WO2004104684A1 - 画像表示装置及びその製造に用いる基板重ね合わせ装置 - Google Patents
画像表示装置及びその製造に用いる基板重ね合わせ装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004104684A1 WO2004104684A1 PCT/JP2004/006837 JP2004006837W WO2004104684A1 WO 2004104684 A1 WO2004104684 A1 WO 2004104684A1 JP 2004006837 W JP2004006837 W JP 2004006837W WO 2004104684 A1 WO2004104684 A1 WO 2004104684A1
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- image display
- substrate
- display device
- resin
- display medium
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133305—Flexible substrates, e.g. plastics, organic film
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F1/16755—Substrates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/1533—Constructional details structural features not otherwise provided for
Definitions
- Image display device and substrate superposing device used for manufacturing the same
- the present invention relates to an image display device that encapsulates an image display medium between two opposing substrates, at least one of which is transparent, applies an electric field to the image display medium, moves the image display medium, and displays an image. Things.
- an image display device replacing a liquid crystal (LCD)
- an image display device (display) using a technology such as an electrophoresis method, an electoric chromium method, a thermal method, and a two-color particle rotation method
- a technology such as an electrophoresis method, an electoric chromium method, a thermal method, and a two-color particle rotation method
- an image display medium is sealed between opposing substrates, at least one of which is transparent, an electric field is applied to the image display medium, and the image display medium is moved to display an image.
- image display devices provide next-generation inexpensive display devices because of their advantages such as obtaining a wide viewing angle close to ordinary printed matter, low power consumption, and having a memory function, as compared with LCDs. It is considered as a device and is expected to be applied to displays for mobile terminals and electronic paper.
- an image display device that encloses an image display medium between opposed substrates at least one of which is transparent, applies an electric field to the image display medium, moves the image display medium, and displays an image.
- a substrate overlaying device for an LCD used as a substrate overlaying device for overlaying a substrate on which partition walls are formed and filled with an image display medium and another substrate.
- the LCD overlaying device does not handle substrates filled with image display media (the substrates were bonded and filled with liquid crystal), so the transparent substrate was fixed to the upper stage.
- An optical device for reading the alignment mark is provided on the upper side, and the alignment mark of the substrate fixed on the lower stage is read through a transparent substrate.
- FIG. 8 is a view for explaining an example of a conventional substrate stacking apparatus for LCD.
- a conventional substrate superposing apparatus 51 includes an upper substrate stage 53 for fixing an upper substrate 52, a lower substrate stage 55 for fixing a lower substrate 54, and an alignment of the lower substrate stage 55. It comprises a stage driving section 56, a stage vertical driving section 57 for vertically moving the lower substrate stage 55, and an alignment mark reading section 58 provided on the upper substrate stage 53.
- the substrate superimposing device 51 for an LCD having the above-described configuration is used for substrate superimposition in a manufacturing process of an image display device using an image display medium as an object of the present invention
- a partition is formed on a transparent substrate on the observation side.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide an image display device capable of achieving weight reduction and compactness.
- Another object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and to superimpose substrates having good positional accuracy and having no defects such as unevenness even when the transmittance of the rear substrate is low.
- the purpose is to provide an apparatus for superimposing substrates that can be bonded together.
- an image display medium (preferably, a particle group or a powder fluid) is sealed between opposing substrates, at least one of which is transparent, and an image is given by applying an electric field to the image display medium.
- An image display device for displaying an image by moving a display medium is characterized in that at least a rear substrate located on the side opposite to the visual side is made of a resin material.
- the weight of the device can be reduced and the compact size can be achieved.
- Preferable examples of the image display device of the present invention include a configuration in which the back resin substrate is a glass fiber reinforced resin substrate, a configuration in which the back resin substrate is a polyimide resin, and a configuration in which the back resin substrate is formed by previously bonding a metal plate. And a configuration in which a thin metal film is preliminarily laminated on the back resin substrate by using a vacuum technique.
- Another preferred example of the image display device of the present invention is that when a metal plate or a resin plate in which a metal thin film is laminated on a back resin substrate is used, the material of the metal plate or the metal thin film is copper, aluminum, or the like. , Nickel, chromium, gold, and alloys in which at least two of these metals are mixed, and the material of the metal plate or metal thin film is copper, aluminum There is a structure in which at least two layers are formed of a metal, nickel, chromium, gold, or an alloy in which at least two kinds of these metals are mixed, and a material of these metal plates or metal thin films.
- a metal plate or a resin substrate on which a metal thin film is laminated is used, and a chemical method such as etching or a physical method such as cutting or cutting is used.
- a configuration in which predetermined electrodes are formed on a substrate, a configuration in which a back resin substrate in which a metal plate or a metal thin film is laminated is multilayered using through holes, and a configuration in which a back resin substrate in which a metal plate or a metal thin film is laminated are used.
- There is a configuration in which a driver and a controller for driving an image display medium are laminated on a back surface by a multilayer board.
- the facing substrate on the visual side is a transparent resin substrate having a transparent conductive layer, and an image display panel provided in the image display device. May be a segment drive type panel.
- the substrate superposition apparatus of the present invention encloses an image display medium between opposing substrates, at least one of which is transparent, applies an electric field to the image display medium, moves the image display medium, and displays an image.
- a mechanism for driving the stage in the horizontal direction (xy direction) is provided on the stage side for fixing the lower substrate, and the lower substrate is a partition.
- the transmittance of visible light (wavelength 380 nm 780 nm) of the base material constituting the upper substrate is 20% or less.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing an example of a panel display method in an image display device to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a panel structure in an image display device to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing another example of the panel structure in the image display device to which the present invention is applied.
- FIGS. 4a and 4b are diagrams each showing a configuration of an example of a back substrate used in the image display device of the present invention.
- FIGS. 5a and 5b are diagrams for explaining effects when the panel of the image display device to which the present invention is applied is a segment drive system.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing an example of a shape of a partition wall in the image display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a view for explaining an example of the substrate superposing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a view for explaining an example of a conventional substrate overlaying apparatus for an LCD.
- An image display device to which the present invention is applied is such that an image display medium is sealed between two opposing substrates, at least one of which is transparent, an electric field is applied to the image display medium, and the image display medium is moved to move the image display medium.
- Any configuration is acceptable as long as it has a configuration for displaying.
- an image display device using a liquid crystal system, an electrophoretic system, an electoric chromic system, a thermal system, a two-color particle rotating system, a dry particle moving or powder-fluid moving technology is a target.
- a dry-type image display device using a particle group or a powder fluid will be described as an example.
- FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are diagrams each showing a configuration of an example of an image display panel used in the image display device of the present invention.
- powder 3 here, white powder 3W and black powder 3B
- the back substrate 1 and the transparent facing substrate 2 are used.
- An image is displayed by applying an electric field from the back electrode 5 and the facing electrode 6 to the enclosed powder fluid 3 and moving the back surface substrate 1 and the facing substrate 2 in the vertical direction.
- the space between the back substrate 1 and the facing substrate 2 is divided by a partition wall 4 to have a structure with multiple cells, and a powder fluid 3 is sealed in the cell.
- a display panel can also be configured.
- the white powder fluid 3W is assigned to the white particle group
- the black powder fluid 3B is assigned to the black particle group. The same applies to the case of replacement.
- the features of the image display device of the present invention reside in the material and configuration of the substrate in the image display panel having the above-described configuration. That is, in the image display panel having the above-described configuration, at least the rear substrate 1 located on the opposite side of the transparent facing substrate 2 on the visual side among the two rear substrates 1 and the facing substrate 2 is made of a resin material. It is characterized by: By using a resin material as the back substrate 1, the entire image display device can be made lighter, and the lighter weight can be achieved. it can.
- a resin material constituting the back substrate 1 a resin such as epoxy, polyester, nylon, polyimide, or polycarbonate can be used, and among them, polyimide is preferable.
- FRP Fiber Reinforced Plastic
- those resins are reinforced with glass fibers, carbon fibers, or other fibers can also be suitably used, and among them, FRP reinforced with glass fibers is preferably used.
- those resin materials which are formed into a sheet shape in advance can also be suitably used.
- the thickness of the substrate is preferably 2-400 ⁇ , and more preferably 5-300 ⁇ .If it is too thin, it is difficult to maintain the strength and uniformity between the substrates. This leads to increased stress, which is inconvenient in terms of electrode connection.
- the back substrate 1 As an example of the configuration of the back substrate 1, as shown in FIG. 1, a metal-attached laminated resin substrate in which a metal plate constituting the back electrode 5 is previously bonded to a resin substrate made of the above-described resin material Can be taken.
- the back substrate 1 can be configured by previously laminating a metal thin film on a resin substrate by using a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering using a vacuum technique. Copper, aluminum, nickel, chromium, gold, and alloys containing a mixture of at least two of these metals can be used as the material for these metal plates or metal thin films. Further, at least two or more of these metal plates or metal thin film materials can be laminated.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams each showing another configuration of the back substrate used in the image display device of the present invention.
- another configuration of the rear substrate 1 is a rear substrate 1 in which a resin layer 11 and a metal layer 12 made of a metal plate or a metal thin film are laminated in two or more layers. Further, an example is shown in which the upper and lower metal layers 12 are electrically connected via through holes 13 to form a multilayer.
- FIG. 4A In addition, in the example shown in FIG. An example is shown.
- both a multilayer structure using the through holes 13 shown in FIG. 4A and a laminated structure such as the driver 14 shown in FIG. 4B can be provided simultaneously.
- compactness of the entire image display device can be effectively achieved in addition to the lightweight display.
- a film substrate or a sheet substrate made of a resin material such as glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, and acrylic is used as a material of the transparent facing substrate 2 on the visual side.
- a resin material such as glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, and acrylic
- a mixture of at least one kind of metal, oxide, nitride, boride and the like can be used as the transparent facing electrode 6 on the visual side. Among them, most commonly In O
- a segment driving method can be adopted as a driving method of the image display panel.
- the reason is as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 5A, when the lead wires 23 from each segment 22 to the electrode are arranged on the surface of the substrate 21, the portion of the lead wire 23 is also displayed. In this case, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), a hole (through hole 24) is made in a portion corresponding to each segment 22, and the lead wire 23 is carried on the back surface of the board 21, so that only the segment is displayed. This is because it becomes possible.
- the "powder fluid” in the present invention shows its own fluidity without using the power of gas or liquid. It is a substance in an intermediate state between the two, which has the characteristics of fluid and particles.
- a liquid crystal is defined as an intermediate phase between a liquid and a solid, and has fluidity, a characteristic of liquid, and anisotropy (optical properties), a characteristic of solid (Heibonsha: Encyclopedia) ).
- the definition of a particle is an object having a finite mass, even if it is negligible, and is said to be affected by gravity (Maruzen: Encyclopedia of Physics).
- particles also have a special state of gas-solid fluidized bed or liquid-solid fluid.
- gas-solid fluidized bed When gas flows from the bottom plate to the particles, an upward force acts on the particles corresponding to the velocity of the gas.
- a fluid that can easily flow when it balances gravity is called a gas-solid fluidized bed, and a fluidized state by the same fluid is called a liquid-solid fluid. (Heibonsha: Encyclopedia).
- the gas-solid fluidized bed and the liquid-solid fluid are in a state utilizing the flow of gas or liquid.
- a substance in a state of exhibiting fluidity can be specifically produced without using the power of such a gas or the power of a liquid, and this is defined as a powder fluid.
- the powder fluid in the present invention is in an intermediate state having both characteristics of particles and liquid, as in the definition of liquid crystal (intermediate phase between liquid and solid), and has the characteristics of particles described above.
- Such a substance can be obtained in an aerosol state, that is, a dispersion system in which a solid or liquid substance is stably suspended as a dispersoid in a gas, and the solid substance is regarded as a dispersoid in the image display device of the present invention. Is what you do.
- the image display device to which the present invention is applied is a powder fluid that exhibits high fluidity in an aerosol state in which solid particles are stably suspended as a dispersoid in a gas between opposed substrates, at least one of which is transparent. Is sealed as an image display medium, and such a powder fluid can be easily and stably moved by Coulomb force or the like when a low voltage is applied.
- the powder fluid is a substance in an intermediate state between a fluid and a particle that exhibits fluidity by itself without using the power of gas or liquid.
- the powdered fluid can be in an aerosol state, and is used in the image display device of the present invention in a state where a solid substance is relatively stably suspended as a dispersoid in a gas.
- the range of the aerosol state is preferably at least twice as large as the apparent volume at the time of the maximum suspension of the powdered fluid, more preferably at least 2.5 times, particularly preferably at least three times. You.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 12 times or less.
- the apparent volume of the powder fluid at the maximum floating time is smaller than twice that at the time of non-floating, it becomes difficult to control the display. Inconvenience in handling such as The apparent volume at the time of maximum suspension is measured as follows. That is, the powdered fluid is put into a closed container through which the powdered fluid can be seen, and the container itself is vibrated or dropped to create a maximum floating state, and the apparent volume at that time is measured for the external force of the container. Specifically, a polypropylene container with a 6 cm diameter (inner diameter) and a 10 cm height (product name: Iboy: Az-One Co., Ltd.) has a volume equivalent to 1/5 of the volume of powder fluid when not suspended. Fill the powder fluid, set the container on a shaker, and shake at a distance of 6 cm at 3 reciprocations / sec for 3 hours. The apparent volume immediately after stopping shaking is the apparent volume at the time of maximum suspension.
- the image display device of the present invention is preferably one in which the temporal change of the apparent volume of the powder fluid satisfies the following expression.
- V is the apparent volume (cm 3 ) 5 minutes after the maximum suspension, and V is 10
- the apparent volume after a minute (cm 2) is shown.
- the temporal change V / V of the apparent volume of the powder fluid is larger than 0.85, preferably larger than 0.9.
- V / V is 0.8 or less, the field using ordinary so-called particles
- the average particle diameter (d (0.5)) of the particulate matter constituting the powder fluid is preferably 0.1-20.
- the average particle size (d (0.5)) of the particulate matter constituting the powder fluid is the same as d (0.5) in the following particle size distribution Span.
- the particle material constituting the powder fluid preferably has a particle size distribution Span represented by the following formula of less than 5, more preferably less than 3.
- d (0.5) is a numerical value that expresses the particle diameter by zm that 50% of the particulate matter constituting the powder fluid is larger than 50% and smaller than 50%, and d (0.1) is less than this.
- d (0.1) is less than this.
- make up the powder fluid The value of the particle diameter at which the ratio of the particulate matter is 10% is expressed as / im, and d (0.9) is the particle diameter at which 90% of the particle material constituting the powder fluid below this is expressed as / m It is a numerical value.
- the above-described particle size distribution and particle size can be determined by a laser diffraction / scattering method or the like.
- a laser beam is applied to the powder fluid to be measured, a spatially diffracted Z-scattered light intensity distribution pattern is generated, and this light intensity pattern has a correspondence with the particle size.
- the particle size and the particle size distribution are obtained from a volume-based distribution. Specifically, using a Mastersizer2000 (Malvern Instruments Ltd.) measuring machine, charge the powder fluid into a nitrogen stream, and use the attached analysis software (software based on volume-based distribution using Mie theory) A measurement can be made.
- Powder fluid can be prepared by kneading necessary resin, charge control agent, colorant and other additives, or by polymerizing from monomers, by converting existing particles into resin, charge control agent, It may be coated with a coloring agent or other additives.
- resin, the charge control agent, the colorant, and other additives constituting the powder fluid will be exemplified.
- Examples of the resin include urethane resin, acrylic resin, polyester resin, urethane-modified acrylic resin, silicone resin, nylon resin, epoxy resin, styrene resin, butyral resin, vinylidene chloride resin, melamine resin, phenol resin, Fluororesin and the like can be used, and two or more kinds can be mixed.
- atalinole urethane resin, acryl urethane silicone resin, acryl urethane fluoro resin, urethane resin, and fluoro resin are preferable. It is.
- Examples of the charge control agent include, in the case of imparting a positive charge, a quaternary ammonium salt-based compound, a Nigguchi syn dye, a triphenylmethane-based compound, and an imidazole derivative.
- Examples thereof include metal-containing azo dyes, salicylic acid metal complexes, and nitroimidazole derivatives.
- Examples of the coloring agent include dyes such as basic and acidic dyes, and examples include Nigguchi Shin, methylene blue, quinoline yellow, and Rose Bengal.
- inorganic additives include titanium oxide, zinc white, zinc sulfide, antimony oxide, and charcoal.
- inorganic fine particles having an average particle diameter of 20 to 100 nm, preferably 20 to 80 nm, on the surface of the particle material constituting the powder fluid. Further, it is appropriate that the inorganic fine particles are treated with silicone oil.
- examples of the inorganic fine particles include silicon dioxide (silica), zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, cerium oxide, iron oxide, and copper oxide. The method of fixing the inorganic fine particles is important.
- a powder fluid showing an aerosol state can be produced.
- the stability of the resin constituting the powder fluid in particular, the water absorption and the solvent insolubility.
- the water absorption of the resin that constitutes the powder fluid sealed between the substrates is preferably 3% by weight or less, particularly preferably 2% by weight or less.
- the water absorption was measured according to ASTM-D570, and the measurement conditions were 23 ° C for 24 hours.
- the solvent insolubility of the resin constituting the powder fluid represented by the following relational expression is preferably 50% or more, particularly preferably 70% or more.
- the solvent insolubility is less than 50%, bleeding occurs on the surface of the particulate material constituting the powdery fluid during long-term storage, which affects the adhesive force with the powdery fluid and hinders the movement of the powdery fluid. The durability may be impaired.
- a solvent (good solvent) for measuring the solvent insolubility methyl ethyl ketone or the like is used for a fluororesin, and methanol is used for a polyamide resin.
- acrylic urethane resins methylethyl ketone and toluene are preferable, for melamine resins, acetone and isopropanol are preferable, and for silicone resins, toluene and the like are preferable.
- the particles constituting the particle group can contain a charge control agent, a coloring agent, an inorganic additive, and the like, if necessary, in the resin as the main component.
- a charge control agent e.g., a coloring agent, an inorganic additive, and the like.
- the following are examples of resins, charge control agents, coloring agents, and other additives.
- the resin examples include urethane resin, urea resin, acrylic resin, polyester resin, acrylic urethane resin, acrylic urethane silicone resin, acrylic urethane fluororesin, acrylic fluororesin, silicone resin, acrylic silicone resin, epoxy resin , Polystyrene resin, styrene acrylic resin, polyolefin resin, butyral resin, vinylidene chloride resin, melamine resin, phenol resin, fluorine resin, polycarbonate resin, polysulfone resin, polyether resin, polyamide resin, etc. You can do it.
- acrylic urethane resin, acrylic silicone resin, acrylic fluororesin, acrylic urethane silicone resin, acrylic urethane fluororesin, fluororesin, and silicone resin are preferable.
- the charge control agent is not particularly limited, and examples of the charge control agent include a salicylic acid metal complex, a metal-containing azo dye, and a metal-containing (including metal ion and metal atom) oil-soluble dye. And quaternary ammonium salt compounds, liquixallene compounds, boron-containing compounds (boron benzoate complexes), and nitroimidazole derivatives.
- examples of the positive charge control agent include a nig mouth dye, a triphenylmethane compound, a quaternary ammonium salt compound, a polyamine resin, and an imidazole derivative.
- metal oxides such as ultrafine silica, ultrafine titanium oxide and ultrafine alumina, nitrogen-containing cyclic compounds such as pyridine, derivatives and salts thereof, various organic pigments, resins containing fluorine, chlorine, nitrogen, etc. Can also be used as a charge control agent.
- colorant various organic or inorganic pigments and dyes as exemplified below can be used.
- Examples of the black colorant include carbon black, copper oxide, manganese dioxide, aniline black, and activated carbon.
- Examples of the blue colorant include CI Pigment Blue 15: 3, CI Pigment Blue 15, dark blue, cobalt blue, alkali blue lake, Victoria blue lake, phthalocyanine blue, metal-free phthalocyanine blue, and partially chlorinated phthalocyanine blue. , First Sky Blue, Indaslen Blue BC and others.
- red colorants include red iron, cadmium red, leadtan, mercury sulfide, cadmium, permanent red 4R, lithol red, pyrazolone red, watching red, calcium salt, lake red D, brilliant carmine 6B, eosin lake, and rhodamine. Lake B, Aliza Lin Lake, Brilliant Carmine 3B, CI Pigment Red 2, etc.
- yellow colorant examples include graphite, zinc yellow, cadmium yellow, yellow iron oxide, mineral yellow, nickel yellow titanium yellow, nev no yellow, naphthono yellow S, hanzi yellow G, hanzi yellow 10G, benzidine.
- green colorant examples include chromium green, chromium oxide, pigment green B, CI pigment green 7, malachite green lake, final yellow green G, and the like.
- orange colorants include red lead, molybdenum orange, permanent orange GTR, pyrazolone age range, nokulecan age range, induslen brilliant age range RK :, benzine gin orange G, and induslen brilliant orange GK :, CI there Pigment Orange 31 and the like force s.
- Examples of the purple colorant include manganese purple, first violet B, and methyl violet lake.
- white colorants include zinc white, titanium oxide, antimony white, and zinc sulfide.
- extenders examples include barite powder, barium carbonate, clay, silica, white carbon, talc, and alumina white.
- Various dyes such as basic, acidic, disperse and direct dyes include Nigguchi Shin, Methylene Blue, Rose Bengal, Quinoline Yellow and Ultramarine Blue.
- inorganic additives include titanium oxide, zinc white, zinc sulfide, antimony oxide, calcium carbonate, lead white, tanolek, silica, calcium silicate, alumina white, and cadmium. Yellow, cadmium red, cadmium orange, titanium yellow, navy blue, ultramarine, cobalt vinyl, cobalt green, cobalt violet, iron oxide, carbon black, manganese ferrite black, cobalt ferrite black, copper powder, aluminum powder and the like.
- pigments and inorganic additives can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- carbon black is particularly preferred as the black pigment
- titanium oxide is preferred as the white pigment.
- the particles used in the present invention have an average particle diameter d (0.5) force of 0.1 to 50 zm, and are preferably uniform. If the average particle diameter d (0.5) is larger than this range, the sharpness of the display will be poor, and if it is smaller than this range, the cohesion between the particles will be too large and the movement of the particles will be hindered.
- the particle size distribution Span represented by the following formula is set to less than 5, preferably less than 3.
- d (0.5) is a numerical value expressed by / im that 50% of the particles are larger and 50% is smaller than this, and d (0.1) is the ratio of particles smaller than 10%.
- the particle size is expressed in ⁇ m, and d (0.9) is the value in ⁇ ⁇ where 90% of the particles are 90% or less.
- the span is within the range of 5 or less, the size of each particle is uniform, and uniform particle movement is possible.
- the ratio of d (0.5) of the particle having the minimum diameter to d (0.5) of the particle having the maximum diameter is 50 or less, preferably 10 or less. It is important to do so. Even if the particle size distribution Span is reduced, particles with different charging characteristics move in opposite directions, so that particles with similar particle sizes can easily move in opposite directions by an equivalent amount. Is preferred, and this is within this range.
- the particle size distribution and the particle size described above can be determined by a laser diffraction / scattering method or the like.
- a laser beam is applied to the particles to be measured, a spatial light intensity distribution pattern of the diffracted Z scattered light is generated, and since this light intensity pattern has a correspondence with the particle size, the particle size and the particle size distribution can be measured.
- the particle size and the particle size distribution in the present invention are obtained from a volume-based distribution. Specifically, using a Mastersizer2000 (Malvern Instruments Ltd.) measuring instrument, the particles are injected into a nitrogen gas stream, and the attached analysis software (software based on a volume-based distribution using Mie theory) is used. Measurement of particle size and particle size distribution can be performed.
- the charge amount of the particles naturally depends on the measurement conditions, the charge amount of the particles in the image display panel is almost the same as the initial charge amount, the contact with the partition, the contact with the substrate, and the charge associated with the elapsed time. It turned out that it depends on the decay, and in particular, the saturation value of the charging behavior of the particles is the dominant factor.
- the present inventors have determined that by using the same carrier particles in the blow-off method, the charge amount of each particle is measured, and the appropriate charge characteristics of the particles used as an image display medium are measured. It has been found that the range of values can be evaluated.
- the volume occupancy of the image display medium (particle group or powder fluid) is 5 to 70 vol% of the gap between the opposing substrates, It is preferable to adjust so as to be preferably 5 to 60 vol%, more preferably 5 to 55 vol%. If the volume occupancy of the image display medium (particles or powder fluid) is less than 5 vol%, clear image display cannot be performed, and if it is more than 70 vol%, the image display medium (particles or powder fluid) becomes difficult to move. .
- the space volume is a volume that can be filled with a so-called image display medium (particle group or powder fluid) excluding a portion sandwiched between the opposing substrates 1 and 2, excluding a portion occupied by the partition wall 4 and a device sealing portion.
- image display medium particle group or powder fluid
- the shape of the partition wall 4 of the present invention is appropriately set optimally according to the size of the image display medium involved in display, and is not particularly limited, but the width of the partition wall is 10 to 1000 zm, preferably 10 500 m, and the height of the partition wall is Is adjusted to 10— ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , preferably to 10 200 m.
- a two-rib method in which ribs are formed on each of the opposing substrates and then bonding, and a one-rib method in which the ribs are formed only on one substrate are conceivable. Ming is applicable to both.
- the display cells formed by the rib-containing partitions are, for example, square, triangular, linear, circular, or hexagonal as viewed from the plane of the substrate as shown in FIG. Is exemplified by a lattice shape, a honeycomb shape or a mesh shape.
- examples of the method for forming the partition include a screen printing method, a sand blast method, a photolithography method, and an additive method.
- FIG. 7 is a view for explaining an example of the substrate superposing apparatus of the present invention.
- the substrate superposing apparatus 31 includes an upper substrate stage 33 for fixing the upper substrate 32, a lower substrate stage 35 for fixing the lower substrate 34, and an alignment for moving the lower substrate stage 35 in the vertical direction.
- a stage drive unit 36, a stage vertical drive unit 37 for moving the lower substrate stage 35 up and down, and an alignment mark reading unit 38 provided on the lower substrate stage 35 are provided.
- the transparent facing substrate 2 on which the partition walls are formed and filled with the image display medium is used as the lower substrate 34, and the light transmission without the image display medium is filled.
- the alignment mark reading unit 38 provided on the lower substrate stage 35 provides The alignment mark on rear substrate 1 can be read through 2. Therefore, even if the rear substrate 1 has a low light transmittance, the two substrates can be laminated with high accuracy and without unevenness.
- the image display device of the present invention is a display unit of a mopile device such as a notebook computer, a PDA, a mobile phone, a handy terminal, an electronic book such as an electronic book or an electronic newspaper, a signboard, a booster, a bulletin board such as a blackboard, and a calculator. It is suitable for use in display units of home appliances, automotive supplies, etc., card display units of point cards, IC cards, etc., electronic advertisements, electronic POP, electronic price tags, electronic music scores, display units of RF-ID devices, etc. .
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/558,256 US20070052666A1 (en) | 2003-05-22 | 2004-05-20 | Image display device and substrate stacking apparatus used for manufacturing the same |
JP2005506349A JPWO2004104684A1 (ja) | 2003-05-22 | 2004-05-20 | 画像表示装置及びその製造に用いる基板重ね合わせ装置 |
EP04734092A EP1626307A4 (en) | 2003-05-22 | 2004-05-20 | PICTURE DISPLAY AND SUBSTRATE CONNECTING DEVICE USED FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003145177 | 2003-05-22 | ||
JP2003-145177 | 2003-05-22 | ||
JP2004110997 | 2004-04-05 | ||
JP2004-110997 | 2004-04-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004104684A1 true WO2004104684A1 (ja) | 2004-12-02 |
Family
ID=33478975
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/006837 WO2004104684A1 (ja) | 2003-05-22 | 2004-05-20 | 画像表示装置及びその製造に用いる基板重ね合わせ装置 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070052666A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1626307A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2004104684A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004104684A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006128820A1 (de) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-12-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Elektrochromes display |
JP2012133302A (ja) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-07-12 | Samsung Mobile Display Co Ltd | 表示装置及び有機発光表示装置 |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7821700B2 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2010-10-26 | Mark W Miles | Dynamic motile medium |
US9970100B2 (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2018-05-15 | The Boeing Company | Interlayer composite substrates |
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JPS60150508A (ja) * | 1984-01-18 | 1985-08-08 | 日本写真印刷株式会社 | 透明電極基板の製造方法 |
JPH0136224Y2 (ja) * | 1982-04-30 | 1989-11-02 | ||
JPH11265006A (ja) * | 1997-05-14 | 1999-09-28 | Affinity Kk | 積層体およびそれを使用した窓 |
JP2002040465A (ja) * | 2000-07-31 | 2002-02-06 | Seiko Epson Corp | 液晶装置および電子機器 |
JP2002202531A (ja) * | 2000-12-28 | 2002-07-19 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 画像表示媒体および画像形成装置 |
JP2003091024A (ja) * | 2001-09-19 | 2003-03-28 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 電気泳動材料、およびそれを用いた光学素子 |
JP2003140202A (ja) * | 2001-11-05 | 2003-05-14 | Seiko Epson Corp | 電気泳動装置、電気泳動装置の製造方法、電子機器、マイクロカプセル、マイクロカプセルの製造方法 |
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US6312304B1 (en) * | 1998-12-15 | 2001-11-06 | E Ink Corporation | Assembly of microencapsulated electronic displays |
WO2001011424A1 (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2001-02-15 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Electrophoretic display |
US6791648B2 (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2004-09-14 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Liquid crystal device, projection display device and, manufacturing method for substrate for liquid crystal device |
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2004
- 2004-05-20 WO PCT/JP2004/006837 patent/WO2004104684A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-05-20 JP JP2005506349A patent/JPWO2004104684A1/ja active Pending
- 2004-05-20 EP EP04734092A patent/EP1626307A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-05-20 US US10/558,256 patent/US20070052666A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
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JPH0136224Y2 (ja) * | 1982-04-30 | 1989-11-02 | ||
JPS60150508A (ja) * | 1984-01-18 | 1985-08-08 | 日本写真印刷株式会社 | 透明電極基板の製造方法 |
JPH11265006A (ja) * | 1997-05-14 | 1999-09-28 | Affinity Kk | 積層体およびそれを使用した窓 |
JP2002040465A (ja) * | 2000-07-31 | 2002-02-06 | Seiko Epson Corp | 液晶装置および電子機器 |
JP2002202531A (ja) * | 2000-12-28 | 2002-07-19 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 画像表示媒体および画像形成装置 |
JP2003091024A (ja) * | 2001-09-19 | 2003-03-28 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 電気泳動材料、およびそれを用いた光学素子 |
JP2003140202A (ja) * | 2001-11-05 | 2003-05-14 | Seiko Epson Corp | 電気泳動装置、電気泳動装置の製造方法、電子機器、マイクロカプセル、マイクロカプセルの製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006128820A1 (de) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-12-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Elektrochromes display |
JP2012133302A (ja) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-07-12 | Samsung Mobile Display Co Ltd | 表示装置及び有機発光表示装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1626307A1 (en) | 2006-02-15 |
US20070052666A1 (en) | 2007-03-08 |
JPWO2004104684A1 (ja) | 2006-07-20 |
EP1626307A4 (en) | 2008-09-03 |
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