WO2004062067A1 - Electric machine - Google Patents

Electric machine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004062067A1
WO2004062067A1 PCT/DE2003/001959 DE0301959W WO2004062067A1 WO 2004062067 A1 WO2004062067 A1 WO 2004062067A1 DE 0301959 W DE0301959 W DE 0301959W WO 2004062067 A1 WO2004062067 A1 WO 2004062067A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
stator
electrical machine
machine according
clamping sleeves
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2003/001959
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ngoc-Thach Nguyen
Eberhard Lung
Oliver Eckert
Karl-Juergen Roth
Stephan Kohl
Ricardo Chombo Vidales
Christa Bauch
Quoc-Dat Nguyen
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2004062067A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004062067A1/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/18Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
    • H02K1/185Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures to outer stators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/15Mounting arrangements for bearing-shields or end plates
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/24Casings; Enclosures; Supports specially adapted for suppression or reduction of noise or vibrations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical machine, in particular an electric motor, with a housing and a stator package fastened in the housing.
  • Such motors which are often constructed as asynchronous motors, are preferably used for applications in the motor vehicle sector. They have to meet the highest reliability and service life requirements in harsh environmental conditions. Nevertheless, they have to be simple to set up and also to be able to manufacture extremely inexpensively in large series in order to be competitive in terms of pricing.
  • the stators of electric motors are often held and fixed by a shrinking process.
  • motor housings which do not have to have any heat capacity as a function for the dissipation and transmission of the heat loss from the motor itself and possibly integrated control units
  • connection technologies such as screwing, clamping, gluing and welding are also used.
  • Asynchronous motors thrive on the radial, small air gap between the stator and rotor packages. Therefore, in most cases, such designs require reworking due to warping or deformation due to the uneven distribution of material in the scope of the manufacturing process.
  • the invention enables an extremely simple positioning and fixing type of the stator package in a motor housing. It is easily possible to compensate for the different thermal expansion between the motor housing made of light metal and the stator package made of sheet steel. In addition, it is easily possible to position the bearing caps for the rotor very precisely and independently of the thermal expansion or cold shrinkage of the light metal housing and still to achieve the smallest possible air gap between the rotor and stator. Time-consuming reworking and thus the undesired removal of chips or the unpredictable risk of jamming, which were often required in the conventional shrinking process, are eliminated.
  • the invention makes use of the knowledge that the motor housing and the outer contour of the stator package can be manufactured with a relatively large tolerance and that precise assembly is nevertheless possible by means of resilient elements which are arranged between the stator package and the motor housing.
  • This connection technology has proven to be extremely reliable in all temperature ranges occurring during the operation of the electrical machine. At the highest permissible operating temperature, which is around 130 ° Celsius, sometimes even up to 160 ° Celsius, any play that may arise between the stator and the motor housing due to the thermal expansion of the motor housing is compensated for by the spring springs of the spring elements.
  • FIG. 2 shows a view of the end face of the electrical machine designed according to the invention
  • Figure 3 shows an electric machine designed according to the invention in longitudinal section
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged partial view of the detail of a cover of an electrical machine designed according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a known electrical machine 1, namely an electric motor, in a longitudinal section. It comprises a housing 2, which is made of light metal and is essentially hollow-cylindrical and has a base, which is closed at the end by a cover 2a and a base 2b which is recessed for the ball bearing.
  • a stator assembly 3 composed of sheet steel is arranged in the housing 2. Concentric to the stator pack 3, the rotor 4 of the electrical machine 1 is rotatably mounted in two ball bearings 5, 6. The ball bearings 5,6 are fastened in the cover 2a and the housing hub 2b.
  • the stator pack 3 and the housing 2 are frequently connected to one another in a non-positive and non-rotatable manner by a shrink fit.
  • the housing 2 made of light metal is heated and pushed onto the stator pack 3 in the heated state.
  • the housing 2 shrinks and is thus firmly seated on the stator 3.
  • This shrinking process which is popular per se and is widespread in manufacturing technology, is not entirely problem-free.
  • post-processing is often necessary because when the housing is warmed this warps due to the different wall thicknesses.
  • the housing 2 can shrink in such a way that the strength limit of the light metal material used is exceeded.
  • the material at the border zone will therefore flow or plasticize.
  • the material plastifies under high compressive stress and thus loses the clamping or holding force.
  • the housing 2 can expand due to excessive heating of the housing 2, which disadvantageously leads to a greater loosening of the shrink connection as a result of permanent deformation. This repeats itself during a few temperature change cycles and can result in complete failure of the electrical machine 1.
  • the circumstances mentioned require an extremely careful selection of the materials, the manufacturing process and very precise production in order to be able to build very reliable electrical machines. Obviously, this causes considerable costs, especially in large series production.
  • the inventive solution elegantly avoids these problems. It is based on the knowledge that certain assemblies of the electrical machine 1, such as in particular the housing 2 and the stator package 3, can be manufactured with comparatively large tolerances, which considerably simplifies the manufacture of the parts and their assembly in large-scale production and thereby makes them cheaper.
  • Existing play between the assembled parts is compensated for by resilient elements which are arranged between the housing and the stator package and are centered there. These resilient elements ensure a firm connection between the housing and the stator package in the entire operating temperature range that is approved for the operation of the electrical machine. If the housing 2 expands at a high temperature, the resilient elements go along with it in a sufficiently exciting manner and continue to guarantee a torsion-proof and high-precision connection between the housing 2 and the stator pack 3.
  • FIGS. 2, 3 and 4. 2 shows the view of an end face of an electrical machine designed according to the invention.
  • a stator pack 3 is arranged coaxially in the housing 2.
  • the housing 2 and the stator package are clamped together, positioned and fixed by a plurality of spring elements.
  • Spring sleeves 7 are preferably used as spring elements, which are arranged in any number, evenly distributed, on the circumference of the stator pack 3. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a total of six clamping sleeves 7 are provided, which are thus arranged at a distance of 60 degrees on the circumference of the stator packet 3.
  • the clamping sleeves 7 are essentially hollow cylindrical, with a slot in the housing wall running parallel to the longitudinal axis direction. They are preferably made of spring steel with a suitable preload range. Pin length, material thickness, geometry and material selection enable an optimal design of the adapter sleeves.
  • the length of the clamping sleeves 7 essentially corresponds to the length of the stator 3.
  • the clamping sleeves 7 can be mounted in recesses 8 which are essentially of a hollow cylindrical shape and are formed by the housing 2 and the stator core 3.
  • grooves 9 are arranged in the inner wall of the housing 2, parallel to the longitudinal axis direction, corresponding to the number of clamping sleeves 7. These grooves are essentially semi-cylindrical in cross section.
  • corresponding grooves 10 are also made in the outer lateral surface of the stator core 3.
  • the corresponding grooves in the inner wall of the housing 2 on the one hand and in the outer wall of the stator core 3 on the other hand thus form a plurality of cylindrical recesses 8 into which the clamping sleeves 7 are introduced. After they have been introduced, the clamping sleeves 7 rest resiliently on the inner wall of the housing 2 on the one hand and on the outer circumferential surface of the stator pack 3 on the other hand and thus clamp these parts together.
  • the grooves 9 in the inner wall of the housing 2 can be introduced in a simple manner when the housing 2 is cast or during extrusion.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment according to the invention te electrical machine 1 in longitudinal section.
  • a recess 8 formed by the housing 2 on the one hand and the stator pack 3 on the other hand can be clearly seen, which extends parallel to the longitudinal axis direction at least over the entire length of the stator 3.
  • a clamping sleeve 7 introduced there can be seen.
  • FIG. 4 which shows a view of the end face of the electrical machine formed by the housing 2 and the stator package 3, also reveals a clamping sleeve 7 shown in cross section, which is arranged in a recess 8 formed between the housing 2 and the stator package 3.
  • the solution according to the invention also enables the covers 2a, 2b which close the housing 2 to be assembled in a particularly simple and yet precise manner.
  • the clamping sleeves 7, the length of which essentially corresponds to the length of the housing 2 project beyond the length of the stator packet 3 on both sides by a predetermined amount. They therefore serve at the same time to fill and center the two essentially cup-shaped lids 2a, 2b, which rest with their outer surface on the clamping sleeves 7.
  • the solution according to the invention can be used in all electrical machines in which a stator package is mounted in a housing. It enables a particularly inexpensive and inexpensive manufacturing process, since parts with a comparatively large tolerance can be used. Nevertheless, particularly small fits can be maintained between fixed and rotating parts of an electrical machine. It is particularly advantageous that these good structural properties can also be maintained over a very wide temperature range. Because due to the bracing of the assembled parts by means of spring elements, such as clamping sleeves in particular, temperature-related dimensional changes are largely compensated for. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric machine (1) comprising a housing (2) and a stator stack (3) that is disposed inside said housing (2). The housing (2) and the stator stack (3) are braced together by means of resilient clamping means (7).

Description

Elektrische Maschine Electrical machine
Technisches GebietTechnical field
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine elektrische Maschine, insbesondere einen Elektromotor, mit einem Gehäuse und einem in dem Gehäuse befestigten Statorpaket. Derartige Motoren, die häufig als Asynchronmotoren konstruiert sind, werden bevorzugt für Anwen- düngen im Kraftfahrzeugbereich eingesetzt. Sie müssen dort, bei rauen Umgebungsbedingungen höchste Anforderungen an Zuverlässigkeit und Lebensdauer erfüllen. Dennoch müssen sie einfach aufgebaut und auch in Großserie äußerst preisgünstig zu fertigen sein, um auch hinsichtlich der Preisgestaltung wettbewerbsfähig zu sein.The invention relates to an electrical machine, in particular an electric motor, with a housing and a stator package fastened in the housing. Such motors, which are often constructed as asynchronous motors, are preferably used for applications in the motor vehicle sector. They have to meet the highest reliability and service life requirements in harsh environmental conditions. Nevertheless, they have to be simple to set up and also to be able to manufacture extremely inexpensively in large series in order to be competitive in terms of pricing.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Statoren von Elektromotoren, insbesondere von bestimmten Bauarten der Asynchronmotoren mit Leichtmetallgehäuse, sind häufig durch einen Schrumpfprozess gehalten und fixiert. Bei Motorgehäusen, die für die Ab-und Weiterleitung der Nerlustwärme des Motors selbst und gegebenenfalls integrierter Steuergeräte keine Wärmekapazität als Funktion haben müssen, werden außer dem Schrumpfprozess auch Nerbindungstechniken wie Schrauben, Klemmen, Kleben und Schweißen eingesetzt. Asynchronmotoren leben von dem radialen kleinen Luftspalt zwischen dem Stator- und dem Rotorpaket. Daher ist bei derartigen Ausführungen in den meisten Fällen eine Nacharbeit durch Verzug beziehungsweise Deformation infolge der ungleichmäßigen Materialverteilung im Umfang im Fertigungsprozess erforderlich. Darstellune der ErfindungThe stators of electric motors, especially of certain types of asynchronous motors with a light metal housing, are often held and fixed by a shrinking process. In the case of motor housings, which do not have to have any heat capacity as a function for the dissipation and transmission of the heat loss from the motor itself and possibly integrated control units, in addition to the shrinking process, connection technologies such as screwing, clamping, gluing and welding are also used. Asynchronous motors thrive on the radial, small air gap between the stator and rotor packages. Therefore, in most cases, such designs require reworking due to warping or deformation due to the uneven distribution of material in the scope of the manufacturing process. Representation of the invention
Die Erfindung ermöglicht eine außerordentlich einfache Positionierungs- und Fixierungsart des Statorpakets in einem Motorgehäuse. Dabei ist es ohne weiteres möglich, die unter- schiedliche Wärmeausdehnung zwischen dem aus Leichtmetall bestehenden Motorgehäuse und dem aus Stahlblech bestehenden Statorpaket auszugleichen. Außerdem ist es ohne weiteres möglich, die Lagerdeckel für den Rotor sehr genau und unabhängig von der Wärmeausdehnung beziehungsweise Kälteschrumpfung des Leichtmetallgehäuses zu positionieren und dennoch einen möglichst kleinen Luft- spalt zwischen Rotor und Stator zu realisieren. Aufwändige Nacharbeiten und damit auch die unerwünschte Spänebeseitigung beziehungsweise unberechenbare Blockiergefahr, die bei den herkömmlichen Schrumpfverfahren häufig erforderlich waren, entfallen. Die Erfindung macht sich die Erkenntnis zu Nutze, dass das Motorgehäuse und die Außenkontur des Statorpakets mit einer relativ großen Toleranz gefertigt werden können und dass dennoch eine präzise Montage durch federnde Elemente möglich ist, die zwischen dem Statorpaket und dem Motorgehäuse angeordnet sind. Diese Nerbindungstechnik hat sich bei allen im Betrieb der elektrischen Maschine vorkommenden Temperaturbereichen als außerordentlich zuverlässig erwiesen. Bei der höchsten zulässigen Betriebstemperatur, die bei rund 130 ° Celsius, partiell auch bei bis zu 160 ° Celsius, liegt, wird ein gegebenenfalls zwischen Stator und Motorgehäuse durch die thermische Ausdehnung des Motorgehäuses entstehendes Spiel durch das Νachfedern der federnden Elemente ausgeglichen. Andererseits ist sichergestellt, dass selbst bei der tiefsten Betriebstemperatur in der Größenordnung von etwa -40 ° Celsius das infolge der Kälte auftretende stärkere Schrumpfen des Leichtmetalls gegenüber Stahl es nicht zu deren Ü- berlastung oder Zerstörung führt. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass lediglich die federnden Elemente durch die bei diesem Schrumpfen auftretenden Kräfte weiter zusammen gedrückt werden können. Die Schrumpfung lebt von der Elastizität der Werkstoffe, das heißt, dass die dabei möglichen Federwege im Mikrometerbereich liegen. Dagegen können bei den erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen federnden Spannstiften Federwege bis zu etwa 800 Mikrometer aufgebracht werden. ZeichnungThe invention enables an extremely simple positioning and fixing type of the stator package in a motor housing. It is easily possible to compensate for the different thermal expansion between the motor housing made of light metal and the stator package made of sheet steel. In addition, it is easily possible to position the bearing caps for the rotor very precisely and independently of the thermal expansion or cold shrinkage of the light metal housing and still to achieve the smallest possible air gap between the rotor and stator. Time-consuming reworking and thus the undesired removal of chips or the unpredictable risk of jamming, which were often required in the conventional shrinking process, are eliminated. The invention makes use of the knowledge that the motor housing and the outer contour of the stator package can be manufactured with a relatively large tolerance and that precise assembly is nevertheless possible by means of resilient elements which are arranged between the stator package and the motor housing. This connection technology has proven to be extremely reliable in all temperature ranges occurring during the operation of the electrical machine. At the highest permissible operating temperature, which is around 130 ° Celsius, sometimes even up to 160 ° Celsius, any play that may arise between the stator and the motor housing due to the thermal expansion of the motor housing is compensated for by the spring springs of the spring elements. On the other hand, it is ensured that even at the lowest operating temperature in the order of magnitude of approximately -40 ° Celsius, the greater shrinkage of the light metal compared to steel as a result of the cold does not lead to its overloading or destruction. This is achieved in that only the resilient elements can be pressed further together by the forces occurring during this shrinkage. The shrinkage lives from the elasticity of the materials, which means that the possible spring travel is in the micrometer range. In contrast, spring deflections of up to approximately 800 micrometers can be applied to the resilient dowel pins provided according to the invention. drawing
Anhand der Zeichnung wird die Erfindung nachstehend näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of the drawing.
Es zeigt:It shows:
Figur 1 eine bekannte elektrische Maschine im Längsschnitt,1 shows a known electrical machine in longitudinal section,
Figur 2 eine Ansicht auf die Stirnfläche der erfindungsgemäß ausgestalteten elektri- sehen Maschine,FIG. 2 shows a view of the end face of the electrical machine designed according to the invention,
Figur 3 eine erfindungsgemäß ausgestaltete elektrische Maschine im LängsschnittFigure 3 shows an electric machine designed according to the invention in longitudinal section
Figur.4 eine vergrößerte Teildarstellung des Ausschnitts eines Deckels einer erfin- dungsgemäß ausgestalteten elektrischen Maschine.Figure 4 is an enlarged partial view of the detail of a cover of an electrical machine designed according to the invention.
Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments
Figur 1 zeigt eine bekannte elektrische Maschine 1, nämlich einen elektrischen Motor, in einem Längsschnitt. Sie umfasst ein aus Leichtmetall bestehendes, im Wesentlichen hohl- zylindrisch mit Boden ausgebildetes Gehäuse 2, dass stirnseitig durch einen Deckel 2a und einen für die Kugellagerung ausgesparten Boden 2b abgeschlossen ist. In dem Gehäuse 2 ist ein aus Stahlblech zusammengesetztes Statorpaket 3 angeordnet. Konzentrisch zu dem Statorpaket 3 ist in zwei Kugellagern 5, 6 der Rotor 4 der elektrischen Maschine 1 drehbar gelagert. Die Kugellager 5,6 sind jeweils in dem Deckel 2a und Gehäuse-Nabe 2b befestigt. Bei diesen herkömmlichen elektrischen Maschinen werden Statorpaket 3 und Gehäuse 2 häufig durch einen Schrumpfsitz miteinander kraftschlüssig und verdrehfest verbunden. Dazu wird das aus Leichtmetall bestehende Gehäuse 2 erwärmt und in erwärm- tem Zustand auf das Statorpaket 3 aufgeschoben. Beim Abkühlen schrumpft das Gehäuse 2 und sitzt dadurch fest auf dem Statorpaket 3 auf. Dieses an sich beliebte und in der Fertigungstechnik weit verbreitete Schrumpfverfahren ist jedoch nicht ganz problemlos. Insbesondere dann, wenn sehr enge Fertigungstoleranzen für einen sehr geringen Luftspalt zwi- schen Statorpaket 3 und Rotor 4 gefordert sind, ist häufig eine Nachbearbeitung erforderlich, weil sich bei dem Erwärmen des Gehäuses dieses infolge der unterschiedlichen Wandstärken verzieht. Auch bei elektrischen Maschinen, die wie Motoren bei Kraftfahrzeuganwendungen im Betrieb einem sehr großen Temperaturbereich ausgesetzt werden, ist eine Schrumpfverbindung nicht in allen Fällen hinreichend zuverlässig. Bei sehr tiefen Temperaturen kann das Gehäuse 2 derart schrumpfen, dass die Festigkeitsgrenze des verwendeten Leichtmetallwerkstoffs überschritten wird. Das Material an der Grenzzone wird daher fließen beziehungsweise plastisieren. Der Werkstoff plastisiert unter hoher Druckspannung und verliert damit die Spann- beziehungsweise Haltekraft. Bei sehr hohen Tem- peraturen wiederum kann sich durch zu starke Erwärmung des Gehäuses 2 das Gehäuse 2 ausdehnen, was in nachteiliger Weise zu einer größeren Lockerung der Schrumpfverbindung infolge bleibender Verformung führt. Dies wiederholt sich während einiger Tempera- turwechselzyklen und kann ein völliges Versagen der elektrischen Maschine 1 zur Folge haben. Die genannten Umstände erfordern jedenfalls eine äußerst sorgfältige Auswahl der Werkstoffe, des Herstellungsverfahrens und eine sehr präzise Fertigung, um sehr zuverlässige elektrische Maschinen bauen zu können. Dies verursacht offensichtlich, insbesondere in der Großserienfertigung, beträchtliche Kosten.Figure 1 shows a known electrical machine 1, namely an electric motor, in a longitudinal section. It comprises a housing 2, which is made of light metal and is essentially hollow-cylindrical and has a base, which is closed at the end by a cover 2a and a base 2b which is recessed for the ball bearing. A stator assembly 3 composed of sheet steel is arranged in the housing 2. Concentric to the stator pack 3, the rotor 4 of the electrical machine 1 is rotatably mounted in two ball bearings 5, 6. The ball bearings 5,6 are fastened in the cover 2a and the housing hub 2b. In these conventional electrical machines, the stator pack 3 and the housing 2 are frequently connected to one another in a non-positive and non-rotatable manner by a shrink fit. For this purpose, the housing 2 made of light metal is heated and pushed onto the stator pack 3 in the heated state. When cooling, the housing 2 shrinks and is thus firmly seated on the stator 3. This shrinking process, which is popular per se and is widespread in manufacturing technology, is not entirely problem-free. Especially when very tight manufacturing tolerances for a very small air gap between rule stator pack 3 and rotor 4 are required, post-processing is often necessary because when the housing is warmed this warps due to the different wall thicknesses. Even in the case of electrical machines which, like motors in motor vehicle applications, are exposed to a very wide temperature range during operation, a shrink connection is not sufficiently reliable in all cases. At very low temperatures, the housing 2 can shrink in such a way that the strength limit of the light metal material used is exceeded. The material at the border zone will therefore flow or plasticize. The material plastifies under high compressive stress and thus loses the clamping or holding force. At very high temperatures, in turn, the housing 2 can expand due to excessive heating of the housing 2, which disadvantageously leads to a greater loosening of the shrink connection as a result of permanent deformation. This repeats itself during a few temperature change cycles and can result in complete failure of the electrical machine 1. In any case, the circumstances mentioned require an extremely careful selection of the materials, the manufacturing process and very precise production in order to be able to build very reliable electrical machines. Obviously, this causes considerable costs, especially in large series production.
Die erfinderische Lösung vermeidet diese Probleme auf elegante Art und Weise. Sie geht von der Erkenntnis aus, dass gewisse Baugruppen der elektrischen Maschine 1, wie insbesondere Gehäuse 2 und Statorpaket 3 mit vergleichsweise großen Toleranzen gefertigt werden können, was Herstellung der Teile und deren Montage in Großserienfertigung wesentlich vereinfacht und dadurch verbilligt. Ein vorhandenes Spiel zwischen den montierten Teilen wird durch federnde Elemente ausgeglichen, die zwischen Gehäuse und Stator- paket angeordnet sind und sich dort zentrieren. Diese federnden Elemente sichern eine feste Verbindung zwischen Gehäuse und Statorpaket in dem gesamten Betriebstemperaturbereich, der für den Betrieb der elektrischen Maschine zugelassen ist. Wenn sich bei hoher Temperatur das Gehäuse 2 ausdehnt, gehen auch die federnden Elemente ausreichend stark spannend mit und garantieren weiterhin eine drehfeste und hochpräzise Verbindung zwi- sehen Gehäuse 2 und Statorpaket 3. Sollte dagegen das Gehäuse 2 bei sehr niedrigen Temperaturen schrumpfen, werden die federnden Elemente weiter zusammengepresst und nehmen so die dabei entstehenden Kräfte mit ausreichend großem Federweg zerstörungsfrei auf. Die erfinderische Lösung wird nachfolgend unter Bezug auf die Figuren 2, 3 und 4 weiter erläutert. Dabei zeigt Figur 2 die Sicht auf eine Stirnfläche einer erfindungsgemäß ausgestalteten elektrischen Maschine. In dem Gehäuse 2 ist koaxial ein Statorpaket 3 ange- ordnet. Das Gehäuse 2 und das Statorpaket sind durch eine Mehrzahl von Federelementen miteinander verspannt, positioniert und fixiert. Als Federelemente werden vorzugsweise Spannhülsen 7 eingesetzt, die in einer beliebigen Anzahl, gleichmäßig verteilt, auf dem Umfang des Statorpakets 3 angeordnet sind. In dem in Figur 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind insgesamt sechs Spannhülsen 7 vorgesehen, die somit im Abstand von 60 Grad auf dem Umfang des Statorpakets 3 angeordnet sind. Die Spannhülsen 7 sind im Wesentlichen hohlzylindrisch ausgebildet, mit einem parallel zur Längsachsenrichtung verlaufenden Schlitz in der Gehäusewandung. Sie bestehen vorzugsweise aus Federstahl mit einem geeigneten Vorspannkraft-Bereich. Stiftlänge, Materialsstärke, Geometrie und Werkstoffauswahl ermöglichen eine optimale Auslegung der Spannhülsen. Die Länge der Spannhülsen 7 entspricht im Wesentlichen der Länge des Stators 3. Die Spannhülsen 7 können in im Wesentlichen hohlzylindrisch ausgestalteten Ausnehmungen 8 gelagert sein, die sowohl von den Gehäuse 2 und dem Statorpaket 3 gebildet werden. Dazu sind einerseits in der Innenwandung des Gehäuses 2 parallel zur Längsachsenrichtung sich erstreckende Nuten 9 entsprechend der Anzahl der Spannhülsen 7 angeordnet. Diese Nuten sind im Querschnitt im Wesentlichen halbzylindrisch ausgebildet. Entsprechend dazu sind auch in der Außenmantelfläche des Statorpakets 3 korrespondierende Nuten 10 eingebracht. Die korrespondierenden Nuten in der Innenwandung des Gehäuses 2 einerseits und in der Außenwandung des Statorpakets 3 andererseits bilden miteinander somit mehrere zylindrische Ausnehmungen 8, in die die Spannhülsen 7 eingebracht werden. Nach ihrer Einbrin- gung liegen die Spannhülsen 7 federnd an der Innenwandung des Gehäuses 2 einerseits und an der Außenmantelfläche des Statorpakets 3 andererseits an und verspannen so diese Teile miteinander. Die Nuten 9 in der Innenwandung des Gehäuses 2 lassen sich auf einfache Weise beim Guss des Gehäuses 2 oder beim Strangpressen einbringen. Die korrespondierenden Nuten 10 in der Außenmantelfläche des Statorpakets 3 können ebenfalls auf einfa- ehe Weise durch herkömmliche Metallbearbeitungsverfahren erzeugt werden. Unter Umständen können die Nuten 10 in dem Statorpaket 3 auch dadurch erzeugt werden, dass die einzelnen Bleche, aus denen das Statorpaket 3 zusammengesetzt ist, entsprechende Einkerbungen auf ihrem Außenumfang erhalten. Figur 3 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäß ausgestalte- te elektrische Maschine 1 im Längsschnitt. Im oberen Teil der Zeichnung ist deutlich eine von dem Gehäuse 2 einerseits und dem Statorpaket 3 andererseits gebildete Ausnehmung 8 erkennbar, die sich parallel zur Längsachsemichtung wenigstens über die gesamte Länge des Stators 3 erstreckt. In dieser Ausnehmung 8 ist eine dort eingebrachte Spannhülse 7 erkennbar. Auch die vergrößerte Darstellung in Figur 4 , die eine Ansicht auf die von Gehäuse 2 und Statorpaket 3 gebildete Stirnfläche der elektrischen Maschine zeigt, lässt eine im Querschnitt dargestellte Spannhülse 7 erkennen, die in einer zwischen Gehäuse 2 und Statorpaket 3 gebildeten Ausnehmung 8 angeordnet ist.The inventive solution elegantly avoids these problems. It is based on the knowledge that certain assemblies of the electrical machine 1, such as in particular the housing 2 and the stator package 3, can be manufactured with comparatively large tolerances, which considerably simplifies the manufacture of the parts and their assembly in large-scale production and thereby makes them cheaper. Existing play between the assembled parts is compensated for by resilient elements which are arranged between the housing and the stator package and are centered there. These resilient elements ensure a firm connection between the housing and the stator package in the entire operating temperature range that is approved for the operation of the electrical machine. If the housing 2 expands at a high temperature, the resilient elements go along with it in a sufficiently exciting manner and continue to guarantee a torsion-proof and high-precision connection between the housing 2 and the stator pack 3. If the housing 2 shrinks at very low temperatures, the resilient elements become The elements are pressed further together and thus absorb the resulting forces with sufficient travel without destruction. The inventive solution is explained further below with reference to FIGS. 2, 3 and 4. 2 shows the view of an end face of an electrical machine designed according to the invention. A stator pack 3 is arranged coaxially in the housing 2. The housing 2 and the stator package are clamped together, positioned and fixed by a plurality of spring elements. Spring sleeves 7 are preferably used as spring elements, which are arranged in any number, evenly distributed, on the circumference of the stator pack 3. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a total of six clamping sleeves 7 are provided, which are thus arranged at a distance of 60 degrees on the circumference of the stator packet 3. The clamping sleeves 7 are essentially hollow cylindrical, with a slot in the housing wall running parallel to the longitudinal axis direction. They are preferably made of spring steel with a suitable preload range. Pin length, material thickness, geometry and material selection enable an optimal design of the adapter sleeves. The length of the clamping sleeves 7 essentially corresponds to the length of the stator 3. The clamping sleeves 7 can be mounted in recesses 8 which are essentially of a hollow cylindrical shape and are formed by the housing 2 and the stator core 3. For this purpose, grooves 9 are arranged in the inner wall of the housing 2, parallel to the longitudinal axis direction, corresponding to the number of clamping sleeves 7. These grooves are essentially semi-cylindrical in cross section. Correspondingly, corresponding grooves 10 are also made in the outer lateral surface of the stator core 3. The corresponding grooves in the inner wall of the housing 2 on the one hand and in the outer wall of the stator core 3 on the other hand thus form a plurality of cylindrical recesses 8 into which the clamping sleeves 7 are introduced. After they have been introduced, the clamping sleeves 7 rest resiliently on the inner wall of the housing 2 on the one hand and on the outer circumferential surface of the stator pack 3 on the other hand and thus clamp these parts together. The grooves 9 in the inner wall of the housing 2 can be introduced in a simple manner when the housing 2 is cast or during extrusion. The corresponding grooves 10 in the outer lateral surface of the stator stack 3 can also be produced in a simple manner by conventional metal working methods. Under certain circumstances, the grooves 10 in the stator pack 3 can also be produced in that the individual metal sheets from which the stator pack 3 is composed are given corresponding notches on their outer circumference. FIG. 3 shows an embodiment according to the invention te electrical machine 1 in longitudinal section. In the upper part of the drawing, a recess 8 formed by the housing 2 on the one hand and the stator pack 3 on the other hand can be clearly seen, which extends parallel to the longitudinal axis direction at least over the entire length of the stator 3. In this recess 8, a clamping sleeve 7 introduced there can be seen. The enlarged illustration in FIG. 4, which shows a view of the end face of the electrical machine formed by the housing 2 and the stator package 3, also reveals a clamping sleeve 7 shown in cross section, which is arranged in a recess 8 formed between the housing 2 and the stator package 3.
Auf besonders vorteilhafte Weise ermöglicht die erfindungsgemäße Lösung auch eine besonders einfache und dennoch präzise Montage der das Gehäuse 2 verschließenden Deckel 2a, 2b. Wie insbesondere aus der Darstellung in Figur 3 hervorgeht, überragen die Spannhülsen 7, deren Länge im Wesentlichen der Länge des Gehäuses 2 entspricht, die Länge des Statorpakets 3 beidseitig .um ein vorbestimmtes Maß. Sie dienen daher gleichzeitig der Fülirung und Zentrierung der beiden im Wesentlichen topfförmig ausgebildeten Deckel 2a, 2b, die mit ihrer Außenmantelfläche an den Spannhülsen 7 anliegen.In a particularly advantageous manner, the solution according to the invention also enables the covers 2a, 2b which close the housing 2 to be assembled in a particularly simple and yet precise manner. As can be seen in particular from the illustration in FIG. 3, the clamping sleeves 7, the length of which essentially corresponds to the length of the housing 2, project beyond the length of the stator packet 3 on both sides by a predetermined amount. They therefore serve at the same time to fill and center the two essentially cup-shaped lids 2a, 2b, which rest with their outer surface on the clamping sleeves 7.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung ist bei allen elektrischen Maschinen anwendbar, bei denen ein Statorpaket in einem Gehäuse montiert wird. Sie ermöglicht ein besonders kostengüns- tiges und preiswertes Herstellungsverfahren, da Teile mit vergleichsweise großer Toleranz verwendet werden können. Dennoch lassen sich besonders geringe Passungen zwischen feststehenden und rotierenden Teilen einer elektrischen Maschine einhalten. Besonders vorteilhaft ist, dass sich diese guten konstruktiven Eigenschaften auch über einen sehr weiten Temperaturbereich einhalten lassen. Denn infolge der Verspannung der montierten Teile mittels Federelementen, wie insbesondere Spannhülsen, werden temperaturbedingte Dimensionsänderungen weitgehend kompensiert. BezugszeichenlisteThe solution according to the invention can be used in all electrical machines in which a stator package is mounted in a housing. It enables a particularly inexpensive and inexpensive manufacturing process, since parts with a comparatively large tolerance can be used. Nevertheless, particularly small fits can be maintained between fixed and rotating parts of an electrical machine. It is particularly advantageous that these good structural properties can also be maintained over a very wide temperature range. Because due to the bracing of the assembled parts by means of spring elements, such as clamping sleeves in particular, temperature-related dimensional changes are largely compensated for. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
Elektrische MaschineElectrical machine
Gehäuse a Deckel b DeckelHousing a cover b cover
Statorstator
Rotorrotor
Kugellagerball-bearing
Kugellagerball-bearing
Spannhülseclamping sleeve
Ausnehmungrecess
Nutgroove
Nut groove

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Elektrische Maschine (1) mit einem Gehäuse (2) und einem in dem Gehäuse (2) angeordneten Stator (3), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Gehäuse (2) und Stator (3) durch federnde Spannmittel miteinander verspannt sind.1. Electrical machine (1) with a housing (2) and a stator (3) arranged in the housing (2), characterized in that the housing (2) and the stator (3) are clamped together by resilient clamping means.
2. Elektrische Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als federnde Spannmittel Spannhülsen (7) vorgesehen sind.2. Electrical machine according to claim 1, characterized in that clamping sleeves (7) are provided as resilient clamping means.
3. Elektrische Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 , 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spannhülsen (7) in im Wesentlichen hohlzylindrischen Ausnehmungen (8) zwischen der Innenmantelfläche des Gehäuses (2) und der Außenmantelfläche des Stators (3) angeordnet sind.3. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1, 2, characterized in that the clamping sleeves (7) are arranged in substantially hollow cylindrical recesses (8) between the inner surface of the housing (2) and the outer surface of the stator (3).
4. Elektrische Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede der im Wesentlichen hohlzylindrischen Ausnehmungen (8) durch je zwei Nuten (9,10) mit im Wesentlichen halbkreisförmigem Querschnitt gebildet sind, die einerseits in die Innenmantelfläche des Gehäuses (2) und andererseits in die Außenmantelfläche des Stators (3) eingebracht sind und die sich korrespondierend gegenüberliegen.4. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each of the substantially hollow cylindrical recesses (8) are each formed by two grooves (9, 10) with a substantially semicircular cross section, which, on the one hand, into the inner lateral surface of the housing ( 2) and, on the other hand, are introduced into the outer circumferential surface of the stator (3) and are correspondingly opposite one another.
5. Elektrische Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (2) der elektrischen Maschine (1) ein aus Leichtmetall gefertigtes Gussteil oder Strangpressteil ist, und dass die Nuten (9) beim Gießprozess oder beim Strangpressprozess in die Innenmantelfläche des Gehäuses (2) eingebracht sind.5. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the housing (2) of the electrical machine (1) is a cast part or extruded part made of light metal, and that the grooves (9) during the casting process or during the extrusion process in the Inner surface of the housing (2) are introduced.
6. Elektrische Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Mehrzahl von Spannhülsen (7) vorgesehen ist, die mit gleichem Abstand voneinander auf der Außenmantelfläche des Stators (3) verteilt angeordnet sind. 6. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a plurality of clamping sleeves (7) is provided, which are arranged at the same distance from one another on the outer circumferential surface of the stator (3).
7. Elektrische Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens drei, vorzugsweise mindestens sechs Spannhülsen (7) vorgesehen sind.7. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least three, preferably at least six clamping sleeves (7) are provided.
8. Elektrische Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Länge der Spannhülsen (7) im Wesentlichen mit der Länge des Stators (3) übereinstimmt und die Länge des Stators (3) und die Deckelabstützlänge um ein vorbestimmtes Maß derart überragt, dass die die Länge des Stators (3) überragenden Endstücke der Spannhülsen (7) als Führung und Zentrierung für die Deckel (2a,2b) des Gehäuses (2) dienen. 8. Electrical machine according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the length of the clamping sleeves (7) substantially corresponds to the length of the stator (3) and the length of the stator (3) and the cover support length by a predetermined amount in this way Surpasses that the end pieces of the clamping sleeves (7) projecting beyond the length of the stator (3) serve as a guide and centering for the covers (2a, 2b) of the housing (2).
PCT/DE2003/001959 2002-12-27 2003-06-12 Electric machine WO2004062067A1 (en)

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CN104218716A (en) * 2013-05-30 2014-12-17 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Electric motor assembly and method
WO2018091318A1 (en) * 2016-11-17 2018-05-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Stator of an electrical machine, electrical machine, and method for producing same
CN108702037A (en) * 2016-02-16 2018-10-23 株式会社安川电机 The manufacturing method of electric rotating machine and electric rotating machine
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US7847444B2 (en) * 2008-02-26 2010-12-07 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Electric motor assembly with stator mounted in vehicle powertrain housing and method
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WO2008017616A1 (en) * 2006-08-07 2008-02-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electric motor
CN104218716A (en) * 2013-05-30 2014-12-17 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Electric motor assembly and method
US9583983B2 (en) 2013-05-30 2017-02-28 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Electric motor assembly and method
CN108702037A (en) * 2016-02-16 2018-10-23 株式会社安川电机 The manufacturing method of electric rotating machine and electric rotating machine
WO2018091318A1 (en) * 2016-11-17 2018-05-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Stator of an electrical machine, electrical machine, and method for producing same
US11070104B2 (en) 2016-11-17 2021-07-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Stator of an electrical machine, an electrical machine, and method for producing same
EP3493369A1 (en) * 2017-11-29 2019-06-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Holder for stator in the housing by means of spring elements
WO2019105751A1 (en) 2017-11-29 2019-06-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Mounting a stator in a housing using spring elements
US11705765B2 (en) 2017-11-29 2023-07-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Mounting a stator in a housing using spring elements

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