WO2003070865A1 - Procede de production de bougies a base d'huiles ou de graisses vegetales ou animales - Google Patents

Procede de production de bougies a base d'huiles ou de graisses vegetales ou animales Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003070865A1
WO2003070865A1 PCT/EP2003/001773 EP0301773W WO03070865A1 WO 2003070865 A1 WO2003070865 A1 WO 2003070865A1 EP 0301773 W EP0301773 W EP 0301773W WO 03070865 A1 WO03070865 A1 WO 03070865A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
starting material
fats
oils
crystalline
conveyor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2003/001773
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dieter Tischendorf
Original Assignee
Dieter Tischendorf
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dieter Tischendorf filed Critical Dieter Tischendorf
Priority to DE50305176T priority Critical patent/DE50305176D1/de
Priority to US10/503,593 priority patent/US7601184B2/en
Priority to EP03742567A priority patent/EP1476528B1/fr
Publication of WO2003070865A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003070865A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C5/00—Candles
    • C11C5/02—Apparatus for preparation thereof
    • C11C5/021—Apparatus for preparation thereof by compressing solid materials in a mould without heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B15/00—Solidifying fatty oils, fats, or waxes by physical processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C5/00—Candles
    • C11C5/002—Ingredients

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing candles, consisting of a starting material which at least partially contains fats and / or oils and to which additives, such as dyes, are optionally added, the starting material being in a liquid phase on a cooling medium, for example on a Roll cooler or in a spray tower, sprayed and transferred into a solid phase and then pressed in a pressing process to a compact.
  • a cooling medium for example on a Roll cooler or in a spray tower
  • the starting material contains, for example, 50% hardened palm oil and 50% paraffin.
  • the constituents are first mixed together in liquid form, then the substance is cooled with a high temperature gradient so that segregation of the constituents no longer occurs, the solidified mass then being processed into candles in the pressing process.
  • the scraped-off parts in the form of paraffin-fat conglomerate fall onto the vibrating plate, on which, owing to their consistency, they are difficult or impossible to transport.
  • the vibrating speed must also be increased so that the vibrating plate and the drive mechanism are subject to increased wear.
  • a fuel for a candle which consists of vegetable oils or fats, with this starting material flame-coloring substances such as strontium, copper, barium, sodium or the like being added.
  • the raw material can consist of 80% rapeseed oil and 20% sunflower oil.
  • DE 42 42 509 AI relates to a grave and sacrificial light from a vessel filled with fuel and a wick located therein. So that this grave and sacrificial light can be disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner, it is provided that the vessel is made of a biodegradable substance with a fire retardant additive.
  • the fuel or the raw material itself is made from natural fats / oils, with the wick made of cotton.
  • a solid pressed from granulate is provided, whereby the granulate can consist of a combination of vegetable and / or animal oils / fats, such as fish oil, rape oil and palm fat.
  • composition should be chosen so that the firing properties are as good as possible and, moreover, the mechanical properties of the granules are favorable with regard to elasticity and plasticity for the subsequent pressing process.
  • a method for producing the granules with the specified properties nothing can be found in this prior art.
  • DE-AS 11 91 507 discloses a process for the production of oil candles in which vegetable oils, which are subjected to a hardening process and are optionally mixed with other vegetable oils, are used as the starting material for the candle.
  • vegetable oils are used, of which about 80% are hydrogenated and about 20% are liquid.
  • soybean, corn, peanut, cottonseed, sesame or palm oil are processed.
  • This starting material is melted and mixed and then poured into a container by means of a metering machine. It is therefore provided that the candle mass is filled in only up to 8/10 or 9/10 of the height of the container in a first operation and the rest of the candle mass is added after the starting material has solidified.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method for producing candles or thermal storage material, in which the use of paraffins or stearins can be dispensed with, the candles can be manufactured with high process reliability in the pressing process.
  • the starting material contains only oils and / or fats
  • the oils and / or fats are hardened and in the cooling medium in an essentially homogeneous, crystalline, preferably coarsely crystalline, Structure to be transferred.
  • the starting material on the cooling medium is converted into an essentially homogeneous, crystalline, preferably coarse-crystalline, structure ensures that this starting material can be processed very easily and without problems in the spraying / pressing process, since adhesions on the Roller coolers and the occurrence of fat conglomerates or fat clumps in the further transport routes are avoided.
  • the optionally cleaned oils and / or fats are refined, preferably in the range from crude to fully refined and / or preferably differently hardened, and an iodine number of approx. ⁇ 1 to about ⁇ 10.
  • the melting point of the starting material is advantageously in the range from approximately 40 ° C. to approximately 80 ° C., preferably between approximately 44 ° C. and 68 ° C.
  • the starting material contains a mixture of substances from a single class of substances, for example oils or fats, as a result of which a later separation during the production process has been effectively counteracted.
  • the starting material is a substance or mixture of substances, which is a vegetable or animal oil or fat, also called renewable raw materials, and can be natural from the group of soybean oil, palm oil, palm kernel fat, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil or the like , vegetable fats or oils, animal fats or oils such as fish oil or the like can be selected.
  • the starting material is prepared and made available so that it has a steep enamel shoulder.
  • the starting material with the cooling medium in particular the roller cooler, is converted into a dry, crystalline structure which is absorbent and compressible.
  • the starting material is kept or transferred in the liquid phase in a heated tank in the temperature range from about 65 ° C to about 85 ° C and optionally circulated by means of an agitator and via a preferably heated line by means of a metering pump or the like is supplied to a premelting basin.
  • One or more additives are advantageously added to the starting material in the premelting basin by means of an addition device.
  • a dye or, for example, palm kernel fat in a ratio of 1% to 50% can be added to the starting material in the liquid phase in the premelting basin, which can improve the adhesive strength of the later compact.
  • the starting material is sprayed from the premelting basin at a spray temperature in the range from approximately 64 ° C. to 80 ° C. with overpressure onto the cooling medium, in particular the roller cooler.
  • the cooling medium, in particular the roller cooler is advantageously kept at a temperature in the range from approximately 4 ° C. to approximately 12 ° C. by means of a cooling device.
  • the roller cooler has a rotational speed of approximately 4 to 12 revolutions / minute with a diameter of the roller of approximately 1.5 m.
  • the starting material in the crystalline, cooled state is transported from the cooling medium to a material collecting container by means of a vibrating plate or the like and is conveyed from the collecting container to a pressing device by means of a conveying device.
  • the conveying device can be designed as a gravity conveyor, in which case the pressing device is arranged below the collecting container and the crystalline, cooled starting material, which is present as granules, passes from the collecting container into the pressing device under the effect of gravity.
  • the conveying device alternatively as a vacuum conveyor, in which case the cooled, crystalline starting material, which is present in the form of granules, is conveyed to the pressing device with the aid of negative pressure. It is advantageous to operate the vacuum conveyor with a vacuum range from 0.5 bar to 4 bar.
  • a screw conveyor for example in the form of an Archimedes screw, can also be used.
  • the pressing device processes the crystalline starting material, preferably at pressures in the range from approximately 80 bar to approximately 150 bar, into compacts.
  • the invention also relates to a paraffin-stearin-free candle, produced by the spraying / pressing process and, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, consisting of a starting material which contains exclusively vegetable or animal fats or oils and optionally a dye, the candle being used as a tea light , Burner, pillar, household or pointed candle.
  • the starting material for the candle is produced in accordance with one or more of the aforementioned process steps, it being possible for the renewable animal or vegetable substances already mentioned to be used on their own or in a mixture.
  • the wick has a very short afterglow phase and is preferably 20 to 24 threads. This measure essentially prevents oxidation products, which may be odors in the starting materials described.
  • the single figure shows a schematic representation of an apparatus for performing the method according to the invention.
  • the starting material is converted into the liquid phase in a tank 14 with a heating device 28 or, in the event that the material already reaches the tank 14 in liquid form, is kept in the liquid phase and optionally mixed with a stirrer.
  • the starting material in the liquid phase is fed to a metering pump 20 via a line 18, which may be heated by means of a heating device 30, and enters a premelting basin 22.
  • an additive for example a dye or another oil or fat, can be added to the liquid starting material located in the premelting tank 22.
  • the starting material, to which additives may have been added, is sprayed from the premelting basin 22 by means of a spray device onto a cooling medium 10, which in the present exemplary embodiment is designed as a roller cooler 12. It is understood that the cooling medium 10 can also be a spray tower, for example.
  • the solidified starting material is transferred into a collecting container by means of a vibrating plate 32.
  • the starting material is conveyed from this collecting container in the form of a cooled, coarsely crystalline granulate by means of a conveying device 34 to a pressing device 36.
  • the conveying device 34 can be designed as a vacuum conveyor 40, in which case the starting material is conveyed to the pressing device 36 via lines under vacuum.
  • the lines of the vacuum conveyor 40 as well as the cooling medium 10 or the roller cooler 12 can be cooled by means of a cooling device 26.
  • the conveying device 34 can, as shown in dashed lines in the lower section of FIG. 1, be designed as a gravity conveyor 38, in which case the starting material is conveyed from the collecting container 44 under the action of gravity via a line to the pressing device 36 or an inlet-side collecting container.
  • the pressing device 36 Pickling device and further processing devices and finally a packaging device 42.
  • the starting materials used are, for example, homogeneous, high-melting crude hardening or fully refind fractions of vegetable or animal fats or oils with a minimization of the otherwise usual melting shoulder, for example 1 to 10% palm kernel fat being used to improve the adhesive strength of the compact.
  • the melting temperature can range from 42 ° C to approx. 72 ° C.
  • the pressing temperatures and the pressing pressures as well as the running speed of the press can be varied accordingly.
  • the press rams can also be prepared accordingly and the threading speed can be adjusted during the canning process. With regard to the roller cooler, the speed can be slowed down or remain the same compared to conventional raw materials.
  • rapeseed and palm oils are used with a melting point of 44 ° C to 68 ° C, sometimes 80 ° C from crude to full raffinate and the respective degrees of hardening.
  • the material is processed via refining and hydrogenation to the desired degree of hardness.
  • the raw material rapeseed and / or palm oil can be mixed in a ratio of 1% up to 50% palm kernel fat.
  • the method is as follows:
  • the liquid hardened pure fat is transported in the temperature range from approximately 65 ° C. to approximately 85 ° C. via heated lines 18 from the heated tank 14 by means of a metering pump 20 to the pre-melter 22.
  • additives such as colors or other fats can be added to the starting material by means of an addition device.
  • the spraying device 46 uses different pressures to spray the starting material onto the roller cooler 12, which is run at different rotational speeds, temperatures in the range from approximately 4 ° C. to approximately 12 ° C. and, if appropriate, also different diameters.
  • the initial mass crystallizes roughly by cooling, whereby segregation problems do not arise, since oils or fats of one class of substance are generally used.
  • the cooled, crystalline starting mass is transported to a collecting container 44, from which the starting material or the starting material is conveyed to a pressing device 36 by means of a conveying device 34, which can either be designed as a gravity conveyor 38 or as a vacuum conveyor 40.
  • a conveying device 34 which can either be designed as a gravity conveyor 38 or as a vacuum conveyor 40.
  • crystalline mass is transported to the individual presses with a negative pressure of approximately 0.5 bar to approximately 4 bar and collected in a collecting funnel 48 assigned to the pressing device 36.
  • the pressing tools are varied in the pressing device, for example by inserting spacers from above and / or from below, in order to ensure the same or changed pressures from above and / or below. These measures can avoid overpressure phenomena in the area of the compact which could lead to the fracture of the compact.
  • the pressing tools as well as the pressing mold are heated in order to improve the surface finish and the adherence of the compact.
  • the compact is guided over a rail system to the correspondingly adapted threader, is there braked, processed and then packed in a packaging device 42.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour produire des bougies composées d'une matière de base contenant au moins partiellement des graisses et/ou des huiles, des additifs tels que des colorants étant éventuellement ajoutés à cette matière de base. Selon ce procédé, la matière de base est pulvérisée sous forme de phase liquide sur un moyen de refroidissement (10), puis elle est transformée en phase solide. Elle est ensuite pressée sous forme de pièce moulée par un processus de moulage et éventuellement fraisée. L'invention se caractérise en ce que la matière de base contient exclusivement des huiles et/ou des graisses qui sont durcies et qui sont transformées sur le moyen de refroidissement (10) en une structure sensiblement homogène se présentant sous forme de cristaux, de préférence sous forme de gros cristaux.
PCT/EP2003/001773 2002-02-21 2003-02-21 Procede de production de bougies a base d'huiles ou de graisses vegetales ou animales WO2003070865A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE50305176T DE50305176D1 (de) 2002-02-21 2003-02-21 Verfahren zur herstellung von kerzen, bestehend aus pflanzlichen oder tierischen oelen oder fetten
US10/503,593 US7601184B2 (en) 2002-02-21 2003-02-21 Method for producing candles consisting of vegetable or animal oils or fats
EP03742567A EP1476528B1 (fr) 2002-02-21 2003-02-21 Procede de production de bougies a base d'huiles ou de graisses vegetales ou animales

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10207258A DE10207258B4 (de) 2002-02-21 2002-02-21 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kerzen, bestehend aus pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ölen oder Fetten
DE10207258.2 2002-02-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003070865A1 true WO2003070865A1 (fr) 2003-08-28

Family

ID=27740270

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2003/001773 WO2003070865A1 (fr) 2002-02-21 2003-02-21 Procede de production de bougies a base d'huiles ou de graisses vegetales ou animales

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7601184B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1476528B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE340841T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10207258B4 (fr)
RU (1) RU2321621C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003070865A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7192457B2 (en) 2003-05-08 2007-03-20 Cargill, Incorporated Wax and wax-based products
EP1887077A1 (fr) * 2006-08-09 2008-02-13 HB-Feinmechanik GmbH & Co.KG Dispositif de refroidissement et procédé de refroidir
GB2456746A (en) * 2007-10-10 2009-07-29 Michael Barrett Candle and Candle Holder

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US6645261B2 (en) * 2000-03-06 2003-11-11 Cargill, Inc. Triacylglycerol-based alternative to paraffin wax
US6503285B1 (en) * 2001-05-11 2003-01-07 Cargill, Inc. Triacylglycerol based candle wax
US7128766B2 (en) * 2001-09-25 2006-10-31 Cargill, Incorporated Triacylglycerol based wax compositions
ES2414091T3 (es) 2003-07-17 2013-07-18 Unilever N.V. Procedimiento de estabilización de una dispersión comestible que comprende aceite
AU2006205023C1 (en) 2005-01-10 2012-05-24 Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. Candle and candle wax containing metathesis and metathesis-like products
AU2006215828B2 (en) * 2005-02-17 2010-03-25 Unilever Plc Granules comprising sterol
DE102005022700A1 (de) * 2005-05-18 2006-11-23 Wolfgang Fiwek Eine Kerze, ein Brennkörper für ein Teelicht oder ein Granulat für die Kerze oder für den Brennkörper sowie ein Verfahren und eine Maschine zur Herstellung der Kerze, des Brennkörpers oder des Granulats
US9427423B2 (en) * 2009-03-10 2016-08-30 Atrium Medical Corporation Fatty-acid based particles
US20070094917A1 (en) * 2005-10-19 2007-05-03 Blyth Inc. Container candle with mottled appearance
CN101563434B (zh) * 2006-07-12 2012-01-25 埃莱文斯可更新科学公司 包含复分解不饱和多元醇酯蜡的热熔性胶粘剂组合物
WO2008103289A1 (fr) 2007-02-16 2008-08-28 Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. Compositions de cire et leurs procédés de fabrication
MX2009013053A (es) * 2007-05-30 2010-01-18 Elevance Renewable Sciences Ceras de perlas que comprenden particulas pequeñas y velas moldeadas por compresion de lados lisos elaboradas a partir de estas.
CA2690811C (fr) 2007-06-15 2017-02-28 Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. Compositions en cire hybride utilisees pour des articles en cire moulee sous pression comme par exemple des bougies
JP6124386B2 (ja) * 2008-09-10 2017-05-10 ペガサス・キャンドル株式会社 固形ローソク用ワックスの製造方法
CA2747088C (fr) 2008-12-19 2016-10-18 Unilever Plc Poudres grasses comestibles
CN102191136A (zh) * 2010-03-08 2011-09-21 建德市嘉轩工艺品有限公司 彩色火焰蜡烛及其制造方法
EP2545151B1 (fr) * 2010-03-10 2013-12-11 Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. Compositions de cire à base de lipides, sensiblement exemptes de blanchiment gras, et procédés de fabrication
WO2011143037A1 (fr) 2010-05-12 2011-11-17 Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. Compositions de marquage à base d'huile naturelle et leurs procédés de fabrication
CA2802616C (fr) 2010-06-22 2018-07-10 Unilever Plc Poudres a base de graisse alimentaire
EP2590911B1 (fr) 2010-07-09 2014-05-14 Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. Paraffines dérivées d'huiles naturelles ayant subi une métathèse et d'amines et procédés de fabrication associés
KR20140004107A (ko) 2010-11-23 2014-01-10 엘레반스 리뉴어블 사이언시즈, 인코포레이티드 실질적으로 지방 블룸이 없는 지질계 왁스 조성물 및 제조 방법
CA2820354C (fr) 2010-12-17 2019-06-11 Unilever Plc Processus de compactage d'une poudre de graisse microporeuse et poudre de graisse compactee ainsi obtenue
MX342040B (es) 2010-12-17 2016-09-12 Unilever Nv Emulsion de agua en aceite comestible.
EP2729556A1 (fr) 2011-07-10 2014-05-14 Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. Compositions de savon métallique pour diverses applications
EP2724620B1 (fr) 2012-10-26 2018-01-10 Walter RAU Neusser Öl und Fett AG Composition oleochimique
US10342886B2 (en) 2016-01-26 2019-07-09 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Extruded wax melt and method of producing same
US10010638B2 (en) 2016-06-14 2018-07-03 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Wax melt with filler

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US3950561A (en) * 1975-01-28 1976-04-13 The Pillsbury Company Shortening chip manufacture
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EP0393963A2 (fr) * 1989-04-17 1990-10-24 Canadian Oxygen Limited Procédé et dispositif pour la cristallisation cryogénique de graisses
DE4242509A1 (de) * 1992-12-16 1994-06-23 Jaspers Markus Grab- und Opferlicht
DE19516244A1 (de) * 1995-05-03 1996-11-07 Harald Neumueller Brennstoff sowie Öllampe, Kerze, Feuerzeug und Feuerstab zum Verbrennen des Brennstoffes
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WO2002092736A1 (fr) * 2001-05-11 2002-11-21 Cargill, Inc. Cire de bougie a base de triacylglycerol
WO2003012016A1 (fr) * 2001-08-02 2003-02-13 Archer Daniels Midland Company Bougies a base d'huiles vegetales

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GB859771A (en) * 1956-04-04 1961-01-25 Alphonse Duyck Improvements in sanctuary lamps
US3560122A (en) * 1969-07-09 1971-02-02 Sun Oil Co Candle containing wick of novel composition
US3950561A (en) * 1975-01-28 1976-04-13 The Pillsbury Company Shortening chip manufacture
DE2850353A1 (de) * 1978-11-20 1980-05-29 Espermas Decorativas Escandina Kerzen
EP0393963A2 (fr) * 1989-04-17 1990-10-24 Canadian Oxygen Limited Procédé et dispositif pour la cristallisation cryogénique de graisses
DE4242509A1 (de) * 1992-12-16 1994-06-23 Jaspers Markus Grab- und Opferlicht
DE19516244A1 (de) * 1995-05-03 1996-11-07 Harald Neumueller Brennstoff sowie Öllampe, Kerze, Feuerzeug und Feuerstab zum Verbrennen des Brennstoffes
TW373019B (en) * 1995-09-13 1999-11-01 Gou-Lung Lin Supplement to the process for producing light candle
DE19601521A1 (de) * 1996-01-17 1997-07-24 Schuemann Sasol Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kerzen und wachsartiger Stoff zur Kerzenherstellung
WO1999027043A1 (fr) * 1997-11-25 1999-06-03 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Bougie moulee par compression
WO2002092736A1 (fr) * 2001-05-11 2002-11-21 Cargill, Inc. Cire de bougie a base de triacylglycerol
WO2003012016A1 (fr) * 2001-08-02 2003-02-13 Archer Daniels Midland Company Bougies a base d'huiles vegetales

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DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 200039, Derwent World Patents Index; Class D23, AN 2000-450447, XP002214866 *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7192457B2 (en) 2003-05-08 2007-03-20 Cargill, Incorporated Wax and wax-based products
US7833294B2 (en) 2003-05-08 2010-11-16 Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. Wax and wax-based products
US8157873B2 (en) 2003-05-08 2012-04-17 Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. Wax and wax-based products
EP1887077A1 (fr) * 2006-08-09 2008-02-13 HB-Feinmechanik GmbH & Co.KG Dispositif de refroidissement et procédé de refroidir
GB2456746A (en) * 2007-10-10 2009-07-29 Michael Barrett Candle and Candle Holder
US9851095B2 (en) 2007-10-10 2017-12-26 Michael Barrett Candles and candle holder

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20050095545A1 (en) 2005-05-05
EP1476528B1 (fr) 2006-09-27
DE10207258A1 (de) 2003-09-11
DE50305176D1 (de) 2006-11-09
DE10207258B4 (de) 2005-12-22
US7601184B2 (en) 2009-10-13
ATE340841T1 (de) 2006-10-15
RU2321621C2 (ru) 2008-04-10
RU2004128080A (ru) 2005-04-20
EP1476528A1 (fr) 2004-11-17

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