (Zr, Tiなどの遷移金属のリン酸塩など)  Medium [Metal sulfate (NiSO, etc.), metal phosphate (Transition metal phosphate such as Zr, Ti, etc.)
4  Four
,金属硝酸塩 (Zn (NO ) · 6Η Οなど)など]、天然鉱物 (酸性白土、ベントナイト、力  , Metal nitrates (Zn (NO) · 6Η Ο etc.), natural minerals (acid clay, bentonite,
3 2 2  3 2 2
ォリン、モンモリロナイトなど)などの固体酸触媒も含まれる。酸触媒は、単独で又は 2 種以上組み合わせてもよ!/、。  , Montmorillonite, etc.). The acid catalysts may be used alone or in combination of two or more!
[0069] 塩基としては、(メタ)アクリル酸又はその誘導体( (メタ)アクリル酸ノヽライドなど)に対 して不活性な塩基であれば特に限定されず、金属炭酸塩 (炭酸ナトリウムなどのアル カリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属炭酸塩、炭酸水素ナトリウムなどのアルカリ金属又は アルカリ土類金属炭酸水素塩など)、カルボン酸金属塩 (酢酸ナトリウム、酢酸カルシ ゥムなどの酢酸アルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属塩など)、金属水酸化物(水酸ィ匕 ナトリウムなどのアルカリ金属水酸ィ匕物、水酸ィ匕カルシウムなどのアルカリ土類金属 水酸ィ匕物など)などの無機塩基;アミン類 [例えば、第 3級ァミン類 (トリエチルァミン、 トリイソプロピルァミン、トリブチルァミンなどのトリアルキルァミン、 Ν, Ν ジメチルァニ リンなどの芳香族第 3級ァミン、ピリジンなどの複素環式第 3級ァミン)など]などの有 機塩基などが例示できる。塩基は単独で又は 2種以上組み合わせてもよ 、。  [0069] The base is not particularly limited as long as it is an inert base with respect to (meth) acrylic acid or a derivative thereof (such as (meth) acrylic anhydride). Alkali metal or alkaline earth metal bicarbonate such as potassium metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, etc., metal carboxylate (alkali metal or alkaline earth metal acetate such as sodium acetate, calcium acetate, etc.) Inorganic bases such as metal hydroxides (such as alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide and alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as calcium hydroxide); amines [ For example, tertiary amines (trialkylamines such as triethylamine, triisopropylamine and tributylamine, and aromatic tertiary amines such as Ν, ジ メ チ ル dimethylaniline) Emissions, such as organic bases, such as heterocyclic tertiary Amin), etc.], such as pyridine can be exemplified. The bases may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0070] 触媒 (酸触媒、塩基)の使用量は、触媒の種類にもよるが、例えば、(メタ)アクリル 酸又はその誘導体 100重量部に対して、例えば、 0. 01— 10重量部、好ましくは 0. 05— 5重量部、さらに好ましくは 0. 1— 3重量部程度であってもよい。  [0070] The amount of the catalyst (acid catalyst, base) used depends on the type of the catalyst, but is, for example, 0.01 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of (meth) acrylic acid or a derivative thereof. Preferably it may be about 0.05-5 parts by weight, more preferably about 0.1-3 parts by weight.
[0071] また、反応は、必要に応じて、重合禁止剤 (熱重合禁止剤)の存在下で行ってもよ い。重合禁止剤としては、ヒドロキシフエノール類(ヒドロキノン、ヒドロキノンモノメチル エーテルなどのヒドロキノン類、 tーブチルカテコールなどのカテコール類など)、ァミン 類(ジフエ-ルァミンなど)、 2, 2—ジフエ-ルー 1—ピクリルヒドラジル、 4ーヒドロキシー 2 , 2, 6, 6—テトラメチルピペラジン 1一才キシルなどが例示できる。重合禁止剤は単 独で又は 2種以上組み合わせてもよい。重合禁止剤の使用量は、ごく少量でよぐ(メ タ)アクリル酸又はその誘導体 100重量部に対して、例えば、 0. 001— 5重量部、好 ましくは 0. 005— 3重量部、さらに好ましくは 0. 01— 1重量部程度であってもよい。 [0071] The reaction may be carried out in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor (thermal polymerization inhibitor), if necessary. Examples of the polymerization inhibitor include hydroxyphenols (hydroquinones such as hydroquinone and hydroquinone monomethyl ether, catechols such as t-butyl catechol, etc.), amines (such as diphenylamine), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picuril. Examples thereof include ruhydrazyl, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperazine, 1-year-old xyl, and the like. The polymerization inhibitors may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of the polymerization inhibitor to be used is, for example, 0.001 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of (meth) acrylic acid or a derivative thereof. Preferably, it may be about 0.005 to 3 parts by weight, more preferably about 0.01 to 1 part by weight.
[0072] 反応は、無溶媒中で行ってもよいが、通常、溶媒中で行うことができる。溶媒 (有機 溶媒)としては、炭化水素類 (へキサン、ヘプタン、オクタンなどの脂肪族炭化水素類 、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレンなどの芳香族炭化水素類など)、ハロゲンィ匕炭化水素 類 (塩化メチレン、クロ口ホルム、四塩ィ匕炭素など)、エーテル系溶媒 (ジェチルエー テルなどのジアルキルエーテル類、テトラヒドロフラン、ジォキサンなどの環状エーテ ル類、ァ-ソールなど)、ケトン類(アセトン、メチルェチルケトンなどのジアルキルケト ン類など)などが挙げられる。溶媒は、単独で又は 2種以上組み合わせてもよい。溶 媒の使用量は、式(2)で表される多価アルコール及び (メタ)アクリル酸 (又はその誘 導体)の総量 100重量部に対して、例えば、 10— 500重量部、好ましくは 30— 300 重量部、さらに好ましくは 50— 200重量部程度であってもよい。 [0072] The reaction may be carried out without a solvent, but can usually be carried out in a solvent. Examples of the solvent (organic solvent) include hydrocarbons (aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, and octane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene); and halogenated hydrocarbons (methylene chloride, Solvent, dialkyl ethers such as getyl ether, cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, etc., ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, etc.) Dialkyl ketones). The solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of the solvent to be used is, for example, 10 to 500 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the polyhydric alcohol represented by the formula (2) and (meth) acrylic acid (or a derivative thereof). — 300 parts by weight, more preferably about 50 to 200 parts by weight.
[0073] 反応温度は、使用する (メタ)アクリル酸又はその誘導体の種類に応じて異なるが、 通常、 30— 180°C、好ましくは 40— 150°C、さらに好ましくは 50— 130°C程度で行う 場合が多い。また、反応時間は、原料の種類、反応温度や溶媒中の濃度などに応じ て調整でき、例えば、 30分一 48時間、通常、 1一 24時間、好ましくは 1一 10時間程 度である。 [0073] The reaction temperature varies depending on the type of (meth) acrylic acid or a derivative thereof used, but is usually 30 to 180 ° C, preferably 40 to 150 ° C, and more preferably about 50 to 130 ° C. Often, it is done. The reaction time can be adjusted according to the type of the raw material, the reaction temperature, the concentration in the solvent, and the like, and is, for example, about 30 minutes to 48 hours, usually about 124 hours, preferably about 110 hours.
[0074] 反応は、還流しながら行ってもよぐ副生する水やアルコール類を除去しながら行つ てもよい。また、反応は、攪拌しながら行ってもよぐ空気中又は不活性雰囲気 (窒素 、希ガスなど)中で行ってもよぐ常圧又は加圧下で行ってもよい。  [0074] The reaction may be carried out while refluxing, while removing water or alcohol by-produced. The reaction may be carried out in air or under an inert atmosphere (nitrogen, rare gas, etc.) with stirring or at normal pressure or under pressure.
[0075] なお、生成した多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートは、慣用の方法、例えば、濾過、濃縮、 抽出、晶析、再結晶、カラムクロマトグラフィーなどの分離手段や、これらを組み合わ せた分離手段により分離精製してもよい。  [0075] The produced polyfunctional (meth) atarylate can be obtained by a conventional method, for example, separation means such as filtration, concentration, extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, and column chromatography, or a separation method combining these. It may be separated and purified by a means.
[0076] [重合性組成物]  [Polymerizable composition]
本発明は、多官能性 (メタ)アタリレート (前記式 (1)で表される化合物)で構成され た重合性組成物を含む。重合性組成物は、通常、少なくとも多官能性 (メタ)アタリレ ート (前記式(1)で表される化合物)と重合開始剤とで構成することができる。なお、 多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートは、単独で又は 2種以上組み合わせて重合性組成物を 構成してちょい。 [0077] (重合開始剤) The present invention includes a polymerizable composition composed of a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate (the compound represented by the formula (1)). The polymerizable composition can usually be composed of at least a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate (the compound represented by the formula (1)) and a polymerization initiator. The polyfunctional (meth) acrylates may be used alone or in combination of two or more to form a polymerizable composition. [0077] (Polymerization initiator)
重合開始剤には、熱重合開始剤や光重合開始剤が含まれる。熱重合開始剤として は、ジアルキルパーオキサイド類(ジー t ブチルパーオキサイド、ジクミルパーォキサ イドなど)、ジァシルバーオキサイド類 [ジアルカノィルパーオキサイド(ラウロイルパー オキサイドなど)、ジァロイルパーオキサイド(ベンゾィルパーオキサイド、ベンゾィルト ルイルパーオキサイド、トルィルパーオキサイドなど)など]、過酸エステル類 [過酢酸 t ーブチル、 t ブチルパーォキシォクトエート、 t ブチルパーォキシベンゾエートなど の過カルボン酸アルキルエステルなど]、ケトンパーオキサイド類、パーォキシカーボ ネート類、パーォキシケタール類などの有機過酸ィ匕物;ァゾ-トリルイ匕合物 [2, 2,一 ァゾビス(2, 4—ジメチルバレ口-トリル)、 2, 2'—ァゾビス(イソブチ口-トリル)、 2, 2, —ァゾビス(2—メチルブチ口-トリル)、 2, 2'—ァゾビス(4ーメトキシ— 2, 4—ジメチルバ レ口-トリル)など]、ァゾアミド化合物 {2, 2,ーァゾビス {2—メチルー N— [1, 1—ビス(ヒ ドロキシメチル)—2ーヒドロキシェチル]プロピオンアミド}など }、ァゾアミジン化合物 { 2 , 2'—ァゾビス(2—アミジノプロパン)二塩酸塩、 2, 2'—ァゾビス [2— (2—イミダゾリン 2 ィル)プロパン]二塩酸塩など }、ァゾアルカン化合物 [2, 2'—ァゾビス(2, 4, 4ート リメチルペンタン)、 4, 4,ーァゾビス(4 シァノペンタン酸)など]、ォキシム骨格を有 するァゾ化合物 [2, 2,ーァゾビス(2—メチルプロピオンアミドォキシム)など]などのァ ゾィ匕合物などが含まれる。熱重合開始剤は、単独で又は 2種以上組み合わせて使用 してちよい。 The polymerization initiator includes a thermal polymerization initiator and a photopolymerization initiator. Examples of the thermal polymerization initiator include dialkyl peroxides (di-butyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, etc.), disilver oxides (dialkanol peroxide (lauroyl peroxide, etc.), diaroyl peroxide, etc.). (Benzoyl peroxide, benzoyl tol peroxide, tolyl peroxide, etc.)], and peracid esters [alkyl percarboxylates such as t-butyl peracetate, t-butyl peroxy octoate, t-butyl peroxy benzoate, etc.] Esters, etc.], ketone peroxides, peroxycarbonates, peroxyketals, etc .; organic peroxides; azo-tolylyl conjugates [2,2,1-azobis (2,4-dimethylvale-tolyl) ), 2, 2'-azobis (isobutyral-tolyl), 2, 2, -azobis (2-methylbutyro-tolyl), 2,2'-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvale-tolyl), etc., azoamide compounds {2,2, -azobis {2-methyl-N— [1,1 - bis (arsenate Dorokishimechiru) - 2-hydroxy E chill] propionamide}, etc.}, Azoamijin compound {2, 2'Azobisu (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2, 2'Azobisu [2- (2- Imidazoline 2yl) propane] dihydrochloride etc.}, azoalkane compounds [2,2'-azobis (2,4,4-trimethylpentane), 4,4, -azobis (4cyanopentanoic acid) etc.], oxime skeleton Azo compounds [2,2, -azobis (2-methylpropionamidoxime) and the like] and the like. The thermal polymerization initiator may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0078] 本発明では、光重合開始剤と組み合わせることにより、光重合性組成物を構成する ことができる。光重合開始剤としては、公知慣用の各種光重合開始剤、例えば、ベン ゾイン類(ベンゾイン、ベンゾインメチルエーテル、ベンゾインェチルエーテル、ベンゾ インイソプロピルエーテルなどのベンゾインアルキルエーテル類など)、ァセトフエノン 類(ァセトフエノン、 2—ヒドロキシー 2—メチルー 1—フエ-ルプロパン 1 オン、 2, 2—ジ メトキシー 2—フエ-ルァセトフエノン、 2, 2—ジエトキシー 2—フエ-ルァセトフエノン、 1, In the present invention, a photopolymerizable composition can be formed by combining with a photopolymerization initiator. Examples of the photopolymerization initiator include various known and commonly used photopolymerization initiators, for example, benzoins (benzoin alkyl ethers such as benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether and benzoin isopropyl ether), and acetophenones (acetophenone). 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropane 1one, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 2,2-diethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1,
1—ジクロロアセトフエノンなど)、アミノアセトフエノン類 { 2—メチルー 1— [4— (メチルチ ォ)フエ-ル]— 2—モルホリノアミノプロパノン 1、 2—ベンジルー 2—ジメチルァミノ一 1—1-dichloroacetophenone), aminoacetophenones {2-methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] -2-morpholinoaminopropanone 1,2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1
(4—モルホリノフエ-ル)ーブタノン一 1など }、アントラキノン類(アントラキノン、 2—メチ ルアントラキノン、 2—ェチルアントラキノン、 2— tーブチルアントラキノン、 1—クロ口アン トラキノンなど)、チォキサントン類(2, 4 ジメチルチオキサントン、 2, 4—ジェチルチ ォキサントン、 2 クロ口チォキサントン、 2, 4—ジイソプロピルチォキサントンなど)、ケ タール類(ァセトフエノンジメチルケタール、ベンジルジメチルケタールなど)、ベンゾ フエノン類 (ベンゾフエノンなど)、キサントン類などが例示できる。これらの光重合開 始剤は、単独で又は 2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもょ ヽ。 (4-morpholinophyl) butanone-1 etc.}, anthraquinones (anthraquinone, 2-methyl Luangthraquinone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, 2-t-butylanthraquinone, 1-chloroanthraquinone, etc., thioxanthones (2,4 dimethylthioxanthone, 2,4-dimethylthioxanthone, 2-cycloethylthoxanthone, 2,4- Examples thereof include diisopropyl thioxanthone, ketals (acetophenone dimethyl ketal, benzyl dimethyl ketal, etc.), benzophenones (benzophenone, etc.), and xanthones. These photopolymerization initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0079] また、光重合開始剤は、光増感剤と組み合わせてもよ、。光増感剤としては、第 3 級ァミン類 {例えば、トリアルキルァミン、トリアルカノールァミン(トリエタノールァミンな ど)、 N, N—ジメチルァミノ安息香酸ェチル [p (ジメチルァミノ)安息香酸ェチルなど ]、 N, N—ジメチルァミノ安息香酸ァミル [p (ジメチルァミノ)安息香酸ァミルなど]な どのジアルキルァミノ安息香酸アルキルエステル、 4, 4 ビス(ジェチルァミノ)ベンゾ フエノン(ミヒラーズケトン)などのビス(ジアルキルァミノ)ベンゾフエノン、 4— (ジメチル ァミノ)ベンゾフエノンなどのジアルキルァミノべンゾフエノンなど }などの慣用の光増 感剤などが挙げられる。光増感剤は、単独で又は 2種以上組み合わせてもよい。  Further, the photopolymerization initiator may be combined with a photosensitizer. Examples of photosensitizers include tertiary amines {eg, trialkylamine, trialkanolamine (such as triethanolamine), N, N-dimethylaminoethyl benzoate [p (dimethylamino) ethyl benzoate, etc. ], N, N-dimethylamino benzoate [amyl p (dimethylamino) benzoate etc.], alkyl dialkylamino benzoates, and bis (dialkylamino) such as 4,4 bis (getylamino) benzophenone (Michler's ketone) Conventional photosensitizers such as benzophenone, dialkylaminobenzozophenone such as 4- (dimethylamino) benzophenone, and the like. The photosensitizers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0080] 重合開始剤(および光増感剤の総量)の使用量は、多官能性 (メタ)アタリレート 10 0重量部に対して 0. 1— 30重量部(例えば、 1一 30重量部)、好ましくは 1一 20重量 部(例えば、 5— 25重量部)、さらに好ましくは 1. 5— 10重量部程度であってもよい。 光重合開始剤の使用量は、少なすぎると、組成物の重合性 (又は光硬化性)が低下 し、一方、多すぎると、光重合開始剤自身の吸収により、厚膜での光硬化性が低下 するおそれがある。  [0080] The amount of the polymerization initiator (and the total amount of the photosensitizer) used is 0.1 to 30 parts by weight (for example, 110 to 30 parts by weight) per 100 parts by weight of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate. ), Preferably about 11 to 20 parts by weight (for example, 5 to 25 parts by weight), and more preferably about 1.5 to 10 parts by weight. If the amount of the photopolymerization initiator is too small, the polymerizability (or photocurability) of the composition is reduced, while if it is too large, the photopolymerization initiator itself absorbs and the photocurability in a thick film is reduced. May decrease.
[0081] また、光増感剤の使用量は、重合開始剤(光重合開始剤) 100重量部に対して、 5 一 200重量部、好ましくは 10— 150重量部、さらに好ましくは 20— 100重量部程度 であってもよい。  [0081] The amount of the photosensitizer used is 5 to 200 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 150 parts by weight, more preferably 20 to 100 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the polymerization initiator (photopolymerization initiator). It may be about parts by weight.
[0082] なお、重合開始剤は、熱重合開始剤及び光重合開始剤で構成してもよ!ヽ。重合開 始剤は、重合性組成物の用途に応じて選択できる力 光学材料用途に使用する場 合、通常、少なくとも光重合開始剤で構成されている場合が多い。  [0082] The polymerization initiator may be composed of a thermal polymerization initiator and a photopolymerization initiator. When the polymerization initiator is used for an optical material application that can be selected according to the application of the polymerizable composition, it is usually often composed of at least a photopolymerization initiator.
[0083] (希釈剤)  [0083] (Diluent)
重合性組成物は、希釈剤 (反応性希釈剤、非反応性希釈剤)を含んでいてもよい。 [0084] 反応性希釈剤 (重合性希釈剤)としては、単官能性モノマー、多官能性モノマーな どが挙げられる。単官能性モノマーとしては、(メタ)アクリル酸アルキル [ (メタ)アタリ ル酸メチルなどの(メタ)アクリル酸 C アルキルなど]、(メタ)アクリル酸シクロアルキ The polymerizable composition may contain a diluent (reactive diluent, non-reactive diluent). [0084] Examples of the reactive diluent (polymerizable diluent) include a monofunctional monomer and a polyfunctional monomer. Monofunctional monomers include alkyl (meth) acrylates [C alkyl (meth) acrylates such as methyl (meth) acrylate] and cycloalkyl (meth) acrylates.
1-6  1-6
ル [ (メタ)アクリル酸シクロへキシルなどの(メタ)アクリル酸 C シクロアルキル、(メタ)  C [cycloalkyl (meth) acrylates such as cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, (meth)
5-8  5-8
アクリル酸イソボル-ルなどの(メタ)アクリル酸ジ乃至テトラシクロアルキルエステルな ど]、(メタ)アクリル酸ァリール [ (メタ)アクリル酸フヱ-ルなど]、ヒドロキシアルキル (メ タ)アタリレート [ (2—ヒドロキシェチル (メタ)アタリレート、 2—ヒドロキシプロピル (メタ) アタリレート、 2—ヒドロキシブチル (メタ)アタリレートなどのヒドロキシ C アルキル (メタ  Di- or tetracycloalkyl (meth) acrylates such as isobutyl acrylate], aryl (meth) acrylate [poly (meth) acrylate], hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate [ Hydroxy C alkyl (meta) such as (2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, and 2-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate
2-10  2-10
)アタリレートなど]、(ポリ)ォキシアルキレングリコールモノ (メタ)アタリレート(ジェチレ ングリコールモノ (メタ)アタリレート、メトキシテトラエチレングリコールモノ (メタ)アタリレ ート、ポリエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アタリレートなどの(ポリ)ォキシ C アルキレン  ) Acrylates, etc.), (poly) oxyalkylene glycol mono (meth) acrylates (diethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, methoxytetraethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate (Poly) oxy C alkylene
2-6  2-6
グリコールモノ (メタ)アタリレート)、アルコキシアルキル (メタ)アタリレート [ (メタ)アタリ ル酸 2—メトキシェチル、(メタ)アクリル酸 3—メトキシブチルなどの(メタ)アクリル酸 C  (Meth) acrylic acid C such as glycol mono (meth) acrylate, alkoxyalkyl (meth) acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, and 3-methoxybutyl (meth) acrylate
1-4 アルコキシアルキルなど]、 N-置換 (メタ)アクリルアミド (N, N—ジメチル (メタ)アタリ ルアミドなどの N, N—ジ C アルキル (メタ)アクリルアミド、 N—メチロール (メタ)アタリ  1-4 alkoxyalkyl, etc.), N-substituted (meth) acrylamides (N, N-diCalkyl (meth) acrylamides such as N, N-dimethyl (meth) atarylamide, N-methylol (meth) ataryl
1-4  1-4
ルアミドなどの N-ヒドロキシ C アルキル (メタ)アクリルアミドなど)、アミノアルキル (メ  N-hydroxy C alkyl (meth) acrylamides such as
1-4  1-4
タ)アタリレート(N, N-ジメチルアミノエチルアタリレートなど)、グリシジル (メタ)アタリ レート、テトラヒドロフルフリル (メタ)アタリレートなどの(メタ)アクリル系モノマーなどが 例示できる。  And (meth) acrylic monomers such as atalylate (such as N, N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate), glycidyl (meth) acrylate and tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate.
[0085] 多官能性モノマーには、二官能性 (メタ)アタリレート、多官能性 (メタ)アタリレート、 エポキシ基含有化合物(グリセリンジグリシジルエーテル、トリメチロールプロパントリグ リシジルエーテル、トリグリシジルイソシァヌレートなどのポリグリシジルエーテル類な ど)のポリ(例えば、ジ乃至ペンタ)(メタ)アタリレート、メラミンアタリレートなどが含まれ る。  [0085] Polyfunctional monomers include bifunctional (meth) acrylate, polyfunctional (meth) acrylate, epoxy group-containing compounds (glycerin diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, triglycidyl iso- Poly (glycidyl ethers such as cyanurate) (for example, di to penta) (meth) acrylate and melamine acrylate.
[0086] 二官能性 (メタ)アタリレートとしては、アルキレングリコールジ (メタ)アタリレート [ェチ レングリコールジ(メタ)アタリレート、プロピレングリコールジ (メタ)アタリレート、 1, 4— ブタンジオールジ (メタ)アタリレート、へキサンジオールジ(メタ)アタリレート、ネオペ ンチルダリコールジ (メタ)アタリレートなどの C アルキレングリコールジ (メタ)アタリレ ートなど]、(ポリ)ォキシアルキレングリコールジ (メタ)アタリレート [ジエチレングリコー ルジ (メタ)アタリレート、トリエチレングリコールジ (メタ)アタリレート、ポリエチレングリコ ールジ(メタ)アタリレート、ジプロピレングリコールジ (メタ)アタリレート、トリプロピレン グリコールジ (メタ)アタリレート、ポリプロピレングリコールジ (メタ)アタリレート、ポリテト ラメチレングリコールジ (メタ)アタリレートなどの(ポリ)ォキシ C アルキレングリコール [0086] Examples of the bifunctional (meth) acrylate include alkylene glycol di (meth) atalylate [ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di C-alkylene glycol di (meth) atalyles such as (meth) atalylate, hexanediol di (meth) atalylate, and neopentyl alcoholic di (meth) atalylate Etc.), (poly) oxyalkylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, dipropylene glycol (Poly) oxy C alkylene glycols such as di (meth) acrylate, tripropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polypropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polytetramethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate
2-6  2-6
ジ (メタ)アタリレートなど]、ビスフエノール A (又はその C アルキレンォキシド付加体  Di (meth) atalylate, etc.], bisphenol A (or its alkylene oxide adduct
2-3  2-3
)のジ (メタ)アタリレート、多価アルコール(又はその C アルキレンォキシド付加体)  )) Di (meth) acrylate, polyhydric alcohol (or its C alkylene oxide adduct)
2-3  2-3
のジ (メタ)アタリレート [例えば、グリセリンジ (メタ)アタリレート、トリメチロールプロパン ジ (メタ)アタリレート、トリス (ヒドロキシェチル)イソシァヌレートジ (メタ)アタリレートなど のトリオールのジ(メタ)アタリレート、ペンタエリスリトールジ (メタ)アタリレートなどのテ トラオールのジ (メタ)アタリレートなど]などが例示できる。  Di (meth) atalylate [eg, glycerin di (meth) atalylate, trimethylolpropane di (meth) atalylate, tris (hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate di (meta) acrylate ) Atelylate, pentaerythritol di (meth) atalylate, and the like, and tetra (di (meth) atalylate).
[0087] 多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートとしては、多価アルコール(又はその C アルキレンォキ  [0087] Polyfunctional (meth) acrylates include polyhydric alcohols (or C alkylene oxides thereof).
2-3  2-3
シド付加体)の三官能又は多官能性 (メタ)アタリレート、例えば、グリセリントリ (メタ)ァ タリレート、トリメチロールェタントリ(メタ)アタリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ) アタリレート、トリメチロールプロパンエトキシトリ(メタ)アタリレート、トリス(ヒドロキシェ チル)イソシァヌレートトリ(メタ)アタリレートなどのトリオールのトリ(メタ)アタリレート;ぺ ンタエリスリトールトリ(メタ)アタリレート、ペンタエリスリトールテトラ (メタ)アタリレートな どのテトラオールのトリ又はテトラ (メタ)アタリレート;ジトリメチロールプロパンテトラ (メ タ)アタリレート;ジペンタエリスリトールテトラ (メタ)アタリレート;ジペンタエリスリトール へキサ (メタ)アタリレートなどが例示できる。  Trifunctional or polyfunctional (meth) acrylates such as glycerin tri (meth) atalylate, trimethylolethanetri (meth) atalylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) atalylate, trimethylol Triol (tri) (meth) acrylates such as propane ethoxy tri (meth) acrylate and tris (hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate tri (meth) acrylate; pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meta) ) Triol or tetra (meth) atalylate of tetraol such as acrylate; ditrimethylolpropane tetra (meth) atalylate; dipentaerythritol tetra (meth) atalylate; dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) atalylate; Can be illustrated
[0088] 反応性希釈剤は、単独で又は 2種以上を組み合わせてもよ ヽ。反応性希釈剤の使 用量は、多官能性 (メタ)アタリレート 100重量部に対して、 0— 100重量部の範囲か ら選択でき、例えば、 1一 100重量部、好ましくは 1一 50重量部、さらに好ましくは 1一 30重量部程度であってもよ 、。  [0088] The reactive diluents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of the reactive diluent to be used can be selected from the range of 0 to 100 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate, for example, 1 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 50 parts by weight. Parts, more preferably about 1 to 30 parts by weight.
[0089] 希釈剤には、非反応性希釈剤も含まれる。非反応性希釈剤を使用すると、重合性 組成物の塗布性などを改善できる。非反応性希釈剤 (又は溶剤)としては、有機溶剤 、例えば、へキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、デカンなどの脂肪族炭化水素類;ェチルメ チルケトン、シクロへキサノンなどのケトン類;トルエン、キシレン、テトラメチルベンゼ ンなどの芳香族炭化水素類;セロソルブ、メチルセ口ソルブ、ブチルセ口ソルブ、カル ビトーノレ、メチノレカノレビトーノレ、ブチノレカノレビトーノレ、プロピレングリコールモノメチル エーテル、ジプロピレングリコーノレモノメチノレエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールジェチ ノレエーテノレ、トリプロピレングリコーノレモノメチノレエーテノレなどのグリコーノレエーテノレ 類;カルボン酸エステル(酢酸メチル、酢酸ェチル、酢酸ブチル、セロソルブァセテー ト、ブチルセ口ソルブアセテート、カルビトールアセテート、ブチルカルビトールァセテ ート、プロピレングリコーノレモノメチノレエーテノレアセテート、ジプロピレングリコーノレモノ メチルエーテルアセテートなどの酢酸エステル、乳酸ブチルなど)、炭酸エステル (炭 酸プロピレンなど)などのエステル類;石油エーテル、石油ナフサ、ソルベントナフサ などの石油系溶剤などが例示できる。非反応性希釈剤は、単独で又は 2種以上を組 み合わせて用いることができる。 [0089] The diluent also includes a non-reactive diluent. Use of a non-reactive diluent can improve the coatability of the polymerizable composition. Examples of the non-reactive diluent (or solvent) include organic solvents, for example, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, octane, and decane; ketones such as ethyl methyl ketone and cyclohexanone; toluene, xylene, and tetramethyl Benze Aromatic hydrocarbons such as cellosolve, methylcellosolve, butylcellosolve, carbitone, methinorecanolebitone, butinorecanolebitone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycolone monomethinole ether, Glyconorethenoates such as dipropylene glycol jet and tripropylene glycol monomethinolate; carboxylic acid esters (methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, cellosolve acetate, butylacetosolve acetate, carbitol acetate Butyl carbitol acetate, acetic acid esters such as propylene glycol monomethine oleate enorea acetate, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, butyl lactate, etc.), carbonic acid Esters such as esters (eg, propylene carbonate); petroleum solvents such as petroleum ether, petroleum naphtha, and solvent naphtha can be exemplified. Non-reactive diluents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0090] 非反応性希釈剤の使用量 (添加量)は、塗布方法などにより異なるが、多官能性 (メ タ)アタリレート 100重量部に対して、 0— 500重量部の範囲力も選択でき、通常、 10 一 400重量部、好ましくは 20— 300重量部、さらに好ましくは 30— 200重量部程度 であってもよい。  [0090] The use amount (addition amount) of the non-reactive diluent varies depending on the application method and the like, but a range force of 0 to 500 parts by weight can be selected with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyfunctional (meta) acrylate. Usually, it may be about 10 to 400 parts by weight, preferably about 20 to 300 parts by weight, and more preferably about 30 to 200 parts by weight.
[0091] (ポリシラン)  [0091] (polysilane)
重合性組成物は、さら〖こ、ポリシランを含んでいてもよい。ポリシランは、添加〖こより 、効率よく誘電率を低下させるとともに、屈折率を向上できるので、光学的又は電気 的用途 (特に光学的用途)に使用する重合性組成物において有用である。また、ポリ シランの種類 (直鎖状、分岐鎖状、網目状、環状構造などの立体構造、末端基の種 類など)にもよるが、難燃性や撥水性を向上することもできる。  The polymerizable composition may further include a polysilane. Polysilane can be effectively added to a polymerizable composition used for optical or electrical use (particularly for optical use) because it can efficiently lower the dielectric constant and increase the refractive index. In addition, depending on the type of polysilane (such as a three-dimensional structure such as linear, branched, network, or cyclic structure, and the type of terminal group), flame retardancy and water repellency can be improved.
[0092] ポリシランとしては、 Si— Si結合を有する直鎖状、環状、分岐状又は網目状の化合 物であれば特に限定されないが、例えば、下記式(3)—(5)で表された構造単位のう ち少なくとも 1つの構造単位を有するポリシラン (オリゴシラン、コポリシランを含む)な どが例示できる。 [0093] [ィ匕 7] [0092] The polysilane is not particularly limited as long as it is a linear, cyclic, branched, or network compound having a Si-Si bond. For example, the polysilane is represented by the following formulas (3) to (5). Examples include polysilanes (including oligosilanes and copolysilanes) having at least one structural unit among the structural units. [0093] [I-Dori 7]
Figure imgf000028_0001
Figure imgf000028_0001
(式中、 R5— R7は、同一又は異なって、水素原子、ヒドロキシル基、アルキル基、アル コキシ基、ァルケ-ル基、シクロアルキル基、シクロアルキルォキシ基、シクロアルケ -ル基、ァリール基、ァリールォキシ基、ァラルキル基、ァラルキルォキシ基又はシリ ル基を示し、 x、 y及び zはそれぞれ 0又は 1以上の整数を示し、 x、 y及び zの合計は 5 一 400である。 ) (Wherein, R 5 -R 7 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkyloxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group) , An aryloxy group, an aralkyl group, an aralkyloxy group or a silyl group, x, y and z each represent 0 or an integer of 1 or more, and the total of x, y and z is 5 to 400.)
このようなポリシランとしては、例えば、式(3)で表される構造単位を有する直鎖状 又は環状ポリシラン、前記式 (4)又は(5)で表される構造単位を有する分岐鎖状又 は網目状ポリシラン、前記式(3)— (5)で表される構造単位を組み合わせて有するポ リシラン (環状、分岐鎖状又は網目状ポリシラン、例えば、前記式 (3)と (4)で表され る構造を有するポリシランなど)などが挙げられる。  Examples of such a polysilane include a linear or cyclic polysilane having a structural unit represented by the formula (3), a branched or cyclic polysilane having a structural unit represented by the formula (4) or (5). Reticulated polysilane, polysilane having a combination of the structural units represented by the above formulas (3) to (5) (cyclic, branched or reticulated polysilane, for example, represented by the above formulas (3) and (4)) And the like).
[0094] 置換基 R5— R7にお!/、て、アルキル基としては、メチル、ェチル、プロピル、イソプロ ピル、ブチル、 t ブチルなどの C アルキル基 (好ましくは C アルキル基、特に C [0094] In the substituents R 5 to R 7 , the alkyl group is a C alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl (preferably a C alkyl group, particularly a C alkyl group).
1-14 1-10  1-14 1-10
アルキル基)が挙げられる。アルコキシ基としては、メトキシ、エトキシなどの C ァ Alkyl group). Alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, etc.
1-6 1-14 ルコキシ基 (好ましくは C アルコキシ基、特に C アルコキシ基)が挙げられる。アル 1-6 1-14 alkoxy group (preferably C alkoxy group, particularly C alkoxy group). Al
1-10 1-6  1-10 1-6
ケニノレ基としては、ビニノレ、ァリノレなどの C ァノレケニノレ基 (好ましくは C ァノレケニ  Examples of the keninole group include a C phenol group such as vinylol and alinole (preferably a C
2-14 2-10 ル基)が挙げられる。シクロアルキル基としては、シクロへキシル、メチルシクロへキシ ルなどの C シクロアルキル基 (好ましくは C シクロアルキル基、さらに好ましくは C  2-14 2-10). Examples of the cycloalkyl group include C cycloalkyl groups such as cyclohexyl and methylcyclohexyl (preferably C cycloalkyl groups, more preferably
5-14 5-10  5-14 5-10
シクロアルキル基)が挙げられる。シクロアルキルォキシ基としては、シクロへキシル Cycloalkyl group). As the cycloalkyloxy group, cyclohexyl
5-8 5-8
ォキシなどの C シクロアルキルォキシ基 (好ましくは C シクロアルキルォキシ基)  C cycloalkyloxy group such as oxy (preferably C cycloalkyloxy group)
5-14 5-10  5-14 5-10
が挙げられる。シクロアルケニル基としては、シクロへキセニルなどの C シクロアル  Is mentioned. Cycloalkenyl groups include C cycloalkenyl such as cyclohexenyl.
5-14 ケニル基 (好ましくは c シクロアルケ-ル基)が挙げられる。ァリール基としては、フ  5-14 A kenyl group (preferably a c cycloalkyl group) is mentioned. As a reel group,
5-10  5-10
ェ -ル、メチルフエ-ル、ジメチルフエ-ルなどの c ァリール基(好ましくは C ァリ ール基、さらに好ましくは C ァリール基)が挙げられる。ァリールォキシ基としては、 C aryl groups such as methyl, methyl and dimethyl (preferably C And more preferably a C aryl group). As an aryloxy group,
6-12  6-12
フエノキシなどの C ァリールォキシ基 (好ましくは C ァリールォキシ基)が挙げら  C aryloxy groups such as phenoxy (preferably C aryloxy groups);
6-20 6-15  6-20 6-15
れる。ァラルキル基としては、ベンジル、フエネチルなどの C ァリール C アルキ  It is. Aralkyl groups include C aryl C alkyl such as benzyl and phenethyl.
6-20 1-4 ル基 (好ましくは C ァリール C アルキル基)が挙げられる。ァラルキルォキシ基と  6-20 1-4 group (preferably C aryl C alkyl group). Aralkyloxy group and
6-10 1-2  6-10 1-2
しては、ベンジルォキシなどの C ァリール C アルキルォキシ基 (好ましくは C  For example, a C aryl C alkyloxy group such as benzyloxy (preferably C
6-20 1-4 6-10 ァリール C アルキルォキシ基)が挙げられる。シリル基としては、シリル基、ジシラ  6-20 1-4 6-10 aryl C alkyloxy group). As the silyl group, silyl group, disila
1-2  1-2
-ル基などの Si シラ -ル基 (好ましくは Si シラニル基)が挙げられる。  And a Si silyl group (preferably a Si silanyl group).
1-10 1-6  1-10 1-6
[0095] また、 R5— R7が、前記有機置換基又はシリル基である場合には、その水素原子の 少なくとも 1つ力 アルキル基、ァリール基、アルコキシ基などの置換基により置換さ れていてもよい。このような置換基としては、前記と同様の基が挙げられる。なお、水 素原子、ヒドロキシル基、アルコキシ基及びシリル基は、末端基に置換している場合 が多い。 When R 5 to R 7 are the aforementioned organic substituent or silyl group, at least one hydrogen atom thereof is substituted by a substituent such as an alkyl group, an aryl group or an alkoxy group. You may. Examples of such a substituent include the same groups as described above. In addition, a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, and a silyl group are often substituted with terminal groups.
[0096] これらのうち、置換基 R5— R7は、通常、アルキル基、ァルケ-ル基、シクロアルキル 基、ァリール基、ァラルキル基などの炭化水素基である場合が多ぐ特に、アルキル 基 (メチルなどの C アルキル基)、ァリール基 (フエ-ルなどの C ァリール基)が好ま [0096] Of these, the substituents R 5 to R 7 are usually hydrocarbon groups such as an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, and an aralkyl group. (C alkyl group such as methyl) and aryl group (C aryl group such as phenol) are preferred.
1-6 6-8  1-6 6-8
しい。  That's right.
[0097] ポリシランが非環状構造 (直鎖状、分岐鎖状、網目状)の場合、末端置換基は、通 常、水素原子、ヒドロキシル基、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、シリル基、ハロゲン原子( 塩素原子など)であり、少なくともヒドロキシル基で構成されているのが好ましい。  [0097] When the polysilane has an acyclic structure (linear, branched, network), the terminal substituent is usually a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a silyl group, a halogen atom (chlorine Atom) and is preferably composed of at least a hydroxyl group.
[0098] 具体的なポリシランの構造単位としては、例えば、 R5及び R6カ^、ずれもァリール基 である構造単位(3)、 R5がァリール基でありかつ R6がアルキル基である構造単位(3) 、 R5がアルキル基又はァリール基でありかつ R6が水素原子、ヒドロキシル基、アルコ キシ基、ァルケ-ル基、シクロアルキル基、シクロアルキルォキシ基、シクロアルケ- ル基、ァリール基、ァリールォキシ基、ァラルキル基、ァラルキルォキシ基及びシリル 基力 選択された少なくとも一種の基である構造単位(3)、 R7がアルキル基である構 造単位 (4)、 R7がァリール基である構造単位 (4)、構造単位 (5)などが挙げられる。 [0098] The structural unit of a specific polysilane, for example, R 5 and R 6 months ^, structural units (3) shift is also Ariru group, R 5 is a Ariru group and R 6 is an alkyl group Structural unit (3), wherein R 5 is an alkyl group or an aryl group, and R 6 is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkyloxy group, a cycloalkyl group, Aryl group, aryloxy group, aralkyl group, aralkyloxy group and silyl group Structural unit (3) which is at least one selected group, structural unit (4) in which R 7 is an alkyl group, and R 7 is an aryl group There are certain structural units (4) and structural units (5).
[0099] 好ましいポリシランとしては、 R5及び R6の少なくとも一方がァリール基である構造単 位(3)や、 R7がァリール基である構造単位 (4)を含むポリシラン、特に、 R5及び R6が いずれもァリール基 (特にフ -ル基)である構造単位(3)、 R5がァリール基 (特にフ ェニル基)でありかつ R6がアルキル基 (特にメチル基)である構造単位 (3)や、 R7がァ リール基 (特にフエニル基)である構造単位 (4)で構成されたポリシランが挙げられる 。また、ポリシランの構造は、環状、分岐鎖状、網目状が好ましぐ特に分岐鎖状が好 ましい。 [0099] Preferred polysilanes, at least one of R 5 and R 6 are structural units of a Ariru group (3) and, polysilane R 7 contains a structural unit (4) is Ariru group, in particular, R 5 and R 6 Structural units (3) each of which is an aryl group (especially a phenyl group), and structural units (3) in which R 5 is an aryl group (especially a phenyl group) and R 6 is an alkyl group (especially a methyl group) And polysilanes composed of structural units (4) in which R 7 is an aryl group (particularly a phenyl group). Further, the structure of the polysilane is preferably cyclic, branched, or mesh-like, and particularly preferably branched.
[0100] なお、ポリシラン共重合体 (コポリシラン)は、ランダムコポリマーであってもよぐブロ ックコポリマーであってもよぐグラフトコポリマーであってもよい。  [0100] The polysilane copolymer (copolysilane) may be a random copolymer, a block copolymer, or a graft copolymer.
[0101] 代表的なポリシランには、環状ポリジァリールシラン (環状ポリジフエ-ルシラン(5— 8員環)など)、直鎖状ポリアルキルァリールシラン (直鎖状ポリメチルフエ-ルシランな ど)、直鎖状ポリジァリールシラン ポリアルキルァリールシラン共重合体 (直鎖状ポリ ジフエ-ルシラン ポリメチルフエ-ルシラン共重合体など)、ポリアリールシリン(ポリ フエ-ルシリンなど)、ポリジァリールシラン ポリアリールシリン共重合体(ポリジフエ- ルシラン ポリフエ-ルシリン共重合体など)、ポリアルキルァリールシラン ポリアリー ルシリン共重合体 (ポリメチルフエ-ルシラン ポリフエニルシリン共重合体など)など が含まれる。なお、「ポリシリン」とは、前記構造単位 (4)で構成された分岐ポリシラン を意味する。  [0101] Typical polysilanes include cyclic polydiaryl silanes (eg, cyclic polydiphenylsilanes (5- to 8-membered rings)), linear polyalkylaryl silanes (such as linear polymethylphenylsilane), and straight-chain polydiarylsilanes. Chain polydiaryl silane polyalkylaryl silane copolymer (linear polydiphenylsilane polymethylphenylsilane copolymer, etc.), polyarylsilin (polyphenylsilyl, etc.), polydiarylsilane polyarylsiline copolymer Polymers (eg, polydiphenylsilane / polyphenylsilin copolymer) and polyalkylarylsilane / polyarylsilin copolymers (eg, polymethylphenylsilane / polyphenylsilin copolymer) are included. In addition, “polysilin” means a branched polysilane composed of the structural unit (4).
[0102] ポリシランの重合度、すなわち構造単位 (3)一 (5)における x、 yおよび zの合計は、 5— 400、好ましくは 10— 350、さらに好ましくは 20— 300程度であってもよい。  [0102] The degree of polymerization of the polysilane, that is, the sum of x, y and z in the structural unit (3)-(5) may be about 5 to 400, preferably about 10 to 350, and more preferably about 20 to 300. .
[0103] また、ポリシランの分子量は、数平均分子量で 300— 100000、好ましくは 400— 5 0000、さら【こ好ましく ίま 500一 20000程度であってもよ!/ヽ。  [0103] The molecular weight of the polysilane is 300 to 100000, preferably 400 to 50,000 in number average molecular weight, and more preferably about 500 to 20000! / !.
[0104] なお、前記ポリシランは、種々の公知な方法を用いて調製できる。これらのポリシラ ンを製造するには、例えば、特定の構造単位を有するケィ素含有モノマー(モノ乃至 テトラハロシラン類など)を原料として、 (a)マグネシウムを還元剤としてハロシラン類を 脱ノ、ロゲン縮重合させる方法(「マグネシウム還元法」、 W098Z29476号公報、特 開 2001 - 48987号公報ゃ特開 2002— 226586号公報に記載の方法など)、(b)ァ ルカリ金属の存在下でハロシラン類を脱ハロゲン縮重合させる方法(「キッピング法」 、J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 110, 124 (1988)、 Macromolecules, 23, 3423 (1990 )など)、(c)電極還元によりハロシラン類を脱ハロゲン縮重合させる方法 Ci. Chem. Soc. , Chem. Commun. , 1161 (1990)、 J. Chem. Soc. , Chem. Commun. 897 (1992)など)、(d)金属触媒の存在下にヒドラジン類を脱水素縮重合させる方 法 (特開平 4 334551号公報など)、 (e)ビフエ二ルなどで架橋されたジシレンのァ- オン重合による方法(Macromolecules, 23, 4494 (1990)など)、(e)環状シラン 類の開環重合による方法などの方法が挙げられる。 [0104] The polysilane can be prepared using various known methods. In order to produce these polysilanes, for example, a silicon-containing monomer having a specific structural unit (such as mono- or tetrahalosilanes) is used as a raw material, and ( a ) magnesium is used as a reducing agent to remove halosilanes, Polycondensation method (“magnesium reduction method”, W098Z29476, JP 2001-48987, JP 2002-226586, etc.), (b) halosilanes in the presence of alkali metal Dehalogen condensation polymerization ("Kipping method", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 110, 124 (1988), Macromolecules, 23, 3423 (1990), etc.), (c) Dehalogenation of halosilanes by electrode reduction Method for condensation polymerization Ci. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1161 (1990), J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 897 (1992)), (d) Dehydration condensation polymerization of hydrazines in the presence of a metal catalyst (E.g., Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4334551), (e) a method by aion polymerization of disilene cross-linked with biphenyl (e.g., Macromolecules, 23, 4494 (1990)), (e) ring-opening of cyclic silanes A method such as a method by polymerization is exemplified.
[0105] これらの方法のうち、得られるポリシランの純度や分子量分布、榭脂との相溶性が 優れる点、ナトリウムや塩素含有量が少ない点や、製造コストや安全性などの工業性 の点から、マグネシウム還元法(特に、特開 2001— 48987号公報、特開 2002— 226 586号公報に記載の方法)が最も好ましい。なお、シラノール基 (末端ヒドロキシル基 )の導入方法は特に限定されないが、例えば、上記方法により得られたポリシランに 水を添加することにより、簡便に導入することができる。  [0105] Among these methods, the purity and molecular weight distribution of the obtained polysilane, excellent compatibility with the resin, low sodium and chlorine content, and industrial aspects such as production cost and safety are considered. The magnesium reduction method (particularly, the method described in JP-A-2001-48987 and JP-A-2002-226586) is most preferable. The method of introducing the silanol group (terminal hydroxyl group) is not particularly limited, but for example, it can be easily introduced by adding water to the polysilane obtained by the above method.
[0106] ポリシランの割合は、多官能性 (メタ)アタリレート 100重量部に対して、 0— 100重 量部の範囲力も選択でき、通常、 0. 1— 50重量部、好ましくは 0. 5— 20重量部、さ らに好ましくは 1一 20重量部程度であつてもよい。  [0106] The ratio of the polysilane can be selected from a range of 0 to 100 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate, and is usually 0.1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 0.5 parts by weight. — It may be 20 parts by weight, more preferably about 11 to 20 parts by weight.
[0107] また、重合性組成物は、必要に応じて、本来の特性を損なわな 、範囲で、慣用の 添加剤、例えば、着色剤、安定剤 (熱安定剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤など)、充 填剤、帯電防止剤、難燃剤 (有機リン化合物、無機リン化合物などのリン含有化合物 、ハロゲン含有難燃剤、金属酸化物、金属水酸化物、金属硫化物など)、難燃助剤、 レべリング剤、シランカップリング剤、重合禁止剤(又は熱重合禁止剤)などを含んで いてもよい。添加剤は、単独で又は 2種以上組み合わせて使用してもよい。  [0107] Further, the polymerizable composition may be, if necessary, a conventional additive such as a coloring agent or a stabilizer (a heat stabilizer, an antioxidant, or an ultraviolet absorber) within a range that does not impair the original characteristics. ), Fillers, antistatic agents, flame retardants (phosphorus-containing compounds such as organic phosphorus compounds and inorganic phosphorus compounds, halogen-containing flame retardants, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal sulfides, etc.), flame retardant aids Agents, leveling agents, silane coupling agents, polymerization inhibitors (or thermal polymerization inhibitors), and the like. The additives may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0108] 添加剤 (難燃剤など)の割合は、添加剤の種類に応じて適宜選択でき、例えば、多 官能性 (メタ)アタリレート 100重量部に対して、 0. 5— 100重量部、好ましくは 1一 50 重量部、さらに好ましくは 1一 20重量部程度であってもよい。  [0108] The proportion of the additive (such as a flame retardant) can be appropriately selected according to the type of the additive. For example, 0.5 to 100 parts by weight, 100 parts by weight of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate, Preferably it may be about 50 parts by weight, more preferably about 120 parts by weight.
[0109] 重合性組成物は、多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートと、少なくとも重合開始剤とを配合又 は混合すること〖こより調製できる。配合方法 (混合方法)は、特に限定されず、慣用の 方法を利用できる。特に、重合性組成物を塗膜として形成する場合には、多官能性( メタ)アタリレートと重合開始剤 (及びポリシランなどの他の成分)とを、前記希釈剤 (特 に、非反応性希釈剤を含む希釈剤)に溶解 (又は懸濁)させて重合性組成物 (コーテ イング用組成物、被覆組成物)を調製してもよい。 [0109] The polymerizable composition can be prepared by mixing or mixing a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate and at least a polymerization initiator. The mixing method (mixing method) is not particularly limited, and a conventional method can be used. In particular, when the polymerizable composition is formed as a coating film, the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate and the polymerization initiator (and other components such as polysilane) are mixed with the diluent (particularly, non-reactive Dissolve (or suspend) in a diluent containing a diluent) and polymerize it (coating (Composition for coating, coating composition).
[0110] 本発明の重合性組成物 (特に、光重合性組成物)(又は前記多官能性 (メタ)アタリ レート)は、重合又は硬化 (又は架橋)した硬化物 (成形体)を得るのに有用である。こ のような硬化物 (前記多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートと重合開始剤とで構成された重合性 組成物の硬化物、前記多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートの硬化物)は、成形体の形態に応 じて、成形過程や成形後において、重合性組成物に硬化処理 (加熱処理や光照射 処理)を施すことにより得ることができる。例えば、フィルム状の硬化物は、基材に対し て、重合性組成物を塗布して塗膜 (又は薄膜)を形成した後、硬化処理を施すこと〖こ より得てもよい。このような塗膜 (又は薄膜)の形成には、慣用の方法、例えば、フロー コーティング法、スピンコーティング法、スプレーコーティング法、スクリーン印刷法、 キャスト法、バーコート法、カーテンコート法、ロールコート法、ディップ法などを用いる ことができる。また、重合性組成物の適用後 (塗布後)、慣用の方法により乾燥処理を 行ってもよぐ必要に応じて加熱により乾燥させてもよい。乾燥における加熱温度は、 重合開始剤や希釈剤 (非反応性希釈剤)の種類などに応じて、適宜選択でき、通常 [0110] The polymerizable composition (particularly, the photopolymerizable composition) (or the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate) of the present invention can be used to obtain a polymerized or cured (or crosslinked) cured product (molded article). Useful for Such a cured product (a cured product of the polymerizable composition composed of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate and the polymerization initiator, a cured product of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate) is a molded article Depending on the form, it can be obtained by subjecting the polymerizable composition to a curing treatment (heating treatment or light irradiation treatment) during or after the molding. For example, a film-shaped cured product may be obtained by applying a polymerizable composition to a substrate to form a coating film (or a thin film), and then performing a curing treatment. Such coatings (or thin films) can be formed by conventional methods such as flow coating, spin coating, spray coating, screen printing, casting, bar coating, curtain coating, and roll coating. , A dip method or the like can be used. After the application of the polymerizable composition (after application), the composition may be dried by a conventional method, and may be dried by heating if necessary. The heating temperature in drying can be appropriately selected depending on the type of the polymerization initiator and the diluent (non-reactive diluent).
、 40— 250°C程度である。また、乾燥処理は、窒素、アルゴンなどの不活性ガス雰囲 気中または空気中において行ってもよぐ常圧下または減圧下で行ってもよい。 , 40-250 ° C. Further, the drying treatment may be performed in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon or in air, or may be performed under normal pressure or reduced pressure.
[0111] なお、塗膜 (又は薄膜)の厚みは、例えば、 0. 01— 100 /z m 好ましくは 0. 1— 10 μ m、さらに好ましくは 0. l- ΐ μ m程度であってもよい。 [0111] The thickness of the coating film (or thin film) may be, for example, about 0.01 to 100 / zm, preferably about 0.1 to 10 μm, and more preferably about 0.1 to 1 μm. .
[0112] 重合性組成物に対する硬化処理は、重合開始剤 (熱重合開始剤および Z又は光 重合開始剤)の種類に応じて選択でき、加熱処理及び Z又は光照射処理により行う ことができる。 [0112] Curing treatment for the polymerizable composition can be selected according to the type of polymerization initiator (thermal polymerization initiator and Z or photopolymerization initiator), and can be performed by heat treatment and Z or light irradiation treatment.
[0113] 加熱処理において、加熱温度は、重合開始剤の種類にもよる力 例えば、 50— 25 0°C、好ましくは 60— 150°C、さらに好ましくは 70— 120°C程度である。  [0113] In the heat treatment, the heating temperature is a force depending on the type of the polymerization initiator, for example, about 50 to 250 ° C, preferably about 60 to 150 ° C, and more preferably about 70 to 120 ° C.
[0114] また、光照射処理において、光照射源としては、例えば、低圧水銀ランプ、高圧水 銀ランプ、超高圧水銀ランプ、水素ランプ、重水素ランプ、蛍光灯、ハロゲンランプ、 エキシマレーザー、窒素レーザー、色素レーザー、ヘリウム カドミウムレーザーなど が例示できる。また、光照射エネルギー量は、用途、塗膜の膜厚などによって異なる 力 通常、 0. 1— lOOOOmjZcm2程度、好ましくは 0. 5— 2000mjZcm2程度であ る。露光時間は、例えば、 1秒一 3時間、好ましくは 5秒間一 2時間、さらに好ましくは 10秒間一 1時間程度である。光照射は、窒素、アルゴンなどの不活性ガス雰囲気中 または空気中において行ってもよぐまた、常圧下、加圧下または減圧下で行っても よい。 [0114] In the light irradiation treatment, light irradiation sources include, for example, a low-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high-pressure mercury lamp, a hydrogen lamp, a deuterium lamp, a fluorescent lamp, a halogen lamp, an excimer laser, and a nitrogen laser. , A dye laser, a helium-cadmium laser, and the like. Moreover, the light irradiation amount of energy, application, coating thickness, etc. by different forces typically, 0. 1- lOOOOmjZcm 2, preferably about 0. 5- 2000mjZcm 2 about der The The exposure time is, for example, 1 second to 13 hours, preferably 5 seconds to 12 hours, and more preferably 10 seconds to 11 hours. Light irradiation may be performed in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon or in the air, or may be performed under normal pressure, increased pressure, or reduced pressure.
[0115] なお、加熱処理と光照射処理を組み合わせてもよ!/、。例えば、光重合開始剤を含 む重合性組成物では、光照射したのち(又は光照射しながら)、硬化又は架橋を促進 するため、さらに加熱してもよい。  [0115] The heat treatment and the light irradiation treatment may be combined! For example, a polymerizable composition containing a photopolymerization initiator may be further heated after light irradiation (or with light irradiation) in order to promote curing or crosslinking.
[0116] 前記硬化物 (成形体)の形状は、特に限定されないが、例えば、二次元的構造 (フ イルム状、シート状、板状など)、三次元的構造 (管状、棒状、チューブ状、中空状な ど)などが挙げられる。 [0116] The shape of the cured product (molded product) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a two-dimensional structure (such as a film, a sheet, and a plate) and a three-dimensional structure (such as a tube, a rod, and a tube). And the like).
[0117] 本発明の硬化物は、高い屈折率を有しており、光学的特性において優れている。  [0117] The cured product of the present invention has a high refractive index and is excellent in optical properties.
例えば、前記硬化物(又は前記多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートの硬化物)の屈折率は、 1 . 55以上(例えば、 1. 59-1. 7程度)、好ましくは 1. 60以上(例えば、 1. 60-1. 7 程度)である。特に、前記硬化物が、ポリシラン化合物を含む重合性組成物の硬化物 である場合、屈折率は、例えば、 1. 60-1. 7、好ましくは 1. 62-1. 7程度である。  For example, the cured product (or the cured product of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate) has a refractive index of 1.55 or more (for example, about 1.59-1.7), preferably 1.60 or more (for example, , About 1.60-1.7). In particular, when the cured product is a cured product of a polymerizable composition containing a polysilane compound, the refractive index is, for example, about 1.60 to 1.7, preferably about 1.62 to 1.7.
[0118] そのため、本発明の硬化物は、特に、光学材料 (光学用オーバーコート剤、ハード コート剤などのコーティング剤、反射防止膜、眼鏡レンズ、光ファイバ一、光導波路、 ホログラムなど)として好適に利用でき、このような光学材料の形状としては、例えば、 フィルム又はシート状、板状、レンズ状、管状などが挙げられる。  Therefore, the cured product of the present invention is particularly suitable as an optical material (coating agent such as an optical overcoat agent, a hard coat agent, an antireflection film, an eyeglass lens, an optical fiber, an optical waveguide, a hologram, etc.). Examples of the shape of such an optical material include a film or sheet, a plate, a lens, and a tube.
産業上の利用可能性  Industrial applicability
[0119] 本発明の多官能性 (メタ)アタリレート (及びその重合性組成物)は、高い屈折率を 有するとともに、光透過性、硬度、耐候性、可撓性、機械強度、寸法安定性や加工性 などにおいて優れており、種々の要求性能を満たすプラスチック原料として有用であ る。特に、耐熱性や耐湿性において優れており、また、高屈折率、高硬度であるため 、光学材料用途、例えば、光学用オーバーコート剤、ハードコート剤、反射防止膜、 眼鏡レンズ、光ファイバ一、光導波路、ホログラムなどにおいて有効に利用できる。 実施例 [0119] The polyfunctional (meth) atalylate (and the polymerizable composition thereof) of the present invention has a high refractive index and has light transmittance, hardness, weather resistance, flexibility, mechanical strength, and dimensional stability. It is excellent in plasticity and processability, and is useful as a plastic raw material that meets various required performances. In particular, it is excellent in heat resistance and moisture resistance, and has a high refractive index and high hardness, so that it is used for optical materials, such as optical overcoating agents, hard coating agents, antireflection films, spectacle lenses, optical fibers, etc. , Optical waveguides, holograms and the like. Example
[0120] 以下に、実施例に基づいて本発明をより詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実 施例によって限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. It is not limited by the embodiment.
[0121] 実施例 1  [0121] Example 1
9 フルォレノン 36g (約 0.2モル)、カテコール 88g (約 0.8モル)、 13 -メルカプトプロ ピオン酸 0.7ml、および 1, 4 ジォキサン 60gを反応器に入れ、 80°Cの加熱状態で 9 8%硫酸 5mlを滴下した。反応終了後、 MIBK (メチルイソブチルケトン) 200mlおよ び水 100mlをカ卩えて抽出した。同操作を 3回行うことによって、余剰の硫酸を除去し た。溶媒濃縮後、 MIBKlOOmlおよびトルエン 200mlをカ卩えたのち、 10°Cまで冷却 することによってビスカテコールフルオレン [9, 9 ビス(3, 4—ジヒドロキシフエ-ル)フ ルオレン] 65gを得た。以下に、得られたビスカテコールフルオレンの1 H— NMRスぺ タトルデータを示す。 9 36 g (approximately 0.2 mol) of fluorenone, 88 g (approximately 0.8 mol) of catechol, 0.7 ml of 13-mercaptopropionic acid, and 60 g of 1,4-dioxane are placed in a reactor. Was dropped. After the reaction was completed, 200 ml of MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) and 100 ml of water were extracted by extraction. By performing the same operation three times, excess sulfuric acid was removed. After concentration of the solvent, MIBK100 ml and toluene 200 ml were dried and cooled to 10 ° C. to obtain 65 g of biscatecholfluorene [9,9bis (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) fluorene]. Below, 1 H-NMR spectrum data of the obtained biscatechol fluorene is shown.
[0122] NMR: 6. 35ppm(d, 2H) , 6. 58ppm (m, 4H) , 7. 33ppm (m, 6H) , 7. 8 [0122] NMR: 6.35 ppm (d, 2H), 6.58 ppm (m, 4H), 7.33 ppm (m, 6H), 7.8
9ppm (d, 2H) , 8. 75ppm(s, 2H) , 8. 80ppm (s, 2H)。 9 ppm (d, 2H), 8.75 ppm (s, 2H), 8.80 ppm (s, 2H).
[0123] 得られたビスカテコールフルオレン 38g (約 0.1モル)、ジエチレングリコール 100g、 1ーメチルイミダゾール lg、およびエチレンカーボネート 150g (約 1. 7モル)を反応器 に入れ、 100°Cに加熱して反応を行った。反応終了後、 IPA (イソプロパノール) 500 mlをカ卩えて 10°Cまで冷却することにより、エチレンオキサイド単位が付加した多価ァ ルコール 40gを白色結晶として得た。得られた多価アルコールを分析した結果、原料 として用いたビスカテコールフルオレン 1モルに対して、 4.5モルのエトキシ基が付カロ した多価アルコールであることがわかった。  [0123] 38 g (approximately 0.1 mol) of the obtained biscatechol fluorene, 100 g of diethylene glycol, 1-methylimidazole lg, and 150 g (approximately 1.7 mol) of ethylene carbonate were put into a reactor, and heated to 100 ° C to perform a reaction. Was done. After completion of the reaction, IPA (isopropanol) (500 ml) was dried and cooled to 10 ° C. to obtain 40 g of polyvalent alcohol to which ethylene oxide units were added as white crystals. Analysis of the resulting polyhydric alcohol revealed that it was a polyhydric alcohol with 4.5 moles of ethoxy groups attached to 1 mole of biscatechol fluorene used as a raw material.
[0124] 得られた多価アルコール 40g (0.06モル)、アクリル酸 43g (0.6モル)、 70重量0 /0の メタンスルホン酸水溶液 lg、ハイドロキノン 0. Olg及びトルエン lOOmLをディーンシ ユタークトラップを取り付けた反応器に入れ、トルエン還流下に 5時間エステルイ匕反応 を行なった。エステル化反応中に生成した水は、ディーンシュタークトラップにより除 去し、前記多価アルコールのテトラアタリレート 45gを得た。高速液体クロマトグラフィ 一にて分析したところ、テトラアタリレートの純度は 98%であった。 [0124] polyhydric alcohol 40 g (0.06 mol) was obtained, acrylic acid 43 g (0.6 mol), 70 weight 0/0 of methanesulfonic acid solution lg, hydroquinone 0. OLG and toluene lOOmL fitted with Dinshi Yu Tak trap The mixture was placed in a reactor, and the esterification reaction was carried out for 5 hours under reflux of toluene. Water generated during the esterification reaction was removed with a Dean-Stark trap to obtain 45 g of the polyhydric alcohol tetraatalylate. Analysis by high performance liquid chromatography 1 revealed that the purity of tetraatalylate was 98%.
[0125] 合成例 1  [0125] Synthesis example 1
W098Z29476号公報に記載のクロロシラン類のマグネシウム還元法によりポリシ ランを合成した。すなわち、 THF (テトラヒドロフラン) 400ml、 Mg (マグネシウム) 37g 、塩化鉄 (FeCl ) 10g、臭化リチウム 15gを反応器に入れ、メチルフエ-ルジクロロシ Polysilane was synthesized by the magnesium reduction method of chlorosilanes described in W098Z29476. That is, THF (tetrahydrofuran) 400ml, Mg (magnesium) 37g , 10 g of iron chloride (FeCl) and 15 g of lithium bromide in a reactor, and
3  Three
ラン 95g、フエ-ルトリクロロシラン 53gをゆっくりと滴下した。反応終了後、トルエンで 抽出して未反応の末端塩素基 (塩素原子)を水酸基に変換し、平均重合度 25のポリ シラン (ポリメチルフエ-ルシラン ポリフエ-ルシリン共重合体)を得た。  95 g of orchid and 53 g of phenyltrichlorosilane were slowly added dropwise. After the reaction was completed, extraction with toluene was performed to convert unreacted terminal chlorine groups (chlorine atoms) into hydroxyl groups, thereby obtaining polysilane (polymethylphenylsilane polyphenylsiline copolymer) having an average degree of polymerization of 25.
[0126] 実施例 2 (テトラアタリレートの光硬化)  Example 2 (Photocuring of Tetraatalylate)
実施例 1で得られたテトラアタリレート 40gに、 2—ヒドロキシー2—メチルー 1 フエ-ル プロパン 1 オン 0. 6gをカ卩え、 UV (紫外線)を照射して光硬化した後、さらに 80°C で 1時間熱硬化することにより透明フィルムとして硬化物を得た。得られた硬化物のガ ラス転移温度 Tgは 225°C、屈折率は 1. 630 (D線)であった。  To 40 g of the tetraphthalate obtained in Example 1, 0.6 g of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1 phenylpropane 1 on was added, and after UV (ultraviolet) light irradiation, the mixture was further cured at 80 ° A cured product was obtained as a transparent film by heat curing with C for 1 hour. The glass transition temperature Tg of the obtained cured product was 225 ° C., and the refractive index was 1.630 (D line).
[0127] 実施例 3 (ポリシランを含むテトラアタリレートの光硬化)  Example 3 (Photocuring of Tetraatalylate Containing Polysilane)
実施例 1で得られたテトラアクリル酸エステル 40gに加えて、合成例 1で得られたポ リシラン 8gを添加する以外は実施例 2と同様に光硬化および熱硬化させることにより 、透明フィルムとして硬化物を得た。得られた硬化物の Tgは 220°C、屈折率は 1. 64 5 (D線)であった。  Cured as a transparent film by photocuring and heat curing in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 8 g of the polysilane obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was added to 40 g of the tetraacrylate obtained in Example 1 I got something. The Tg of the obtained cured product was 220 ° C., and the refractive index was 1.645 (D line).

Claims

請求の範囲 The scope of the claims
[1] 下記式(1)で表されるフルオレン骨格を有する多官能性 (メタ)アタリレート。  [1] A polyfunctional (meth) acrylate having a fluorene skeleton represented by the following formula (1).
[化 1] [Formula 1]
Figure imgf000036_0001
Figure imgf000036_0001
(式中、 Rla、 Rlb、 R2aおよび R2bは置換基を示し、 R3aおよび R3bはアルキレン基を示し 、 R½および R4bは水素原子又はメチル基を示す。 kl及び k2は同一又は異なって 0又 は 1一 4の整数を示し、 ml及び m2は同一又は異なって 0又は 1一 3の整数を示し、 n 1および n2は同一又は異なって 0又は 1以上の整数を示し、 piおよび p2は同一又は 異なって 2— 4の整数を示す。ただし、 ml +pl及び m2+p2は、 2— 5の整数である ) (Wherein, R la , R lb , R 2a and R 2b represent a substituent, R 3a and R 3b represent an alkylene group, R ½ and R 4b represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. Kl and k2 represent The same or different, and represent an integer of 0 or 14; ml and m2 represent the same or different and represent an integer of 0 or 13; n1 and n2 represent the same or different and represent an integer of 0 or 1 or more; , Pi and p2 are the same or different and each represent an integer of 2 to 4, where ml + pl and m2 + p2 are integers of 2 to 5)
[2] 式(1)において、 R3aおよび R34 C アルキレン基であり、 nlおよび n2が 0— 12で In [2] formula (1), an R 3a and R 3 4 C alkylene group, with nl and n2 is 0 12
2-4  2-4
あり、 nl +n2が 0— 24である請求項 1記載の多官能性 (メタ)アタリレート。  2. The polyfunctional (meth) acrylate according to claim 1, wherein nl + n2 is 0-24.
[3] 式(1)において、 Rlaおよび R C アルキル基、 klおよび k2が 0又は 1であり、 R2a [3] In the formula (1), R la and RC alkyl group, kl and k2 are 0 or 1, and R 2a
1- 4  14
および R2bが、 C アルキル基、 C アルコキシ基又は C ァリール基、 mlおよび m2 And R 2b are a C alkyl group, a C alkoxy group or a C aryl group, ml and m2
1-4 1-4 6-8  1-4 1-4 6-8
カ^ー 2であり、 R3aおよび R3 SC アルキレン基、 nlおよび n2力 SO— 6 R 3a and R 3 SC alkylene group, nl and n2 force SO— 6
2-4 、 nl +n2力 一 12である請求項 1記載の多官能性 (メタ)アタリレート。  2. The polyfunctional (meth) acrylate according to claim 1, wherein 2-4, nl + n2 force-12.
[4] 式(1)において、 piおよび p2力 それぞれ 2又は 3である請求項 1記載の多官能性 [4] The polyfunctionality according to claim 1, wherein in formula (1), the pi and p2 forces are 2 or 3, respectively.
(メタ)アタリレート。  (Meta) Atarilate.
[5] 式(1)において、 R3aおよび R3bが C アルキレン基であり、 nlおよび n2が 1 [5] In the formula (1), R 3a and R 3b are C alkylene groups, and nl and n2 are 1
2- 4 一 4であ り、 nl +n2が 2— 8であり、 piおよび p2がそれぞれ 2である請求項 1記載の多官能性 (メタ)アタリレート。  2. The polyfunctional (meth) acrylate according to claim 1, wherein 2-4 to 4, nl + n2 is 2-8, and pi and p2 are each 2.
[6] 式(1)で表される多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートが、 9, 9-ビス (ジヒドロキシフヱ-ル)フ ルオレン類の C アルキレンォキシド付カ卩体の(メタ)アタリレート、又は 9, 9 ビス(トリ ヒドロキシフエ-ル)フルオレン類の c アルキレンォキシド付カ卩体の(メタ)アタリレー [6] The polyfunctional (meth) atalylate represented by the formula (1) is a (meth) acrylate of a 9,9-bis (dihydroxyphenyl) fluorene with a C alkylene oxide and a cadmium. Rate or 9,9 bis (Meth) atarelays of kagami with hydroxyalkyl) fluorenes and alkylene oxides
2-4  2-4
トである請求項 1記載の多官能性 (メタ)アタリレート。  2. The polyfunctional (meth) atalylate according to claim 1, which is
下記式(2)で表されるフルオレン骨格を有する多価アルコールと、(メタ)アクリル酸 又はその誘導体とを反応させ、多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートを製造する方法。  A method for producing a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate by reacting a polyhydric alcohol having a fluorene skeleton represented by the following formula (2) with (meth) acrylic acid or a derivative thereof.
[化 2]  [Formula 2]
Figure imgf000037_0001
Figure imgf000037_0001
(式中、 R 、 R 、 R ゝ R ゝ R ゝ R ゝ kl、 k2、 ml、 m2、 nl、 n2、 piおよび p2は前 記に同じ) (Where R, R, R ゝ R ゝ R ゝ R ゝ kl, k2, ml, m2, nl, n2, pi and p2 are the same as above)
[8] 請求項 1記載の多官能性 (メタ)アタリレートと、重合開始剤とで構成された重合性 組成物。  [8] A polymerizable composition comprising the polyfunctional (meth) atalylate according to claim 1 and a polymerization initiator.
[9] 重合開始剤の割合が、請求項 1記載の多官能性 (メタ)アタリレート 100重量部に対 して 0. 1一 30重量部である請求項 8記載の重合性組成物。  [9] The polymerizable composition according to claim 8, wherein the ratio of the polymerization initiator is 0.1 to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate described in claim 1.
[10] さらに、ポリシランを含む請求項 8記載の重合性組成物。 10. The polymerizable composition according to claim 8, further comprising a polysilane.
[11] ポリシランが、下記式 (3)—(5)で表される構造単位のうち少なくとも 1つの構造単 位を有する請求項 10記載の重合性組成物。  [11] The polymerizable composition according to claim 10, wherein the polysilane has at least one structural unit among the structural units represented by the following formulas (3) to (5).
[化 3]  [Formula 3]
Figure imgf000037_0002
Figure imgf000037_0002
(式中、 R5— R7は、同一又は異なって、水素原子、ヒドロキシル基、アルキル基、アル コキシ基、ァルケ-ル基、シクロアルキル基、シクロアルキルォキシ基、シクロアルケ -ル基、ァリール基、ァリールォキシ基、ァラルキル基、ァラルキルォキシ基又はシリ ル基を示し、 x、 y及び zはそれぞれ 0又は 1以上の整数を示し、 x、 y及び zの合計は 5 一 400である。 ) (Wherein R 5 -R 7 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkyloxy group, -Represents an aryl group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyl group, an aralkyloxy group or a silyl group, x, y and z each represent 0 or an integer of 1 or more, and the total of x, y and z is 5 to 400. is there. )
[12] ポリシランの割合力 請求項 1記載の多官能性 (メタ)アタリレート 100重量部に対し て、 0. 1— 50重量部である請求項 10記載の重合性組成物。  [12] The polymerizable composition according to claim 10, wherein the ratio is 0.1 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate described in claim 1.
[13] 請求項 8記載の重合性組成物が、重合又は硬化した硬化物。 [13] A cured product obtained by polymerizing or curing the polymerizable composition according to claim 8.
[14] 請求項 13記載の硬化物で構成された光学材料。 [14] An optical material comprising the cured product according to claim 13.
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