WO2004083897A1 - 車両検知システム - Google Patents
車両検知システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004083897A1 WO2004083897A1 PCT/JP2004/001598 JP2004001598W WO2004083897A1 WO 2004083897 A1 WO2004083897 A1 WO 2004083897A1 JP 2004001598 W JP2004001598 W JP 2004001598W WO 2004083897 A1 WO2004083897 A1 WO 2004083897A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- value
- detection system
- sensor
- vehicle detection
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/042—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled using inductive or magnetic detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
- G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vehicle detection system and a maintenance method for the system.
- the present invention relates to a vehicle detection system which is less likely to impair the aesthetic appearance, reduces vehicle misidentification, is highly accurate, and is optimal for detecting a vehicle with lower power, and a maintenance method for the system.
- loop detectors are well known as vehicle detectors that detect vehicles to check traffic flow such as traffic volume and occupancy.
- the loop detector embeds the loop coil in the road and detects the vehicle by detecting the change in the inductance when the vehicle passes over the coil.
- Ultrasonic detectors generally use a so-called active sensor that emits ultrasonic waves and senses the reflected waves by itself, transmits the ultrasonic waves, and returns the reflected waves from the vehicle and the reflected waves from the road. The vehicle is detected by detecting a time difference until the vehicle comes.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-78373 (refer to claims)
- the following problems have been encountered in the conventional vehicle detector.
- the loop detector must embed the loop coil in the road, which requires not only burying work, but also it is difficult to secure the burying space for beams and the like, so it may not be applicable. ⁇
- ultrasonic detectors are: (1) If installed on the side of the road to improve aesthetics, it is difficult to detect vehicles accurately. (2) High power consumption and high cost There is a problem that it is easy to become. W
- the ultrasonic detector should be installed so that the transmitting / receiving unit is located almost directly above the vehicle passing through the road so that it can transmit waves almost vertically to the vehicle passing through the road. Need to be installed. Therefore, the ultrasonic detector has a horizontal member attached to a post near the road, and the transmitter / receiver is fixed to the horizontal member so that it is almost directly below the road or vehicle. Therefore, the horizontal members need to be long enough to allow the ultrasonic detector to protrude into the middle of the road so that it is located almost directly above the vehicle. However, since the horizontal members protrude upward in the middle of the road and are attached to the pillars, there is a problem that not only the appearance is impaired, but also the installation cost is high. In particular, if there are multiple lanes on the road, installing a vehicle detector for each lane requires a long horizontal board that connects the columns on both sides of the road. is there.
- the ultrasonic detector Since the ultrasonic detector is an active sensor, the power consumption tends to be large. Therefore, the power of the ultrasonic detector is usually supplied by a cable such as a cable. Therefore, not only is it necessary to carry out cable connection work for power supply, but the cost is also likely to increase due to the large power consumption. Disclosure of the invention
- a main object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle detection system which does not impair the appearance, reduces detection errors of the vehicle, has high detection accuracy, and can detect the vehicle with reduced power consumption.
- -It is another object of the present invention to provide a maintenance method suitable for the vehicle system.
- the present invention achieves the above object by using a means for passively (passively) detecting infrared rays.
- the present invention is a vehicle detection system that detects a vehicle passing through a monitoring range on a road, using a sensor that detects infrared rays emitted by a detection target, and an input level value obtained from the sensor. And a vehicle presence / absence determining means for determining the presence / absence of a vehicle.
- the present invention uses a sensor that senses infrared light emitted by the detection object without sensing infrared light emitted by itself, and directs the vehicle detector directly downward toward the road surface like a conventional ultrasonic detector.
- a sensor that senses infrared light emitted by the detection object without sensing infrared light emitted by itself, and directs the vehicle detector directly downward toward the road surface like a conventional ultrasonic detector.
- the system of the present invention can detect a vehicle with high accuracy even when the vehicle is detected from the side of the vehicle.
- the present invention uses a sensor that passively detects infrared rays, it consumes less power than an active sensor used in a conventional ultrasonic detector.
- Ultrasonic detectors generally consume a large amount of power, and it is usually difficult to supply power using solar cells or the like, and wired power supply is required.
- a passive sensor since a passive sensor is used, power consumption is small even when the sensor is continuously operated, and power can be supplied from a power source such as a solar cell.
- the passive sensor by using the passive sensor, the power consumption can be reduced and the cost can be reduced. Furthermore, since there is no need to supply power by wire, no cable connection work is required.
- the system of the present invention can operate the sensor intermittently without lowering the detection accuracy by using the sensor that senses infrared rays.
- the time required for the infrared light emitted by the object to reach the sensor is on the order of ns (nanoseconds), which is substantially negligible compared to conventional ultrasonic detectors.
- the conventional ultrasonic detector requires about 60 ms for a single vehicle detection, which requires a measurement time of about 30 ms and a processing time of about 30 ms. Approximately half of the processing time, about 30 ms, can detect vehicles. Therefore, the system of the present invention does not operate continuously as in the conventional ultrasonic detector, and the detection accuracy does not decrease even if the sensor is operated intermittently.
- FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a vehicle detection system of the present invention in which a sensor is intermittently operated by timer control, and in which a tally result is transmitted by wire.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a control procedure of the timer 1 in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a processing procedure in the sensing processing unit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of a vehicle detection system of the present invention in which a sensor is intermittently operated by timer control, in which a wireless communication unit transmits a total result.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a control procedure of the timer 2 in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a processing procedure in the wireless control unit.
- FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of the vehicle detection system according to the present invention in which the sensor is continuously operated, in which the wireless communication unit transmits the tally result.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a processing procedure in the sensing processing unit according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the calculation procedure of the background level in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a procedure for calculating a comparison value in the third embodiment, in which an integrated value is used as the comparison value.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of calculating a comparison value in the third embodiment, and illustrates a case where an integrated value and a change amount are used as a comparison value.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a procedure for calculating a threshold value in the third embodiment.
- FIGS. 13A and 13B are graphs when the vehicle detection system of the present invention is operated in fine weather.
- FIG. 13A shows the input level value, the background level, and the determination result
- FIG. 13B shows the threshold value L, the threshold value H, and the comparison value. Is shown.
- FIG. 14 is a graph when the vehicle rain detection system of the present invention is operated in rainy weather.
- A shows an input level value, a background level, and a determination result.
- B shows a ⁇ value L and a threshold value H, Shows comparative values.
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram schematically showing a connection state between a thermopile element and a CPU in the vehicle detection system of the present invention. .
- FIG. 16A is a front view of a detection unit used in the vehicle detection system of the present invention
- FIG. 16B is a cross-sectional view of the detection unit
- FIG. 17 is an enlarged schematic diagram showing a cross section of a lens portion in a detection unit used in the vehicle rain detection system of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a perspective view schematically showing a detection unit used in the vehicle detection system of the present invention.
- FIGS. 19A and 19B are schematic diagrams illustrating a state in which a detection unit is attached to a post near a road.
- FIG. 19A illustrates an example in which a sensor and a vehicle presence / absence determination unit are integrally provided, and FIG. This is an example in which the determination means is provided separately.
- FIG. 20 is an enlarged schematic diagram of an element portion of a detection unit including a plurality of thermopile elements. .
- FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a monitoring range of a detection unit including a plurality of thermopile elements.
- FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which detection units each including one thermopile element are arranged in one housing for a plurality of lanes.
- the reference numerals used in each drawing are as follows when not described in the specification.
- the amount of infrared light emitted by an object is proportional to the absolute temperature of the object and approximately 4th power of the object's absolute temperature according to Stefan-Boltzmann's law. Therefore, if a sensor that detects infrared rays is installed facing the direction of the road surface, the sensor will detect when a vehicle with a different temperature or emissivity from an object other than a vehicle such as a road passes through the road surface. The vehicle can be detected by changing the amount of infrared light emitted.
- such a sensor is defined as a sensor that does not sense the infrared rays emitted by itself, but senses the infrared rays emitted by the detection target, that is, a so-called passive sensor. It is preferable that the sensor is capable of detecting a change in electrical properties caused by a rise in temperature by being heated by a thermal effect of infrared rays. As such a sensor, it is particularly preferable to use a thermopile element that outputs a temperature change generated in a thermocouple by infrared rays as a thermoelectromotive force.
- thermopile elements such as pyroelectric sensors
- thermopile element having a large output of thermoelectromotive force or by devising a circuit configuration or a value used for a vehicle determination algorithm as described later.
- the vehicle can be detected by sufficiently detecting infrared rays using only the thermopile element.
- a thermopile element is useful because, unlike a pyroelectric sensor, it can detect a vehicle that is stopped due to traffic congestion or the like, as described later.
- thermopile element When a thermopile element is used as a sensor in the system of the present invention, a thermopile element, an amplifier for amplifying the electromotive force of this element, and an amplified voltage are read in the basic circuit, and the vehicle is read using this value. Judgment means (for example, CPU) for judging the presence / absence of the data.
- the amplifier may be configured to amplify not only an AC component but also a DC component.
- a plurality of amplifiers are used, and the amplifier A connected to the thermopile element side has a relatively large amplification factor, and the amplifier B connected to the judging means has a relatively small amplification factor.
- the amplifier B has a configuration that amplifies the difference between the output of the amplifier A and the reference voltage.
- the dynamic range of the determination means can be improved.
- the above sensors and amplifiers may be operated intermittently. In this case, it is desirable to control the ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ of the power supply of the sensor or amplifier using a timer or the like. That is, the sensor or the amplifier may be operated only for a certain period of time in a certain period by a timer to detect infrared rays.
- thermopile element By using a thermopile element, the inventors can detect the infrared ray emitted from the detection target, calculate the temperature of the detection target, and judge the presence or absence of a vehicle when this temperature changes. I found that there was. ⁇ To calculate the temperature of the detection target Since the thermoelectromotive force generated from the thermopile also depends on the temperature of the thermopile itself, a thermistor for detecting the temperature of the thermopile is required separately. Therefore, without calculating the temperature of the detection target, the presence or absence of a vehicle can be determined by using the input level 'value obtained from a sensor such as a thermopile as described below. In this way, even if there is no change in temperature, it is possible to detect vehicles based on the change in infrared dose caused by the difference in emissivity.
- the determination of presence / absence of a vehicle using the input level value obtained from the sensor may be performed using the input level value as it is, or a calculation value based on the input level value by performing an appropriate calculation. May be used.
- the vehicle presence / absence determination means performs determination by pattern matching, determination by a neural network, and the like.
- the value based on the amount of infrared rays emitted by objects other than the vehicle is used as the background level, and the value based on the difference between the background level and the input level value is used as the comparison value.
- a configuration for judging the presence of a vehicle may be used.
- the sensor passively detects infrared rays. If the value based on the difference between the input level value obtained from the sensor and the background level is greater than or equal to the ⁇ value, it is determined that a vehicle is present. If the value based on the difference between the input level value and the background level is less than the threshold, it is determined that there is no vehicle. At this time, when the background level is set to a fixed value (set value) as described later, for example, the process is terminated by deleting the obtained input level value.
- the obtained input level value is stored for use as the background level, and when the background level is used as the calculation value, processing such as a predetermined calculation is performed. Then, the judgment result is transmitted to a signal controller, a management center, or the like.
- the background level used for the input level value is a value based on the amount of infrared rays emitted by objects other than the vehicle.
- a fixed value for example, a fixed value (set value) may be determined in advance for each season or every hour of the day, and this fixed value may be set and used.
- a value based on measurement data detected by a sensor such as a separately provided thermistor may be used. For example, the sensor detects the amount of infrared light from other sources than the vehicle at any time.
- the background level is close to the value of the actual environment, so that more precise detection can be performed.
- the background level the value detected immediately before the judgment may be used, but in an actual environment, an instantaneous change may occur due to some influence, so only the value obtained by one detection is used. If a vehicle is used, the vehicle may be mistaken. Therefore, it is preferable that a background level calculating means for calculating a background level based on a value based on an amount of infrared rays emitted from an object other than a vehicle is provided, and the background level be a calculated value. For example, infrared light from a vehicle other than the vehicle may be detected and stored a plurality of times, an average value thereof may be calculated, and the calculated value may be used as a background level. If the same sensor is used for the background level detection and the vehicle detection, it is not necessary to provide a background level detection sensor.
- a value calculated by the exponential smoothing method using the input level value may be used as the background level.
- the exponential smoothing method is also generally expressed as-a X da + OL- o ⁇ - ⁇ + a XW-(f 0 : next forecast value, ⁇ : smoothing factor,: actual value in the previous term, ⁇ : predicted value in the previous term ), The actual value of the previous period (here, the input level value) can be reflected. Therefore, the background level can be a more accurate value based on the actual environment (road surface condition).
- the background level is made to follow the input level value at the following speed determined by the smoothing coefficient 0;
- the smoothing coefficient ⁇ may be a constant value, but if it is changed according to the previous vehicle judgment result, the background level can be grasped more reliably without being affected by the amount of infrared rays (temperature) of the vehicle. Is preferred.
- the previous vehicle determination result indicates that there is a vehicle
- the current input level value is considered to be a value obtained by infrared rays from the vehicle. Therefore, in a traffic jam or the like, if the following speed is increased, an abnormal background level is obtained. Therefore, it is preferable that the following speed is relatively reduced or set to zero.
- the smoothing coefficient ⁇ is set to a relatively small value or 0.
- the actual value of the previous term here, the input level value
- the previous background level is used almost as it is.
- the previous vehicle determination result is no vehicle
- the current input level value is considered to be a value obtained from other than the vehicle, that is, by infrared rays from the road. Therefore, it is preferable to make the following speed relatively high; that is, it is preferable to make the smoothing coefficient (X relatively large and perform the correction based on the actual value of the previous period (here, the current input level value).
- a value based on the difference between the background level and the input level value that is, a comparison with a threshold value
- the difference between the input level value and the background level may be used as it is.
- the difference between the input level value and the background level is used as it is, If the amount of infrared light changes gently during traffic congestion, or if the vehicle temperature changes (changes in the amount of infrared light) are large and the input level value is similar to the background level, the vehicle It was found that there was a possibility that it was determined that there was no data.
- the amount of change may be, for example, the difference between the immediately preceding input level value and the current input level value, but the difference between the immediately preceding input level value and the current input level value, for example, the input level value every 10 ms.
- the amount of change is more effective to use the difference from the input level value before 160 ms. Also, since the amount of change is not calculated by taking the background level into account, it is not affected by the background level.
- the determination of the presence or absence of a vehicle using such a comparison value is performed, for example, by performing a first determination based on a difference between a background level and an input level value, and further performing a second determination based on the change amount. Is also good. Specifically, when the difference between the background level and the input level value is equal to or larger than the threshold, it is determined that there is a vehicle. If the difference is less than the ⁇ value, it is determined that there is no vehicle, and then the determination based on the amount of change is performed, whereby false recognition of the vehicle can be reduced and the presence of the vehicle can be detected more accurately.
- thermopile element alone without a separate sensor such as a pyroelectric sensor is equivalent to or more than a pyroelectric sensor. Can have functions.
- the threshold (threshold) used for determination may be a constant value, but is preferably changed according to the actual environment. For example, when the change in the amount of infrared light (change in temperature or emissivity) is large, that is, when the variance is large, the threshold is set to a relatively large value, and when the change in the amount of infrared light (temperature change) is small, That is, when the variance is small, the threshold value may be set to a relatively small value.
- These threshold values may be obtained by calculation.
- the threshold value may be changed by changing the correction value by using the threshold value as a set value + a correction value. At this time, it is preferable that the correction value be changed based on the input level value.
- the correction value be changed in accordance with the result of the previous vehicle determination, because it is possible to prevent the threshold value from becoming too large. For example, it is preferable to make the correction value relatively small when the previous vehicle determination result indicates that there is a vehicle, and to make the correction value relatively large when the previous vehicle determination result indicates that there is no vehicle. In this case, once it is determined that the vehicle is present, it is easy to continue the determination that the vehicle is present. For example, while the vehicle is stopped due to traffic congestion, the determination that the vehicle is present is continued, and the vehicle starts running. In this case, the determination that there is a vehicle can be easily stopped.
- Processing such as calculation of the background level, calculation of the comparison value, calculation of the threshold value, and determination of the presence or absence of the vehicle may be performed using a known central processing unit (CPU).
- CPU central processing unit
- the results obtained from the vehicle judgment means are totaled and sent to a signal controller or management center.
- the transmission of the result may be performed by wire, but the system may be further provided with a wireless communication unit that wirelessly transmits the total result, and may be transmitted wirelessly.
- a power supply control unit for intermittently supplying power to the wireless communication means, and to supply power only for a certain period of time, because the power can be further reduced.
- the power supply control unit is provided with, for example, a timer, and turns on the power only for a certain period of time at a fixed cycle, and receives and transmits the count result only when the power is on.
- the maintenance method of the vehicle detection system of the present invention is characterized in that maintenance of the system is performed by wirelessly transmitting maintenance data to wireless communication means. For such wireless maintenance, it is advisable to use a device with a wireless interface such as IrDAf for maintenance equipment such as a personal computer.
- a maintenance determination unit that determines whether or not maintenance data has been received so that maintenance can be performed efficiently even when power is intermittently supplied to the wireless communication unit. That is, when the power of the wireless communication means is ON, it is preferable to operate the maintenance determination unit to determine whether or not maintenance data has been received, and to perform maintenance when data has been received.
- the power of the wireless communication means is ON, both the maintenance determining unit and the transmitting / receiving unit for transmitting data overnight may be operated, or each unit may be operated separately. In the former case, when the wireless communication means is powered on, it receives maintenance data sent from a maintenance device such as a personal computer, and sends reply data to the device.
- the ON / OFF of the power of the wireless communication means may be controlled by a control unit such as a timer in each case.
- the senor may be installed in a so-called side fire system with respect to a support provided on a road, and may detect infrared rays from a side of the road. That is, the vehicle may be monitored from the side of the road. More specifically, when the sensor is mounted at a height equal to or higher than the height of the vehicle from the road surface, the sensor is mounted on a pole so that the sensor faces diagonally below the road or vehicle, and the vehicle is monitored from diagonally above. Is also good. When the mounting position is less than the height of the vehicle from the road surface, the sensor may be mounted on a pole so that the sensor faces horizontally, and the vehicle may be monitored almost from the side.
- a plurality of sensors When detecting a vehicle having a plurality of lanes, a plurality of sensors corresponding to the number of lanes are used. At this time, a plurality of sensors may be integrally provided in the system of the present invention, or a plurality of systems of the present invention including one sensor may be used. In the former case, the position of each sensor in the system of the present invention is shifted, and the system of the present invention is installed in a so-called side fire system with respect to a support provided along the road, so that a plurality of lanes can be connected. Of the present invention.
- each sensor it is possible to shift the position of each sensor with respect to the same pole and install it in a so-called side-fire system in the same manner as above, but for example, a vehicle passing through the lane near the sensor installation point If a vehicle that is large and passes through the lane far from the installation location is small, the large vehicle may block the infrared rays of the small vehicle. Therefore, a horizontal member may be provided on the column, and the sensors may be installed on the horizontal member at appropriate intervals so as to detect a vehicle passing through each lane. At this time, the system of the present invention can sufficiently detect the vehicle even when the sensors are not arranged almost directly above the vehicle rain. It is not necessary that the sensor is long enough to dispose the sensor, but it may be relatively short.
- the system of the present invention uses a sensor that senses infrared light, so that even if the sensor is installed almost on the side of the road instead of almost directly above the vehicle that passes through the road, there is little misidentification of the vehicle and high accuracy. Detection is possible.
- the system of the present invention A long horizontal member such as a wave detector does not need to be used at the time of installation, or even if a horizontal member is used, it can be shorter than a conventional horizontal member, and the appearance is hardly impaired.
- the system of the present invention includes an infrared sensor in front of a sensor, such as a thermopile element, in order to make it possible to adjust an appropriate area by narrowing an infrared sensing area, and to easily gather the infrared light to the sensor.
- a transmission lens is provided.
- the infrared transmitting lens is not particularly limited as long as it transmits infrared light.
- one surface may be spherical.
- the infrared transmission lens is particularly preferably formed of SnS.
- As an infrared transmission lens a lens made of Ge (germanium) or the like is conventionally known, but a conventional lens requires a glass-based or silicon-based auxiliary material.
- a lens made of ZnS is excellent in weather resistance and can withstand use even if the lens itself is exposed to the outside. Based on this finding, a lens formed of ZnS is defined as a preferred configuration for the present invention.
- the system of the present invention preferably includes a housing for housing a sensor such as a thermopile element.
- a housing is preferably formed of lightweight aluminum or the like.
- the infrared transmitting lens is disposed on the housing such that the focal length matches a sensor such as a thermopile element housed in the housing.
- a support portion for supporting a sensor such as a thermopile element in the housing and a support portion for supporting the infrared transmitting lens may be separately provided, or may be a integrally formed support portion.
- the sensor and the lens should be placed on this support so that when a sensor such as a thermopile element and an infrared transmitting lens are placed, they will have an appropriate focal length.
- a sensor such as a thermopile element and an infrared transmitting lens are appropriately disposed at respective positions to obtain an integral member having an appropriate focal length. This is preferable because it is not necessary to adjust the focal length when arranging it in a place, and the installation work on the housing can be easily performed. .
- the housing has an aiming unit for adjusting the directivity angle of the infrared transmission lens to a target direction.
- Sensors such as thermopile elements and infrared transmission lenses
- the directional angle of the lens must be adjusted to the desired direction. Therefore, if a housing having an aiming part is used, the directivity angle of the infrared transmitting lens arranged in the housing can be easily grasped, and the installation workability is good.
- the aiming section only needs to be able to adjust the directivity angle to the desired direction.For example, a configuration in which a mark such as a combination of a concave projection and a convex projection is provided, or a laser pointer or the like is provided.
- a concave protrusion is provided at one end and a convex protrusion is provided at the other end.
- the convex protrusion is confirmed from the concave of the concave protrusion, and the concave and the convex of the convex protrusion are confirmed.
- the directivity angle can be set to an appropriate direction by adjusting the straight line connecting the parts to the desired direction.
- the senor and the vehicle presence / absence determining means for determining the presence / absence of the vehicle based on the measurement data from the sensor may be provided integrally, or may be provided separately.
- a sensor and a CPU for determining the presence or absence of a vehicle or the like may be housed in the housing, and this may be used as the detection unit.
- the sensor may be housed in a housing and used as a detection unit.
- the CPU for judging the presence or absence of the vehicle is housed in a control box or the like, the above-mentioned housing is installed on a sidewalk post, and the above-mentioned control pox is installed on the same post as this post or near this post. May be.
- FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a vehicle detection system of the present invention in which a sensor is intermittently operated by timer control, and in which a tally result is transmitted by wire.
- This system senses infrared rays emitted from a vehicle or the like, compares the sensing result (input level value) with the background level, and determines the difference between the input level value and the background level and the threshold value. This is to determine the presence or absence of a vehicle. That is, in this example, the difference between the input level value and the background level is used as it is as a value (comparison value) based on the difference between the background level and the input level value.
- the specific components are as follows. (1) (Sensor part 10)
- thermopile element 10a was used as a sensor for detecting infrared rays emitted from a detection target such as a vehicle or a road.
- a high output thermopile element was used.
- the thermopile element 10a and the amplifier 10b provided in the sensor unit 10 are configured such that the power is turned ON / OFF at regular intervals by the timer 1 and operates intermittently.
- the input level value obtained from the sensor unit 10 is temporarily recorded, the input level value is compared with the background level, and the background level is calculated (in this example, the input level by infrared rays from other than the vehicle is used.
- This is a processing unit that accumulates values, takes an average, and uses this average value as the background level. More specifically, a memory (storage means) for storing an input level value of infrared light from a source other than a vehicle as a background value, a vehicle presence / absence determining means (in this example, the input level value obtained from the sensor unit 10 and the memory If the difference between the input level value and the background level is equal to or greater than a threshold value, the presence of the vehicle is determined by comparing the read background level. For these processes, a central processing unit (CPU) is used as appropriate.
- CPU central processing unit
- a solar cell unit 12 is provided for supplying electric power to the sensor unit 10 and the processing unit 11, and the electric power is supplied by the solar cell 12a.
- thermopile element 10a in the sensor section 10.
- the electromotive force generated in the thermopile element 10a is amplified by the amplifier 10b, sent to the sensing processing unit 11, and converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter 11a to obtain an input level value.
- This input level value is compared with the background level, and the presence or absence of a vehicle is determined based on whether the difference is equal to or greater than a threshold. Then, the data obtained from the sensing processing unit 11 is summed up in the sensing summation result, and sent to a signal controller, a traffic management center, or the like by wire.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a control procedure of the timer 1
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure in the sensing processing section.
- Timer 1 counts up at, for example, a 1 ms cycle (step 20), and controls power ON / OFF at a 60 ms cycle.
- step 20 the sensor
- step 21 the power ON / OFF at a 60 ms cycle.
- step 21 turn on the power of the sensor and amplifier in 30 ms to start operation
- step 21 turn on the power for 30 ms from 30 to 60 ms to detect infrared rays
- step 22 turn off the power when 60 ms is reached Yes
- the processing of the sensing processing section is started at 40 ms (step 23).
- step 24 start a new count up, and repeat this.
- the processing start time (40 ms) of the sensing processing unit is delayed by 10 ms from the operation start time (30 ms) of the sensor and the amplifier.
- the count-up cycle, the start time and the operation time of turning on the power of the sensor and the amplifier, and the reset cycle may be appropriately changed.
- step 30 The electromotive force obtained from the sensor is amplified and sent to the sensing processing unit to obtain an input level value (step 31). Then, the obtained input level value is compared with the background level stored in the memory as described later (step 32). If the difference (change in temperature or emissivity) between the input level value and the background level read from the memory is greater than or equal to the threshold value, it is determined that there is a vehicle (step 33), and the vehicle count is shown as ⁇ vehicle present '' in the sensor count. Write (step 34).
- step 35 if the difference (change in temperature or emissivity) between the input level value and the background level read from the memory is less than the threshold, it is determined that there is no car rain (step 35). That is, the sensor has detected the background (such as a road). Therefore, “No vehicle” is written in the detection result (Step 36). Then, the obtained input level value is stored (step 37), and the average value of the past 100 stored input level values is calculated, and this calculated value is stored in the memory as a background level (step 38). .
- the vehicle detection system of the present invention realizes a reduction in power consumption by using a passive sensor having lower power consumption. Furthermore, in this example, the power supply of the sensor and the amplifier is controlled on / off by the timer 1 to operate the sensor and the amplifier intermittently. This realizes a further reduction in power consumption.
- FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of the vehicle detection system of the present invention for operating the sensor intermittently under the control of a vehicle, which system includes a wireless communication unit.
- the basic configuration is the same as that of FIG. 1 except that a wireless communication unit 13 is provided.
- the wireless communication unit 13 includes a wireless control unit 13a and a transmission / reception unit 13 having an antenna and the like, and transmits the aggregation result sent from the sensing processing unit 11 to a signal controller, a management center, and the like.
- the power supply control unit using the timer 2 supplies power intermittently to the wireless communication means (the transmission / reception unit 13b in this example), and supplies the power to the transmission / reception unit 13b at a constant period for a predetermined time. Power is turned on and transmission and reception are performed.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a control procedure of the timer 2
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure in the radio control unit. As shown in FIG.
- the timer 2 counts up, for example, at a period of 10 ms (Step 50), and controls ON / OFF of the power supply of the transmission / reception unit at a period of 60 s.
- the power of the transmitter / receiver is turned on for 500 ms from 0 to 500 ms to transmit / receive the sensing processing result (step 51).
- Step 52) the processing of the wireless control unit is started at 100 ms (step 53).
- reset step 54
- the processing start time (100 ms) of the wireless control unit is delayed by 100 ms from the operation start time (0 ms) of the transmission / reception unit.
- the count-up cycle, the start time and the operation time of the power supply of the transmitting / receiving unit, the reset cycle, and the like may be changed as appropriate.
- the processing of the wireless control unit starts (step 60).
- the wireless control unit reads the result of sensing from the sensing processing unit (step 61), and sends the read result to the signal controller or management center via the transmitting / receiving unit (step 62). After transmission, clear the sensor count result stored in memory (scan Step 63). It is also possible to accumulate the sensing results without clearing them and transmit only the latest sensing results.
- the transmission of the collection of detection results is performed by intermittently transmitting the totalized detection results to a signal controller or the like by the power supply control unit (the timer 2 in this example).
- the operation can be performed with lower power, and power consumption can be reduced.
- the timers 1 and 2 shown in the first and second embodiments may be synchronized or not, or may not be synchronized.
- FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of the vehicle detection system of the present invention for continuously operating sensors, which has a wireless communication unit.
- the basic components of this system are almost the same as those of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 4, but include a sensor 1 for controlling the power of the sensor (the thermopile element 10a in this example) and the amplifier 10b of the sensor unit 10. There is no difference.
- the sensing processing unit 11 not only calculates the background level and determines whether or not there is a vehicle, but also calculates a comparison value using a difference between the input level value and the background level, calculates a threshold value, and the like. Is also different. Hereinafter, this will be described in more detail.
- the system according to the present embodiment detects infrared rays emitted from a detection target with a sensor (in this example, a thermopile element 10a) provided in the sensor unit 10 and amplifies the electromotive force generated in the element 10a.
- the signal is amplified at 10b and sent to the sensing processor 11, where it is converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter 11a to obtain an input level value.
- a value (comparison value) based on the difference between the input level value and the background level is calculated, and the presence or absence of a vehicle is determined based on whether the comparison value is equal to or greater than a threshold value.
- the results obtained from the sensing processing unit 11 are totaled and sent to the wireless communication unit 13, and the totaling result is sent to a signal controller, a traffic management center, and the like via the transmitting / receiving unit 13b.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure in the control unit.
- the sensing processing section starts processing in accordance with the operation of the sensor (step 70).
- the initial learning of the background level and the threshold is performed (step 71).
- the initial learning at the background level is performed when there is no vehicle, it is preferable to set the learning time as short as possible, for example, about 1 second.
- the initial learning of the background level specifically, for example, taking the average of the input level values when no vehicle is present is mentioned.
- the mode of the input level value for a certain time may be taken.
- the threshold value is performed for a certain time (for example, about 10 seconds ⁇ ). If the initial value is sufficiently large, the ⁇ value will be automatically reduced to an appropriate value by learning.
- a normal value can be obtained for both the background level and the threshold value, that is, a value more suitable for the actual environment can be obtained.
- the obtained background level and threshold value are stored in a memory.
- the sensing processing section amplifies and sends the electromotive force obtained from the sensor to obtain an input level value (step 72). Based on this input level value, a comparison value is calculated in the procedure described later (step 73). Further, a threshold value is calculated based on the input level value in a procedure described later (step 74). Then, the threshold value is compared with the comparison value calculated based on the input level value (step 75). If the comparison value is equal to or greater than the threshold value, it is determined that a vehicle is present (step 76), and “vehicle is present” is written in the detection result, and is stored in the memory (step 77). In this example, the input level value is also stored (step 79) and used for the background level calculation described later.
- step 78 if the comparison value is less than the threshold value, it is determined that there is no vehicle (step 78), and similarly, “no vehicle” is written in the sensor count result and stored in the memory (step 77). At this time, the sensor has detected a background such as a road. Therefore, the input level value used for this determination is stored for use in the calculation (step 79), and this input level value is used. To calculate the background level (step 80).
- the wireless communication means appropriately checks whether or not the result of sensing and counting obtained in step 77 is stored, and sends the result of counting to a signal controller or the like in the same manner as described above (see FIGS. 5 and 6).
- the transmission of the counting result to the above signal controller is performed when the power of the transmitting / receiving unit of the wireless communication unit is ON. If the power of the transmitter / receiver unit is off, save it as it is and send it after turning it on.
- the background level used in the system shown in this example will be described.
- the average value of the input level values for which no vehicle is determined is used as the background level.
- the value calculated by the exponential smoothing method is used as the background level.
- the smoothing coefficient ⁇ is not affected by the temperature of the vehicle, but is changed according to the previous vehicle determination result so that the background level is more suitable for the actual environment.
- the smoothing coefficient a is set to / J, and the threshold value ( ⁇ . ⁇ ), for example, 0.
- the smoothing coefficient is determined.
- ⁇ is set to a relatively large value (a. FF ), for example, 0.025.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the calculation procedure of the background level.
- the previous vehicle judgment result is called from the memory, and it is confirmed whether or not the judgment result indicates that there is a vehicle (step 90). If the previous judgment is that there is a vehicle, ⁇ 0 ⁇ is selected as the smoothing coefficient (step 91). If the previous judgment is that there is no vehicle, a 0FF is selected as the smoothing coefficient (step 92). Then, the input level value b n , the previous background level called from the memory, and the selected smoothing coefficient are substituted into the above-mentioned background level formula XO a to calculate the background level (step 93).
- comparison values used in the system shown in this example will be described.
- the difference between the input level value and the background level is used as it is as the comparison value.
- the value calculated based on this difference is used as the comparison value.
- the difference between the input level value b n and the previous background level (the background difference is called The integrated value over a certain period of time is defined as a comparison value.
- FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing a procedure for calculating a comparison value, in which an integrated value is used as the comparison value.
- the difference between the input level value and the background level background difference
- the background difference S n is'!.
- the senor measures the input level value at fixed time intervals, for example, every 10 ms, to obtain the background difference, and integrates the background difference for a fixed time, for example, 160 ms, that is, the background difference for 16 times. .
- a fixed time for example, 160 ms
- I n the integrated value obtained in this manner.
- the integration time and the integration frequency may be appropriately changed. The same applies to the case where the amount of change per unit time of the integrated value and the input level value described later is used as the comparison value.
- the integrated value alone may take 0, and in this case, the vehicle may be erroneously recognized. Therefore, it is preferable to use a calculated value using the integrated value and the change amount of the input level value per unit time as the comparison value. Specifically, the difference between the input level value and the previous background level (background difference) is calculated in the same manner as described above, and the integrated value of this background difference for a certain period of time is calculated. Next, the amount of change is obtained, and the average value of the amount of change is obtained. A value obtained by multiplying the average value by a constant is added to the integrated difference this time to obtain a comparison value.
- thermopile element alone can sufficiently detect infrared rays and determine the presence or absence of a vehicle without using other sensors such as a pyroelectric sensor. can do.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a procedure for calculating a comparison value, in which an integrated value and a change amount are used as a comparison value.
- the background difference for 16 times is
- Integrate S n calculates a change amount D n per unit of time the input level value (scan Tetsupu 102).
- the difference is not the difference from the previous input level value, but the difference from the input level value just before.
- the absolute value I b n -b n. A 16 I variation of the difference between the case, 160 ms before the entry Kareperu value b n. 16 for measuring the input level value for each 10 ms.
- the calculated value of each step is stored in the memory so that it can be used for the next calculation. Also, the specific number for obtaining the average value and the constant A may be changed as appropriate.
- the threshold is made different depending on the change in the amount of infrared rays, that is, the change in temperature or emissivity.
- the magnitude of the change in the temperature or the emissivity tends to occur according to the previous vehicle determination result. Therefore, in this example, the threshold is changed according to the previous vehicle determination result.
- the set value is set to the lowest value, and a correction value is added to the set value to make it follow the environment. Therefore, in this example, this correction value is changed according to the previous vehicle determination result.
- the correction value is obtained by adding a value based on the average value of the background difference to the previous correction value.
- current correction value previous correction value + ⁇ (average integrated value X j3)-previous correction value ⁇ (where j3 is a correction coefficient and ⁇ is a constant, for example, 0.01. ). Then, is changed in order to change the correction value according to the previous vehicle determination result. More specifically, when the previous determination result is there the vehicle, a value smaller than the correction coefficient JS (. N), for example, a 12, when the previous determination result is no vehicle, relatively a correction coefficient jS A large value () 3 0FF ), for example, 36.
- the threshold value By changing the threshold value by changing the correction value in this way, once the determination that the vehicle is present is obtained, the determination that the vehicle is present can be easily continued. Also, when the vehicle is stopped due to traffic congestion, etc., it is easy to continue determining that the vehicle is present. When the vehicle starts running, it is possible to make it easy to determine that there is no vehicle. In this case, when the threshold value is obtained by the calculation, the threshold value may be too large in some cases. Therefore, it is preferable to set a maximum value for the threshold value.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the procedure for calculating the ⁇ value.
- the average of the integrated values is calculated (step 110).
- the average l / 16 XI n of the integrated value I n is calculated (step 110).
- the average l / 16 XI n of the integrated value I n is calculated (step 110).
- the average l / 16 XI n of the integrated value I n is calculated (step 110).
- the average l / 16 XI n of the integrated value I n is calculated (step 110).
- the average l / 16 XI n of the integrated value I n is calculated (step 110).
- the average l / 16 XI n of the integrated value I n is calculated (step 110).
- the average l / 16 XI n of the integrated value I n is calculated (step 110).
- the average l / 16 XI n of the integrated value I n is calculated (step 110).
- the previous vehicle judgment result is called from the memory, and it is confirmed whether or not the judgment result indicates that there is a vehicle (step 111). If the previous determination was with a vehicle, the correction factor is) 3. N (! In FIG. 12) is selected (step 112).
- a threshold value L ' is calculated by adding the correction value CL to a set value (for example, 1000) (step 114). Further, a ⁇ value L is calculated by multiplying the threshold value L 'by a hysteresis coefficient (step 115).
- the hysteresis coefficient X [set value + [previous correction value + ⁇ (average value of background difference ⁇
- the comparison value fluctuates near the threshold value, the determination of the presence of the vehicle and the determination of the absence of the vehicle are repeated in a very short time. It is possible to prevent excessive judgment such as occurrence.
- Hysteresis coefficient for example, when the correction coefficient is i3 0N: 0.9, if the correction coefficient is 3 0FF: 1 can be mentioned.
- ToTadashi coefficient selects i3 0FF (in FIG. 12 J3H) (step 116).
- the threshold value H is calculated by adding the correction value CH to the set value (for example, 1000) (step 118).
- the correction coefficient 3, the specific number for obtaining the average value, and the constant 0 may be changed as appropriate.
- the threshold when only the integrated value is used and when the integrated value and the amount of change are used as the comparison value In and, the threshold may be changed by changing these values, or the threshold may be changed by other operations.
- the calculated value of each step is stored in the memory so that it can be used for the next calculation.
- FIG. 13 and 14 are graphs when the vehicle detection system of the present invention is operated.
- FIG. 13 (A) shows an input level value, a background level, and a determination result in fine weather
- (B) shows a threshold L
- Fig. 14 (A) shows the input level value, background level, and judgment result in rainy weather
- Fig. 14 (B) shows the threshold L, threshold H, and the comparison value.
- the horizontal axis of both graphs (A) and (B) indicates the passage of time, and the time in both graphs corresponds to each other.
- the amplitude of the input level value is relatively large as shown in Fig. 13 (A), so that the difference between the input level value and the background level with and without the vehicle is relatively clear.
- time t b is determined to be no vehicles.
- the threshold is selected as H.
- the right shoulder is stair-shaped, indicating that there is a vehicle.
- Retention time is because they make myself lifting at. In this example, set to about 115 ms.
- the amplitude of the input level value is relatively small as shown in Fig. 14 (A), so the difference between the input level value and the background level in the case with and without the vehicle is different. Relatively small.
- the input level value of a part such as a vehicle roof tends to be lower than the background level, but the part such as the engine tends to be higher than the background level. Therefore, when the input level value smaller than the background level and the input level value larger than the background level are continuous (for example, section T shown in FIG.
- Fig. 14 (A) if the difference between the input level value and the background level is used as it is, the same It is difficult to determine whether the vehicle belongs to another vehicle or another vehicle.
- Fig. 14 (B) when using a comparison value calculated based on the input level value, especially a comparison value that also considers the integrated value and the change amount, the input level value and the background level can be compared. The difference between the two is more clearly shown, indicating that the vehicle can be detected more accurately. For example, as in the time t c, the vehicle has congested, even with a small difference between the force ⁇ one input level value and the background level, by using a particular comparison value taken into account the integration value, O and there vehicle Can be accurately determined.
- the determination based on the graph shown in FIG. 14B may be performed in the same manner as in the case of FIG.
- the threshold select H the comparison value and the threshold value H
- the next determination time t d the determination of the last time (time ta) since it is there the vehicle, to select a threshold value L.
- time t e Previous vehicle the determination result of the time t e, since it is there the vehicle as shown in FIG.
- the threshold used L compares the comparison value with the threshold L, no vehicle than the comparison value rather threshold L Is determined. Then, the next determination time t e, the determination of the last time (time t e) because without the vehicle, to select a threshold value H.
- a sensing hold time of about 115 ms is provided as in the case of the fine weather, and the time when the vehicle is present is extended by the hold time. Therefore, from the value of the comparison value as time t f, even in the state without a moment vehicle becomes there vehicle as shown in FIG. 14 (A).
- Such a vehicle detection system of the present invention can accurately detect a vehicle even from the side of the vehicle. In addition, by using passive sensors with low power consumption, it is possible to reduce power consumption even if sensors and amplifiers are operated continuously.
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram schematically showing a connection state between a thermopile element and a CPU in the vehicle detection system of the present invention.
- the circuit includes the thermopile element 10a and the sensing processing section 11 such as a CPU, and amplifies the electromotive force generated in the element 10a and sends the amplified electromotive force to the sensing processing section 11. And a pump.
- two amplifiers 10b and 10c are provided.
- the amplifier 10b connected to the element 10a has a large amplification factor (1000 times in FIG. 15), and the amplifier 10c connected to the CPU is It is assumed that the amplification factor is small (10 times).
- the amplifier 10c is connected to the D / A converter lib to amplify the difference between the output of the amplifier 101) and the reference voltage by adding a reference voltage.
- the reference voltage to be added may be adjusted by appropriately examining the potential of the amplifier 10c. In this example, the reference voltage is adjusted by the CPU.
- maintenance data in this example, a personal computer
- IrDA wireless interface
- the wireless communication means include a maintenance determining unit ′ for determining whether or not the maintenance data has been received.
- the maintenance determination unit was the same CPU as above.
- the maintenance determination unit When the power of the transmission / reception unit is turned on, the maintenance determination unit is similarly supplied with power, operates, and determines whether or not maintenance data is being transmitted. Then, when the data for maintenance is received, maintenance is performed by transmitting and receiving the data. When maintenance data is not received, the operation of receiving the aggregation result from the sensing processing unit and transmitting it to the signal controller and the management center is performed.
- the transmission time of the maintenance data be longer than the ON / OFF control cycle of the power supply of the transmission / reception unit (60 s in the second embodiment) so that the transmission / reception unit receives the maintenance data reliably.
- the power supply of the transmission / reception unit of the wireless communication unit and the power supply of the maintenance determination unit are synchronized, but may be different. For example, if the power supply ON / OFF control cycle of the transmission / reception unit is longer than the power supply ON / OFF control cycle of the maintenance determination unit, the maintenance efficiency may be reduced if both power supplies are synchronized. Therefore, the ON / OFF of both power supplies may be controlled separately.
- FIG. 16 (A) is a front view of the detection unit used in the system of the present invention
- (B) is an AA cross-sectional view thereof
- FIG. 17 is an enlarged schematic view showing a cross section of a lens portion.
- the detection unit 1 shown in FIG. 16 is a vehicle presence / absence determination unit that determines the presence / absence of a vehicle using a thermopile element 10a as a sensor for detecting infrared rays emitted from a detection target and an input level value obtained from the element 10a.
- CPU This is a configuration in which the substrate 15 'is integrally provided.
- the detection unit 1 houses a thermopile element 10a in a housing 2 as shown in FIG.
- the thermopile element 10 a is mounted on the board 15 and arranged in the housing 2.
- the board 15 is connected to the CPU board 15 ′ via a connector or the like.
- the housing 2 is a box-shaped body made of lightweight aluminum. In this example, a device having an aiming mechanism is used as described later.
- the detection unit 1 shown in FIG. 16 has a configuration in which a force par 3 is provided on the outer periphery of the housing 2. '
- an infrared transmitting lens 16 is arranged in front of the thermopile element 10a in the detection direction (left side in FIG. 16B) so that one surface (the spherical surface in FIG. 16B) is exposed.
- a spherical lens made of ZnS is used. Lenses made of ZnS have excellent weather resistance, so that it is not necessary to separately provide a glass-based or silicon-based auxiliary material.
- thermopile element 10a and the infrared transmitting lens 16 are supported by the support portion 17 and arranged in the housing 2 '.
- the support portion 17 supports both the thermopile element .10a and the infrared transmitting lens 16 as shown in FIG. 17, and is formed integrally.
- the supporting portion 17 provides an appropriate space 17a so as to have an appropriate focal length, and forms a place where the element 10a and the lens 16 are installed. . Therefore, when the thermopile element 10a and the infrared transmitting lens 16 are arranged at predetermined positions of the support portion 17, the focal length is automatically adjusted.
- FIG. 18 is a perspective view schematically showing a detection unit used in the vehicle detection system of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 18, the detection unit 1 adjusts the directivity angle of the lens so that the directivity angle of the infrared transmitting lens (see Fig.
- a concave protrusion 4a is provided at one end.
- a convex protrusion 4b is provided at the other end.
- the detection unit 1 when the detection unit 1 is installed on a support column or the like as described later, the operator looks at the concave protrusion 4a from the concave protrusion 4a toward the convex protrusion 4b while watching the concave of the concave protrusion 4a and the convex of the convex protrusion 4b. It is advisable to adjust the installation position so that the straight line connecting the parts is in the desired direction.
- the circular hole 5 provided at the end face of the housing 2 in order to protrude and arrange the infrared transmitting lens.
- the detection unit shows a state where the cap is removed.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing a state where the detection unit of the system of the present invention is mounted on a post near the road.
- FIG. 19A shows an example in which a detection unit integrally including a sensor and a vehicle presence / absence determination unit is mounted.
- (B) is an example in which a detection unit having a sensor and a vehicle presence / absence determination unit separately is attached.
- the detection unit 1 has a configuration in which the thermopile element 10a serving as a sensor as described above and a detection processing unit 11 that determines the presence or absence of a vehicle are integrally provided in the housing 2, as shown in FIG.
- the detection unit ⁇ ⁇ has a configuration in which only the thermopile element 10a is housed in the housing 2 and the sensing processing unit 11 is housed in the control box 14, and as shown in FIG.
- the control box 14 is mounted below the column 200 and the control box 14 is mounted below the column 200, the presence or absence of the vehicle is detected by performing a series of processing operations as described in the above embodiment.
- the control box 14 may be provided with a wireless communication unit when the results of sensing and counting are not transmitted by wire.
- the wireless communication unit 13 is not easily interrupted by a signal during communication, and the wiring by a cable for connecting to the sensing processing unit 11 and the solar cell unit 12 can be shortened. Although mounted above, it may be arranged in the housing 2.
- FIGS. 19 (A) and 19 (B) show the solar power supply for the thermopile element 10a and the processing unit 11 and the like.
- the battery unit 12 is mounted above the column 200.
- the housing 2 that houses the thermopile element 10a is installed on the side of the road 201 as shown in FIGS. 19A and 19B, and detects infrared rays emitted from the vehicle 203 and the road. More specifically, the housing 2 has a desired height (about 5.5 m in this example) from the surface of the road 201, and a width of a monitoring range 202 (a rectangular portion surrounded by a broken line in FIG. 19) on the road 201. Attach it at a fixed angle to the axial direction of the column 200 near the road 201 so that W has the desired size (1.2ra in this example).
- thermopile element 10a in the housing 2 detects the physical quantity from a vehicle or the like from the side of the road 201, not from almost directly above, as in a conventional ultrasonic detector. I do.
- the detectors 1 and 1 'of the present invention include a sensor for detecting infrared rays, so that even if they are installed on the side of a road, there is little misidentification of the vehicle as in a conventional ultrasonic detector, and the detection is low. Excellent detection can be performed with electric power.
- thermopile element for infrared detection it is possible to accurately detect a vehicle that is stopped due to traffic congestion or the like as described above. ,
- thermopile element When one thermopile element is provided in the system of the present invention, one lane can be monitored. Therefore, for example, if the sensor housing is installed on a support post with its position adjusted so that it can monitor multiple lanes, for example, if the sensor is housed on a pole, it will pass through any lane even from the side of the road The detected vehicle can be detected.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram showing an element portion in a detection section of the system of the present invention having a plurality of thermopile elements
- FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram showing a monitoring range of the detection section.
- the detection unit 1 " In this case, the ellipse part of the dashed line) can be made into a plurality of lanes, and even if installed on the side of the road, vehicle detection in a plurality of lanes can be realized with one casing. Therefore, this detector 1 "does not require a relatively long horizontal member at the time of installation like a conventional ultrasonic detector (see FIG. 21), and does not impair the appearance.
- FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which detectors each including one thermopile element are arranged in one housing for a plurality of lanes. As shown in Fig. 21, when a detection unit with multiple sensors is installed in a single case using a so-called side-fire method without using horizontal materials, it passes through the lane near the installation location of case 2.
- a plurality of detectors 1 each including one thermopile element 10a may be prepared in one housing 2 and the housings 2 may be arranged for each lane.
- Each housing 2 preferably has a horizontal member 204 disposed on a column 200 as shown in FIG.
- the horizontal member 204 may be relatively short.
- the vehicle detection system of the present invention by using a sensor that passively detects infrared rays emitted from a detection target, there is an excellent effect that the vehicle can be detected with a high degree of accuracy by less erroneous recognition of the vehicle. obtain.
- a passive sensor that detects infrared rays emitted by the detection target instead of infrared rays emitted by itself power consumption is extremely low compared to conventional active sensors such as ultrasonic detectors.
- a solar cell or the like can be operated sufficiently. Therefore, compared to power supply equipment that uses wires such as cables, it can be easily installed and has good workability as well as economical efficiency.
- the vehicle detection time can be extremely short, so that the sensor can be operated intermittently and power consumption can be further reduced. It is possible to reduce the cost.
- the system of the present invention includes a wireless transmission means for wirelessly transmitting the determination result of the vehicle, the power supply is performed intermittently to further reduce the power consumption required for data transmission and the like. be able to.
- the wireless communication means it is possible to simplify the equipment and improve workability as compared with maintenance using a wired connection. In particular, when the power is intermittently supplied to the wireless transmission means, if the maintenance is performed only when the power is ON, the power consumption can be further reduced.
- the vehicle detection system of the present invention has ⁇ ⁇ detection accuracy, and even if the vehicle is installed on the side of the road instead of being substantially perpendicular to the road surface using a horizontal member as in the related art, Can be sufficiently detected. Therefore, since the vehicle detection system of the present invention can be installed without using a relatively large horizontal member as in the related art, it is presumed that the mounting conditions are loose and the applicable range is wide. In addition, since a relatively large horizontal member is not used, the appearance is not impaired, and the installation cost is not increased.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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US10/546,301 US7835853B2 (en) | 2003-02-19 | 2004-02-13 | Vehicle detection system |
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JP2003041722A JP3719438B2 (ja) | 2002-02-20 | 2003-02-19 | 車両検知システム |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1781033A (zh) | 2006-05-31 |
CN100357765C (zh) | 2007-12-26 |
US7835853B2 (en) | 2010-11-16 |
TWI327713B (en) | 2010-07-21 |
US20060250279A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
TW200428302A (en) | 2004-12-16 |
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