WO2005029730A1 - キャリアセンス多重アクセス方法、無線基地局装置及び無線端末装置 - Google Patents
キャリアセンス多重アクセス方法、無線基地局装置及び無線端末装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005029730A1 WO2005029730A1 PCT/JP2004/012956 JP2004012956W WO2005029730A1 WO 2005029730 A1 WO2005029730 A1 WO 2005029730A1 JP 2004012956 W JP2004012956 W JP 2004012956W WO 2005029730 A1 WO2005029730 A1 WO 2005029730A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
- H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/24—Cell structures
- H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a carrier sense multiple access method, a radio base station apparatus, and a radio terminal apparatus.
- the present invention relates to a carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) method used in a wireless network such as a wireless LAN (Local Area Network), a wireless base station device, and a wireless terminal device.
- CSMA carrier sense multiple access
- IEEE802.il is a cost-effective solution for wirelessly connecting terminal devices, such as computers, over a network.
- standards that support the physical layer at higher data rates are being extended.
- the MAC (media access control) layer is subject to throughput saturation as the data rate increases (see Non-Patent Document 1, for example).
- the limitation lies in the MAC (media access control) layer.
- the IEEE802.11 working group recognizes the need for high-throughput wireless LANs based on both MAC and physical layer changes to existing wireless LANs.
- Communication in the conventional wireless LAN system is based on the CSMA scheme, that is, The ability of the STA to transmit a data packet is determined by detecting whether the accessing medium is busy (busy) or idle (unused).
- One approach to increasing the throughput in such a wireless LAN system is to use, for example, the advantages of the space division multiple access (SDMA) scheme. To make use of this, it is necessary to perform optimal scheduling such that APs transmit and receive to and from different STAs on different antennas.
- SDMA space division multiple access
- Non-Patent Document 1 "Throughput Analysis for IEEE802.11a Higher Data Rates"
- media access is based on a contention-based access method such as the CSMA method (that is, the right to access the medium is contested by a plurality of STAs).
- the STA that wishes to refrain from sending data packets when it detects that the media is busy. Therefore, at each access timing, only one of the plurality of STAs included in the wireless LAN system can transmit a data packet. Therefore, it is not easy to improve the throughput in a wireless LAN system.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a carrier sense multiple access method, a wireless base station device, and a wireless terminal device that can improve the throughput in a wireless network.
- a carrier sense multiple access method provides a radio base station supporting space division multiple access, comprising: an antenna unit for forming a directional beam; A carrier sense multiple access method executed in a wireless network having a station device and a wireless terminal device communicating with the wireless base station device, wherein the radio terminal device has the directivity according to a position of the wireless terminal device.
- An assignment step belonging to a group defined by the reach of the beam; and a signature signal unique to each group is assigned to the wireless terminal device assigned in the assignment step. Allocating to the medium, detecting whether the signature signal allocated in the allocating step is present in the medium to be accessed, and detecting the presence of the signature signal in the medium as a result of the detection in the detecting step. If not, a transmitting step of simultaneously transmitting the signature signal and the data packet addressed to the wireless base station device is provided.
- a radio base station apparatus is a radio base station compatible with space division multiplex access, comprising: an antenna unit for forming a directional beam; and a plurality of transmission / reception units capable of operating in parallel connected to the antenna unit.
- a configuration is adopted that includes an assigning unit that assigns a unique signature signal to each group, and a notifying unit that notifies the wireless terminal device of the assigned signature signal.
- the wireless terminal device of the present invention is unique to each group defined by the reach of the directional beam formed by the antenna unit of the wireless base station device that is the communication partner, and is notified from the wireless base station device.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a wireless LAN on which a CSMA method according to an embodiment of the present invention is executed.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a wireless LAN in an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an access timing structure in one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing in detail a transmission pattern in an uplink access period in one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining an extended CSMA algorithm according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a first example of a signature signal transmission method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a second example of a signature signal transmission method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a third example of a signature signal transmission method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an operation mode of the extended CSMA algorithm according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a timing chart of an extended CSMA algorithm according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- a STA is defined by a directivity formed by an antenna unit of a wireless base station apparatus (AP in the present embodiment) in accordance with the position of a wireless terminal apparatus (hereinafter, referred to as "STA").
- STA wireless terminal apparatus
- a plurality of STAs can simultaneously perform media contention and data bucket transmission in the wireless LAN. Therefore, in order to effectively increase the total throughput of the wireless LAN, an embodiment of the present invention is described.
- APs and STAs that execute such CSMA algorithms (hereinafter referred to as “extended CSMA algorithms”) are described. The following definitions are used for understanding the present invention.
- a "wireless LAN” is a network implemented in a specific area based on a wireless access technology and provides LAN services to STAs through the wireless access technology. Includes any number of devices or nodes.
- Wireless terminal device refers to a device that can access services provided by a wireless LAN.
- Access point refers to a wireless base station device in a wireless LAN that controls access to the wireless LAN and maintains the access timing. Another major role of the AP is, for example, that the STA in the wireless LAN functions as a bridge to access devices in other networks.
- Spatial division multiple access means that a plurality of STAs are simultaneously the same due to the physical separation in the space of the STAs and the function of a transmitting / receiving unit for transmitting / receiving signals (data packets) using directional beams.
- An access mechanism that can communicate using frequency bands.
- Media refers to a wireless channel on which a wireless LAN operates.
- the "multi-beam antenna” refers to an antenna system that can form a directional beam in a plurality of different directions by minimizing crossover and inter-beam interference and realize SDMA.
- the "media access control (MAC) layer” broadly refers to a network protocol used by each STA to enable access to media.
- the "physical (PHY) layer” refers to an actual transmitting / receiving unit that transmits / receives signals (data packets) to / from a wireless LAN. This can be summarized as being some sub-layer powers, such as the MAC layer power and the control layer and the control layer.
- Uplink refers to the direction of transmission from the STA to the AP.
- Downlink refers to the direction of transmission (eg, broadcast, multicast, broadcast) from the AP to the STA.
- the "simultaneous communication group” refers to a set of one or more STAs covered by one or more directional beams simultaneously formed by SDMA-compatible APs equipped with a multi-beam antenna.
- the "beam area” refers to one reach of one or more directional beams formed simultaneously by the AP.
- the "beam group” refers to a set of one or more STAs covered by one of one or more directional beams formed simultaneously by the AP.
- Beam start beacon frame refers to an access allocated to a simultaneous communication group. Refers to the frame broadcast by the AP in all beam areas of the simultaneous communication group to signal the start of the communication period. Further, the frame may optionally include information on the downlink period and the scheduling for the beam group Z simultaneous communication group.
- the "beam end beacon frame” refers to a frame broadcast from the AP to STAs in the beam group Z simultaneous communication group to notify the end of the access period assigned to the simultaneous communication group. .
- the "polling Z monitoring contention notification frame" is used to broadcast the start of an uplink access period, the schedule for each STA to perform uplink access, and the period during which contention-based access is permitted.
- AP force also belongs to each beam group
- Contention-based channel access refers to a method in which individual STAs are assigned to shared media based on a non-scheduled distributed contention algorithm executed by each STA in order to achieve fairness in media access. Refers to the MAC mechanism to access.
- Poly-based channel access refers to a MAC mechanism in which access to shared media is controlled by centralized control of allocating access to media by polling individual STAs.
- the "hidden terminal” refers to a STA that is located in an area that can be covered by a beam that also radiates an AP force, but is located outside an area that can be covered by a beam that is radiated from another STA. Such a scenario can occur, for example, when multiple STAs are physically located at opposite ends of a wireless LAN!
- Carrier Sense Multiple Access involves a process of detecting that the medium is idle for a certain period of time and waiting for a random knock-off value before executing data packet transmission. , Contention-based channel access technology.
- CCA Certear channel assessment
- the "signature signal” is assigned to a member STA of each beam group, and by using this, the STA determines whether another STA in the same beam group transmits an action Z. Refers to a signal that can be determined.
- the "slot time” is defined as a fixed unit time including a CCA required time, a round-trip propagation delay time, and a MAC processing time.
- the "detection time” is defined as a fixed unit time required to detect whether or not a force exists in a medium in which a signature signal exists.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a wireless LAN in which the CSMA method according to one embodiment of the present invention is executed.
- the wireless LAN 100 shown in FIG. 1 is a typical wireless LAN including an AP 110 and a plurality of STAs 120, 130, 140.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of wireless LAN 100.
- the STAs 120 to 140 have basically the same internal configuration, only the internal configuration of the STA 120 is shown in FIG. 2, and the description of the internal configuration of the STAs 130 and 140 is omitted. Also, it is obvious that the STAs included in the wireless LAN 100 are not limited to the three STAs 120-140. In the following description, one or more arbitrary STAs included in wireless LAN 100 may be referred to as “user”.
- the API 10 which is a fixed network infrastructure device, is a multi-beam antenna 111 capable of forming a plurality of different directional beams 145a, 145b, 145c spatially separated by minimizing cross-over Z interference between beams. Having.
- API 10 A group assignment unit 112 that assigns each STA 120-140 to a beam group according to the position of the STA 120-140, a signature signal assignment unit 113 that assigns a unique signature signal to each assigned STA 120-140 for each beam group, It is connected to the multi-beam antenna 111 and can operate in parallel, and also supports wireless communication with the STA 120-140, such as signaling of signature signals to the STA 120-140 and transmission and reception of data packets to and from the STA 120-140 There are a plurality of (for example, N) transmission / reception units 1141, 1142, ⁇ , 114N.
- the AP 110 has an extended CSMA algorithm executing unit 115 that executes the extended CSMA algorithm, similarly to the extended CSMA algorithm executing unit 123 in each of the STAs 120-140.
- the STA 120 generally has a small demand for portability and mobility, and is a simple antenna capable of forming an omni-directional or quasi-omni-directional beam radiation pattern (generally, a single component). It has 121. Further, when the STA 120 attempts to transmit to the AP 110 and the transmitting / receiving unit 122 that is responsible for wireless communication with the API 10, such as receiving a signature signal signaled from the API 10 and transmitting / receiving a data packet to / from the API 10. And an extended CSMA algorithm execution unit 123 for executing the extended CSMA algorithm. The extended CSMA algorithm will be described in detail later.
- the STAs 130 and 140 have the same configuration as the STA 120 and perform the same operation.
- the API 10 with the multi-beam antenna 111 can form a set of beams directed in a plurality of different directions, including the omni-directional beam radiation pattern.
- the group assignment unit 112 depends on the functions of the AP 110, such as the spatial and Z-angle separation of users (for example, STAs 120 to 140), traffic patterns, and the number of directional beams that can be formed and their resolution. Therefore, users who want to use the media 150 optimally belong to the beam group. Then, the signature signal allocating unit 113 allocates the assigned user a signature signal uniquely associated with each beam group.
- Signature signal allocation is performed during the group assignment phase (ie, while the user is assigned to the simultaneous communication group and the beam group). In addition, due to the movement of the user, one or more users may join a new simultaneous communication group Z-beam group. Even when reassigned, the signature signal is reassigned.
- each user transmits a data packet
- by attaching a signature signal to the data packet it is possible to determine whether or not another user competing for the medium 150 is a user in the same beam group. can do. If another user in the same beam group is transmitting while it is transmitting, a collision will occur and transmission will be refrained. Further, it is possible to determine whether users of different beam groups are transmitting. In this case, since the API 10 can separately receive two transmissions based on the angular separation of a plurality of users, a plurality of users competing for the media 150 can transmit at the same time.
- transmitting / receiving section 114 notifies the user of the signature signal through one-to-one frame exchange or through information element signaling exchange.
- API 10 provides time-division services to users in these beam groups by signaling to the user the start and end of the period allowed to access user media 150 in each beam group. provide.
- Traffic in wireless LAN 100 is characterized by either uplink or downlink.
- the transmission and reception operations must be synchronized for all beams at all times. More specifically, this synchronization is ensured for the periods allocated to multiple users of each simultaneous communication group and divided for uplink and downlink. Also, the occurrence of these periods is synchronized across different beam groups within the simultaneous communication group. Such a timing structure will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of an access timing structure when the API 10 divides a user in the wireless LAN 100 into two simultaneous communication groups X and Y. The focus here is on the access period for simultaneous communication group X! I will explain.
- Each simultaneous communication group X, Y consists of three simultaneously formed beam groups A, B, C.
- Transmission pattern 153 is for a user belonging to a beam group A
- the transmission pattern 15 4 is for a user belonging to the beam group B
- the transmission pattern 155 is for a user belonging to the beam group C It is for
- the access period 151 for the simultaneous communication group X is divided into a downlink access period 156 and an uplink access period 157.
- Reference numeral 158 indicates a simultaneous communication group Z synchronization.
- the beam start beacon frame 159 is broadcast by the API 10.
- the beam start beacon frame 159 contains the start of the access period 151 assigned to the simultaneous communication group X, the length of the downlink access period 156, and optionally the scheduling of the downlink transmission in each beam group A, B, C. And
- Polling Z monitoring which is the last frame transmitted in the downlink access period 156, is a contention notification frame 160, which broadcasts schedules for a plurality of users under different beam groups A, B, and C of the simultaneous communication group X. I do. Polling Z-monitoring contention broadcast frame 160 also reports the remaining period during which multiple users under beam groups A, B, and C can access on a contention basis after the scheduled transmission ends.
- Reference numeral 161 is a beam end beacon frame indicating the end of the access period 151 of a plurality of users belonging to the simultaneous communication group X. Beam end beacon frame 161 is broadcast by API 10. The same transmission pattern applies to all other simultaneous communication groups such as simultaneous communication group Y.
- Network traffic is classified according to statistics such as a data rate, a packet arrival rate, and a packet allowable delay time.
- Common MAC mechanisms include contention based and polled based.
- Polling-based channel access is an efficient mechanism for traffic that requires a certain quality of service (QoS), characterized in terms of a certain bandwidth and an acceptable delay time. Examples of such traffic include audio-Z video, voice and other multimedia content. It is.
- Contention-based channel access is a mechanism for providing services to random Z irregular traffic such as the text and hypertext transfer protocols.
- SDMA has strict synchronization requirements. Therefore, in terms of optimally scheduling uplink and downlink traffic for different beam groups, the AP 110 can efficiently reuse the channel bandwidth spatially and generate higher total throughput. Base channel access is better. It is clear that traffic that also emits API 10 power, ie downlink traffic, can be easily scheduled because the traffic characteristics are known to API 10. However, for uplink traffic that is periodically repeated, it is generally necessary for the user (source) to make a resource reservation so that the API 10 can allocate bandwidth in the polling Z monitoring contention notification frame 160. It becomes.
- FIG. 4 shows the transmission pattern in the uplink access period 157 described in FIG. 3 in detail.
- the transmission pattern of beam group A of simultaneous communication group X will be described as an example.
- the schedule for each beam group A, B, C in the uplink access period 157 is broadcast.
- each user first performs transmission in the polling-based access periods 171, 172, and 173 according to the schedule broadcast in the polling Z monitoring contention broadcast frame 160. After completion of the scheduled polling-based access period 171-173, the remaining period is used as a contention-based access period 174,175,176.
- each user is relying on the broadcast schedule and each local clock to determine when to transmit.
- the contention-based channel access mechanism is a carrier sensing technique that includes a process of confirming that the media is idle for a certain period of time before attempting to transmit. While the API 10 uses the multi-beam antenna 111, the user is simple and small! / ⁇ The SDMA wireless LAN 100 uses the omni-directional antenna 121 with form factor. V, that is, belongs to beam group A! /, Does a certain user, that is, a user located in the beam area of beam group A, refrain from transmitting during transmission of a user belonging to beam group B or beam group C? In the past, it was common to delay (the same applies to beam group and C).
- the AP 110 can separate a plurality of transmissions emitted from different beam ranges. Due to the physical separation of multiple users and the use of only power control, multiple users located in different beam areas may become “hidden terminals” to each other, resulting in simultaneous uplink access. obtain. However, in practice, it is rare that multiple users are distributed in such a state.
- the polling-based access period 173 of the beam group C ends earlier than the polling-based access periods 171 and 172 of the beam groups A and B.
- the contention-based access period 176 for beam group C starts earlier than the contention-based access periods 174, 175 for beam groups A and B.
- the API 10 can separately receive a plurality of transmissions emitted from the separated ranges.
- a user belonging to beam group C can start contention-based channel access without waiting for the end of transmission in polling-based access periods 171 and 172.
- the contention-based access periods i 74 and 175 can be started after the polling-based access periods 171 and 172 of the own group have ended. Therefore, it is possible to significantly reduce wasting the channel band.
- the users belonging to each of the beam groups A, B, and C to simultaneously access the media, thereby increasing the number of users who can access at each timing as compared with the conventional case.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining the extended CSMA algorithm according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- step S701 the value of the backoff counter value (BackoffCounter) is initialized to “0”. Subsequently, in step S702, a CCA algorithm is used to determine whether the media 150 is busy or idle.
- CCA algorithm channel Based on the received power level measurement. According to the specification of IEEE802.11a, there are two requirements for detection accuracy depending on whether a signal preamble is detected. Since the STA 120 generally uses an omnidirectional antenna 121, the STA 120 performs transmission in a certain beam area, and if one STA exists, the STA in the other beam area uses a medium 150 Is determined to be busy.
- step S704 it is determined whether the data packet to be transmitted is new, that is, whether it is the first transmission attempt. If the data packet is new (S704: YES), the process proceeds to step S705, and if the data packet is not new, that is, if it is the second or more transmission attempt (S704: NO), the process proceeds to step S751.
- the first stage S703 represents the conventional CSMA algorithm.
- step S705 the idle duration of the medium 150 has already been set to DIFS (Distributed
- Inter Frame Space is determined (that is, the same or exceeded). If the idle duration is equal to or exceeds the DIFS (S705: YES), the process proceeds to step S715 and immediately transmits a data packet. On the other hand, if the idle duration is shorter than DIFS (S705: NO), the flow proceeds to step S751.
- step S751 it is determined whether or not the media idle duration has reached DIFS. If the media 150 changes to a busy state before the idle duration reaches the DIFS (S751: NO), the process immediately returns to step S702. If the idle state continues until the DIFS reaches the DIFS (S751: YES), the process returns to step S752. move on.
- step S752 similarly to step S704, it is determined whether the data packet to be transmitted is new, that is, whether the data packet is the first transmission attempt.
- a random back-off value is selected and set to the back-off counter value (S760), and then the process proceeds to step S753. If it is the second or more transmission attempt (S752: NO), do nothing and go to step S753.
- the random backoff value is a value set as an integer multiple of the slot time.
- step S753 it is determined whether the backoff counter value is “0”. Back off cow If the counter value is “0” (S753: YES), the process proceeds to step S715 and immediately transmits a data packet. When the backoff counter value is not “0” (S753: NO), the process proceeds to step 714.
- step 714 it is determined whether or not the idle state of the medium 150 continues for a further slot time (SlotTime). As a result of this determination, if the busy state occurs before the slot time (S714: NO), the process returns to step S702. If the slot time idle state continues (S714: YES), the backoff counter value is decremented by “1” in step S754. After decrementing, the process returns to step S753 again, and repeats steps S753, S714, and S754 until the back-off counter value becomes “0” and the data is transmitted or the medium 150 is busy during the process.
- SlotTime slot time
- step S709 which is the first step of the second stage S708, similarly to step S751, it is determined whether or not the data packet to be transmitted is new, that is, whether or not the data packet is the first transmission attempt.
- a random back-off value is selected and set to the back-off counter value (S710), and the process proceeds to step S711. If it is the second or more transmission attempt (S709: NO), the process proceeds to step S711 without doing anything.
- step S711 a determination is made as to whether or not a signature signal of the same beam group as the STA attempting to transmit the data packet is detected.
- a signature signal of the same beam group that is, when another STA of the same beam group is transmitting a data packet (S711: YES)
- the process returns to step S702, and when a signature signal is not detected (S711: NO). ) Proceed to step S755.
- step S755 it is determined whether the back-off counter value is “0”. When the back-off force counter value is “0” (S755: YES), the data packet is immediately transmitted (S715). If the back-off counter value is not “0”! /, Proceed to the next step S756.
- step S756 it is determined by the CCA whether the medium 150 is in an idle state or a busy state. If the medium 150 is determined to be idle (S756: YES), the process immediately proceeds to step S714 of the first stage S703. If the media 150 remains busy (S75 6:? ⁇ 0), and proceed to step 3757.
- step S757 it is determined again whether or not a signature signal of the same beam group is detected.
- the determination period in this step is a detection time (DetectionTime).
- DetectionTime a detection time
- the process immediately returns to step S702.
- the signature signal of the same beam group is not detected (S757: NO)
- the process proceeds to step S758, and the back-off counter value is decremented by “1”. After decrement, return to step S755 again.
- the decrement (S754) in the process of the first stage S703 is performed in units of slot time (SlotTime)
- the decrement (S758) in the process of the second stage S708 is performed in units of detection time (DetectionTime). Is This is because the detection time can be longer than the slot time, depending on the nature of the signature signal used. In such a case, if the knock-off counter value is decremented in slot time units, the back-off counter value may become "0" before the time for detecting one signature signal elapses. This implies that a transmission will occur and a collision will occur. Such a situation can be avoided by decrementing in units of detection time.
- a key requirement of the above extended CSMA algorithm is that the STA 120 can detect the presence of the signature signals of the other STAs 130 and 140 in the medium 150 where multiple simultaneous transmissions can be performed.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a first example of a signature signal transmission method
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a second example of a signature signal transmission method
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a third example of a signature signal transmission method.
- Wireless LAN 100 operating in the 5 GHz UNII (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure) band operates using 20 MHz channelization.
- the 20 MHz spectrum mask 181 of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) transmission while conforming to the 20 MHz spectrum mask 181 of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) transmission, the 0th (ie, the center of the spectrum used) that is not used in the OFDM transmission 183 of only normal data packets is used. Part) subcarrier 182 frequency Used.
- OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
- the signature signal is transmitted with low power using 0th subcarrier 185.
- the channelization in the 5 GHz UNII band is 20 MHz.
- the spectrum occupied by the force baseband is 16.667 MHz as indicated by reference numeral 186.
- the extra band excluding the 16.667 MHz spectrum occupation area 186 from the 20 MHz spectrum mask is used as a guard band and is provided to deal with roll-off in filter design.
- the ⁇ 27th frequency not used in OFDM transmission 183 of only normal data packets that is, frequency C of subcarrier 191 at both boundaries of the spectrum to be used is used.
- the signature signal is transmitted using the ⁇ 27th subcarrier 193.
- the transmission of the 27th subcarrier 193 is performed with lower power than the transmission of other subcarriers in order to reduce the requirement imposed on the filter on the receiving side by reducing the power of the additional subcarrier.
- both the 0th subcarrier 185 and the ⁇ 27th subcarrier 193 may be used simultaneously.
- a frequency band not used for transmitting a data packet can be effectively used for transmitting a signature signal.
- each user can determine whether or not the same signature signal assigned by the API 10 is transmitted.
- a spreading code as the signature signal.
- Spreading code with high autocorrelation characteristics The signature signal can be detected with a high degree of success. Further, by using a spreading code having low cross-correlation characteristics, the possibility of a signature signal detection error can be reduced.
- the spreading code is used as a signature signal in this way, a signature indicating that another user in the same beam group has already transmitted by using a correlator (matched filter). The presence or absence of a signal can be accurately determined.
- the signature signal is given a characteristic such that its average value becomes zero. By doing so, it is possible to minimize the effects of DC offsets that occur in the DZA converter of the transmitting user and the AZD converter of the receiving user.
- the spreading code is used as a signature signal, even if the signature signal is transmitted at a lower transmission power than the data packet transmission, the low power can be compensated for by the processing gain on the receiving side.
- each subcarrier in the frequency domain.
- three orthogonal subcarriers 194 are obtained, that is, ⁇ 27th and 0th subcarriers.
- Each of these subcarriers 194 can be used as a signature signal to be identified.
- the three signature signals are associated with the ⁇ 27th and 0th subcarriers, respectively.
- the number of each signature signal may be limited by the number of subcarriers, but the receiving device measures the power of each frequency to detect the signature signal at high speed. be able to.
- the extended CSMA algorithm supports two state-determining values, a CCA value (ClearChannelAssessment) and a signature signal detection value (SignatureSignalDetection), as shown in Figure 9. It needs to be corrected as follows. These values are represented by three operation modes shown as decrement time units (DecrementTimeUnit) in FIG. 9, namely, operation modes shown in slot time (SlotTime), detection time (DetectionTime) and NZA (NoTransmissionTime). , 6 05 and 606 are decided.
- STA1 the operation mode shown in FIG. 9 and the flow chart of the extended CSMA algorithm in FIG. 5, an operation example when three STAs (referred to as “STA1,” “STA2,” and “STA3” in this example) are explained.
- STA1 and STA2 belong to the same beam group and share the same signature signal, while the third STA3 belongs to a different beam group and have different signature signals at the same time.
- media 150 is busy
- STA1 selected a random backoff value of "6”
- STA2 selected a random backoff value of "4".
- STA3 starts transmission at the moment of time 801.
- STA1 and STA2 decrement their backoff counter values, as shown during each slot period (ie, periods 802, 803).
- the CCA algorithm detects that the media 150 is busy, and as a result, the knock-off counter value is simply decremented by one.
- Periods 804 and 805 indicate that the back-off counter values of STA1 and STA2 are reduced in detection time units, respectively.
- each STA 120-140 is defined by the reach of the directional beam formed by multi-beam antenna 111 of API 10 according to the position of STA 120-140.
- an API is used to assign a unique signature signal to each assigned STA 120—140 to each assigned STA 120—140.
- 10 has a transceiver for each beam, so each STA simultaneously 0 can be communicated with, and the throughput in the wireless LAN 100 can be improved.
- the wireless LAN 100 described in the present embodiment has several application fields. In other words, companies can use a laptop computer with wireless access on a desk, and sometimes move it to a conference room or the like for use.
- the AP is connected to a home AV server consisting of a set-top box, media player, and portal to the Internet, and various devices with a wireless access function, such as a display panel, a camera, and a notebook. It can be used, for example, by a type computer accessing information stored on the Internet or a home AV server.
- the wireless LAN 100 of the present embodiment can also be applied to a cellular hot spot such as a lobby of an office building or a coffee shop where a STA using a data service accesses.
- the carrier sense multiplex access method, wireless base station device, and wireless terminal device of the present invention have an effect of improving the throughput in a wireless network, and are useful in a wireless network such as a wireless LAN.
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Abstract
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EP04787660A EP1662677A1 (en) | 2003-09-17 | 2004-09-06 | Carrier sense multiplex access method, radio base station apparatus, and radio terminal apparatus |
US10/572,033 US7804842B2 (en) | 2003-09-17 | 2004-09-06 | Carrier sense multiple access method and wireless terminal apparatus |
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JP2003324793A JP4143011B2 (ja) | 2003-09-17 | 2003-09-17 | キャリアセンス多重アクセス方法、無線基地局装置及び無線端末装置 |
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US7804842B2 (en) | 2010-09-28 |
US20060274776A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
EP1662677A1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
JP4143011B2 (ja) | 2008-09-03 |
JP2005094337A (ja) | 2005-04-07 |
CN1846374A (zh) | 2006-10-11 |
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