WO2004042204A1 - Ameliorations portant sur des dispositifs d'epuration de gaz - Google Patents

Ameliorations portant sur des dispositifs d'epuration de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004042204A1
WO2004042204A1 PCT/GB2003/004729 GB0304729W WO2004042204A1 WO 2004042204 A1 WO2004042204 A1 WO 2004042204A1 GB 0304729 W GB0304729 W GB 0304729W WO 2004042204 A1 WO2004042204 A1 WO 2004042204A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cleaning device
gas cleaning
gas
filter
electrically conductive
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2003/004729
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Kukla
Original Assignee
Per-Tec Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Per-Tec Limited filed Critical Per-Tec Limited
Priority to AU2003283530A priority Critical patent/AU2003283530A1/en
Publication of WO2004042204A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004042204A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/04—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric, e.g. electrostatic, device other than a heater
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to gas cleaning devices and to vehicles incorporating the same .
  • An internal combustion engine generates a wide range of pollutants in use.
  • Carbon based pollutants are an especial problem in that their particulate size is such as to cause serious health concerns.
  • Many attempts have been made to reduce the level of pollutants in an exhaust gas stream, concentrating on cleaner burns and the use of catalytic converters.
  • it is still desirable to reduce the pollutant levels further and in many countries legislation is being considered that will require, or at least make more beneficial, a reduction in pollutant output.
  • Preferred embodiments of the present invention aim to overcome or obviate a problem associated with the prior art, whether referred to herein or otherwise.
  • a gas cleaning device comprising a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a path of fluid communication between the gas inlet and gas outlet, an ionising means in the path of fluid communication for ionising particulates in a gas stream and an electrically conductive body at least partly about the ionising means whereby ionised particulates are biased towards the electrically conductive body in which the ionising means extends within the electrically conductive body for less than half the length of the electrically conductive body.
  • the ionising means extends within the electrically conductive body for no more than 40%, more preferably 30% and even more preferably 25% of the length of the electrically conductive body.
  • the electrically conductive body comprises a tube, preferably a circular cylindrical tube.
  • a filter is provided in the path of fluid communication and the ionising means is at least partly within the filter.
  • the ionising means is at least partly within the filter there is a substantial space saving.
  • the ionising means is partly within and partly outside the filter.
  • the major part of the ionising means is within the filter.
  • the ionising means is mounted externally of the filter.
  • the ionising means comprises a first end and a second end is mounted at the first end only.
  • the filter comprises a hollow tube into which the ionising means projects.
  • the ionising means comprises an electrode.
  • the electrode comprises an elongate filament .
  • the filter comprises a filter opening the leading edge of which is returned.
  • the device further comprises an exit tube at least partly in the filter.
  • the entrance to the exit tube comprises an external truncated cone.
  • the path of fluid communication comprises a first path through the filter and a second path avoiding the filter.
  • the second path is through the exit tube opening.
  • a return hole is provided in the exit tube for the first flow path to join the second flow path.
  • the hole is small relative to the cross- sectional area of the exit tube.
  • the filter comprises an electrically conductive layer adjacent a filtration layer.
  • the conductive layer is to the interior of the filtration layer.
  • the conductive layer comprises a gas permeable layer.
  • the conductive layer comprises a metallic layer.
  • the conductive layer is connected to a power supply, whereby the conductive layer can be electrically heated.
  • the conductive layer is at least partly coated in a less conductive layer .
  • a vehicle comprising a vehicle exhaust with an exhaust gas flow path and a gas cleaning device according to the first aspect of the invention in the exhaust gas flow path.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective illustration of a vehicle exhaust incorporating a gas cleaning device according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional elevation of a gas cleaning device according to the present invention in a first aspect .
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged view of part of Figure 2 showing the filter opening.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional elevation of a gas cleaning device according to the present invention in a second aspect .
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional elevation of an electrode mounting arrangement suitable for use with the present invention.
  • a vehicle exhaust 2 of a vehicle 3 for use typically with an internal combustion engine fuelled by diesel or petrol (gasoline) .
  • the exhaust 2 incorporates a silencer 3.
  • a gas cleaning device 4 is located in the silencer 3.
  • the gas cleaning device 4 comprises a gas inlet 6, a gas outlet 8 and a path of fluid communication indicated generally by arrows 10 between the inlet 6 and outlet 8.
  • the path of fluid communication 10 provides a gas flow path between the inlet 6 and outlet 8.
  • a hollow, circular, cylindrical, tubular filter element 14 Extending into the filter element 14 along the longitudinal axis thereof is an electrode 16 (acting as an ionising means) connected to a high tension power supply indicated schematically at 18. Also partly in the filter element 14 is a gas exit tube 20 leading to outlet 8.
  • the filter element 14 and other components are mounted within and supported by a housing 22.
  • Filter element 14 comprises a circular cylindrical hollow tube of gas permeable filter material 24 for removing (at least partly) a pollutant from a gas flow therethrough.
  • a suitable filter material is NEXTE (trade mark) available from 3M.
  • the interior exposed face of the filter material 24 comprises a gas permeable electrically conductive metal layer 26 (an electrically conductive body) comprising a plurality of holes therethrough substantially to permit the free flow of gas and particulates.
  • the metal layer 26 is coated with a coating of lesser conductivity (relative to the metal layer) , as is that part of exit tube 20 that projects into filter element 14.
  • the lesser conductivity coating is an organic coating, which acts as a resistive barrier coating.
  • a suitable coating is TLHB/02 available from Camcoat Performance Coatings of 127 High Street, Bewsey Industrial Estate, Warrington WA5 5LR, United Kingdom.
  • Housing 22 includes a gas impermeable wall 32 in which filter opening 28 is secured.
  • the metal layer 26 terminates in an insulating collar 34 formed from a ceramic material .
  • Extending from filter element 14 through housing 22 is an electrical contact 36 and a thermocouple 38.
  • the electrical contact 36 is connected to a 12 volt (eg vehicle battery) power supply 37 for the periodic heating of the metal layer 26 to burn off accumulated particulates from filter material 24.
  • Thermocouple 38 can be used for monitoring the exhaust gas temperature.
  • Exit tube 20 is generally circular cylindrical and hollow, mounted along the longitudinal axis of the filter element 14, so the electrode 16 and exit tube 20 are substantially aligned. Exit tube 20 has a truncated conical opening 40. Exit tube 20 extends through housing 22 to gas outlet 8.
  • Inlet chamber 42 is prior to the entry of gas flow into the filter 14.
  • In-filter chamber 44 is the volume within the filter 14.
  • Post-filter chamber 46 is the annular volume about the filter 14 and at its end that is outside gas exit tube 20.
  • the electrode 16 is maintained at a relatively high direct current voltage, typically 35kV.
  • direct current voltage typically 35kV.
  • exhaust gases enter the device 4 through gas inlet 6 into inlet chamber 42 from which their only exit is through the filter opening 28 into filter 14.
  • the gases and accompanying particulates are in the vicinity of the charged electrode 16 which acts as an ionising means to ionise a significant proportion of the particulates in the gas flow stream.
  • the ionised particulates are attracted to the metal layer 26 on the interior of the filter element 14. Combined with the existing downstream momentum of the particulates, this means that they tend to flow towards the metal layer 26 and along the filter element 14.
  • particulates With the momentum the particulates have, and to some extent carried along by the general downstream gaseous flow, particulates pass the metal layer 26, through the plurality of holes therethrough, and pass into the filter material 24 of the filter element 14 where they are trapped and cleaned from the gas stream.
  • gas passing through the filter element 14 has particulate pollutants removed therefrom, at least in part.
  • gas exit tube 20 The other exit from in-filter chamber 44 is through gas exit tube 20.
  • Gas can flow freely into the gas exit tube 20 but the gas that does so from in-filter chamber 44 tends to have a highly reduced particulate concentration because a significant proportion of them have been ionised and attracted away from the central gas flow stream that passes into gas exit tube 20.
  • the gas that passes through filter 14 enters post filter chamber 46 about the filter element 14 and can re-enter the gas flow stream to outlet by a hole 48 in gas exit tube 20.
  • the organic coating seems to prevent the charged particulates from discharging on contact with the metal layer 26. If they did so they could drift back into the main gas flow stream and not be filtered.
  • this device is beneficial in the removal of carbon particulate pollutants from an exhaust gas stream.
  • the returned flange 30 of the filter opening 28 ensure that something intervenes between electrode 16 and the free end of the filter opening 28 to avoid arcing to the charge concentration at said free end.
  • the truncated cone 40 at the entrance to gas exit tube 20 acts to deflect mid-stream particulates to the filter element 14 and avoids a free end being presented to electrode 16, again to avoid arcing.
  • the device 4 is substantially similar to that shown in Figure 2 except that the electrode 16 and gas exit tube 20 are positioned in a longitudinally different configuration.
  • a ceramic electrode mount 50 carries electrode 16 centrally therein.
  • the electrode mount 50 comprising a plurality of protrusions 52 along its length to minimise the risk of shorting out.
  • the electrode 16 is mounted at one end thereof only.
  • one or more of the devices shown can be used in series or parallel.
  • the overall size of the unit can be scaled to suit the application.
  • the device may be of use in many gas cleaning applications.
  • Devices according to the present invention need not remove all pollutants nor all or any one pollutant. Some pollutant concentrations may, indeed, remain unchanged.
  • the position of the gas exit tube cone 40 can vary along the interior of the filter element 14; the distance between the electrode 16 and the gas exit tube 20 may vary; the diameter and size of the filter 14 can vary in relation to the gas exit tube cone 40 size and position, the gas exit tube cone 40 angle of deflection, aperture and spread can vary; the gas exit tube 20 can vary in length and diameter; the gas re-entry hole 48 can vary in size and shape, and there may be several such gas re-entry holes provided; filter material 24 may vary in thickness and type; the filter opening 28 diameter may be equal to, greater than or smaller than the filter diameter.
  • the size of the device is much reduced.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'épuration des gaz (14) comportant une admission de gaz (6), une sortie du gaz (8) et un chemin de communication liquide (10) entre l'admission de gaz (6) et la sortie de gaz (8), des moyens d'ionisation (16) dans le chemin de communication liquide (10) pour ioniser des substances particulaires dans un jet de gaz et un corps électroniquement conducteur (26) au moins en partie autour des moyens d'ionisation (16) par lequel les substances particulaires ionisées sont sollicitées et dans lequel les moyens d'ionisation (16) se prolongent pour moins de la moitié de la longueur du corps électriquement conducteur (26).
PCT/GB2003/004729 2002-11-05 2003-11-04 Ameliorations portant sur des dispositifs d'epuration de gaz WO2004042204A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003283530A AU2003283530A1 (en) 2002-11-05 2003-11-04 Improvements in and relating to gas cleaning devices

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0225711.1A GB0225711D0 (en) 2002-11-05 2002-11-05 Improvements in and relating to gas cleaning devices
GB0225711.1 2002-11-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004042204A1 true WO2004042204A1 (fr) 2004-05-21

Family

ID=9947189

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2003/004729 WO2004042204A1 (fr) 2002-11-05 2003-11-04 Ameliorations portant sur des dispositifs d'epuration de gaz

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2003283530A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB0225711D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004042204A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2884858A1 (fr) * 2005-04-26 2006-10-27 Renault Sas Dispositif pour le filtrage et l'elimination des particules contenues dans des gaz d'echappement ameliorant la capture des particules

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0049454A2 (fr) * 1980-10-01 1982-04-14 Manfred R. Burger Dispositif de filtration électrostatique pour le nettoyage de gaz
JPS59103914A (ja) * 1982-12-04 1984-06-15 Minato Seiyaku Kk 自動車用エンジン排ガスの静電浄化装置
US4876852A (en) * 1987-04-03 1989-10-31 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Diesel internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas line system
GB2229117A (en) * 1989-02-10 1990-09-19 Sviluppo Materiali Spa "System for electrostatic removal of particulates from exhaust and flue gases"
WO1994002719A1 (fr) * 1992-07-15 1994-02-03 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procede et dispositif d'elimination de particules dans des gaz d'echappement de moteurs a combustion interne
US5837035A (en) * 1994-01-10 1998-11-17 Maxs Ag Method and apparatus for electrostatically precipitating impurities, such as suspended matter or the like, from a gas flow
EP0899014A1 (fr) * 1997-02-27 1999-03-03 Galaxy Yugen Kaisha Precipitateur et incinerateur electrostatiques
FR2822893A1 (fr) * 2001-03-29 2002-10-04 Renault Systeme de traitement des gaz d'echappement

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0049454A2 (fr) * 1980-10-01 1982-04-14 Manfred R. Burger Dispositif de filtration électrostatique pour le nettoyage de gaz
JPS59103914A (ja) * 1982-12-04 1984-06-15 Minato Seiyaku Kk 自動車用エンジン排ガスの静電浄化装置
US4876852A (en) * 1987-04-03 1989-10-31 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Diesel internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas line system
GB2229117A (en) * 1989-02-10 1990-09-19 Sviluppo Materiali Spa "System for electrostatic removal of particulates from exhaust and flue gases"
WO1994002719A1 (fr) * 1992-07-15 1994-02-03 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procede et dispositif d'elimination de particules dans des gaz d'echappement de moteurs a combustion interne
US5837035A (en) * 1994-01-10 1998-11-17 Maxs Ag Method and apparatus for electrostatically precipitating impurities, such as suspended matter or the like, from a gas flow
EP0899014A1 (fr) * 1997-02-27 1999-03-03 Galaxy Yugen Kaisha Precipitateur et incinerateur electrostatiques
FR2822893A1 (fr) * 2001-03-29 2002-10-04 Renault Systeme de traitement des gaz d'echappement

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 008, no. 220 (M - 330) 6 October 1984 (1984-10-06) *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2884858A1 (fr) * 2005-04-26 2006-10-27 Renault Sas Dispositif pour le filtrage et l'elimination des particules contenues dans des gaz d'echappement ameliorant la capture des particules

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0225711D0 (en) 2002-12-11
AU2003283530A1 (en) 2004-06-07

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