WO2004100894A2 - Formulations de medicament presentant un potentiel d'abus reduit - Google Patents

Formulations de medicament presentant un potentiel d'abus reduit Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2004100894A2
WO2004100894A2 PCT/US2004/014709 US2004014709W WO2004100894A2 WO 2004100894 A2 WO2004100894 A2 WO 2004100894A2 US 2004014709 W US2004014709 W US 2004014709W WO 2004100894 A2 WO2004100894 A2 WO 2004100894A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dosage form
form according
group
coating
cellulose
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2004/014709
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2004100894A3 (fr
Inventor
Rong-Kun Chang
Original Assignee
Shire Laboratories, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shire Laboratories, Inc. filed Critical Shire Laboratories, Inc.
Priority to ES04751878.2T priority Critical patent/ES2463421T3/es
Priority to EP04751878.2A priority patent/EP1624860B1/fr
Priority to CA2525111A priority patent/CA2525111C/fr
Priority to JP2006532952A priority patent/JP4779082B2/ja
Publication of WO2004100894A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004100894A2/fr
Publication of WO2004100894A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004100894A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
    • A61K9/2886—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating having two or more different drug-free coatings; Tablets of the type inert core-drug layer-inactive layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/13—Amines
    • A61K31/135—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
    • A61K31/137—Arylalkylamines, e.g. amphetamine, epinephrine, salbutamol, ephedrine or methadone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
    • A61K31/485—Morphinan derivatives, e.g. morphine, codeine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
    • A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
    • A61K31/5513—1,4-Benzodiazepines, e.g. diazepam or clozapine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/22—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. ascorbic acid, tocopherol or pyrrolidones
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyesters, polyamino acids, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, copolymers of polyalkylene glycol or poloxamers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2013—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2013—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
    • A61K9/2018—Sugars, or sugar alcohols, e.g. lactose, mannitol; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
    • A61K9/2806—Coating materials
    • A61K9/2833—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/2853—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, poloxamers, poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5073—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings
    • A61K9/5078—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings with drug-free core
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
    • A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
    • A61K9/703—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
    • A61K9/7038—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer
    • A61K9/7046—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer the adhesive comprising macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/7053—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer the adhesive comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl, polyisobutylene, polystyrene
    • A61K9/7061—Polyacrylates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
    • A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
    • A61K9/703—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
    • A61K9/7038—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer
    • A61K9/7046—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer the adhesive comprising macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/7069—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer the adhesive comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polysiloxane, polyesters, polyurethane, polyethylene oxide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
    • A61K9/2806—Coating materials
    • A61K9/2833—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/284—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone
    • A61K9/2846—Poly(meth)acrylates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5084—Mixtures of one or more drugs in different galenical forms, at least one of which being granules, microcapsules or (coated) microparticles according to A61K9/16 or A61K9/50, e.g. for obtaining a specific release pattern or for combining different drugs

Definitions

  • This invention relates to dosage forms of prescription psychoactive drug formulations having a reduced potential for abuse and to methods of reducing the potential for abuse of dosage forms of prescription psychoactive drugs.
  • Prescription psychoactive drugs can help patients manage chronic or severe pain, restore emotional or behavioral balance, control sleep disorders, or fight obesity. When such prescription medications are abused, however, the consequences, including addiction, can be dangerous, even deadly.
  • the risks associated with abuse of three classes of commonly abused prescription drugs, i.e., opioids; central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including sedatives and tranquilizers; and stimulants, are well documented.
  • Opioids include morphine, codeine, and related drugs such as oxycodone (Percodan and OxyContin) , hydrocodone (Vicodin) , and eperidine (De erol) and are commonly prescribed to relieve pain.
  • opioids can be used to manage pain effectively without untoward side effects. Chronic use of opioids can result in tolerance, which means that users must take higher doses to achieve the same effects. Long-term use also can lead to physical dependence and addiction. Withdrawal can occur when an individual discontinues use of the drugs. Withdrawal symptoms can include restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes with goose bumps, and involuntary leg movements. Individuals who are addicted to opioids are more likely to overdose on the drugs, which could be fatal.
  • CNS depressants are barbiturates, such as mephobarbital (Mebaral) and pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal) , which are prescribed to treat anxiety, tension, and sleep disorders; and benzodiazepines, such as diazepa (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax) , which typically are prescribed to treat anxiety, acute stress reactions, and panic attacks. Other benzodiazepines, such as triazolam (Halcion) and estazolam (ProSom) , are prescribed for short-term treatment of sleep disorders.
  • the various classes of CNS depressants work differently, they all produce a beneficial drowsy or calming effect in individuals suffering from sleep disorders or anxiety.
  • Stimulants increase heart rate, blood pressure and metabolism, provide feelings of exhilaration and energy, and increase mental alertness. Stimulants such as methylphenidate
  • DEA Drug Enforcement Agency
  • Suitable dosage forms of psychoactive drugs for medical use are available or possible. These include capsules, tablets, transdermal patches and liquid suspensions.
  • methylphenidate (Ritalin) is available in oral, tablet and extended-release tablet dosage forms.
  • Dextroamphetamine is available in oral, tablet and extended-release tablet dosage forms.
  • Methylphenidate, amphetamine, fentanyl, 3-methyl fentanyl, morphine, etorphine, etc. can be incorporated into transdermal patches.
  • a fentanyl patch (Duragesic) is already in the marketplace and a methylphenidate patch (Methypatch) is under FDA review.
  • Liquid suspensions of drugs in immediate release and sustained' release forms are also possible.
  • a sustained release system can be formulated by using drug ion-exchange complex particles with a further coating of ethyl cellulose.
  • the ion-exchange technology makes reliable liquid controlled-release possible for many ionic drugs, which include amphetamine, methylphenidate, hydrocodone, codeine, morphine, and the like.
  • sustained release dosage forms are abused by crushing or chewing and then swallowing or snorting or by mixing or dissolving in water or the like and then injecting.
  • Transdermal patches can be chewed to provide a quick onset via buccal, sublingual, or oral absorption of the controlled substances.
  • a significant drug residue after normal administration of the patches is quite common. Such residue can be extracted and concentrated for abuse. Liquid suspensions can be similarly concentrated and abused.
  • dosage forms of psychoactive drugs which have reduced abuse potential are provided by adding one or more of the following to the dosage forms :
  • fine insoluble particulate matter which does not adversely affect the human body when a dosage form of the drug is properly administered, but which hinders extraction of the drug from the dosage form and can deter intravenous injection because of the presence of the insoluble particles or hinder injection by blocking the intravenous needle.
  • the psychoactive drug (i.e., a drug that affects the central nervous system) of the dosage form of the present invention is not particularly limited insofar as the drug is approved for medical use in dosage form and has a potential for abuse.
  • the drug includes opioids, central nerve system (CNS) depressants and stimulants such as, for example, drugs sold commercially under the trademarks Adderall XR, Matadate CD, Kadian, Oramorph SR, MS Contin, Oxycontin and the like. [ 0013]
  • the malodorous agent and/or indicator dye to be incorporated into the dosage forms of the present invention is used in a form which does not exhibit its deterrent effect when a dosage form of the drug is properly administered, but exhibits a deterrent effect when the dosage form is chewed, crushed or chemically extracted for nasal (snorting), inhalation (smoking), oral, buccal or sublingual administration.
  • the malodorous agent and/or indicator dye can be incorporated into granules, beads, or mini-tablets which can be subsequently coated with a suitable barrier coating to prevent against leakage of the malodorous agent and indicator dye and to minimize or prevent absorption of the malodorous agent and indicator dye under normal dosage administration conditions.
  • granules/beads/mini-tablets can be encapsulated or compressed with the drug of interest or can be used as coating substrates for drug layering and further enteric/sustained-release coatings .
  • the sizes of the granules, beads and mini-tablets is not limited as long as the granules can be incorporated into the dosage forms of the invention.
  • the granules and beads have a size of 50 ⁇ m to 4000 ⁇ m.
  • the mini-tablets have a size which is typically significantly smaller than common tablets (>5/32 inch diameter) .
  • the granules, beads or mini- tablets are preferably of the same size to make it difficult for the respective beads to be distinguished and separated.
  • the malodorous agent and/or indicator dye can be incorporated directly into a drug formulation and the resultant formulation incorporated into granules, beads, or mini-tablets. Subsequently, a barrier coating is applied to ensure against leakage of the malodorous agent and indicator dye under normal dosage administration conditions. The resultant coated granules, beads or mini-tablets of the drug formulation are thereafter encapsulated or compressed into tablets.
  • the malodorous agent and/or indicator dye can be used in the form of the above-described granules, beads, or mini-tablets coated with a suitable barrier coating.
  • the malodorous agent can also be added directly to the transdermal drug formulation.
  • the malodorous agent useful in the present invention includes any pharmaceutically acceptable substance or substances that create a deadly odor or side effect when administered nasally (snorted), by inhalation (smoking), orally, bucally or sublingually.
  • Such agents include, but are not limited to, valerian herb crude extract, isovaleric acid, betaine, anisole, garlic oil, garlic crude extract, fish oil, skatole, methylarginine, taurine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, 3-methyl 2-hexanoic acid, and the like.
  • the preferred agents are isovaleric acid and skatole. Isovaleric acid occurs in hop oil, tobacco, valerian herb, and several other plants.
  • Isovaleric acid has a disagreeable, rancid-cheese odor.
  • Skatole is white to brownish scales with a strong fecal odor.
  • a product contains skatole or isovaleric acid, it has such an intensely nasty odor it is extremely difficult for a person to inhale or snort it.
  • the agent having a nasty odor is used in an amount of from 0.10 to 20% by weight and, preferably, 1.0 to 10% by weight and, most preferably, 1.0 to 5.0% by weight based on the weight of a dosage form of the pharmaceutical formulation into which the agent is incorporated.
  • the agent ' can be one or more of the above-noted substances.
  • the malodorous aversion agent in non- releasable form is preferred, because the aversion agent is not released from an intact unit (e.g., heavily coated mini-tablets or pellets containing the aversion agent) , has no pharmacological effect, and has no impact on the release profile of the active ingredient.
  • the aversion agent can be incorporated into a dosage form with the active ingredient as a releasable form of the aversion agent, which can have similar release patterns, such as delayed-release and sustained release, to the drug.
  • the indicator dye useful in the invention includes any dye that is pharmaceutically acceptable and that is capable of providing an intense, bright color on the nose, mouth and hands after a pharmaceutical formulation containing the dye is crushed or dissolved.
  • the bright color also can have a psychologically deterrent effect on intravenous abusers.
  • Such dyes include, but are not limited to allura red, amaranth, brilliant blue, canthaxanthin, carmine, carmoisine, carotene, curcumin, erythrosine, green S, indigo carmine, iron oxide black, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, patent blue, phloxine 0, ponceau 4R, quinoline yellow, riboflavin, sunset yellow, tartrazine, titanium dioxide, vegetable carbon black, and other natural colors such as annatto, beet, black carrot, black currant, caramel, carmine, carmine lake, chlorophyll, cochineal, elderberry, grapeskin/grape juice, malt, paprika, red cabbage, turmeric, and anthocyanins .
  • Riboflavin is a preferred indicator because it can also be used as a tracing agent for easy urine detection of drug abusers.
  • the amount of the dye indicator used in the dosage form of the pharmaceutical formulation will vary with the particular dye used but, typically, the dye indicator is used in an amount of 0.01 to 20% by weight and, preferably, 0.1 to 10% by weight, and, most preferably, 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the weight of a dosage form of the pharmaceutical formulation.
  • the granules, beads, mini-tablets and tablets of the malodorous agent and/or dye indicator and of the drug formulations containing the malodorous agent and/or dye indicator can be made by various known pharmaceutical processes, such as roller compacting, and solution/slurry/powder layering in a fluid bed or other appropriate coating equipment, and compressing in a tablet press.
  • core seeds such as non-pareil seeds are coated with a layer of the malodorous agent and/or dye indicator and a barrier coating is applied to the layered core seeds.
  • the barrier coating applied to the granules, beads or mini- tablets containing the malodorous agent and/or dye indicator or to granules, beads, mini-tablets or tablets of drug formulations containing the malodorous agent and/or dye indicator to minimize or prevent leakage of the agent and dye and to minimize absorption of the agent and dye under normal conditions of dosage administration can be a protective coating, enteric coating or sustained release coating or various combinations of these coatings.
  • granules, beads or mini-tablets containing the malodorous agent and/or dye indicator and not containing the drug are coated with a non- dissolving pharmaceutically acceptable polymer coating which does not dissolve or release under conditions existing in the GI tract.
  • the malodorous agent and/or dye indicator is not released in the human body when properly administered and is released only when a drug formulation including the granules, beads or mini-tablets coated with the non-dissolving coating is crushed for non-prescribed purposes.
  • the barrier coating may be applied by conventional coating techniques such as pan coating or fluid bed coating using solutions of polymers in water or suitable organic solvents or by using aqueous polymer dispersions.
  • Materials useful as a protective coating include, for example, cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer, and pH dependent cationic polymers soluble in gastric fluid up to pH 5.0 such as those sold under the trademarks EUDRAGIT E 100 and EUDRAGIT EPO.
  • the suggested coating levels are from 1 to 6%, preferably 2-4% (w/w) .
  • the enteric coating layer can be any pH-sensitive polymer, which dissolves at a pH greater than 4.5, after a certain delayed time, or after the coated unit passes through the stomach.
  • the preferred delay time is in the range of two to six hours.
  • Suitable enteric polymers include cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate trimellitate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, polyvinyl acetate phthalate, carboxymethylethylcellulose, and co-polymerized methacrylic acid/ ethacrylic acid methyl esters such as, for instance, materials sold under the trademarks EUDRAGIT L100, EUDRAGIT L100-55, EUDRAGIT L 30 D-55 or EUDRAGIT S100 or similar compounds used to obtain enteric coatings.
  • the suggested coating levels are from 1 to 6%, preferably 2-4% (w/w) .
  • the enteric polymers can be modified by mixing with other known coating products that are not pH sensitive to provide sustained controlled release.
  • coating products include the neutral methacrylic acid esters with a small portion of trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride, sold currently under the trademarks EUDRAGIT RL 30 D, EUDRAGIT RL PO, EUDRAGIT RL 100, EUDRAGIT RS 30 D and other pH independent coating products .
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable coating that does not dissolve in the GI tract includes cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, ethyl cellulose, poly (ethyl acrylate) , poly (methyl methacrylate), and poly (trimethylammonioethylmethacrylate chloride).
  • Suitable coating levels are those that prevent premature leakage of the malodorous/coloring (dye) agent and depend on the coating used. Coating levels range, for example, from 1 to 60% (w/w) .
  • An overcoating layer can further optionally be applied to the composition of the present invention.
  • OPADRY®, OPADRY II® (sold by Colorcon) and corresponding color and colorless grades from Colorcon can be used to protect the pellets from being tacky and to provide color to the product.
  • Kollicoat IR can be used as an overcoating layer.
  • the suggested levels of protective or color coating are from 1 to 6%, preferably 2-3% (w/w) . [ 0029 ]
  • insoluble particulate matter is used in the pharmaceutical formulations to hinder drug abusers from extracting the drug from the dosage units, to deter drug abusers, because of the insoluble particulate matters, from injecting the formulations intravenously, and to hinder the injection because of needle blocking.
  • Suitable fine solid particulate materials include, but are not limited to, Noveon® AA-1 polycarbophil, Ethocel® FP, methacrylic acid copolymer (e.g., Eudragit® L100-55, Eudragit® S100) , microcrystalline cellulose (e.g., Avicel® PH 102), sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, talcum, and silicon dioxide.
  • the size of the particles is selected such that the particles are easily suspended in the extraction media to hinder the extraction and block a needle while injecting.
  • the usual particle size is from 1 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m and, preferably, from 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the insoluble, fine particles can be included in the coated granules, beads or mini-tablets of the malodorous agent and/or dye indicator or with granules, beads, mini-tablets or tablets containing the drug of interest in combination with the malodorous agent and/or dye indicator as described above.
  • the insoluble, fine particles can be encapsulated or compressed with the coated granules, beads or mini-tablets or drug of interest.
  • the water-insoluble agent is used in an amount of from 5 to 80% by weight and, preferably, from 5 to 40% by weight, and, most preferable, from 5 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of a dosage form of the pharmaceutical formulation into which the agent is incorporated. [0032] [EXAMPLES]
  • Example 1 The following formulation is used to layer the agent with a disagreeable odor (skatole) onto sugar spheres.
  • Nonpareil seeds (30/35 mesh, Paulaur Corp., NJ) , 6.8 kg are put into a FLM-15 fluid bed processor with a 9" Wurster column and fluidized at 60 °C.
  • the coating system containing skatole and HPMC E5 Premium (Dow Chemical) as a binder is sprayed onto the seed under suitable conditions. Almost no agglomeration and no fines are observed with a yield of at least 98%.
  • a barrier coat is applied onto the skatole-loaded beads to ensure no leakage of skatole and to prevent the absorption of the agent in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • the following formulation is used to coat the beads from Example 1 with Eudragit E100 and subsequently with Eudragit FS30D.
  • 2 kg of beads (contain skatole) are loaded into a fluid bed processor with a Wurster column equipped with a precision coater (MP 2/3, Niro Inc.).
  • the Eudragit ElOO spray suspension is prepared by dispersing Talc and dissolving the Eudragit ElOO in the organic solvent system (acetone: isopropyl alcohol 50:50). Under suitable fluidization conditions, the coating system is sprayed onto the fluidized pellets. Subsequently, the coating dispersion is prepared by dispersing Triethyl citrate, Talc and EUDRAGIT FS30D into water and mixing for at least 30 minutes.
  • the coating dispersion is sprayed onto the fluidized Eudragit ElOO coated pellets.
  • the spraying is continued until the targeted coating level is achieved (20 microns) .
  • the coated pellets are dried at 30-35 °C for 5 minutes before stopping the process.
  • Talc is added to the Eudragit FS30D coated beads to prevent the agglomeration of the beads.
  • the enteric-coated pellets are tested in acidic medium and no leakage of skatole is observed.
  • the beads from this example can be encapsulated with sustained- release beads or immediate-release beads. Also, the beads from the Example 2 may be compressed with sustained-release or immediate-release matrix tablet formulation to reduce the abuse potential.
  • Nonpareil seeds (30/35 mesh, Paulaur Corp., NJ) , 6.8 kg are put into a FLM-15 fluid bed processor with a 9" Wurster column and fluidized at 60 °C.
  • the suspension of mixed amphetamine salts (MAS) with 1% HPMC E5 Premium (Dow Chemical), and skatole is sprayed onto the seed under suitable conditions. Almost no agglomeration and no fines are observed with a yield of at least 98%.
  • the drug-loaded cores are used for the enteric coatings and sustained release coatings.
  • the following formulation is used to coat the mixed amphetamine salts loaded pellets from Example 3 with the EUDRAGIT. RTM. L 30D-55 (Rohm Pharma, Germany) coating dispersion.
  • 2 kg of MASL pellets are loaded into a fluid bed processor with a reduced Wurster column equipped with a precision coater (MP 2/3, Niro Inc.).
  • the coating dispersion is prepared by dispersing triethyl citrate, talc and EUDRAGIT L 30D-55 into water and mixing for at least 30 minutes. Under suitable fluidization conditions, the coating dispersion is sprayed onto the fluidized MASL pellets. The spraying is continued until the targeted coating level is achieved (20 microns) .
  • the coated pellets are dried at 30-35°C for 5 minutes before stopping the process.
  • the pellets are further blended with Talc to prevent the agglomeration during the storage.
  • the enteric coated amphetamine pellets are tested at different pH buffers by a USP paddle method.
  • the drug content is analyzed using HPLC. The results show that the enteric coating delays the drug release from the coated pellets until after exposure to pH 6 or higher.
  • Example 5 The following formulation is used to coat the amphetamine pellets from Example 3 with the EUDRAGIT. FS30D (Rohm Pharma, Germany) coating dispersion.
  • the amphetamine pellets (2 kg ) are loaded in a fluid bed processor with a reduced Wurster column (GPGC-15, Glatt) .
  • the coating dispersion is prepared by dispersing triethyl citrate, talc and EUDRAGIT. FS30D into water and mixing for at least 30 minutes. Under suitable fluidization conditions, the coating dispersion is sprayed onto the fluidized amphetamine pellets. The spraying is continued until the targeted coating level is achieved.
  • the coated pellets are dried at 30-35 °C for 5 minutes before stopping the process.
  • the enteric-coated amphetamine pellets are tested using a USP paddle method at different pH buffers. The drug content is analyzed using HPLC. The enteric coating delays the drug release for several hours from the coated pellets until the pH value reached 6.8 or higher.
  • Example 6 The following formulation is selected to coat the enteric coated amphetamine pellets.
  • Coated amphetamine pellets from Example 4 or coated amphetamine pellets from Example 5 (2 kg of either) are loaded into a fluid bed processor with a reduced Wurster column (GPGC- 1 5, Glatt) .
  • the coating dispersion is prepared by mixing SURELEASE (Colorcon) and water for at least 15 minutes prior to spraying. Under suitable fluidization conditions, the coating dispersion is sprayed onto the fluidized pellets. The spraying is continued until the targeted coating level is achieved.
  • the coated pellets are coated with a thin layer of OPADRY white (Colorcon) (2%) to prevent the tackiness of the coated pellets during storage.
  • OPADRY white Colorcon
  • the coated pellets are then dried at 35-40 °C for 10 minutes before discharging from the bed.
  • the drug dissolution from both coated pellets is performed using a USP paddle method at different pH buffers.
  • the drug content is analyzed using HPLC.
  • the 12% SURELEASE. coating sustains the drug release from both EUDRAGIT L 30D-55 and Eudragit FS30D coated pellets at pH 7.5 buffer, while the Eudragit coating delays the drug release up to 2 hours after the buffer is switched from pH 1 to pH 7.5.
  • Nonpareil seeds (30/35 mesh, Paulaur Corp., NJ) , 6.8 kg are put into a FLM-15 fluid bed processor with a 9" Wurster column and fluidized at 60 °C.
  • the suspension of drug with abuse potential with 1% HPMC E5 Premium (Dow Chemical) as a binder is sprayed onto the seed under suitable conditions. Almost no agglomeration and no fines are observed with a yield of at least 98%.
  • the drug-loaded cores are optionally used to prepare enteric coatings and/or sustained release coatings similar to Examples 4, 5 and 6.
  • the immediate-release beads obtained from Example 7, the delayed-release beads (beads from Example 7 further coated with enteric material) , the sustained- release beads (beads from Example 7 further coated with sustained-release material) , and any combination of beads can be encapsulated with beads from Example 2 to reduce the abuse potential.
  • Example 8 Tablet formulation of a high potency compound
  • the following is a sustained-release formulation containing both morphine sulfate and oxycodone . All the ingredients are blended in a V-shaped blender for 10 minutes and subsequently blended for additional 10 minutes with the intensifier bar on. The powder blend is lubricated with magnesium stearate for 3 minutes. The lubricated powder blend is compressed into tablets .
  • the following formulation is used to coat the core tablet from Example 8 for odor masking purpose.
  • the coating solution is prepared by dissolving the Eudragit ElOO in a solvent system (acetone : isopropyl alcohol 50:50). The coating process is carried out in a side-vented coating pan.
  • Example 8 Similar procedure to Example 8 is used for this sustained- release formulation example. Blend first five ingredients in a V-Blender for 10 minutes and subsequently blend for additional 10 minutes with the intensifier bar on. Add magnesium stearate to mix and blend for additional 2 minutes. Press tablets on a convention or other rotary tablet press to give 75 to 500 mg tablets, depending on desired dose (e.g., 15 mg, 30 mg, 60 mg, and 100 mg strength) . The core tablets produced are coated with Eudragit ElOO (see Example 9) for odor masking purposes.
  • the following formulation is used to layer the malodorous agent (isovaleric acid) and the indicator dye (tartrazine) onto sugar spheres.
  • Nonpareil seeds (30/35 mesh, Paulaur Corp., NJ) , 6.8 kg are put into a Glatt GPCG-15 fluid bed processor with a 9" Wurster column and fluidized at 60°C.
  • the coating system containing denatonium saccharide, tartrazine, and HPMC E5 Premium (Dow Chemical) as a binder is sprayed onto the seed under suitable conditions. Almost no agglomeration and no fines are observed with a yield of at least 98%.
  • the following formulation is used to coat the beads from Example 11 with cellulose acetate as a barrier coat to ensure against leakage of the malodorous agent and tartrazine dye and to minimize the absorption of these agents in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • 3.6 kg of the beads are loaded into a fluid bed processor with a Wurster column equipped with an HS nozzle (GPCG-15, Glatt Air Techniques) .
  • Cellulose acetate and triethyl citrate are dissolved in an organic solvent system (acetone: isopropyl alcohol 80:20) . Under suitable fluidization conditions, the coating system is sprayed onto the fluidized pellets.
  • the beads from this example can be encapsulated with sustained-release beads, immediate-release beads, delayed-release beads, or the combination of any of these types of beads. Also, the beads can be compressed with a sustained-release or immediate-release matrix tablet formulation to reduce the abuse potential.
  • Insoluble fine particles can be added to the formulations of Examples 1, 3, 7 and 8 to obtain beads containing a malodorous agent, dye indicator and insoluble fine particles or drug loaded beads containing active pharmaceutical ingredient
  • the insoluble fine particles can be encapsulated or compressed with coated granules, beads or mini-tablets or drugs of interest.
  • a methylphenidate-polymer mixture is prepared by combining 20 parts of methylphenidate, 1 part of skatole, 1 part of tartrazine, 1.3 part of lecithin, 1 part of dipropylene glycol, 0.8 part of oleic acid, 2.5 parts of polydimethylsiloxane, 63.6 parts of polyacrylate, and > 85.6 parts Pf polysiloxane, and mixed well in an appropriate container.
  • Methylphenidate is added as a solution in ethyl acetate mixed together with the polyacrylate.
  • the resulting composition has the ingredient concentrations on a dry basis, after removal of volatile process solvents, which is shown in Table 13.
  • the formulation is then transferred to a coating operation where it is coated onto a protective release liner at a controlled specified thickness.
  • the coated product is then passed through an oven in order to drive off all volatile processing solvents.
  • the dried product on the release liner is then joined to the backing material and wound into rolls. Appropriate size and shape dosage units are die-cut from the roll material and then pouched.
  • the present invention provides a combination of three effective approaches to reduce the abuse potential for dosage forms of psychoactive drugs.
  • Malodorous agents, dye indicators and/or fine particulate matter are added to dosage forms of prescription psychoactive drug formulations to reduce the abuse potential of the drug formulations.
  • the malodorous agents and dye indicators may be incorporated into deterrent beads having a barrier coating.
  • the beads can be fabricated separately from the manufacturing of the pharmaceutical dosage form of reduced abuse potential.
  • Such "universal" deterrent beads can shorten product development time and minimize the impact of the malodorous agents/dye indicators on product performance.
  • the deterrent beads can also be formulated so that the malodorous agents/dye indicators are not released under normal administration conditions to minimize possible adverse effects from these agents.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Addiction (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Psychiatry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des formulations de médicament présentant un potentiel d'abus réduit. Ces formulations contiennent au moins un agent (1) présentant une odeur nauséabonde, un colorant de découragement/indication de couleur vivie et une matière particulaire fine insoluble (3). L'agent nauséabond et le colorant se présentent sous une forme qui n'affecte pas une administration correcte du médicament, mais l'agent nauséabond crée une odeur malodorante, lorsque la forme dosifiée est écrasée ou chimiquement extraite et administrée par voie nasale, par inhalation, par voie orale, buccale ou sublinguale, et le colorant produit une couleur vive, lorsqu'il est écrasé ou touché. La matière particulaire fine insoluble empêche une extraction de ce médicament à partir de la forme dosifiée et, une fois écrasé, peut empêcher une injection intraveineuse à cause de la présence de particules insolubles ou peut empêcher une injection par bloquage de l'aiguille intraveineuse. La couleur vive du colorant une fois extraite, présente également un effet d'aversion psychologique pour les gens qui voudraient l'utiliser en intraveineuse.
PCT/US2004/014709 2003-05-12 2004-05-12 Formulations de medicament presentant un potentiel d'abus reduit WO2004100894A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES04751878.2T ES2463421T3 (es) 2003-05-12 2004-05-12 Formulaciones de fármaco que tienen potencial adictivo reducido
EP04751878.2A EP1624860B1 (fr) 2003-05-12 2004-05-12 Formulations de medicament presentant un potentiel d'abus reduit
CA2525111A CA2525111C (fr) 2003-05-12 2004-05-12 Formulations de medicament presentant un potentiel d'abus reduit
JP2006532952A JP4779082B2 (ja) 2003-05-12 2004-05-12 減少された乱用潜在性を有する薬物製剤

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/435,597 US8906413B2 (en) 2003-05-12 2003-05-12 Drug formulations having reduced abuse potential
US10/435,597 2003-05-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004100894A2 true WO2004100894A2 (fr) 2004-11-25
WO2004100894A3 WO2004100894A3 (fr) 2005-01-27

Family

ID=33416977

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2004/014709 WO2004100894A2 (fr) 2003-05-12 2004-05-12 Formulations de medicament presentant un potentiel d'abus reduit

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US8906413B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP2494961A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4779082B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2525111C (fr)
ES (1) ES2463421T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004100894A2 (fr)

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006125819A2 (fr) * 2005-05-24 2006-11-30 Flamel Technologies Forme medicamenteuse orale, microparticulaire, anti-mesusage
US8114383B2 (en) 2003-08-06 2012-02-14 Gruenenthal Gmbh Abuse-proofed dosage form
US8192722B2 (en) 2003-08-06 2012-06-05 Grunenthal Gmbh Abuse-proof dosage form
US8323889B2 (en) 2004-07-01 2012-12-04 Gruenenthal Gmbh Process for the production of an abuse-proofed solid dosage form
US8383152B2 (en) 2008-01-25 2013-02-26 Gruenenthal Gmbh Pharmaceutical dosage form
US8722086B2 (en) 2007-03-07 2014-05-13 Gruenenthal Gmbh Dosage form with impeded abuse
US9161917B2 (en) 2008-05-09 2015-10-20 Grünenthal GmbH Process for the preparation of a solid dosage form, in particular a tablet, for pharmaceutical use and process for the preparation of a precursor for a solid dosage form, in particular a tablet
US9226907B2 (en) 2008-02-01 2016-01-05 Abbvie Inc. Extended release hydrocodone acetaminophen and related methods and uses thereof
US9636303B2 (en) 2010-09-02 2017-05-02 Gruenenthal Gmbh Tamper resistant dosage form comprising an anionic polymer
US9655853B2 (en) 2012-02-28 2017-05-23 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper-resistant dosage form comprising pharmacologically active compound and anionic polymer
US9675610B2 (en) 2002-06-17 2017-06-13 Grünenthal GmbH Abuse-proofed dosage form
US9737490B2 (en) 2013-05-29 2017-08-22 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper resistant dosage form with bimodal release profile
US9855263B2 (en) 2015-04-24 2018-01-02 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper-resistant dosage form with immediate release and resistance against solvent extraction
US9872835B2 (en) 2014-05-26 2018-01-23 Grünenthal GmbH Multiparticles safeguarded against ethanolic dose-dumping
US9913814B2 (en) 2014-05-12 2018-03-13 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper resistant immediate release capsule formulation comprising tapentadol
US9925146B2 (en) 2009-07-22 2018-03-27 Grünenthal GmbH Oxidation-stabilized tamper-resistant dosage form
US10058548B2 (en) 2003-08-06 2018-08-28 Grünenthal GmbH Abuse-proofed dosage form
US10064945B2 (en) 2012-05-11 2018-09-04 Gruenenthal Gmbh Thermoformed, tamper-resistant pharmaceutical dosage form containing zinc
US10080721B2 (en) 2009-07-22 2018-09-25 Gruenenthal Gmbh Hot-melt extruded pharmaceutical dosage form
US10154966B2 (en) 2013-05-29 2018-12-18 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper-resistant dosage form containing one or more particles
US10201502B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2019-02-12 Gruenenthal Gmbh Tamper-resistant tablet providing immediate drug release
US10300141B2 (en) 2010-09-02 2019-05-28 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper resistant dosage form comprising inorganic salt
US10335373B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2019-07-02 Grunenthal Gmbh Tamper resistant and dose-dumping resistant pharmaceutical dosage form
US10449547B2 (en) 2013-11-26 2019-10-22 Grünenthal GmbH Preparation of a powdery pharmaceutical composition by means of cryo-milling
US10624862B2 (en) 2013-07-12 2020-04-21 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper-resistant dosage form containing ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer
US10695297B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2020-06-30 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper-resistant tablet providing immediate drug release
US10729658B2 (en) 2005-02-04 2020-08-04 Grünenthal GmbH Process for the production of an abuse-proofed dosage form
US10842750B2 (en) 2015-09-10 2020-11-24 Grünenthal GmbH Protecting oral overdose with abuse deterrent immediate release formulations
US11224576B2 (en) 2003-12-24 2022-01-18 Grünenthal GmbH Process for the production of an abuse-proofed dosage form
US11844865B2 (en) 2004-07-01 2023-12-19 Grünenthal GmbH Abuse-proofed oral dosage form

Families Citing this family (82)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030044458A1 (en) 2001-08-06 2003-03-06 Curtis Wright Oral dosage form comprising a therapeutic agent and an adverse-effect agent
US7842307B2 (en) 2001-08-06 2010-11-30 Purdue Pharma L.P. Pharmaceutical formulation containing opioid agonist, opioid antagonist and gelling agent
WO2003015531A2 (fr) * 2001-08-06 2003-02-27 Thomas Gruber Formulation pharmaceutique contenant un colorant
US7141250B2 (en) * 2001-08-06 2006-11-28 Euro-Celtique S.A. Pharmaceutical formulation containing bittering agent
US7332182B2 (en) * 2001-08-06 2008-02-19 Purdue Pharma L.P. Pharmaceutical formulation containing opioid agonist, opioid antagonist and irritant
US7157103B2 (en) 2001-08-06 2007-01-02 Euro-Celtique S.A. Pharmaceutical formulation containing irritant
US20030068375A1 (en) 2001-08-06 2003-04-10 Curtis Wright Pharmaceutical formulation containing gelling agent
US7144587B2 (en) * 2001-08-06 2006-12-05 Euro-Celtique S.A. Pharmaceutical formulation containing opioid agonist, opioid antagonist and bittering agent
US20040109886A1 (en) * 2002-08-27 2004-06-10 Larry Rigby Methods and apparatus for transdermal delivery of abusable drugs with a deterrent agent
US20040202717A1 (en) 2003-04-08 2004-10-14 Mehta Atul M. Abuse-resistant oral dosage forms and method of use thereof
US8906413B2 (en) * 2003-05-12 2014-12-09 Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Drug formulations having reduced abuse potential
US8075872B2 (en) 2003-08-06 2011-12-13 Gruenenthal Gmbh Abuse-proofed dosage form
US7201920B2 (en) 2003-11-26 2007-04-10 Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Methods and compositions for deterring abuse of opioid containing dosage forms
WO2005123039A1 (fr) 2004-06-12 2005-12-29 Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. Formulations de prevention des abus
WO2006044805A2 (fr) * 2004-10-15 2006-04-27 Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Preparations pharmaceutiques pour lesquelles le risque d'abus est reduit
FR2878161B1 (fr) * 2004-11-23 2008-10-31 Flamel Technologies Sa Forme medicamenteuse orale, solide et concue pour eviter le mesusage
FR2878158B1 (fr) * 2004-11-24 2009-01-16 Flamel Technologies Sa Forme pharmaceutique orale, microparticulaire solide concue pour eviter le mesusage
US20060110327A1 (en) * 2004-11-24 2006-05-25 Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Methods and compositions for deterring abuse of orally administered pharmaceutical products
US20060177380A1 (en) * 2004-11-24 2006-08-10 Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Methods and compositions for deterring abuse of orally administered pharmaceutical products
US20080152595A1 (en) * 2004-11-24 2008-06-26 Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Methods and compositions for deterring abuse of orally administered pharmaceutical products
US20070231268A1 (en) * 2004-11-24 2007-10-04 Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Methods and compositions for deterring abuse of orally administered pharmaceutical products
WO2007056142A2 (fr) * 2005-11-02 2007-05-18 Theraquest Biosciences, Llc Procedes de prevention du syndrome serotoninergique et compositions utilisees a cette fin
US20090082466A1 (en) * 2006-01-27 2009-03-26 Najib Babul Abuse Resistant and Extended Release Formulations and Method of Use Thereof
WO2008134071A1 (fr) * 2007-04-26 2008-11-06 Theraquest Biosciences, Inc. Formulations multimodales à libération progressive résistantes aux emplois abusifs
US8329744B2 (en) * 2005-11-02 2012-12-11 Relmada Therapeutics, Inc. Methods of preventing the serotonin syndrome and compositions for use thereof
US20070138439A1 (en) * 2005-12-21 2007-06-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Denaturant for ethanol
EP2049087A2 (fr) * 2006-07-21 2009-04-22 LAB International SRL Système de délivrance hydrophile empêchant les utilisations abusives
WO2008133982A2 (fr) * 2007-04-27 2008-11-06 Lectec Corporation Timbre adhésif contenant un agent aversif
CA2696341C (fr) 2007-08-13 2016-05-17 Abuse Deterrent Pharmaceutical Llc Medicaments resistant aux abus, procedes d'utilisation et de fabrication
AU2008338207A1 (en) 2007-12-17 2009-06-25 Labopharm (Barbados) Limited Misuse preventative, controlled release formulation
EP2259844A4 (fr) 2008-03-05 2012-02-01 Vicus Therapeutics Llc Compositions et procédés pour des thérapies de la mucosite et d oncologie
WO2009149374A2 (fr) * 2008-06-06 2009-12-10 Reveal Sciences, Llc Système de chimie multi-pièce
WO2010066034A1 (fr) * 2008-12-12 2010-06-17 Paladin Labs Inc. Préparation de méthadone
EP2367541B1 (fr) 2008-12-16 2014-07-16 Paladin Labs Inc. Composition à libération contrôlée prévenant un mésusage
DK2921486T3 (da) 2009-08-07 2017-11-13 American Life Science Pharmaceuticals Inc Sammensætninger og fremgangsmåder til behandling af beta-amyloid-relaterede sygdomme
WO2011041414A1 (fr) 2009-09-30 2011-04-07 Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Procédés et compositions de dissuasion d'abus
EP2486917B1 (fr) 2009-10-09 2020-11-25 Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha Film de revêtement, et granulés ainsi que comprimés mettant en oeuvre celui-ci
US10668060B2 (en) 2009-12-10 2020-06-02 Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. Tamper-resistant pharmaceutical compositions of opioids and other drugs
US20110182807A1 (en) * 2010-01-25 2011-07-28 Fuisz Richard C Method and Dosage Form to Confirm Compliant Use of a Bioactive Agent
US20110182824A1 (en) * 2010-01-25 2011-07-28 Fuisz Richard C Method and dosage form to confirm compliant use of a bioactive agent
US20110182827A1 (en) * 2010-01-25 2011-07-28 Fuisz Richard C Method and Dosage Form to Confirm Compliant Use of a Bioactive Agent
JP5686986B2 (ja) * 2010-04-07 2015-03-18 久光製薬株式会社 経皮投与製剤
FR2962331B1 (fr) * 2010-07-06 2020-04-24 Ethypharm Forme pharmaceutique pour lutter contre la soumission chimique, methode la mettant en oeuvre
JP2013537915A (ja) * 2010-09-24 2013-10-07 キューアールエックスファーマ リミテッド オピオイドの制御放出製剤
GB201019577D0 (en) * 2010-11-18 2010-12-29 Univ Cork Method
RS56344B1 (sr) 2010-12-22 2017-12-29 Purdue Pharma Lp Obloženi dozni oblici sa kontrolisanim oslobađanjem otporni na zloupotrebu
CN103327969A (zh) 2010-12-23 2013-09-25 普渡制药公司 抗篡改固体口服剂型
US20120222979A1 (en) * 2011-03-04 2012-09-06 Elwha LLC, a limited liability company of the State of Delaware Glassy compositions
US8435545B2 (en) 2011-09-01 2013-05-07 Qualicaps, Inc. Capsule having broad color spectrum
US8420057B2 (en) 2011-09-01 2013-04-16 Qualicaps, Inc. Capsule having broad color spectrum
CN109820830A (zh) * 2012-03-02 2019-05-31 罗德兹制药股份有限公司 抗破坏性立即释放型制剂类
MX366159B (es) 2012-11-30 2019-07-01 Acura Pharmaceuticals Inc Liberacion autorregulada de ingrediente farmaceutico activo.
CN105120846B (zh) 2013-02-05 2019-10-18 普渡制药公司 抗篡改的药物制剂
CA2907428A1 (fr) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Inspirion Delivery Technologies, Llc Compositions anti-abus et methodes d'utilisation
CA2904155A1 (fr) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 David Barnes Compositions et procedes d'administration a des sujets souffrant de dysphagie
US10751287B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2020-08-25 Purdue Pharma L.P. Tamper resistant pharmaceutical formulations
US9376521B2 (en) 2013-06-13 2016-06-28 Globalfoundries Inc. Polymer composition with saliva labile aversive agent
JP6539274B2 (ja) 2013-08-12 2019-07-03 ファーマシューティカル マニュファクチュアリング リサーチ サービシズ，インコーポレーテッド 押出成形された即放性乱用抑止性丸剤
US9492444B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2016-11-15 Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Research Services, Inc. Extruded extended release abuse deterrent pill
US10172797B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2019-01-08 Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Research Services, Inc. Extruded extended release abuse deterrent pill
JP6510628B2 (ja) 2014-03-26 2019-05-15 サン・ファーマ・アドバンスト・リサーチ・カンパニー・リミテッド 乱用防止即時放出性被覆リザーバ固体剤形
AU2015290098B2 (en) 2014-07-17 2018-11-01 Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Research Services, Inc. Immediate release abuse deterrent liquid fill dosage form
US10729685B2 (en) 2014-09-15 2020-08-04 Ohemo Life Sciences Inc. Orally administrable compositions and methods of deterring abuse by intranasal administration
AU2015336065A1 (en) 2014-10-20 2017-05-04 Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Research Services, Inc. Extended release abuse deterrent liquid fill dosage form
CA3018328A1 (fr) 2014-10-31 2016-04-30 Purdue Pharma Methodes et compositions destinees au traitement du trouble de deficit d'attention
US11103581B2 (en) 2015-08-31 2021-08-31 Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Methods and compositions for self-regulated release of active pharmaceutical ingredient
US9889120B2 (en) 2016-01-14 2018-02-13 Vicus Therapeutics, Llc Combination drug therapies for cancer and methods of making and using them
US11173098B1 (en) 2016-02-05 2021-11-16 Gram Tactical Llc Magazines for tactical medicine dispensers
US20170273974A1 (en) * 2016-03-24 2017-09-28 Medrx Co., Ltd Patch preparations with misuse prevention features
US9737530B1 (en) 2016-06-23 2017-08-22 Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. Process of making stable abuse-deterrent oral formulations
GB2552806A (en) * 2016-08-10 2018-02-14 Sumitomo Chemical Co Light filter and sensor
EP3538076A4 (fr) * 2016-11-08 2019-11-13 University of Louisville Research Foundation, Inc. Encapsulation d'inhibiteurs de phosphodiestérase pour traiter la maladie hépatique alcoolique
US10145856B2 (en) * 2017-03-22 2018-12-04 Hall Labs, Llc Drug tracking system including food dyes detectable in bodily waste
US9927448B1 (en) * 2017-03-22 2018-03-27 David R. Hall Method of measuring food dyes in bodily waste to identify and quantify drug consumption
KR101892270B1 (ko) * 2017-04-07 2018-08-27 주식회사 삼양사 피부자극을 최소화 할 수 있는 경피 흡수용 패취 시스템
ES2967488T3 (es) 2017-06-14 2024-04-30 SpecGx LLC Composiciones farmacéuticas de liberación prolongada retardada
GB2571696B (en) 2017-10-09 2020-05-27 Compass Pathways Ltd Large scale method for the preparation of Psilocybin and formulations of Psilocybin so produced
CN108853013B (zh) * 2018-08-15 2020-04-17 广东莱恩医药研究院有限公司 一种滴眼液及其制备方法和应用
US10722473B2 (en) 2018-11-19 2020-07-28 Purdue Pharma L.P. Methods and compositions particularly for treatment of attention deficit disorder
WO2020212952A1 (fr) 2019-04-17 2020-10-22 Compass Pathfinder Limited Traitement de la dépression et de divers autres troubles au moyen de psilocybine
CN115304595A (zh) 2020-01-10 2022-11-08 康圣博施医药有限公司 药物的治疗组合以及其使用方法
CN114366720B (zh) * 2021-12-11 2023-07-21 江苏恩华药业股份有限公司 一种防滥用的***仑口服片剂及其制备方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3980766A (en) 1973-08-13 1976-09-14 West Laboratories, Inc. Orally administered drug composition for therapy in the treatment of narcotic drug addiction
WO2002085268A1 (fr) 2001-04-23 2002-10-31 Euro-Celtique S.A. Systeme jetable pour une forme galenique transdermique
WO2003015531A2 (fr) 2001-08-06 2003-02-27 Thomas Gruber Formulation pharmaceutique contenant un colorant

Family Cites Families (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US64122A (en) * 1867-04-23 Andrew j
US91635A (en) * 1869-06-22 Improvement in grooving-machine
US3079303A (en) 1958-12-11 1963-02-26 Smith Kline French Lab Basic tablet granulation and process of using same
US3383283A (en) * 1964-01-24 1968-05-14 Merck & Co Inc Medicinal pellets coated with overlapping porous fatty acid leaflet layers
DE2530563C2 (de) 1975-07-09 1986-07-24 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Analgetische Arzneimittel mit vermindertem Mißbrauchspotential
US4457933A (en) 1980-01-24 1984-07-03 Bristol-Myers Company Prevention of analgesic abuse
US4401672A (en) 1981-10-13 1983-08-30 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Non-addictive narcotic antitussive preparation
FR2585246A1 (fr) 1985-07-26 1987-01-30 Cortial Procede d'obtention de formes pharmaceutiques solides a liberation prolongee
US4788055A (en) 1985-12-09 1988-11-29 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Resinate sustained release dextromethorphan composition
US5236714A (en) 1988-11-01 1993-08-17 Alza Corporation Abusable substance dosage form having reduced abuse potential
US5162341A (en) 1991-02-22 1992-11-10 Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Company Use of sigma receptor antagonists for treatment of amphetamine abuse
US5958458A (en) 1994-06-15 1999-09-28 Dumex-Alpharma A/S Pharmaceutical multiple unit particulate formulation in the form of coated cores
IT1282650B1 (it) 1996-02-19 1998-03-31 Jagotec Ag Compressa farmaceutica,caratterizzata da elevato aumento di volume a contatto con liquidi biologici
DE69722191T2 (de) 1996-03-08 2004-04-01 Nycomed Danmark Aps Dosiszusammensetzung mit modifizierter freigabe aus vielen einzelkomponenten
US6328992B1 (en) * 1997-03-03 2001-12-11 Lawrence L. Brooke Cannabinoid patch and method for cannabis transdermal delivery
US6124282A (en) 1997-05-22 2000-09-26 Sellers; Edward M. Drug formulations
ES2264226T3 (es) 1997-12-22 2006-12-16 Euro-Celtique S.A. Forma farmaceutica de dosificacion oral que comprende una combinacion de un agonista opioide y naltrexona.
YU39500A (sh) 1997-12-22 2003-02-28 Euro-Celtique S.A. Postupak sprečavanja zloupotrebe oblika za doziranje opijata
PA8466701A1 (es) * 1998-01-21 2000-09-29 Pfizer Prod Inc Comprimido de mesilato de trovafloxacino
US6169601B1 (en) * 1998-06-23 2001-01-02 Ade Optical Systems Method and apparatus for distinguishing particles from subsurface defects on a substrate using polarized light
US6197196B1 (en) * 1998-10-15 2001-03-06 Water Research Commission Treatment of water
US20030064122A1 (en) 2001-05-23 2003-04-03 Endo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Abuse resistant pharmaceutical composition containing capsaicin
US7141250B2 (en) * 2001-08-06 2006-11-28 Euro-Celtique S.A. Pharmaceutical formulation containing bittering agent
IL160217A0 (en) * 2001-08-06 2004-07-25 Euro Celtique Sa Compositions and methods to prevent abuse of opioids
US20030068276A1 (en) * 2001-09-17 2003-04-10 Lyn Hughes Dosage forms
EP1429730A4 (fr) 2001-09-26 2010-06-16 Penwest Pharmaceuticals Compan Formulations d'opioides presentant un potentiel reduit pour des utilisations abusives
US8906413B2 (en) * 2003-05-12 2014-12-09 Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Drug formulations having reduced abuse potential
US20060018837A1 (en) 2004-07-26 2006-01-26 Victory Pharma, Inc. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods for the prevention of drug misuse
WO2006044805A2 (fr) 2004-10-15 2006-04-27 Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Preparations pharmaceutiques pour lesquelles le risque d'abus est reduit

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3980766A (en) 1973-08-13 1976-09-14 West Laboratories, Inc. Orally administered drug composition for therapy in the treatment of narcotic drug addiction
WO2002085268A1 (fr) 2001-04-23 2002-10-31 Euro-Celtique S.A. Systeme jetable pour une forme galenique transdermique
WO2003015531A2 (fr) 2001-08-06 2003-02-27 Thomas Gruber Formulation pharmaceutique contenant un colorant

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP1624860A4

Cited By (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10369109B2 (en) 2002-06-17 2019-08-06 Grünenthal GmbH Abuse-proofed dosage form
US9675610B2 (en) 2002-06-17 2017-06-13 Grünenthal GmbH Abuse-proofed dosage form
US8114383B2 (en) 2003-08-06 2012-02-14 Gruenenthal Gmbh Abuse-proofed dosage form
US8192722B2 (en) 2003-08-06 2012-06-05 Grunenthal Gmbh Abuse-proof dosage form
US10130591B2 (en) 2003-08-06 2018-11-20 Grünenthal GmbH Abuse-proofed dosage form
US9629807B2 (en) 2003-08-06 2017-04-25 Grünenthal GmbH Abuse-proofed dosage form
US10058548B2 (en) 2003-08-06 2018-08-28 Grünenthal GmbH Abuse-proofed dosage form
US11224576B2 (en) 2003-12-24 2022-01-18 Grünenthal GmbH Process for the production of an abuse-proofed dosage form
US8323889B2 (en) 2004-07-01 2012-12-04 Gruenenthal Gmbh Process for the production of an abuse-proofed solid dosage form
US11844865B2 (en) 2004-07-01 2023-12-19 Grünenthal GmbH Abuse-proofed oral dosage form
US10675278B2 (en) 2005-02-04 2020-06-09 Grünenthal GmbH Crush resistant delayed-release dosage forms
US10729658B2 (en) 2005-02-04 2020-08-04 Grünenthal GmbH Process for the production of an abuse-proofed dosage form
WO2006125819A3 (fr) * 2005-05-24 2008-03-06 Flamel Tech Sa Forme medicamenteuse orale, microparticulaire, anti-mesusage
WO2006125819A2 (fr) * 2005-05-24 2006-11-30 Flamel Technologies Forme medicamenteuse orale, microparticulaire, anti-mesusage
FR2889810A1 (fr) * 2005-05-24 2007-02-23 Flamel Technologies Sa Forme medicamenteuse orale, microparticulaire, anti-mesurage
US8722086B2 (en) 2007-03-07 2014-05-13 Gruenenthal Gmbh Dosage form with impeded abuse
US9750701B2 (en) 2008-01-25 2017-09-05 Grünenthal GmbH Pharmaceutical dosage form
US8383152B2 (en) 2008-01-25 2013-02-26 Gruenenthal Gmbh Pharmaceutical dosage form
US9226907B2 (en) 2008-02-01 2016-01-05 Abbvie Inc. Extended release hydrocodone acetaminophen and related methods and uses thereof
US9161917B2 (en) 2008-05-09 2015-10-20 Grünenthal GmbH Process for the preparation of a solid dosage form, in particular a tablet, for pharmaceutical use and process for the preparation of a precursor for a solid dosage form, in particular a tablet
US10080721B2 (en) 2009-07-22 2018-09-25 Gruenenthal Gmbh Hot-melt extruded pharmaceutical dosage form
US9925146B2 (en) 2009-07-22 2018-03-27 Grünenthal GmbH Oxidation-stabilized tamper-resistant dosage form
US10493033B2 (en) 2009-07-22 2019-12-03 Grünenthal GmbH Oxidation-stabilized tamper-resistant dosage form
US9636303B2 (en) 2010-09-02 2017-05-02 Gruenenthal Gmbh Tamper resistant dosage form comprising an anionic polymer
US10300141B2 (en) 2010-09-02 2019-05-28 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper resistant dosage form comprising inorganic salt
US10695297B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2020-06-30 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper-resistant tablet providing immediate drug release
US10201502B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2019-02-12 Gruenenthal Gmbh Tamper-resistant tablet providing immediate drug release
US10864164B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2020-12-15 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper-resistant tablet providing immediate drug release
US9655853B2 (en) 2012-02-28 2017-05-23 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper-resistant dosage form comprising pharmacologically active compound and anionic polymer
US10335373B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2019-07-02 Grunenthal Gmbh Tamper resistant and dose-dumping resistant pharmaceutical dosage form
US10064945B2 (en) 2012-05-11 2018-09-04 Gruenenthal Gmbh Thermoformed, tamper-resistant pharmaceutical dosage form containing zinc
US10154966B2 (en) 2013-05-29 2018-12-18 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper-resistant dosage form containing one or more particles
US9737490B2 (en) 2013-05-29 2017-08-22 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper resistant dosage form with bimodal release profile
US10624862B2 (en) 2013-07-12 2020-04-21 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper-resistant dosage form containing ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer
US10449547B2 (en) 2013-11-26 2019-10-22 Grünenthal GmbH Preparation of a powdery pharmaceutical composition by means of cryo-milling
US9913814B2 (en) 2014-05-12 2018-03-13 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper resistant immediate release capsule formulation comprising tapentadol
US9872835B2 (en) 2014-05-26 2018-01-23 Grünenthal GmbH Multiparticles safeguarded against ethanolic dose-dumping
US9855263B2 (en) 2015-04-24 2018-01-02 Grünenthal GmbH Tamper-resistant dosage form with immediate release and resistance against solvent extraction
US10842750B2 (en) 2015-09-10 2020-11-24 Grünenthal GmbH Protecting oral overdose with abuse deterrent immediate release formulations

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1624860B1 (fr) 2014-02-12
JP4779082B2 (ja) 2011-09-21
EP1624860A2 (fr) 2006-02-15
EP1624860A4 (fr) 2010-05-05
US9144551B2 (en) 2015-09-29
US20150150816A1 (en) 2015-06-04
CA2525111C (fr) 2013-12-31
ES2463421T3 (es) 2014-05-27
WO2004100894A3 (fr) 2005-01-27
US8906413B2 (en) 2014-12-09
EP2494961A1 (fr) 2012-09-05
JP2006528976A (ja) 2006-12-28
CA2525111A1 (fr) 2004-11-25
US20040228802A1 (en) 2004-11-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2525111C (fr) Formulations de medicament presentant un potentiel d'abus reduit
US9308176B2 (en) Less abusable pharmaceutical preparations
US10653776B2 (en) Compositions and methods for reducing overdose
EP1615623B1 (fr) Formes de doses orales de resistance a l'abus et son procede d'utilisation
EP3169316A1 (fr) Compositions et procédés pour réduire une surdose
US20190388354A1 (en) Improved compositions and methods for reducing overdose

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2525111

Country of ref document: CA

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2006532952

Country of ref document: JP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2004751878

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 2004751878

Country of ref document: EP

DPEN Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101)