WO2003001446A1 - Marker device and method for reading said marker device - Google Patents
Marker device and method for reading said marker device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003001446A1 WO2003001446A1 PCT/EP2002/006542 EP0206542W WO03001446A1 WO 2003001446 A1 WO2003001446 A1 WO 2003001446A1 EP 0206542 W EP0206542 W EP 0206542W WO 03001446 A1 WO03001446 A1 WO 03001446A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- areas
- magnetization
- magnetic field
- coercivity
- marking device
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/06187—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with magnetically detectable marking
Definitions
- the invention relates to a marking device for marking objects with a coding that identifies areas with different magnetic properties.
- Magnetic encodings are often used for marking and thus individual assignment and securing of credit cards, credit cards, access cards, electronic keys or the like, often in the form of a so-called magnetic strip.
- a permanent magnetic layer is selected for the coding, i.e. magnetized in areas such that areas of different magnetization arise, which also include non-magnetized areas, that is to say those with magnetization 0.
- the magnetic signature or coding can be detected and then processed according to the respective purpose.
- Magnetic strips are described in EP 0 650 142 A1 and DE 40 28 202, in which two magnetic layers of different coercivity are applied to a carrier.
- the spatial training of the highly coercive The magnetic layer is homogeneous in all magnetic strips, so that identification is only possible by writing.
- the coding and thus the information in the highly coercive magnetic layer can be changed by appropriate devices, so that only limited protection is provided against unauthorized production or manipulation.
- DE 198 52 368 describes a marking device in which a permanent magnetic base layer and at least one magnetic coding layer are first applied to a carrier, an intermediate layer having a thickness such that regions are not parallel between the base layer and coding layer or antiparallel coupling.
- a disadvantage of this marking device is that its production is associated with a number of process steps.
- the invention is based on the object of designing a marking device of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that it is tamper-proof, permits an authenticity check and is also simple to produce.
- the maximum coercivity is to be understood as the greatest value for the coercivity, which is found in all directions when read out results, usually in the direction of the easy magnetic axis.
- the advantage of the invention is that the regions of different coercivity generate a spatial distribution that represents the stored information or coding, and that the regions simultaneously form a distribution of the saturation magnetization or remanent magnetization, via which an authenticity test is possible.
- the definition of the information or coding in the spatial structure of the hysteresis properties takes place during the manufacture of the marking device and ensures a high level of protection against intentional or unintentional manipulation of the coding, because the sequence of the areas with different coercivities or remanence is after completion of the Manufacturing no longer changeable.
- the authenticity of the structure can simply be tested mechanically by reading out the magnetization states of the areas in a spatially resolving manner.
- the readout unit can be encapsulated and protected against access from outside. An authenticity check is possible without an external data connection.
- the readout unit can be inexpensive and compact with using conventional magnetic reading technology.
- regions of different coercivity should adjoin one another in at least one direction.
- the proposal serves the same purpose that the magnetically easy axes of the regions point in one direction, preferably the readout direction and thus also the direction in which the regions expediently adjoin one another.
- saturation magnetization or remanent magnetization there is basically the possibility of areas of different saturation magnetization or to provide retentive megnetization so that a spatial structure of the saturation magnetization or retentive magnetization is created and can be evaluated. It can then be compared to a reference structure for the authenticity test. A simpler evaluation results, however, if the areas all have values of the same size for the saturation magnetization or remanent magnetization, since only a reference value then has to be compared.
- the invention further relates to a method for reading out the above-described marking device. It is read out in such a way that areas with different coercivities are acted upon by a first magnetic field, that only part of the areas are remagnetized, and that the resulting pattern of flux changes is read out and used. With this type of reading, only the low-coercive areas u are magnetized, while the high-coercive areas maintain their magnetization state. The first magnetic field is so small that it is unable to re-magnetize the highly coercive areas.
- the flux changes should be read out under the action of a second magnetic field, which stabilizes the magnetization level of the u-magnetized areas, but is so low that no re-magnetization the non-magnetized, ie higher-coercive areas.
- the first and second magnetic fields can be of the same size and rectified. The stabilization with the second magnetic field prevents interactions with external magnetic interference or stray fields.
- the areas before and / or after the reading are subjected to a third magnetic field which is so large and directed that all areas are then magnetized in one direction, and the areas are then magnetized evaluated and compared with a reference. If the highly coercive areas have already been magnetized during manufacture and have such a high coercivity that the magnetization is stable to external influences, it is sufficient if the third magnetic field is just so strong that the low coercive areas are in the direction of the magnetization of the highly coercive areas are magnetized. However, in order to be on the safe side with regard to the highly coercive areas, it is recommended to generate such a large third magnetic field that a saturation magnetization of all areas is brought about.
- the highly coercive areas are not sufficiently stable against external influences, that the areas before the remagnetization with a fourth magnet field that is so large that a saturation magnetization of all areas is effected. Subsequently, the magnetization of the low coercive areas with the first magnetic field can then take place.
- the authenticity test should be carried out in such a way that the areas are subjected to a fifth magnetic field after magnetic reversal and reading, which is so strong and so directed that all areas subsequently are magnetized in one direction, and the magnetization of the regions is then evaluated under a sixth magnetic field and compared with a reference that stabilizes the state of magnetization caused by the fifth magnetic field.
- the fifth and sixth magnetic fields can be rectified and the same size. For both magnetic fields, it is sufficient if the magnetization of the low-coercive areas is adapted to that of the high-coercive areas, that is, they are magnetized in the same direction until saturation. The direction of magnetization is opposite to that of the first magnetic field.
- the second and the fifth and / or sixth magnetic field are of the same size, but directed in opposite directions.
- the production, ie lining up of the areas of different coercivity, can be achieved by a non-homogeneous Material composition of one or more layers take place. Evaporation in a high vacuum is particularly suitable for applying the layers.
- the local growth properties of individual or multiple layers can be influenced, for example by local doping of the interfaces or the bulk material, local temperature differences, external magnetic field distribution, local ion or electron bombardment, locally different roughness of the support or other process parameters.
- pigment systems can also be printed on, in which magnetizable particles are embedded in a binder matrix.
- the structure consists of at least one ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic layer and at least one further layer made of a magnetic or non-magnetic material. At least one of these additional layers is designed such that a spatially varying coercivity of the overall layer system is generated.
- Another possibility consists in the homogeneous formation of one or more ferro- or ferrimagnetic layers, which are influenced after the completion of the production in such a way that locally different coercivities result.
- Example A An alloy of 81% Ni and 19% Fe is evaporated in a first pattern to form spaced first areas on a support, these areas having a coercivity of ⁇ 10 Oersted.
- the spatial distribution of the areas is specified by a mask.
- pure Co is vapor-deposited into the spaces between the first areas on the carrier with the aid of a second mask, so that first and second areas alternate in one direction.
- the second areas have a coercivity of> 50 Oersted.
- the layer thicknesses are chosen so that the saturation magnetization of all areas are the same.
- the field strength for U magnetizing the low coercive areas is between 10 and 50 Oersted.
- Two dispersions with different magnetic particles are produced, the first particles having a coercivity of ⁇ 500 Oersted and the second particles having a coercivity> 3000 Oersted.
- the dispersions are printed on a carrier in such a way that low-coercive areas and high-coercive areas alternate. To remagnetize only the low-coercive areas, the field strength must be between 500 and 3000 Oersted.
- FIG. 2 shows the marking device according to FIG. 1 in saturation magnetization
- FIGS. 1 and 2 shows the marking device according to FIGS. 1 and 2 during the remagnetization of the low-coercive areas
- FIG. 4 shows the marking device according to FIGS. 1 to 3 with saturation magnetization in the opposite direction according to FIG. 2.
- FIG. 1 an oblique view shows a marking device 1, consisting of an elongated carrier layer 2 and a magnetic layer 3 applied thereon.
- the magnetic layer 3 is divided into five areas 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, which are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic layer 3 and have different extensions in the longitudinal direction.
- the darker areas 4, 6, 8 alternate with the lighter areas 5, 7.
- the lighter areas have a low coercivity, as is illustrated by the illustration of the narrow hysteresis loop 9.
- the darker areas, 6, 8 have a high coercivity, symbolized by the second hysteresis loop 10.
- the two hysteresis loops fen 9, 10 it can also be seen that the remanent magnetizations and the saturation magnetizations are the same in all areas 4 to 8.
- FIG. 2 shows the magnetization of the areas 4 to 8.
- FIG. 3 shows the influence of an opposite magnetic field of the field strength H 2 symbolized by the arrow 12.
- the field strength H 2 is less than H x and also as H c , m _ x r but greater than the field strength H C / tnin .
- the low-coercive areas 5, 7 are remagnetized in the direction of the arrow 12 compared to the state according to FIG. 2, so that the highly coercive areas 4, 6, 8 magnetized in one direction with the oppositely reversed areas 5, 7 with lower Alternate coercivity. Flux changes occur at the respective common boundaries of the areas 4 to 8, which can be read out by means of conventional magnetic field sensors.
- a characteristic pattern results which represents the stored information, that is to say represents the coding. It can then be evaluated depending on the task. If the magnetic field is strengthened with the field strength H 2 in the direction of arrow 12, the situation shown in FIG. 4 results.
- the field strength H 3 c has the same absolute value as the field strength E is therefore greater than cma H and H, m i n -
- the magnetic field is, however, (arrow 12) directed opposite. In this way, the highly coercive areas 4, 6, 8 are remagnetized, so that all areas 4 to 8 are magnetized in the same direction.
- the authenticity check can also be carried out by a field which is greater than H C / min and ⁇ H C (max , but is directed opposite the field H 2 used to activate the readout state.
- This field therefore points in the magnetization direction of the highly coercive areas 4, 6, 8. Due to the action of this field, only the low-coercive areas 5, 7 are folded over in the direction of the high-coercive areas 4, 6, 8, so that the flux change structure disappears.
- the flow changes can be read out with sufficiently stable, low-coercive areas 5, 7 without the influence of the magnetic field. If the coercivity of the areas 5, 7 is very low, the magnetic field with the field strength H 2 or another field strength that lies between H C (inax and H Crmln) can also act on the readout, thereby stabilizing the low-coercivity areas in their magnetization direction.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2001130553 DE10130553A1 (en) | 2001-06-25 | 2001-06-25 | Marking device and method for reading out the marking device |
DE10130553.2 | 2001-06-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003001446A1 true WO2003001446A1 (en) | 2003-01-03 |
Family
ID=7689349
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2002/006542 WO2003001446A1 (en) | 2001-06-25 | 2002-06-14 | Marker device and method for reading said marker device |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE10130553A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003001446A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009090676A1 (en) * | 2008-01-15 | 2009-07-23 | Fabriano Securities S.R.L. | Security element particularly for banknotes, security cards and the like, having anti-counterfeiting features |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0354759A2 (en) * | 1988-08-09 | 1990-02-14 | THORN EMI plc | Electromagnetic identification system |
EP0355162A1 (en) * | 1987-04-17 | 1990-02-28 | Kyodo Printing Co., Ltd. | Magnetic recording medium |
US5204526A (en) * | 1988-02-08 | 1993-04-20 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Magnetic marker and reading and identifying apparatus therefor |
-
2001
- 2001-06-25 DE DE2001130553 patent/DE10130553A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-06-14 WO PCT/EP2002/006542 patent/WO2003001446A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0355162A1 (en) * | 1987-04-17 | 1990-02-28 | Kyodo Printing Co., Ltd. | Magnetic recording medium |
US5204526A (en) * | 1988-02-08 | 1993-04-20 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Magnetic marker and reading and identifying apparatus therefor |
EP0354759A2 (en) * | 1988-08-09 | 1990-02-14 | THORN EMI plc | Electromagnetic identification system |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009090676A1 (en) * | 2008-01-15 | 2009-07-23 | Fabriano Securities S.R.L. | Security element particularly for banknotes, security cards and the like, having anti-counterfeiting features |
RU2472628C2 (en) * | 2008-01-15 | 2013-01-20 | Федригони С.П.А. | Protective element, in particular for currency units, pass cards and similar things, having signs of protection against forgery |
US8365999B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2013-02-05 | Fedrigoni S.P.A. | Security element particularly for banknotes, security cards and the like, having anti-counterfeiting features |
EP2229286B1 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2016-08-10 | Fedrigoni S.P.A. | Security element particularly for banknotes, security cards and the like, having anti-counterfeiting features |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10130553A1 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
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