WO2004044787A2 - Procede de production de pieces prothetiques dentaires ou de restaurations dentaires au moyen de representations dentaires electroniques - Google Patents

Procede de production de pieces prothetiques dentaires ou de restaurations dentaires au moyen de representations dentaires electroniques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004044787A2
WO2004044787A2 PCT/EP2003/012525 EP0312525W WO2004044787A2 WO 2004044787 A2 WO2004044787 A2 WO 2004044787A2 EP 0312525 W EP0312525 W EP 0312525W WO 2004044787 A2 WO2004044787 A2 WO 2004044787A2
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Prior art keywords
tooth
correspondence
points
data set
generic
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PCT/EP2003/012525
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German (de)
English (en)
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WO2004044787A3 (fr
Inventor
Albert Mehl
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Albert Mehl
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Application filed by Albert Mehl filed Critical Albert Mehl
Priority to ES03785641.6T priority Critical patent/ES2593708T3/es
Priority to DK03785641.6T priority patent/DK1581896T3/en
Priority to CA2505892A priority patent/CA2505892C/fr
Priority to US10/534,340 priority patent/US8727776B2/en
Priority to AU2003294708A priority patent/AU2003294708A1/en
Priority to EP03785641.6A priority patent/EP1581896B1/fr
Priority to EP16152909.4A priority patent/EP3091454B1/fr
Publication of WO2004044787A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004044787A2/fr
Publication of WO2004044787A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004044787A3/fr
Priority to US13/326,827 priority patent/US9672444B2/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/4097—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by using design data to control NC machines, e.g. CAD/CAM
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C9/00—Impression cups, i.e. impression trays; Impression methods
    • A61C9/004—Means or methods for taking digitized impressions
    • A61C9/0046—Data acquisition means or methods
    • A61C9/0053—Optical means or methods, e.g. scanning the teeth by a laser or light beam
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20—Analysing
    • G06F18/28—Determining representative reference patterns, e.g. by averaging or distorting; Generating dictionaries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
    • G05B2219/35152—Part coding, description from 3-D cad database
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/45—Nc applications
    • G05B2219/45167—Dentist, dental manufacture
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/45—Nc applications
    • G05B2219/45172—Prosthesis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H20/00—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
    • G16H20/40—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to mechanical, radiation or invasive therapies, e.g. surgery, laser therapy, dialysis or acupuncture

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a general three-dimensional electronic image of a tooth and a method for producing tooth models,
  • Tooth replacement parts or tooth restorations of teeth in need of repair or defect situations are required.
  • Dentist removes the caries and fills the hole with a filling material in the same session. This procedure is mainly used for smaller defects. For larger defects, you tend to use materials such as metal or ceramics etc. that cannot be made directly in the mouth. Also, the design of the occlusal surface in the mouth is rather problematic and difficult to carry out with larger defects. Therefore, at the dentist, after preparation of the tooth, a. Impression taken. This impression is placed in a dental laboratory and a plaster model is created. The corresponding zalin restoration or dental prosthesis can then be made taking into account the counter-toothing and possibly including the jaw movements in the form of articulators. This can e.g.
  • CAD / CAM technology is now seen as an alternative to conventional manufacturing, in which manufacturing is carried out with the support of computer processes of dental restorations and dental prostheses. Put simply, the process is divided into:
  • a second possibility consists in a further three-dimensional optical measurement either of the existing occlusal surface before the tooth is ground or an individually modeled occlusal surface with wax or plastic (e.g. Mattiola, A., Mörmann, WH and Lutz, F .: “Computer-aided occlusion of Cerec 2 inlays and overlays ". Switzerland Monthly Tooth ed 105: 1283-1290 (1995), Mehl, A., Gloger, W.,
  • Mean values, which can be taken from the literature, are also only length, width or similar linear measurements, which in no way can even describe a chewing surface for the computer-assisted reconstruction process.
  • AI discloses a method for computer-aided patient-specific representation and planning of dental and / or dental prosthetic work, in which a digitized image database is created with a large number of model tooth and jaw views, the model views showing objects which show healthy and dental illness findings, e.g. Include single teeth, the
  • Image database contains images of typical mouth regions. This procedure serves as a computer-aided expert system for the therapy planning and decision of dental treatments. This method is not suitable for the three-dimensional reconstruction of tooth defects, as is necessary in the CAD / CAM process for the manufacture of dental prostheses, since patient-specific findings data are not sufficient for the exact individual adaptation of the image databases.
  • the image database should also only provide typical standard forms for the planning discussion with the patient, a change through combinations of these data to a new representative data set is not made.
  • Rotation and control of the occlusal surface are provided to the opposite tooth.
  • the bumps can also be changed in their position. All of this is done interactively. Finally, the tooth restoration is milled.
  • dental prosthetic items are understood to mean parts or the entirety of total or partial prostheses (e.g. telescopic prosthesis, clamp prosthesis, interim prostheses etc.) or also implant structures, bridle restorations, telescopic crowns (primary and secondary parts), crowns, inlays, onlays and overlays and partial crowns. Tooth models are used as prosthetic teeth, as independent models, as
  • the invention provides methods for producing an electronic data record of an average tooth that can be used for the production of a tooth replacement part of a tooth restoration or a tooth model, as stated in claim 1.
  • the invention also provides a method for producing an electronic data record of a generic tooth model that can be used for the production of a tooth replacement part, a tooth restoration or a tooth model, as specified in claims 2 and 3.
  • the invention provides methods for producing tooth models, tooth replacement parts or tooth restorations, as specified in claims 4, 5, 9, 21, 22 and 26.
  • An electronic image of an average tooth obtained in accordance with the invention or the data set of a generic tooth model is particularly suitable as a starting point for the production of a Zalin replacement part, a tooth restoration or a tooth model, because the average tooth or more generally the generic tooth model data set in contrast to a conventional electronic tooth model is not based on more or less natural ideas of the author of the electronic tooth model, but is determined by real teeth.
  • the natural tooth shape expressed in the average tooth or generic Zahr model is the deciding factor and not a tooth model that has arisen from a human imagination.
  • the average data set or the generic Zahr model obtained according to the invention can be used as a starting point and these data sets can be adapted to the tooth to be repaired by adapting to remaining tooth surface parts of the tooth in need of repair or the remaining dentition situation by interactive intervention or by software-controlled automation these data records can be modified to the named
  • the method according to claim 2 and the method according to claim 1 further developing methods according to claim 3 provide that, based on a correspondence analysis, a main axis analysis and a linear combination are carried out in the manner described in these claims, from which a generic tooth model data set is created.
  • the frame can be defined within which one
  • Adaptation of the model data set to the electronic image of the residual structure of the tooth to be repaired is possible without moving away from the mold stock of natural tooth shapes.
  • the adaptation of the generic tooth model data set to the part of the tooth in need of repair can be done in an interactive manner or also fully automatically by means of software control and processing. If you control a numerically controlled machine according to a data set obtained in this way, a physical tooth part is obtained which is particularly close to the appearance of the former intact tooth surface of the tooth to be repaired comes, whereby this result can also be achieved in a comparatively simple manner for the dentist or dental technician.
  • the methods according to claims 1 to 5 deal with the creation of one or at least very less generic tooth model data sets or average teeth of a certain tooth type (e.g. OK-6s, or also large, medium and small OK-6s, etc.). These surfaces allow sufficient tooth-like reconstruction for many situations. Furthermore, the generic tooth model data record enables any change that is carried out on this surface under certain criteria (see below) to result in a natural chewing surface with a high degree of probability and that all possible approved variants of changes describe the entirety of almost all tooth morphologies occurring in nature , The number of adaptation variables is small and the reconstruction of tooth surfaces can be automated.
  • a certain tooth type e.g. OK-6s, or also large, medium and small OK-6s, etc.
  • This generic tooth model data set or the average tooth surface is generated using as large a number of data sets as possible of the same tooth type.
  • the electronic data records can be measured in two or three dimensions. Two-dimensional measurement goes e.g. with metric photography, three-dimensional e.g. with white light stripe projection etc., stereo photogrammetric methods would also be conceivable.
  • the tooth type can be molars, premolars, canines and anterior teeth.
  • the upper jaw (OK) -6, lower jaw (UK) -4, OK- etc. can also be used as a tooth type.
  • tooth types can be summarized in order to integrate or analyze the relationships between neighboring teeth. Information about the neighboring tooth could be used, for example, to select the tooth surface for the tooth in need of repair or for the defect situation.
  • the term tooth type includes one depending on Task very variable grouping options, which must be observed in the generality of the patent claims.
  • the respective data records must be referenced to one another in a first step (brought into the same coordinate system and aligned approximately uniformly) and correspondence established between the surface points of the one data record with the other data records.
  • These correspondences are e.g. between striking points and surface structures. This assignment can be done manually, by searching and assigning certain characteristic features (cusp shape, fissure course,
  • the data records of the measured tooth surfaces of a specific tooth type are brought into the same coordinate system in order to obtain the best possible basis for the automatic determination of the point of co-ordination. This can be done with matching routines by minimizing the distance error function, with rotation and translation parameters being determined. After the coordinate transformation has taken place, the correspondence analysis takes place. From the
  • Image processing modified algorithms for optical flow can be successfully applied here. Furthermore, by elastic registration or matching of certain features (fissures, cusp tips, cusp slopes, marginal ridges), correspondences can be formed between the individual tooth surfaces and mapping instructions can be found. At the end you get the assignment of many
  • Correspondences are linked by building up the correspondence from one tooth to another tooth, from this new tooth another correspondence to a third tooth etc.
  • a new average tooth can be calculated from the existing correspondence and as a starting point serve for the new correspondence analysis.
  • This can be achieved by an algorithm that automatically finds these correspondences without prior knowledge, as specified in claim 6.
  • One possibility is the method of optical flow (for any SD objects, other possibilities are also described in Shelton, C.R .: 3D Correspondence. Master Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998).
  • Displacement field figuratively behaves like an elastic membrane: Between the clear correspondences, this membrane is almost not displaced while it is in between, i.e. in areas with unclear or weak correspondence, can relax almost freely. This can be calculated, for example, by minimizing an energy function that consists of a coupling of many springs between the individual surface points (approximation for the continuous elastic membrane).
  • the reference tooth can be represented as a vector in a 3n-dimensional space (n is the number of selected points lying on the tooth surface, ideally an equidistant grid will be used, the typical number of points can be used go from 10000-200000):
  • D l (x, + ⁇ x. ( ⁇ -,, y,), y, + ⁇ y. (X,, y,), z. (X, + ⁇ (x,, y,), y, + ⁇ . (x t , y,)), x 2 + Ax / (x 2 , y 2 ), y, + ⁇ .y / . (x 2 , y 2 ), z f (x 2 + ⁇ x ; (x 2 , y 2 ), y 2 + ⁇ y ; (x 2 , y 2 )), .. ⁇ n + A ⁇ l ( ⁇ deliberately. y «) »y « + A y, (»» y «).
  • the same vector coordinates, ie indices, also represent corresponding points between all teeth.
  • the entirety of the m vectors that correspond to the m library teeth span a space that one referred to as the tooth space for the corresponding tooth type.
  • the average tooth D can now also be calculated from the individual reshaped library teeth D:
  • this average data record is made available as an average tooth of a certain group of teeth (tooth type) (FIG. 9).
  • the vector space can be shifted so that the mean value is 0. This is obtained by forming the difference between the individual tooth vectors and the average tooth. The resulting difference vectors can then also by
  • Teeth is shifted so that the mean is 0.
  • the mean values of the main axes are 0.
  • the average tooth D is subtracted from each tooth vector D and a new one
  • the following properties result:
  • the eigenvalues ⁇ k correspond to the variances in the direction of the main axis P k
  • the sum of the eigenvalues ⁇ k corresponds to the sum of the variances of ⁇ , ie the total variance of ⁇ . Since a mean shift has no influence on the variance of the values, the sum of the eigenvalues ⁇ k corresponds to the total variance of D. 3.
  • the proportion of a main component P k in the total variance of the data sets is given by:
  • any linear combination according to (Eq. 1) or (Eq. 2) will describe a tooth.
  • a tooth data set which is generally generated by a linear combination of main axes and possibly addition of average tooth, is referred to in this patent specification as a generic tooth model data set or as a generic tooth model with regard to the tooth type under consideration. Synonymous with this and in the abstract sense, the generic tooth model data set or the generic tooth model with regard to the tooth type under consideration is also understood in this patent specification as a combination of Data records of the selected main axes and possibly the average tooth.
  • Combination can be physically e.g. imagine either as individual records that are linked by links or references, or by merging into one large record. If a representation of this generic tooth model or generic tooth model data record is now desired, only the special ones need to be
  • the generic tooth model or the generic tooth model data record (hereinafter also abbreviated partly as “generic tooth”) thus represents a kind of mathematical description of the entire tooth space of the corresponding tooth type.
  • the reconstruction process for the tooth in need of repair or the defect situation can be carried out by means of the average tooth or the generic tooth model and also largely automated.
  • Reconstruction means the complete or at least partial restoration of the missing outer shell of the tooth in need of repair or the defect situation.
  • the tooth in need of repair can be inlay, onlay, overlay, partial crown, crown, bridge preparations etc.
  • the defect situation involves filling areas with missing teeth, e.g. Bridge pontics, implant abutments or parts of partial or full dentures.
  • residual dentition situation refers to the measured information (in particular data records) of prepared tooth or teeth (tooth or teeth in need of repair) or defect situation and the additional optional inclusion of measured information of the residual tooth substance, the opposing jaw, the functional and static / occlusal bite registration, the neighboring tooth / teeth and / or the
  • opposing tooth is synonymous with the technical term antagonist. In this patent, however, parts of the
  • the parameters (linear factors) of the main axes are also optimized so that the insertion of the generic tooth, which has been changed in accordance with the parameters, takes place as well as possible. Additional conditions can optionally be built into this process, such as limiting the size of the parameters so that the result is not far outside the tooth space, or the condition that the counter-purchase surface or functional register may not be penetrated but touches at the contact points. Quality parameters such as minimum layer thicknesses for a material or load-optimized surface design can also be taken into account.
  • Optical flow procedures can be performed. Another possibility is matching with optimization of the parameters according to a quality function (e.g. distance function). It is again crucial that the tooth is not deformed in any way, but stays along the main axes and thus in the area of the shape of natural teeth.
  • a quality function e.g. distance function
  • the generic occlusal surface and data records of the defect situation or the tooth in need of repair will not be in the same coordinate system. Therefore, in addition to the parameters along the main axes (linear factors), at least the rotation and translation must also be determined for the generic occlusal surface.
  • the properties of the generic tooth surface provide the best possible starting conditions for the reconstruction of tooth surfaces.
  • the task is to determine the parameters (linear factors) -., So that the resulting
  • Linear combination i.e. new purchase surface
  • This is done e.g. by minimizing an error function.
  • a further optimization of the adaptation consists in only permitting those linear combinations that have a very high probability, i.e. prefer the most typical tooth shapes of the tooth space. This is said to result in high
  • Probability lies in the convex envelope of the tooth data.
  • the chewing surface sought should have the highest possible probability in the area of the tooth surfaces, i.e. their shape should be as typical as possible for one
  • the measured points can have measurement errors (eg due to measurement or by clicking). So that a measurement or processing error when selecting the If the occlusal surface is not weighted excessively, a probability for a measuring point will also be taken into account here, depending on the noise or sources of error.
  • the optimal generic tooth surface determined will fit very well into the existing residual dentition situation.
  • the remaining dentition situation is the measured information (especially data records) of the prepared tooth including residual tooth substance, opposing jaw, functional and static bite registration, neighboring teeth and / or the gum line and alveolar ridge.
  • residual tooth substance especially residual tooth substance, opposing jaw, functional and static bite registration, neighboring teeth and / or the gum line and alveolar ridge.
  • Claim 9 includes the entire manufacturing process from measurement to production.
  • the implementation variants listed above can be used here analogously. From the description and the drawings, a person skilled in the art can derive further variants, which are not listed individually here, so that these too are included in the
  • Patent specification can be considered to be fully included.
  • Claim 14 relates explicitly to the consideration of functional and / or static or occlusal bite registries.
  • a great advantage of the entire occlusal surface adjustment by means of a mathematical or electronic procedure is that you no longer have to take the entire manufacturing chain from taking an impression of the opposing jaw, producing a plaster model of this opposing jaw, articulating the opposing jaw and assigning it to the sawn or preparation model, to determining and adjusting the TMJ parameters, etc. must perform.
  • the alternative here is the direct impression of the opposing jaw situation by means of bite registration in the mouth.
  • the static bite registration sometimes also referred to as the occlusal bite registration, is obtained by inserting impression material into the desired location by biting the patient and biting his teeth until the material bites sets. One gets about the jaw movements
  • Boundary lines and construction instructions where contact points could be and where the reconstructed tooth surface must not be expanded, or which may be the highest points.
  • this information is used for correspondence and thus for a more precise adaptation of the average tooth or the generic tooth.
  • this information can be included in the optimization or minimization process in the form of boundary conditions. This condition could be, for example: Contact points are points of contact (interpolation of the point with a second derivative equal to 0) with the bite registration, while the remaining areas must not be touched by the reconstructed surface.
  • Claim 16 describes a possibility of automating the contact point formation with the opposing tooth (antagonist).
  • the static (occlusal) bite registration with the functional bite registration, both of which were taken from the patient for the corresponding situation as described above and which are located in the same coordinate system (referenced) as measured data records, are the areas in which the one bite registration is one short distance from the other bite registration or both touch, especially excellent. These areas represent the possible candidates for contacts with the antagonists; there cannot be any contact points in the other areas. If you know where the corresponding contact points are on the generic tooth surface or on the average tooth, you can largely automate the optimization of the linear factors.
  • the measured information of the neighboring teeth is also included for the approximal surface design (e.g. position of the approximal contact, extension, etc.) and for the selection of correspondence points or structures (e.g. marginal ridges, dryness of the occlusal surface, etc.).
  • correspondence points or structures e.g. marginal ridges, dryness of the occlusal surface, etc.
  • individual points e.g. contact points
  • shape and structure of the opposing tooth for the opposing tooth for the approximal surface design
  • Correspondence formation is used and the selection of the most suitable tooth surface for the reconstruction of the tooth in need of repair or defect situation is carried out.
  • the information of the corresponding symmetrically opposing tooth could also be used, since it is often assumed that these tooth shapes are only mirror images, but are otherwise very similar.
  • this claim includes the possibility of correlating the relationships found between the neighboring teeth of the same patient from the main axis analysis or correspondence analysis (for example when producing the generic tooth model of adjacent teeth) from the information of the neighboring tooth / teeth to close the outer shell to be supplemented or at least parts of this outer shell.
  • One possibility is to optimize the parameters of the combined generic tooth model data set when adapting to the neighboring tooth / teeth, the tooth surface to be reconstructed being changed accordingly at the same time.
  • the same procedure is also used for the opposite tooth or the symmetrically opposite one
  • Imaging, lighting, rendering and / or projection functions infer the three-dimensional structure (see e.g. Blanz, V., Romdhani, S .: Face Identification across different poses and illuminations with a 3D capable model. Proc. Int. Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 202-207, 2002) and use them for the reconstruction.
  • Measurement is that you can easily e.g. can use an intraoral camera or a camera on the patient to create this image or data records.
  • Claim 18 describes that necessary adjustments are still made if there are still defects and interferences after calculation of the most suitable generic tooth or average tooth. These can be small steps or gaps in the transition to the residual tooth substance, too high places that penetrate the bite registration or the neighboring tooth, still missing contact points etc.
  • methods are available that ensure that the changes are locally limited and as small as possible and at the same time result in a smooth and smooth transition to the unchanged areas. This can be done by known deformation and / or Mo ⁇ hing methods.
  • missing areas such as approximal areas, oral and vestibular areas may have to be added. The possible methods for an automated addition to these areas are described below. Overall, these processes can take place automatically or interactively.
  • the dentist or dental technician can optimize the design according to their own ideas. This option should generally always be implemented in processes for the production of dental prostheses or Zalm restorations.
  • various occlusion and functional concepts can be realized.
  • the generic tooth offers the possibility to decide virtually online which concept you want to use and where the contact points should be (Fig. 9-1 1). For example, either once for a specific user or laboratory that favors a particular concept, or before each new restoration, the desired contact points on the generic tooth are marked, the corresponding correspondence points on the bite registration / and or residual tooth substance or
  • Neighboring tooth as set out in claims 19 and 20.
  • a functionally designed natural occlusal surface is again obtained using the minimization process.
  • This procedure is only possible with generic teeth, because in the case of tooth libraries the best Zalm can only be selected if the corresponding reference points of all teeth have to be determined anew when the contact / functional situation changes, a complex undertaking with a high number of teeth.
  • only one model tooth is deformed, which is not generated on the basis of a generic tooth and the main component analysis was not carried out, there is no guarantee that the result will produce a harmonious, tooth-like result.
  • Tooth surface of less important or simpler parts include e.g. the occlusal surface, second the vestibular, approximal and oral surfaces of the teeth. This division allows you to limit yourself to the better adaptation of the more complicated surfaces from the dental library, while the outer surfaces are automatically supplemented and reconstructed. For the outside areas, the information is only sufficient
  • Construction points (Fig. 8 and 16).
  • One way of implementation is the calculation of Bezier, Nurbs or B-spline surfaces, which connect smoothly and continuously to the corresponding parts of the preparation margin and the boundary of the inserted library data set and thereby the construction points (such as approximal contact, bulge of the vestibular or oral surface).
  • Claim 42 specifies this method.
  • Claim 23 specifies how this tooth library can be constructed. It makes sense to have a structure in which each tooth data record is assigned a data record, either by referencing or by appropriate naming, which contains the type and the features that are to be taken into account for the selection. In addition, the library is said to consist of tooth surfaces that come from natural caries-free and intact teeth.
  • the most general form of the tooth library contains all possible natural and artificial tooth forms. It makes sense to divide the tooth library into groups with different tooth types. This sub-grouping according to the tooth type can be, for example, molars, premolars, canines and anterior teeth.
  • the OK-6er, UK-4er, OK- l he etc. stand. It is also possible to differentiate by age and abrasion, by gender, by ethnicity, by size of teeth, by physiological peculiarities, etc. For example, groups OK-7s aged 50-60 years, 0K-6s with and without Tuberculum Carabelli , UK-3s represent an example of a tooth type in female persons.
  • the term tooth type includes one depending on
  • the task is very variable.
  • Claim 24 describes a method in which one takes into account the factor age or degree of abrasion when creating the generic tooth model data set, with tooth library surfaces of a specific tooth type being present in all age and abrasion levels, and the or the combinations of linear factors and main components that are identified describe this factor, uses it to optimally adjust the abrasion for the respective remaining bit situation.
  • Claim 25 shows a new possibility of producing tooth restorations, in which a proposal for the possible localizations of all points of contact with the opposite tooth / counter-toothing (i.e. the points of contact with the opposite jaw) is automatically determined.
  • a functional bite registration and a static or occlusal bite registration are measured, the data records are referenced in the same coordinate system so that it corresponds to the situation on the patient or on the model and then all areas or points that are very close to one another Have registered, filtered out. It is crucial that no contact point can and must not lie outside these areas. Therefore, even the contact point design could be automated or at least significantly simplified.
  • Claim 27 includes a method in which the data sets of the average tooth, the generic tooth data set, the reconstructed tooth replacement parts, the tooth restorations or the tooth models are prepared by smoothing (filtering) or special adaptation to the tool or machining geometries for the manufacturing process. This also includes milling radius constructions etc.
  • Claims 30 and 31 describe devices which make it possible for the linear factors of the at least most important main components for the generic tooth model data set to be changed directly and interactively by a control device. At the same time, the impact of this change can be viewed and analyzed in a graphic representation. A form of configuration can be seen in FIG.
  • the mentioned devices can e.g. are used to give the dentist or dental technician the opportunity to interactively use their own tools instead of automatic reconstruction and optimization
  • Claims 32 to 35 describe possible methods with which the entire occlusal surface reconstructions can be carried out without having to explicitly cut out or particularly mark the residual tooth substance. Rather, the complete data set of the tooth in need of repair is used (FIG. 12). By clicking on a few starting values (correspondence points) on the residual tooth substance, a proposal is offered, on the basis of which only those correspondence points that are below a certain level are considered for the further iteration or adaptation process Distance between the proposed tooth surface and the tooth in need of repair (Fig. 12). The distance threshold can also be varied or adapted adaptively. It is therefore highly likely that points in the cavity or on the ground areas of the tooth surface will not be taken into account during the reconstruction or will not be significant due to the small number.
  • the preparation line can be automatically supplemented.
  • the search is carried out for areas in which there is a transition from smaller distance values (areas where there is still residual tooth substance; here the reconstructed occlusal surface usually shows slight deviations) to areas with larger distances (areas where the Tooth ground or tooth substance removed) occurs.
  • the preparation margin or at least parts of it also lie in these transition areas (FIG. 13).
  • This procedure can be further improved if one searches for the areas of greatest curvature on the surface of the data record of the tooth in need of repair in these areas and connects these areas of greatest curvature in these areas to form a line (e.g. FIGS. 14 and 15). This means that a fully automated process is conceivable, from reconstruction to preparation margin preparation. However, this can also be used advantageously as support and submission of suggestions for further interactive postprocessing by the user.
  • a connecting line is integrated in space.
  • the connecting line is projected onto the surface so that points can be obtained from the measured tooth whether it is flat (Fig. 14). It is crucial that the projection direction can be selected differently for certain section areas or for each section.
  • the connecting lines can be spline or parabolic segments in addition to straight lines. Even after projection onto the surface, spline segments or the like can still smooth out any jagged or noisy curves.
  • a particularly useful variant is to look for places with the largest curvatures near or between the clicked points. Due to the procedure for preparing and grinding a tooth for restoration, these are the places where the preparation margin should be.
  • the operator can control the result or the necessary interactions, which should always be possible for the dental technician or dentist Visualization with 3D glasses or 3D monitors, etc. This is more familiar to the inexperienced operator.
  • FIG. 3 shows the tooth according to FIG. 1 with neighboring teeth (top) and additionally with a refracted bite registration (bottom);
  • FIG. 4 shows the tooth according to FIG. 1 with bite registration and selected cross-tolerance points
  • FIG. 5 shows a tooth surface selected from a tooth library on the basis of the contact points
  • FIG. 6 rotated representation of the situation according to FIG. 5 with recognizable defects; 7 fitted and completely supplemented zalin restoration;
  • FIG. 8 fitted tooth surface for crown preparation with the drawing of interpolation points for the reconstruction of the still missing outer surfaces
  • Fig. 9 shows an example of a generically generated tooth whether it surface with Konespo ⁇ denz Vietnamese
  • FIG. 11 tooth in need of repair with bite registration and with the correspondent points corresponding to FIG. 9;
  • 17 shows an example of a tooth restoration produced in a machine according to the method of the generic tooth model
  • 18 shows an example of a control device for changing the linear factors and the simultaneous display of the changes
  • 19 shows a flow chart for the creation of an average data record or a generic tooth model data record
  • FIG. 21 is a continuation of the flow diagram of FIG. 14 for a reconstruction of an outer shell
  • Fig. 1 Shows a three-dimensionally measured tooth in need of repair as a height data record.
  • Fig. 2 shows a bite registration referenced to a tooth in need of repair.
  • This bite registration contains information on the antagonist. This can be either a static bite registration and / or a functional bite registration and / or the opposing row of teeth. It is only important that this information is referenced in the same coordinate system as the tooth.
  • Fig. 3 shows the same situation as in Fig. 2, but with neighboring teeth (top) and an additional bite registration (bottom).
  • the entire arrangement represents the residual dentition situation.
  • the neighboring teeth for example, provide the information for the mesial-distal expansion of the reconstructed outer shell.
  • the Neighboring teeth a selection for the tooth surface (outer shell) are made, which are suitable for the reconstruction in the corresponding situation.
  • the tooth surfaces can be optimally adapted either from the library or by means of the generic tooth with main components by correspondingly minimizing an error function become. Instead of the point markings, you can also select larger areas, such as Residual tooth substance and / or contact surfaces, on the basis of which the tooth surfaces are adapted by matching or optical flow. In a further embodiment of the invention, the locations of possible contact points can also be determined automatically by comparing the functional bite registration and the static (occlusal) bite registration.
  • FIG. 5 shows a chewing surface selected from the library and transformed into the position or a generic chewing surface adapted to the situation by optimizing the linear factors of the main components. In both cases you get a relatively good result, which has to be adapted to the edges and the counter teeth by deformation.
  • an adaptation of occlusal surfaces provides missing gaps in the area, especially below the tooth equator, depending on the remaining tooth substance. These gaps still need to be closed.
  • Adaptation of occlusal surface and outer surfaces makes sense.
  • parameters in the edge area are treated separately from parameters in the occlusal area, and thus better adaptation is ensured in the individual areas.
  • the process of supplementing the occlusal surfaces can be carried out automatically.
  • the entire outer contour (outer shell) of the tooth is obtained after adapting to the edge / opposing tooth and supplementing the missing surfaces.
  • the smooth transition in the edge areas is important.
  • Fig. 8 If there is little or no residual tooth substance (e.g. crown preparations), the missing outer surfaces are added over the entire circular area. It makes sense to specify a few construction points. The addition will usually be automated. The further requirement is a smooth transition in the edge areas.
  • residual tooth substance e.g. crown preparations
  • FIG 9 shows an example of a generically generated tooth surface. Here it is e.g. by an average tooth, which was calculated from 200 young, intact first maxillary polaris (OK-6s).
  • Fig. 10. and 1 1 The generic occlusal surface with the main components can in turn be adapted to the residual dentition situation by using the residual tooth substance (Fig. 10) and / or by selecting certain points on the bite registration (Fig.l 1) and / or neighboring teeth etc ..
  • the generic tooth model data set can be used to select specific contact and feature points or structures directly before the calculation and design, since it is sufficient to mark these points on the generic tooth.
  • each individual tooth would have to be provided with the new feature points. This also allows a quick change depending on the situation in order to implement different occlusion and foam concepts.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production de pièces prothétiques dentaires ou de restaurations dentaires. Selon ce procédé, pour reconstruire une dent nécessitant réparation ou remédier à une situation défectueuse, au moins certaines des surfaces extérieures manquantes des pièces prothétiques dentaires ou des restaurations dentaires sont adaptées à la substance dentaire résiduelle existante et/ou aux dents opposées et/ou à la configuration des dents adjacentes et/ou aux enregistrements occlusaux, par optimalisation d'un enregistrement de modèle dentaire générique du type dentaire souhaité, de façon à varier les facteurs de linéarité au moins des composants principaux les plus importants (qui sont déterminés au moyen d'un procédé d'analyse d'axe principal à partir des enregistrements électroniques d'un nombre supérieur de surfaces dentaires mesurées), afin de remplir les critères d'optimalisation sélectionnés, par minimalisation d'une fonction d'erreur. Lorsque lesdites surfaces ont été adaptées avec succès à la configuration occlusale restante et que l'enregistrement est complet, la pièce prothétique dentaire reconstituée ou la restauration dentaire reconstituée est produite dans une machine.
PCT/EP2003/012525 2002-11-11 2003-11-10 Procede de production de pieces prothetiques dentaires ou de restaurations dentaires au moyen de representations dentaires electroniques WO2004044787A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES03785641.6T ES2593708T3 (es) 2002-11-11 2003-11-10 Procedimiento para fabricar piezas de prótesis dentales o restauraciones dentales empleando representaciones dentales electrónicas
DK03785641.6T DK1581896T3 (en) 2002-11-11 2003-11-10 Process for the preparation of tooth replacement parts or tooth restorations using electronic dental representations
CA2505892A CA2505892C (fr) 2002-11-11 2003-11-10 Procede de production de pieces prothetiques dentaires ou de restaurations dentaires au moyen de representations dentaires electroniques
US10/534,340 US8727776B2 (en) 2002-11-11 2003-11-10 Method for producing denture parts or for tooth restoration using electronic dental representations
AU2003294708A AU2003294708A1 (en) 2002-11-11 2003-11-10 Method for producing denture parts or for tooth restoration using electronic dental representations
EP03785641.6A EP1581896B1 (fr) 2002-11-11 2003-11-10 Procédé de production de pièces prothétiques dentaires ou de restaurations dentaires au moyen de représentations dentaires électroniques
EP16152909.4A EP3091454B1 (fr) 2002-11-11 2003-11-10 Procede de fabrication de protheses dentaires ou de restaurations dentaires a l'aide de representation electronique de la dent
US13/326,827 US9672444B2 (en) 2002-11-11 2011-12-15 Method for producing denture parts or for tooth restoration using electronic dental representations

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DE10252298.7 2002-11-11
DE10252298A DE10252298B3 (de) 2002-11-11 2002-11-11 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Zahnersatzteilen oder Zahnrestaurationen unter Verwendung elektronischer Zahndarstellungen

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US13/326,827 Division US9672444B2 (en) 2002-11-11 2011-12-15 Method for producing denture parts or for tooth restoration using electronic dental representations

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WO2004044787A3 WO2004044787A3 (fr) 2007-11-15

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US (2) US8727776B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP1581896B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003294708A1 (fr)
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DE (1) DE10252298B3 (fr)
DK (2) DK3091454T3 (fr)
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WO (1) WO2004044787A2 (fr)

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DK1581896T3 (en) 2016-10-24
AU2003294708A8 (en) 2004-06-03
EP3091454A1 (fr) 2016-11-09
US9672444B2 (en) 2017-06-06
DK3091454T3 (da) 2020-01-13
EP1581896A2 (fr) 2005-10-05
US8727776B2 (en) 2014-05-20
US20120171642A1 (en) 2012-07-05
AU2003294708A1 (en) 2004-06-03
EP1581896B1 (fr) 2016-07-13
US20060063135A1 (en) 2006-03-23
WO2004044787A3 (fr) 2007-11-15
CA2739586C (fr) 2015-06-30
EP3091454B1 (fr) 2019-10-02
CA2505892A1 (fr) 2004-05-27
ES2593708T3 (es) 2016-12-12
CA2505892C (fr) 2015-04-07
DE10252298B3 (de) 2004-08-19
CA2739586A1 (fr) 2004-05-27

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