WO2004013873A1 - 希土類−鉄−ボロン系磁石の製造方法 - Google Patents
希土類−鉄−ボロン系磁石の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004013873A1 WO2004013873A1 PCT/JP2003/009916 JP0309916W WO2004013873A1 WO 2004013873 A1 WO2004013873 A1 WO 2004013873A1 JP 0309916 W JP0309916 W JP 0309916W WO 2004013873 A1 WO2004013873 A1 WO 2004013873A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- raw material
- alloy
- plastic deformation
- magnet
- shear
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/001—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion to improve the material properties, e.g. lateral extrusion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0433—Nickel- or cobalt-based alloys
- C22C1/0441—Alloys based on intermetallic compounds of the type rare earth - Co, Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a rare earth-iron-boron permanent magnet or a bonded magnet such as a rare earth metal, iron and boron as essential components.
- Rare earth-iron-boron permanent magnets are mainly manufactured by the sintering method.
- the firing method is a method of manufacturing a magnet raw material alloy obtained by melting, forming, and pulverizing a raw material by a vacuum melting method, by performing magnetic field forming, sintering, and aging treatment.
- each powder is pulverized so as not to have a crystal grain boundary and oriented in a magnetic field.
- it is ideal to minimize the diameter of the crystal rice after sintering.
- SW theory Sharp-Wolferth theory
- it is ideal to reduce the crystal grain size to a single magnetic domain grain size.
- a surfactant is generally widely used.
- the sintering is performed by heating the molded body at a temperature of approximately 1000 to 100 L. After aging treatment, if necessary, the magnet is manufactured.
- the particles are merely ground to an average particle size of 3 to 5; zm. At present, some degree of oxidation cannot be avoided even if such acid prevention is performed, and an acid component as an alloy component is generated during sintering.
- oxygen Power S 1500ppm or more contains about 300ppm of carbon.
- the sintering method although a compact is prepared in consideration of the shrinkage ratio due to sintering, machining is ultimately required, and the yield is reduced particularly when the shape is small or thin.
- the sintering method requires a long process as a whole, which makes it difficult to stabilize product quality and lowers the yield.
- the crystal axis is oriented in a specific direction by performing hot working, and the magnetic properties are improved by anisotropically shaping.
- the processing by rolling and extrusion the conclusion is that the grains are not refined and the holding power is not sufficiently improved.
- the amount of added R must be increased in order to orient the crystal axes of the main phase crystal grains, and as a result, the nonmagnetic phase increases in calorie.
- the R-rich phase which has become a liquid phase during processing, leaks to the outside, making it difficult to purify, making it unsuitable for industrial production.
- the crystal axes of the main phase grains are not sufficiently oriented, and sufficient magnetic properties cannot be obtained.
- the shape is different before and after the working, so that it is difficult to perform a plurality of workings, and the shape after the working is limited.
- the method using the hot working is actually used only for the production of special magnets such as large radial ring magnets.
- An object of the present invention is to use a rare-earth-iron-polycarbon permanent magnet with excellent magnet properties without a complicated process by utilizing shear plastic deformation, which has not been conventionally employed in the production of magnet alloys. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a magnet that can easily obtain a magnet or a bonded magnet.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies on the relationship between the processing technology of rare-earth iron-polon-based magnet raw material alloys and the magnetic properties of the obtained permanent magnets.
- By performing a simple process of shearing plastic deformation of the steel it is possible to reduce the size of the crystal grains and improve the efficiency in a specific direction more efficiently than conventional hot working such as sintering, rolling, or extrusion.
- the present inventors have found that it is possible to perform a high degree of orientation of crystal axes and to easily obtain a permanent magnet or a bond magnet having excellent magnetic properties, and completed the present invention.
- R composed of at least one of rare earth metal elements including yttrium is 11.3 to: 16.5 at%, boron is 4.7 to 7.4 at%, and the balance is composed of iron and the remaining M.
- a method for producing a rare earth-iron-boron permanent magnet including a step (A) of forming a magnet material alloy and a step (B) of shearing and plastically deforming the magnet material alloy is performed.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory schematic diagram for explaining shear plastic deformation performed in an example.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory schematic diagram for explaining plastic deformation performed in Comparative Examples 1 to 6.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory schematic diagram for explaining another plastic deformation performed in Comparative Examples 7 to 12.
- R consisting of at least one rare earth metal element containing yttrium is 11.3 to 16.5 at%, boron is 47 to 7.4 at%, and iron is The step (A) of transferring a magnet raw material alloy having a composition consisting of the remainder M including the above (hereinafter referred to as the raw material alloy (a)) is performed.
- R constituting the raw material alloy (a) is not particularly limited as long as it is a rare earth metal element containing yttrium, and is preferably lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, yttrium, dysprosium, or a mixture of two or more of these.
- the RJ content is less than 11.3 atomic%, the amount of liquid phase required for densification of the alloy is insufficient and the magnetic properties are reduced.
- it exceeds 16.5 atomic% the ratio of the R-rich phase in the alloy is: And the corrosion resistance decreases.
- the volume fraction of the main phase necessarily decreases, so that the residual magnetic flux density Br decreases.
- the content ratio of iron in the balance M containing iron is preferably at least 60 atomic%, particularly preferably 70 to 84 atomic% in the raw material alloy (a).
- the remainder M may contain, in addition to iron, at least one selected from the group consisting of a transition element, silicon, and carbon, and further includes unavoidable impurities in industrial production such as oxygen and nitrogen. May be included.
- transition metal element other than iron examples include titanium, nickel, vanadium, covanolate, anoremium, chromium, manganese, dinolecodium, phenol, niobium, magnesium, copper, tin, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, Ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gallium, or two or more of these.
- the balance is titanium, nickele, vanadium, chromium, mangan, zinoleconium, nose, funium, two-year-old, molybdenum, tantanore, tungsten, noredium, rhodium, palladium, rhenium, osmium, iridium and platinum.
- recrystallization is induced from the precipitates of these elements when shear plastic deformation described later is performed, and the miniaturization is promoted.
- the content of ⁇ which contains these elements that induce recrystallization and promotes miniaturization, is preferably 0.005 to 1.00 atomic% in the raw alloy (a). If it is less than 0.005 at%, the amount of precipitation is small and the effect is not sufficient. If it exceeds 1.00 at%, the magnetic properties are adversely affected, which is not preferable.
- the raw material alloy (a) for example, a ribbon made of amorphous or fine crystal grains manufactured under ultra-quenching conditions such as a lump, a melt spun or the like formed by a molding method, or a plate-like crystal yarn manufactured by a strip casting method Examples thereof include a thin ribbon having woven fabric, a powder obtained by pulverizing them, and a compact obtained by compacting them.
- a step (B) of subjecting the raw material alloy (a) to shear plastic deformation is performed.
- shear plastic deformation refers to a passage that is bent at an angle of more than 0 ° and less than 180 ° so as to apply a strong strain to the raw material alloy (a) along a constant shear plane. This means that the raw material alloy (a) is extruded and deformed.
- the alloy obtained by shear plastic deformation of the raw material alloy (a) and the alloy before magnetization may be referred to as a shear plastic deformation alloy.
- Figure 1 Deformation processing.
- the shear plastic deformation includes a process in which the cross-sectional area decreases in the direction in which the raw material alloy (a) is extruded.
- the cross-sectional area becomes extremely small before and after processing, the compressive stress from the mold wall increases, and the above-mentioned effects due to the shearing force cannot be sufficiently obtained.
- Such a shear plastic deformation method includes, for example, the ECAP method (also referred to as ECAE method) proposed by Segal et al.
- a large amount of shear plastic deformation having a strain amount corresponding to elongation of 200% or more, preferably 10,000% or more can be applied to the raw material alloy (a).
- the angle is preferably 60 to 120 °. If the angle is less than 60 °, the deformation resistance is large and processing may be difficult. If the angle is more than 120 °, the amount of strain is small and the above-mentioned effects tend not to be sufficiently obtained.
- the raw material alloy (a) is usually used at a temperature of 5O0 to 12O0C, preferably 800 to 1150C. C, more preferably in the temperature range of 850 to 1100 ° C. If the temperature is lower than 500 ° C, the deformation resistance is large and uniform deformation is difficult, and the alloy is easily broken or cracked, which is not preferable. That ’s why it ’s good. The orientation of the crystal axis and the refinement of the crystal grains become more remarkable as the temperature is lower. The deformation resistance increases and the workability deteriorates. Therefore, the optimum temperature is appropriately determined based on a balance between these two factors. be able to.
- the shear plastic deformation can be performed a plurality of times. Although the orientation of the crystal axis increases due to shear plastic deformation, the orientation of the crystal axis can be further increased by repeating the deformation while keeping the shear direction constant. Further, it is preferable that the shear plastic deformation is performed after the magnet raw material alloy in the step (A) is prepared by manufacturing, and subsequently in the manufacturing atmosphere following the manufacturing. For example, in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, shear plastic deformation is performed before the alloy produced by the molding method is cooled to room temperature. By continuously performing the steps (A) to (B) in this manner, the efficiency is improved, the contact with the atmosphere can be reduced most, and the residual heat after cooling of the manufactured raw material alloy (a) is used.
- the alloy thin ribbon or the alloy powder is compressed and compacted before the step (B).
- (A-1) may be performed.
- the consolidation can be performed by, for example, a method of compressing the ribbon or powder at a pressure of 50 to 200 MPa while preferably heating the ribbon or powder to 600 to 1000 ° C.
- the heat treatment can be performed before, after, or both before and after the shear plastic deformation.
- the heat treatment can be performed independently by heating at least one of the magnet raw material alloy and the shear plastic deformation alloy at 500 to 1150 ° C, particularly 500 to 1000 ° C, and each heat treatment time is 0.5 to 10 ° C. Time is preferred.
- the shear plastically deformable alloy obtained in the step (B) can be made into a desired permanent magnet by applying a magnetic field by a known method or the like.
- a step (C) of pulverizing the shear plastically deformed alloy obtained in step (B) and a step of solidifying the obtained powder with a binder to obtain a bonded magnet ( D) can be further performed.
- step (C) hydrogen pulverization is performed by hydrogenating a shear-plastically deformed alloy in a temperature range from room temperature to 600 ° C, introducing a large number of fine microcracks into the alloy, and then performing dehydrogenation. It can be carried out by appropriately performing mechanical milling and the like, and a powder having a high coercive force can be obtained.
- the powder prepared in the step (C) is kneaded with a binder in accordance with a known method for producing a pound magnet, and molded to obtain a bonded magnet.
- the binder to be used can be appropriately selected according to the type of the pound magnet.
- a metal or an alloy can be used in addition to a thermoplastic resin and a thermosetting resin.
- a desired permanent magnet can be obtained by applying a magnetic field during the above-mentioned growth or after molding by a known method.
- the alloy is melted by high-frequency heating so that the molten alloy becomes uniform, so that the alloy composition becomes the composition ( ⁇ ) shown in Table 1.
- a piece was prepared by a strip casting method in which molten metal was poured onto a water-cooled single roll made of copper. The thickness, long axis particle diameter and short axis particle diameter of the obtained pieces were measured. The thickness of the pieces was measured by measuring the thickness of 50 pieces with a micrometer and the average value was obtained. The average length of the major axis and minor axis of 50 main phase crystal grains randomly selected by observing the section in the thickness direction of the piece with an optical microscope It is. Table 2 shows the results.
- the obtained piece was put into a ⁇ 30 die and hot pressed at 900 ° C for 2 hours at a molding pressure of 100MPa to consolidate.
- the resulting compact 10 was supplied to a die 13 by a press 11 as shown in FIG.
- the cross-sectional areas of the compact 10 before and after shear plastic deformation are both ⁇ 30, and the traveling direction of the compact 10 is bent 90 ° before and after shear plastic deformation.
- the container was preheated to 600 ° C.
- the same shear plastic deformation was repeated four times while keeping the shear direction constant.
- the obtained shear-plastically deformed alloy was heat-treated at 550 ° C for 2 hours.
- the obtained shear plastically deformed alloy was magnetized using a direct current magnetometer with an applied magnetic field of 25 kOe to form a permanent magnet, and the magnetic properties were measured. Table 3 shows the results.
- the raw materials are blended and melted so that the alloy composition becomes the composition (C) shown in Table 1, and a ⁇ 30 copper 2003/009916
- a magnet raw material alloy was produced by a metal mold.
- the obtained magnet raw material alloy was heat-treated at 1100 ° C. for 20 hours and homogenized.
- the heat-treated magnet raw material alloy was observed for cross-section yarn and texture by EPMA image and the circle equivalent diameter of each crystal grain was measured.
- the circle equivalent diameter was measured for 20 crystal grains at random, and the average crystal grain size was found to be 142 m.
- the homogenized magnet base metal was subjected to shear plastic deformation and heat treatment in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce a shear plastic deformable alloy.
- the obtained shear-plastically deformed alloy was magnetized in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a permanent magnet, and the magnetic properties were measured. Table 3 shows the results.
- Raw materials were blended and melted so that the alloy composition had the composition (C) shown in Table 1, and a piece was prepared by a melt-span method using a copper water-cooled single roll. The obtained piece was measured by an X-ray diffractometer and found to be amorphous. Next, the thickness of 50 pieces was measured with a micrometer, and the average value was found to be 35 m.
- a shear plastic deformation alloy was produced from the obtained piece in the same manner as in Example 1. The obtained shear plastically deformed alloy was magnetized in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a permanent magnet, and the magnetic properties were measured. Table 3 shows the results.
- a shear plastic deformation alloy was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the shear plastic deformation was performed twice.
- the obtained shear plastic deformation alloy was magnetized in the same manner as in Example 1 to form a permanent magnet, and the magnetic properties were measured. Table 3 shows the results.
- a consolidated body 10 of a composite piece was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 using alloy seas having the compositions (A) to (F) shown in Table 1.
- the obtained compact 10 was plastically deformed by using a press 21 as shown in FIG. 2 and a die 23 of ⁇ 15 designed with an extrusion ratio ⁇ . At this time, the container was preheated to 600 ° C.
- the obtained plastically deformed alloy was magnetized in the same manner as in Example 1 to form a permanent magnet, and the magnetic properties were measured. Table 3 shows the results.
- composition (B) 17.0 78.0 5.0
- composition (D) 17.0 78.0 5.0
- composition (B) 0.33 74 5.5
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004525837A JPWO2004013873A1 (ja) | 2002-08-05 | 2003-08-05 | 希土類−鉄−ボロン系磁石の製造方法 |
AU2003254806A AU2003254806A1 (en) | 2002-08-05 | 2003-08-05 | Process for producing rare earth-iron-boron magnet |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2002-227327 | 2002-08-05 | ||
JP2002227327 | 2002-08-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004013873A1 true WO2004013873A1 (ja) | 2004-02-12 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2003/009916 WO2004013873A1 (ja) | 2002-08-05 | 2003-08-05 | 希土類−鉄−ボロン系磁石の製造方法 |
Country Status (3)
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JP (1) | JPWO2004013873A1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003254806A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004013873A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106011514A (zh) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-10-12 | 山东建筑大学 | 45°拐角等通道反复挤压制备超高强度钛基复合材料的方法 |
JP2018522400A (ja) * | 2015-05-20 | 2018-08-09 | ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツングRobert Bosch Gmbh | プリフォームで永久磁石を形成するための金型および方法、並びに、熱変形システム |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2015123463A (ja) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 前方押出し鍛造装置と前方押出し鍛造方法 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09137244A (ja) * | 1995-09-14 | 1997-05-27 | Kenji Azuma | アルミニウム合金の押出加工法及びそれにより得られる高強度、高靭性のアルミニウム合金材料 |
JPH10135020A (ja) * | 1997-09-17 | 1998-05-22 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | ラジアル異方性ボンド磁石 |
JP2001234239A (ja) * | 2000-02-25 | 2001-08-28 | National Institute For Materials Science | 超微細粒フェライト組織鋼の製造方法 |
JP2001262224A (ja) * | 2000-03-14 | 2001-09-26 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | 金属板材の連続せん断変形加工方法および該方法のための装置 |
-
2003
- 2003-08-05 WO PCT/JP2003/009916 patent/WO2004013873A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2003-08-05 JP JP2004525837A patent/JPWO2004013873A1/ja active Pending
- 2003-08-05 AU AU2003254806A patent/AU2003254806A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09137244A (ja) * | 1995-09-14 | 1997-05-27 | Kenji Azuma | アルミニウム合金の押出加工法及びそれにより得られる高強度、高靭性のアルミニウム合金材料 |
JPH10135020A (ja) * | 1997-09-17 | 1998-05-22 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | ラジアル異方性ボンド磁石 |
JP2001234239A (ja) * | 2000-02-25 | 2001-08-28 | National Institute For Materials Science | 超微細粒フェライト組織鋼の製造方法 |
JP2001262224A (ja) * | 2000-03-14 | 2001-09-26 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | 金属板材の連続せん断変形加工方法および該方法のための装置 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2018522400A (ja) * | 2015-05-20 | 2018-08-09 | ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツングRobert Bosch Gmbh | プリフォームで永久磁石を形成するための金型および方法、並びに、熱変形システム |
CN106011514A (zh) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-10-12 | 山东建筑大学 | 45°拐角等通道反复挤压制备超高强度钛基复合材料的方法 |
CN106011514B (zh) * | 2016-06-21 | 2017-12-12 | 山东建筑大学 | 45°拐角等通道反复挤压制备超高强度钛基复合材料的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2003254806A1 (en) | 2004-02-23 |
JPWO2004013873A1 (ja) | 2006-09-21 |
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