Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
  • B28B1/02—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by turning or jiggering in moulds or moulding surfaces on rotatable supports

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for manufacturing oval articles.
• oval pottery As typical oval articles, there is oval pottery.
• Conventional methods for forming such oval pottery include slip casting and press molding.
• Slip casting is a method of forming oval pottery by defimng a cavity suitable for the pottery through a combination of a plurality of molds and pouring clay into the cavity. This method has problems in that high quality pottery cannot be formed due to the low density of clay used.
• Press molding utilizes a die and a press punch. A shape corresponding to a lower (or upper) portion of oval pottery is defined in the die, and a shape corresponding to an upper (or lower) portion of oval pottery is defined in the lowering press punch.
• a rotary type of jigger enables manufacture of circular pottery and has advantages in that the strength of pottery can be increased and deformation thereof can be decreased by arranging particles of clay while applying pressure to the clay in a circumferential direction.
• a primary object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for manufacturing oval articles, more particularly, an apparatus and method for manufacturing oval articles using a tool for forming or shaping a workpiece while rotating the workpiece.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a jigger for forming oval pottery.
• a further object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for manufacturing oval articles, which can adjust the eccentricity (the degree of elongation) of the oval of each of the articles.
• a still further object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for manufacturing oval articles, which can adjust the size of the oval of each of the articles.
• a still further object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for manufacturing oval articles, which can also manufacture articles of various sizes taking the shape of a true circle.
• a still further object of the present invention is to provide a shaping roller, and an apparatus and method for forming articles using the shaping roller.
• an apparatus for manufacturing an article with at least a portion taking the shape of an oval, by forming or shaping a workpiece using relative movement between the workpiece and a tool comprising a workpiece support on which the workpiece is mounted; a revolution- rotation device having a revolution driving unit for causing the workpiece support to revolve around a first axis, and a rotation driving unit for causing the workpiece support to rotate about a second axis parallel to the first axis; and a tool rest for supporting the tool and maintaining the tool to be located at a predetermined position with respect to the first axis.
• the revolution-rotation device maintains the workpiece support such that a revolution direction thereof is identical to a rotation direction thereof and the ratio of the revolution speed to the rotation speed thereof is 2:1.
• the rotation driving unit of the revolution-rotation device comprises a fixed, revolution center shaft positioned on the first axis; a rotation center shaft positioned on the second axis and connected to the workpiece support; an intermediate shaft parallel to the revolution and rotation center shafts; a first link for connecting the revolution center shaft to the intermediate shaft; a second link for connecting the intermediate shaft to the rotation center shaft; a pair of gears secured to the revolution center shaft and the intermediate shaft, respectively, and engaged with each other; and a pair of gears secured to the intermediate shaft and the rotation center shaft, respectively, and engaged with each other.
• the revolution driving unit comprises a drum surrounding the rotation driving unit and rotating about the first axis; and a connection rod for connecting the rotation center shaft to the interior of the drum.
• the revolution driving unit comprises a drum surrounding the rotation driving unit and rotating about the first axis; and a linear feeder unit extending radially across the interior of the drum and intersecting the first and second axes, whereby the distance between the rotation and revolution center shafts can be adjusted.
• the linear feeder unit comprisessupport blocks fixed to the interior of the drum; a feeding block connected to the rotation center shaft; a lead screw extending between the both support blocks through the feeding block; and guide rods extending parallel to the lead screw and fixed to the support blocks through the feeding block.
• the revolution driving unit comprises a driving shaft rotatably mounted within the fixed, revolution center shaft; and a driving link for connecting the driving shaft to the rotation center shaft.
• the revolution driving unit comprises a revolution driving motor
• the rotation driving unit comprises a rotation driving motor.
• the apparatus for manufacturing oval articles is an apparatus for manufacturing oval pottery.
• the workpiece support may be a mold taking the shape conforming to a portion of the oval potter ⁇ '.
• the tool may be a shaping roller.
• the tool may be a shaping pallet.
• the apparatus for manufacturing oval articles can process wood or metal.
• the tool is a cutter for machining the wood or metal.
• a method of manufacturing an article with at least portion taking the shape of an oval comprising the steps of mounting a workpiece to be formed or processed on a workpiece support; causing the workpiece support to revolve around a first axis and to simultaneously rotate about a second axis; and positioning a tool at a predetermined distance from the first axis.
• the method further comprises the step of adjusting the distance between the first and second axes. Further, the method further comprises the step of adjusting the distance between the first axis and the tool.
• a method of manufacturing a circular or oval article by shaping for able material such as clay using a jigger comprising the steps of mounting a workpiece of the formable material on a mold; causing the mold to rotate about an axis of rotation; and positioning a shaping roller at a predetermined position with respect to the axis of rotation of the mold, the shaping roller rotating about another axis of rotation different from the axis of rotation of the mold.
• a jigger for manufacturing a circular or oval article by shaping a workpiece of formable material such as clay comprising a mold on which the workpiece of the formable material is mounted; a driving unit for causing the mold to rotate about an axis of rotation; and a shaping roller rotating about another axis of rotation different from the axis of rotation of the mold.
• a shaping roller mounted on a jigger to form a workpiece of formable material such as clay comprising a rotational shaft; and a circular body which is secured to the rotational shaft and has a circumferential surface to be brought into contact with the workpiece.
• FIG. 1 shows a plan view, a right side view and a front view of a piece of pottery to be manufactured using a jigger of an embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing oval articles according to the present invention, wherein the right side view and the front view are shown in partial section;
• FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a jigger of an embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing oval articles according to the present invention;
• FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a revolution-rotation device of the jigger shown in FIG. 2, wherein a drum is partially cut away;
• FIG. 4 is a front view of the revolution-rotation device of the jigger shown in FIG. 2, wherein the drum is shown in section;
• FIG. 5 is a plan view of the revolution-rotation device of the jigger shown in FIG. 2, wherein the drum is shown in section;
• FIGS. 6a to 6e are views explaining the principle of operations for shaping an oval using the revolution-rotation device of the jigger shown in FIG. 2;
• FIGS. 7a to 7c are views illustrating a relationship between the oval shape of an article to be formed and the distance between a revolution center shaft and a rotation center shaft of the revolution-rotation device of the jigger shown in FIG. 2;
• FIG. 8 is a view illustrating a relationship between the oval shape and the distance between the revolution center shaft of the revolution-rotation device and a tool of the jigger shown in FIG. 2;
• FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a revolution-rotation device with a different structure which is employed in a jigger according to another embodiment of the present invention.
• FIGS. 10a to lOi are views showing a variety of examples of tools for use in the apparatus for manufacturing oval articles according to the present invention. Detailed Description of the Embodiments
• FIG. 1 there is shown a piece of oval pottery to be formed using a jigger of an embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing oval articles according to the present invention.
• the oval pottery 10 is a general oval dish having a major axis Da that is twice as large as a minor axis Db, a low extended rim 12, a small thickness t and a bottom foot 14.
• the section of the oval pottery is hatched in the figure. Since the oval pottery 10 formed using the jigger is shrunk during subsequent drying and first and second firing processes, it is first formed to be slightly larger than the finished product.
• the jigger 20 comprises a support 22, a revolution-rotation device 24, a mold 26 and a tool rest 28.
• the support 22 comprises a base frame 30 made of steel, and a support cover 32 that covers the base frame and has enough strength to support the rotation of a drum to be described later.
• the support cover 32 is shown in section in FIG. 2.
• a driving motor 34 is mounted on the base frame 30.
• a driving device employed in the present invention is not limited to the driving motor.
• the driving motor 34 is equipped with reduction gears (or transmission gears) and also has a motor shaft 36 and a belt pulley 38 mounted on at a distal end thereof.
• the revolution-rotation device 24 receives driving force from the motor 36 and transmits the driving force to cause the mold 26 to revolve and rotate, as described later. Clay to be formed as a workpiece is put on the mold 26 and then formed into the oval pottery 10. In FIG. 2, the mold 26 and the oval pottery 10 as a workpiece put thereon are shown in section. Meanwhile, the jigger 20 also has the tool rest 28.
• the tool rest 28 comprises a lever support 42 fixed to the base frame 30, a rotatable lever 44 pivotably connected to the lever support 42, and a shaping roller 46 as a tool mounted on the bottom of the rotatable lever 44.
• the shaping roller 46 is mounted to rotate about its central axis.
• the shaping roller is preferably mounted such that the rotation axis of the shaping roller intersects a revolution center axis of the revolution-rotation device 24.
• a roller driving motor 47 is mounted on the lever 46 extending beyond a pivot point so that a shaft of the roller driving motor can be coupled to a shaft of the shaping roller 46 to rotate the shaping roller 46.
• the roller 46 is rotated and presses the clay as the workpiece to form the oval pottery.
• roller is rotated by the roller driving motor coupled to the center shaft of the roller at a speed that is several times as fast as the rotation speed of the mold, there are advantages in that the surface of the pottery becomes smooth and particles of the clay are arranged more uniformly and densely.
• the revolution-rotation device 24 generally comprises a revolution driving unit, a rotation driving unit and a linear feeder unit.
• the linear feeder unit also functions as a part of the revolution driving unit.
• the revolution driving unit has a drum 50.
• the drum 50 is connected to the pulley 38 through a belt 52 so that it can receive driving force from the motor 34 and then be rotated.
• the drum 50 is rotatably supported by an upper support bearing 54 mounted on the support cover 32.
• the drum is also rotatably supported by a lower support bearing 56 disposed between the drum and a fixed shaft to be described later (see FIG. 4).
• the rotation driving unit rotates the mold 26 coupled to a mold shaft using links and gears among three shafts.
• the revolution- rotation device 24 comprises the fixed shaft 58 serving as the revolution center shaft, an intermediate shaft 60, and a mold shaft 62 serving as the rotation center shaft, which are connected in parallel to one another through links.
• the fixed shaft 58 is fixed to the base frame 30 and positioned on the axis of rotation of the drum 50.
• the mold shaft 62 is coupled to the mold 26 and rotates while revolving around the fixed shaft 58.
• the fixed shaft 58 is connected to the intermediate shaft 60 through a first link 64.
• bearings are interposed between the first link 64 and the fixed shaft 58, and between the first link 64 and the intermediate shaft 60. Meanwhile, the intermediate shaft 60 is connected to the mold shaft 62 through a second link 66. Although not specifically shown in the figures, bearings are interposed between the second link 66 and the mold shaft 62, and between the second link 66 and the intermediate shaft 60. The second link 66 is disposed above the first link 64. Although it is described in this embodiment that the length of the first link 64 is identical to that of the second link 66, the present invention is not limited thereto.
• a fixed gear 68 is secured to the fixed shaft 58.
• a first intermediate gear 70 engaged with the fixed gear 68 is secured to the intermediate shaft 60.
• a second intermediate gear 72 is secured to the intermediate shaft 60 above the first intermediate gear 70.
• the second intermediate gear 72 is engaged with a rotation gear, i.e. a mold gear 74, fixed to the mold shaft 62.
• the length of the first intermediate link 64 is identical to that of the second intermediate link 66. That is, the distance between the fixed shaft 58 and the intermediate shaft 60 is identical to that between the intermediate shaft 60 and the mold shaft 62. Further, in this embodiment, the ratio of diameters of respective pitch circles of the fixed gear, first intermediate gear, second intermediate gear and mold gear is 1.5:1.5:1:2. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. The length of the links 70 and 72 and the ratio of the pitch circles of the gears may be changed. So far as the mold shaft 62 rotates once while the mold shaft 62 revolves twice around the fixed shaft 58, any combination of the ratios of the diameters of the pitch circles of the gears can be used.
• the revolution-rotation device 24 comprises a linear feeder unit 76 for linearly feeding the mold shaft 62 toward or away from the fixed shaft 58.
• the linear feeder unit 76 comprises support blocks 78 disposed at and fixed to both diametrical ends of the drum 50.
• a feeding block 80 is positioned between the support blocks 78.
• the mold shaft 62 extends through and is rotatably coupled to the feeding block 80 via a bearing.
• a lead screw 82 extends from one of the support blocks 78 to the other support block 78 through the feeding block 80.
• One end of the lead screw 82 protrudes beyond the support block 78, and a dial 84 that can be turned by hand is coupled to the end of the lead screw.
• the lead screw 82 is rotatably supported by the support blocks 78.
• the lead screw 82 cooperates with a feeding nut (not shown) provided within the feeding block 80 so that it can linearly move the feeding block 80 when the dial 84 is turned.
• a feeding nut (not shown) provided within the feeding block 80
• Guide rods 86 are provided on both sides of and parallel to the lead screw 82.
• the guide rods 86 are fixed to both the support blocks 78 while extending through the feeding block 80.
• the linear movement of the feeding block 80 is guided by the guide rods 86.
• the linear feeder unit 76 since the linear feeder unit 76 is fixed to the drum 50 and coupled to the mold shaft 62, it transmits the rotation of the drum 50 to the mold shaft 62 to simultaneously serve as a revolution link for causing the mold shaft 62 to revolve.
• the drum 50 that receives driving force from the motor 34 through the belt 52 rotates about the fixed shaft 58.
• the drum 50 in this embodiment is described as rotating in a clockwise direction as indicated by an arrow in FIG. 3, the present invention is not limited thereto.
• the rotation of the drum 50 rotates the linear feeder unit 76 as a whole and causes the mold shaft 62 and the intermediate shaft 60 connected thereto through the link to revolve around the fixed shaft 58.
• the first intermediate gear 70 revolves while being engaged with the fixed gear 68 and simultaneously rotates about the central axis of the intermediate shaft 60.
• the rotation of the first intermediate gear is transmitted to the intermediate shaft 60 and thence the mold gear 74 through the second intermediate gear 72.
• the rotation direction is identical to the revolution direction, and the rotation speed is half the revolution speed.
• the rotational shaft rotates once in the clockwise direction while it revolves once on the assumption that there is no medium between the rotational shaft and the centerline.
• FIGS. 6a to 6e show the process of
• FIG. 6a point S corresponds to an end of a major axis of an oval to be formed. Further, point R in FIG. 6a corresponds to an end of a minor axis of the oval to be formed by means of point S.
• TS l ⁇ represents the distance between point T and point S
• L represents the distance between the centerlines of the mold shaft and driving shaft (i.e. the distance between point P and point T)
• the circle represents a revolution orbit of the mold shaft.
• the oval to be formed is represented by a dashed line and a portion of the oval actually formed while the workpiece passes by point S that is one point of the tool is
• FIGS. 6b and 6c is shown for the purpose of comparison with the position of the oval in the absence of the gears 68, 70, 72 and 74 in this embodiment, and is not concerned directly with the present invention.
• the state shown in FIG. 6a is an example of a start position, wherein the tool S,
• the revolution center T and the center P of the mold shaft are positioned on the same line.
• the distance PS between the center of the mold shaft and the tool i.e. the sum of TS and L, is half of the major axis Da of the oval to be formed.
• the difference between TS and L is half of the minor axis Db of the oval to be formed.
• the major axis of the oval coincides with PS, whereas the minor axis is orthogonal to
• the state shown in FIG. 6b is a state where the mold shaft has revolved through 90 degrees along the revolution orbit. At this time, the workpiece has rotated through 45 degrees. Therefore, the major axis and minor axis of the oval to be formed intersects segment TS between the revolution center shaft and the tool at an angle of 45 degrees. A portion of the oval represented by the solid line has been formed while the mold shaft moves to the position shown in FIG. 6b.
• the state shown in FIG. 6c is a state where the mold shaft has revolved through 180 degrees along the revolution orbit. At this time, the workpiece has rotated through 90 degrees. Therefore, the major axis of the oval to be formed is orthogonal to segment TS between the revolution center shaft and the tool, whereas the minor axis thereof coincides with segment TS. A portion of the oval represented by the solid line has been formed while the mold shaft moves to the position shown in FIG. 6c.
• the state shown in FIG. 6d is a state where the mold shaft has revolved through an arbitrary angle within a range of 180 to 360 degrees along the revolution orbit. At this time, the workpiece has rotated by the half of the revolution angle. A portion of the oval represented by the solid line has been formed while the mold shaft moves to the position shown in FIG. 6d.
• the state shown in FIG. 6e is a state where the mold shaft has revolved through 360 degrees. At this time, the workpiece has rotated through 180 degrees. Therefore, the major axis of the oval to be formed coincides with segment TS between the revolution center shaft and the tool, whereas the minor axis thereof is orthogonal to segment TS. A portion of the oval represented by the solid line, i.e. half of the oval, has been formed while the mold shaft moves to the position shown in FIG. 6e.
• the major axis is twice as large as TS + L
• the minor axis is twice as large as TS - L. If TS is 16.5 and L is 1.5 as shown in FIG. 7a, the major axis Da is 36 and the minor axis Db is 30. If TS is 17.5 and L is 7.5 as shown in FIG. 7b, the major axis Da is 50 and the minor axis Db is 20.
• the contour of the oval can vary if the distance L between the revolution center T and the rotation center P is kept constant by fixing the revolution center T and the rotation center P and the distance TS between the revolution center and the tool varies by changing the position of the tool.
• TS1 17.5 and L is 2.5
• the major axis Dal 40
• the minor axis Dbl 30
• the major axis Da2 is 20
• the minor axis Db2 is 10. That is, it is possible to obtain ovals that have a constant difference between the major and minor axes thereof but different sizes and eccentricities.
• a revolution-rotation device 924 of a jigger according to another embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 9 generally comprises a revolution driving unit and a rotation driving unit. Even in this embodiment, the linear feeder unit also serves as a part of the revolution-rotation device as described later.
• the revolution driving unit has a central driving shaft 950, which receives rotational force from a motor, instead of the drum 50 contrary to the previous embodiment.
• the central driving shaft 950 penetrates through the center of a fixed shaft 958 with a bearing interposed therebetween.
• the revolution-rotation device 924 comprises the fixed shaft 958, an intermediate shaft 960 and the mold shaft 962, which are connected parallel to one another through the links.
• the fixed shaft 958 is secured to the frame.
• the mold shaft 962 is coupled to the mold and rotates while revolving around the fixed shaft 958.
• the fixed shaft 958 is connected to the intermediate shaft 960 through a first link 964. Bearings are interposed between the first link 64 and the central driving shaft 950, and between the first link 964 and the intermediate shaft 960.
• the intermediate shaft 960 is connected to the mold shaft 962 through a second link 966. Although not specifically shown in the figure, bearings are interposed between the second link 966 and the mold shaft 962, and between the first link 964 and the intermediate shaft 960.
• the second link 966 is disposed above the first link 964.
• a fixed gear 968 is secured to the fixed shaft 958.
• a first intermediate gear 970 engaged with the fixed gear 968 is secured to the intermediate shaft 960.
• a second intermediate gear 972 is secured to the intermediate shaft 960 above the first intermediate gear 970.
• the second intermediate gear 972 is engaged with a rotation gear, i.e. a mold gear 974, fixed to the mold shaft
• the length of the first intermediate link 964 is identical to that of the second intermediate link 966. That is, the distance between the fixed shaft 958 and the intermediate shaft 960 is identical to that between the intermediate shaft 960 and the mold shaft 962. Further, in this embodiment, the ratio of diameters of respective pitch circles of the fixed gear, first intermediate gear, second intermediate gear and mold gear is 1:2:1.5:1.5.
• the revolution driving unit of the revolution-rotation device 924 comprises a revolution driving link 976 and a link holder 978, which rotate by means of the rotation of the central driving shaft 950.
• the link holder 978 is secured to the driving shaft 950.
• the mold shaft 962 is fixed to the driving link 976.
• An upper portion of the link holder 978 is formed with a hole through which the driving link 976 extends.
• the driving link 976 is stationary with respect to the link holder 978 in operation.
• the driving link 976 (eventually, mold shaft 962) may be released from the stationary state ⁇ and linearly moved through the hole of the holder 978, if necessary.
• fixation and release of the driving link may be performed using a fixing setscrew. It is possible to change the distance between the center of the driving shaft 950 as the revolution center and the center of the mold shaft 962 as the rotation center by moving the driving link 976 with respect to the
• first intermediate link 964 and the driving shaft 950, and the link holder 978 and the driving shaft 950 can also be coupled to each other, respectively, by means of releasable fixing setscrews.
• the link holder 978 and l ⁇ the driving link 976 rotate to cause the mold shaft 962 to revolve.
• the intermediate shaft 960 connected thereto through the links 964 and 966 also revolve.
• the first intermediate gear 970 revolves while being engaged with the fixed gear 968 and simultaneously rotates about the intermediate shaft 960. The rotation of the first intermediate gear is transmitted to the intermediate shaft 960 and thence the mold gear
• FIGS. 10a to lOi there are shown a variety of examples of tools for use in the apparatus for manufacturing oval articles according to the present
• FIGS. 10a and 10b are a perspective view and a sectional view taken along a plane extending radially from the axis of rotation of the shaping roller 46 shown in FIG. 2, respectively.
• the roller 46 has a central shaft 88 and a circular body 90 provided thereon.
• the circular body 90 is configured in such a manner that two circular truncated cones are axiaily arranged such that their diameters are decreased toward the center of the circular body, i.e. their apexes face each other.
• a groove 92 is provided between the two circular truncated cones.
• the bottom foot of oval pottery is formed by the groove 92.
• An angle defined by slopes of the two circular truncated cones is an angle made between the bottom and the extended rim of the oval pottery.
• FIGS. 10a and 10b merely show an example of the shaping roller according to
• the present invention is not limited thereto.
• the shaping roller there may be a shaping roller in which two circular truncated cones are bonded to each other such that their bottoms are bonded to each other (see FIG. 10c), and a shaping roller in which a cylinder and a circular truncated cone are connected to each other (see FIG. lOd).
• a contour (a line defined by the surface of the roller) obtained by cutting the roller through a plane extending radially from the axis of rotation of the roller is a straight line (see FIGS. 10b, 10c and lOd).
• the contour may be a concave curve (see FIG. lOe), a convex curve (see FIG. lOf), or a combination of a straight line and a curve.
• the examples of the shaping roller may l ⁇ also be used for manufacture of circular pottery in conventional jiggers, in addition to the manufacture of oval pottery in the jigger according to the present invention.
• FIG. lOg shows forming a piece of pottery 10 using a shaping pallet 46a.
• the pallet is formed to conform to the shapes of the bottom, foot and extended rim of the pottery.
• FIG. lOh shows a shaping pallet 46b for shaping the interior of the pottery 10.
• the shaping pallet 46b is formed to conform to the shapes of the inner bottom and extended rim of the pottery.
• FIG. lOi shows an example in which a workpiece lOd such as metal or wood is machined into an oval by using a bite 46d.
• the workpiece lOd is driven by such a revolution-rotation device described in the previous embodiments and the bite 46d is
• Such an oval may be obtained by means of machining using cutting tools such as milling cutters, or grinding tools such as grindstones, in addition to the bite 46d.
• FIG. lOi also falls within the scope of the present invention.
• clay is employed as the workpiece and then formed by the jigger in the embodiments, it is possible to form pottery out of a workpiece of other formable materials such as rubber clay or flour dough with a certain degree of plasticity, in addition to clay.
• the ratio of the revolution speed to the rotation speed is adjusted to 2:1 using mechanical power transmission elements.
• Other types of revolution-rotation devices may be considered.
• a revolution driving motor and a rotation driving motor may be separately provided in other embodiments. That is, the revolution driving motor causes the mold shaft to revolve, whereas the rotation driving motor causes the mold shaft to rotate. At this time, the rotation driving motor generates driving force for causing the mold shaft to rotate in a direction opposite to the revolution direction at a speed that is half the revolution speed. Then, the mold shaft eventually rotates in the revolution direction at a speed that is half the revolution speed, by means of the rotation spontaneously generated due to the revolution, and the rotation generated by the rotation driving motor.
• an apparatus for manufacturing articles which are oval as a whole or in part For example, an apparatus for forming oval pottery, i.e. a jigger, is provided. Upon use of such a jigger according to prevent invention, it is possible to manufacture oval pottery having high quality with which general circular pottery manufactured by using a conventional jigger may provide.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
• Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
• Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)

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• 2003
  • 2003-09-17 AU AU2003263619A patent/AU2003263619A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-09-17 CN CNA038225131A patent/CN1684805A/zh active Pending
  • 2003-09-17 EP EP03797736A patent/EP1549469A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-09-17 JP JP2004538035A patent/JP2006500246A/ja active Pending
  • 2003-09-17 KR KR1020030064544A patent/KR100572021B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2003-09-17 WO PCT/KR2003/001896 patent/WO2004026549A1/en active Application Filing

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