WO2002005543A1 - Image processing method, recording medium, and image processing device - Google Patents

Image processing method, recording medium, and image processing device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002005543A1
WO2002005543A1 PCT/JP2001/005914 JP0105914W WO0205543A1 WO 2002005543 A1 WO2002005543 A1 WO 2002005543A1 JP 0105914 W JP0105914 W JP 0105914W WO 0205543 A1 WO0205543 A1 WO 0205543A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
smoothing
electronic data
intensity
filter information
image
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PCT/JP2001/005914
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Akira Hiroshige
Yoshihiro Nakami
Original Assignee
Seiko Epson Corporation
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Publication date
Application filed by Seiko Epson Corporation filed Critical Seiko Epson Corporation
Priority to JP2002509277A priority Critical patent/JP3809818B2/en
Publication of WO2002005543A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002005543A1/en
Priority to US10/090,168 priority patent/US7199902B2/en

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T5/00Image enhancement or restoration
    • G06T5/70Denoising; Smoothing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T5/00Image enhancement or restoration
    • G06T5/20Image enhancement or restoration using local operators
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10024Color image
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/20Special algorithmic details
    • G06T2207/20004Adaptive image processing
    • G06T2207/20012Locally adaptive

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an image processing method, a recording medium, and an image processing device for smoothing electronic data of an input image and removing noise.
  • noise in the case of an image input device such as a digital still camera that uses image input means such as a CCD (hereinafter, a digital still camera is referred to as a “digital camera”), it corresponds to the amount of light received from the image input means. Unnecessary electric signals may be output in addition to the generated electric signals. As a result, the output unnecessary electric signals are included as noise (hereinafter, noise is referred to as “noise”) in the electronic data constituting the image. In particular, noise tends to be conspicuous in low-brightness areas, that is, in dark image areas.
  • the smoothing process is performed on the entire electronic data constituting the image
  • the smoothing process is performed on the entire electronic data even though the brightness differs depending on the image portion. Therefore, not only low-luminance parts where noise is conspicuous but also high-luminance parts where noise is relatively inconspicuous are smoothed, and the sharpness of the image is reduced. Therefore, it is not possible to effectively remove noise concentrated on low-brightness areas.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an image processing method, a recording medium, and an image processing device for removing. Disclosure of the invention
  • a smoothing intensity for smoothing electronic data from an intensity of a predetermined color component is calculated. For example, by calculating the brightness of the electronic data of an image input from a predetermined color component and calculating the smoothing strength from the brightness, the smoothing strength can be changed according to the brightness. Therefore, noise in a low-luminance portion, that is, a dark portion of an image can be intensively removed without emphasizing noise in a flat portion.
  • the smoothing intensity can be calculated from the intensity of a predetermined color component such as the intensity of a single color component or the sum of the intensity of a plurality of color components as well as the luminance. Therefore, the smoothing intensity can be changed according to the intensity of a predetermined color component, and noise can be intensively removed from a portion where noise is conspicuous in the image.
  • the recording medium or the image processing apparatus according to claim 10 file information is selected from the calculated smoothing intensity, and based on the filter information, Smooth electronic data.
  • the fill information is set in advance according to the calculated smoothing intensity. Therefore, it is not necessary to create filter information every time the smoothing strength is calculated. Therefore, even when a computer having a low processing capacity is used, for example, smoothing processing of electronic data can be performed quickly.
  • the recording medium according to claim 7 or the image processing device according to claim 11 filter information is created from the calculated smoothing intensity, and the created filter information is created. And smoothes the electronic data based on.
  • the filter information is created each time according to the calculated smoothing strength. Therefore, it is possible to create optimum fill information according to the intensity of a predetermined color component. Therefore, it is possible to more effectively remove noise from a prominent portion of the noise without emphasizing the noise in the flat portion.
  • the smoothing intensity is reduced when the noise amount corresponding to the predetermined color component is small, while when the noise amount is large. It is set to be strong. Therefore, the smoothing strength can be increased in a portion where the noise is conspicuous and the brightness is low.
  • the relationship between the intensity of the predetermined color component and the noise amount is determined by, for example, the image processing method of the present invention or the image processing apparatus to which the recording medium of the present invention is applied. Therefore, it is possible to intensively remove noise in low-luminance portions without emphasizing noise in high-luminance portions with low noise.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a flow of the image processing method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a digital camera according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a processing circuit of the digital camera according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a CCD of the digital camera according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between brightness and noise.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a pixel of interest in order to explain the image processing method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a 5 ⁇ 5 matrix with a center as a center.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing filter information determined by the smoothing strength in the image processing method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a processing circuit of a digital camera according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the flow of the image processing method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a digital camera 1 to which the image processing device according to the first embodiment of the present invention is applied.
  • the digital camera 1 includes a control unit 10, an image input unit 20, a recording unit 30, a display unit 40, an interface 50, and the like.
  • the control unit 10 is an electric circuit for processing the electronic data output from the image input means 20.
  • the control unit 10 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 11, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 12, and a processing circuit 60.
  • the ROM 12 records a computer program executed by the CPU 11 and the processing circuit 60 of the control unit 10.
  • the processing circuit 60 includes a separating unit 61, a color intensity calculating unit 62, a filter information selecting unit 63, a smoothing processing unit 64, and a writing unit 65.
  • the control unit 10 is connected to input means for receiving an input from a user.
  • an input means an instruction to execute shooting is input from the user.
  • the image input means 20 has a condenser lens 21, a CCD 22, and an AZD converter 23.
  • the condenser lens 21 condenses the light from the subject onto the CCD 22.
  • the CCD 22 has a plurality of image sensors.
  • the CCD 22 is composed of a plurality of image sensors arranged in a matrix in the horizontal and vertical directions, and one image sensor forms one pixel.
  • Color filters are arranged on the light receiving surface side of the image sensor, respectively.
  • color filters complementary color filters consisting of Cy (Cyan), Mg (Magenta), Ye (Yellow) and G (Green) are used.
  • the complementary color filters of the CCD are arranged, for example, as shown in FIG.
  • Each color filter transmits light of the next color among the three primary colors of light, red (R), green (G), and blue (B).
  • each image sensor of the CCD 22 is converted into an electric signal and output. Since the electric signal output from the CCD 22 is an analog signal, it is converted into digital electronic data by the AZD converter 23.
  • the recording unit 30 has a RAM (Random Access Memory) 31 and a flash memory 32.
  • a DRAM (Dynamic RAM) having a self-refresh function is used as the RAM 31.
  • the flash memory 32 is a rewritable recording medium capable of holding recorded contents without power supply, and is built in the digital camera 1 or is detachably attached to the digital camera 1.
  • the RAM 31 temporarily records digital electronic data processed by the control unit 10 or output from the A / D converter 23.
  • the flash memory 32 stores and stores electronic data temporarily recorded in the RAM 31. Flash memory 3 2 Records the file information described later.
  • the display section 40 has a liquid crystal display (LCD) 41 and a VRAM (Video RAM) 42.
  • the LCD 41 displays an image based on the electronic data stored in the flash memory 32 or the digital electronic data output from the AZD converter 23.
  • VRAM 42 a display data created from the electronic data to be displayed on the LCD 41 is recorded.
  • the interface 50 outputs the electronic data recorded in the flash memory 32 to an external device such as a personal computer.
  • control unit 10 is provided with the processing circuit 60.
  • the processing circuit 60 is a dedicated arithmetic device for executing image processing.
  • the processing circuit 60 executes a predetermined process according to a computer program recorded in the ROM 32.
  • the processing executed by each means of the processing circuit 60 and the flow thereof will be described with reference to FIGS.
  • the processing executed by each means of the processing circuit 60 is pipelined without using the CPU 11.
  • the separating means 61 separates a luminance component as a color component from information of an image input from the CCD 22 and converted into electronic data by the AZD converter 23 (S101).
  • Electronic data output from the image sensor of the CCD 22 and converted from analog electric signals to digital by the AZD converter 23 is temporarily stored in the RAM 31.
  • the electronic data output from the image sensor and stored in the RAM 31 has a luminance component and a color difference component.
  • the luminance Y, the color difference Cr, and the color difference Cb are calculated based on the electronic data output from four mutually adjacent imaging elements.
  • Mg, Cy, G, and Ye included in the above equation (1) are electrons output from four adjacent pixels. For example, the size of the gradation. That is, the luminance Y is calculated from the predetermined color components Mg, Cy, G, and Ye.
  • the luminance component of the luminance component separated from the electronic data by the separating means 61 is calculated by the color intensity calculating means 62.
  • the color intensity calculation means 62 calculates the luminance ⁇ based on the above equation (1) (S102).
  • the filter information selecting means 63 calculates the smoothing strength ⁇ based on the luminance ⁇ calculated by the color strength calculating means 62. Then, the filter information selecting means 63 selects the filter information recorded in the flash memory 32 of the recording unit 30 from the calculated smoothing strength. A plurality of pieces of this filter information are prepared corresponding to the luminance ⁇ .
  • the procedure for selecting a festival is as follows.
  • the filter information selecting means 63 calculates the smoothing strength ⁇ based on the luminance ⁇ (S103).
  • the smoothing strength ⁇ is calculated by the following equation ( ⁇ ).
  • a is a proportionality constant that determines the maximum value of the smoothing strength.
  • b is the offset value, which determines the minimum value of the smoothing strength.
  • e is a natural logarithm
  • Equation (A) above is approximated by the relationship between the luminance Y and the amount of noise. Examine the relationship between the luminance Y and the amount of noise N for the image input using the image input means 20 Then, the luminance Y increases from the high luminance to the low luminance, and the noise amount becomes maximum at a certain luminance ⁇ . Then, as the luminance ⁇ approaches 0, the amount of noise ⁇ ⁇ tends to decrease again. That is, the amount of noise ⁇ depends on the luminance ⁇ .
  • the above equation ( ⁇ ⁇ ) approximates the amount of noise ⁇ and the luminance ⁇ , and FIG. 5 shows a graph of this. Equation ( ⁇ ), which is an approximation equation, differs depending on the device that performs the processing.
  • noise that depends on the luminance ⁇ ⁇ can be effectively removed by performing a strong smoothing process on the luminance region with a large noise distribution and a weak smoothing process on the luminance region with a small noise distribution. Can be.
  • the distribution equation used for the smoothing process is defined as the following equation ( ⁇ ) based on the Gaussian function.
  • is the smoothing strength calculated by the above equation ( ⁇ ).
  • X and y indicate the coordinates of a pixel of interest Pn (0, 0) and the coordinate system (x, y) in a 5 ⁇ 5 matrix M surrounding the pixel of interest Pn, as shown in FIG. I have.
  • the matrix M not only 5X5 but also 3X37X7 can be used.
  • the pixel P 1 in FIG. 6 is ( ⁇ 1, —2)
  • the pixel P 2 is ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2)
  • the pixel P 25 is (2, 2).
  • the numerical value described in the matrix of each filter information shown in FIG. 7 is a ratio at which the electronic data of the target pixel P n is dispersed from the target pixel P n to other pixels constituting the 5 ⁇ 5 matrix. is there.
  • the numerical value shown at the lower right of each filter information indicates the sum of the numerical values described in the matrix. That is, the rate at which information is dispersed from the pixel of interest Pn to the other pixels that make up the 5 ⁇ 5 matrix is the numerical sum of each matrix.
  • file information is created in advance corresponding to the smoothing intensity ⁇ . This filter information is recorded in the flash memory 32.
  • a smoothing process is executed based on the electronic data output from the target pixel ⁇ and the selected filter information (S105).
  • the smoothing process is performed by multiplying the raw data of the electronic data output from a certain pixel of interest P n by the value of the filter information in the evening.
  • the smoothing strength ⁇ is calculated from the electronic data output from the pixel of interest P n, and when the smoothing strength ⁇ is 2, the filtering information selecting means 63 selects the filtering strength as shown in FIG. Information 80 is selected. Then, by multiplying the raw data of the electronic data output from the pixel of interest ⁇ ⁇ by the numerical value of the filter information shown in FIG.
  • the information of the pixel of interest ⁇ ⁇ is centered on the pixel of interest ⁇ ⁇ Is distributed to all pixels in a 5 x 5 matrix.
  • the information of the target pixel ⁇ is dispersed to all pixels of the matrix, so that the electronic data of the target pixel ⁇ is subjected to a smoothing process.
  • This smoothing process is performed on all the pixels constituting the image, that is, all the pixels of CCD22. Since the smoothing process is performed on 24 pixels around one pixel, the smoothing process is performed 25 times for each pixel. . The sum of the smoothing processes performed on each of the surrounding pixels is the electronic data after the smoothing process. The smoothing process is performed on the luminance Y, the chrominance Cr, and the chrominance Cb, respectively.
  • the smoothing processing is completed by the smoothing processing means 64, the completed electronic data is written into the RAM 31 by the writing means 65 (S106).
  • the electronic data stored in the RAM 31 is compressed to reduce the amount of data recorded in the flash memory 32. It is processed.
  • a file format such as JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) or TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) is used.
  • the compressed electronic data is recorded in the flash memory 32.
  • the digital camera 1 enters a standby state in which photographing can be performed at any time.
  • the CCD 22 the light condensed by the condenser lens 21 is converted into an electric signal every several tenths to several hundredths of a second.
  • the converted electrical signal is converted into digital electronic data by the AZD converter 23. Is replaced.
  • the digital electronic data output from the AZD converter 23 is transferred to the VRAM 42, and the shooting target is displayed on the LCD 41 as a moving image.
  • Exposure during photographing can be changed by the CPU 11 of the control unit 10 controlling the aperture of the condenser lens 21 and the shirt speed, that is, the charge accumulation time of the CCD 22.
  • Exposure during photographing can be changed by the CPU 11 of the control unit 10 controlling the aperture of the condenser lens 21 and the shirt speed, that is, the charge accumulation time of the CCD 22.
  • One or both of the mechanical shirts that block the light physically and / or the electronic shirts that control the charge accumulation time of the CCD 22 are used as the shirts of the digital camera.
  • the following processing is performed. First, accurate photometry and focusing are performed on the subject. When the photometry and focusing are completed, the electric charge stored in the CCD 22 is discharged once, and then light from the subject enters the CCD 22 by the condenser lens 41. An electric signal is output based on the amount of charge corresponding to the amount of light.
  • the electric signal output from the CCD 22 is converted into digital electronic data by the AZD converter 23.
  • the digital electronic data is temporarily stored by DMA (Direct Memory Access) by directly specifying the address of the RAM 31 without going through the CPU 11 of the control unit 10 for speeding up.
  • DMA Direct Memory Access
  • the electronic data stored in the RAM 31 is generated as appropriate color image electronic data after the processing described above is performed by the processing circuit 60. Then, in order to increase the number of recordings in the flash memory 32, the data is compressed into electronic data in a file format such as JPEG.
  • the smoothing strength ⁇ is calculated from the luminance Y included in the electronic data output from the image input means 20. Filter information calculated from the smoothing intensity is recorded in the flash memory 32 in advance. Therefore, by selecting and reading out the filter information from the calculated smoothing strength, it is not necessary to create the filter information every time the smoothing strength ⁇ is calculated.
  • the smoothing strength ⁇ is set so as to become weaker when the luminance ⁇ ⁇ is high and to become stronger when the luminance ⁇ ⁇ is low, according to the luminance ⁇ .
  • the smoothing strength can be increased in a portion where the luminance ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ at which noise is conspicuous is low. Therefore, noise in low-luminance areas can be intensively removed without emphasizing noise in high-luminance areas with low noise.
  • the pipeline processing is performed by the dedicated processing circuit 60 up to the recording to 32 irrespective of the CPU 11. Therefore, electronic data processing can be executed quickly (second embodiment).
  • FIG. 9 shows a processing circuit 90 of a digital camera according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 shows a processing procedure. The description of the same components or procedures as those in the first embodiment will be omitted.
  • the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that filter information is created each time the luminance Y is calculated.
  • the processing circuit 90 of the digital camera according to the second embodiment includes a separating means 91, a color intensity calculating means 92, a filter information creating means 93, a smoothing means 94, and a writing means 9 Has five.
  • the separating means 91 and the color intensity calculating means 92 are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the filter information creating means 93 performs the first actual processing based on the luminance Y calculated by the color intensity calculating means 92.
  • the smoothing strength is calculated from the equation (A) described in the embodiment, and file information is created from the equation (C). That is, each time the luminance Y included in the electronic data output from each pixel of the image is separated, filter information is created for each pixel.
  • the procedure of separating the luminance component from the electronic data output from the CCD 22 (S201) and calculating the luminance Y from the separated luminance component is (S202). It is the same as the embodiment.
  • the filter information creating means 93 calculates the smoothing strength ⁇ based on the calculated luminance Y (S203), and creates filter information (S204).
  • the smoothing means 94 smoothes the electronic data output from the pixel based on the filter information created by the filter information creating means 93 (S205).
  • the electronic data subjected to the smoothing process is recorded in the RAM 31 of the recording unit 30 by the writing means 95.
  • each time luminance Y is calculated from a pixel filter information corresponding to each pixel is created. Therefore, the noise can be more effectively removed.
  • luminance is used as a predetermined color component in a CCD having a complementary color filter.
  • a color image of 256 gradations has been described.
  • a color image of 124 gradations, a color image of 496 gradations, and a gray image are described.
  • a scale image or a binary monochrome image can be used as the input image.
  • an image processing apparatus is applied to a digital camera. T or that can you to apply the present invention to the image processing by the pre Futouea

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Abstract

A brightness component is separated from the electronic data of an image inputted, and the value of the brightness is calculated from the separated brightness component. A smoothing intensity is calculated from the value of the calculated brightness. The preset filter information is selected from the smoothing intensity calculated, so that the electronic data are smoothed on the basis of the filter information. The electronic data thus smoothed are written in a RAM. By calculating the smoothing intensity from the brightness value, a flattening intensity can be changed according to a brightness. Without highlighting the noise of the flat portion, therefore, the noise of the portion of a low brightness, i.e., the dark portion of the image can be eliminated concentratedly.

Description

明細書 画像処理方法、 記録媒体および画像処理装置 技術分野  Description Image processing method, recording medium and image processing device
本発明は、 入力された画像の電子データを平滑化し、 雑音を除去する画像処理方 法、 記録媒体および画像処理装置に関する。 背景技術  The present invention relates to an image processing method, a recording medium, and an image processing device for smoothing electronic data of an input image and removing noise. Background art
例えば C C Dなどの画像入力手段を利用したデジタルスチルカメラ (以下、 デジ 夕ルスチルカメラを 「デジタルカメラ」 という。) などの画像入力装置の場合、 画 像入力手段からは受光した光の量に対応した電気信号だけでなく、 不要な電気信号 が出力されることがある。 その結果、 出力された不要な電気信号は雑音 (以下、 雑 音を 「ノイズ」 という。) として画像を構成する電子デ一夕に含まれることとなる 。 特に輝度の低い部分、 すなわち画像が暗い部分にはノイズが目立って発生する傾 向にある。  For example, in the case of an image input device such as a digital still camera that uses image input means such as a CCD (hereinafter, a digital still camera is referred to as a “digital camera”), it corresponds to the amount of light received from the image input means. Unnecessary electric signals may be output in addition to the generated electric signals. As a result, the output unnecessary electric signals are included as noise (hereinafter, noise is referred to as “noise”) in the electronic data constituting the image. In particular, noise tends to be conspicuous in low-brightness areas, that is, in dark image areas.
従来は、 そのような画像に含まれるノイズを除去するために、 画像を構成する電 子データの全部に平滑化処理を実施したり、 エッジ情報に基づいて画像に含まれる ノィズを除去する方法が利用されている。  Conventionally, in order to remove noise contained in such an image, a method of performing a smoothing process on all electronic data constituting the image or removing noise contained in the image based on edge information has been known. It's being used.
しかしながら、 画像を構成する電子デ一夕の全部に平滑化処理を実施した場合、 画像の部分によって輝度が異なっているにもかかわらず電子データの全部に平滑化 処理を実施する。 そのため、 ノイズの目立つ輝度の低い部分だけでなく比較的ノィ ズが目立たない輝度の高い部分も平滑化され、 画像の鮮明度が低下する。 したがつ て、 輝度の低い部分に集中するノイズを効果的に除去することはできない。  However, when the smoothing process is performed on the entire electronic data constituting the image, the smoothing process is performed on the entire electronic data even though the brightness differs depending on the image portion. Therefore, not only low-luminance parts where noise is conspicuous but also high-luminance parts where noise is relatively inconspicuous are smoothed, and the sharpness of the image is reduced. Therefore, it is not possible to effectively remove noise concentrated on low-brightness areas.
また、 エッジ情報に基づいてノイズを除去する方法の場合も、 エッジ部以外の平 坦部のノイズを強調してしまうという問題がある。 Also, in the case of a method of removing noise based on edge information, flat areas other than edges are also used. There is a problem of emphasizing the noise of the tan part.
そこで、 本発明は、 入力された画像を構成する電子データに含まれる所定の色成 分の強度に応じて平滑化強度を変化させ、 平坦部のノイズを強調することなくノィ ズを集中的に除去する画像処理方法、 記録媒体および画像処理装置を提供すること にある。 発明の開示  Therefore, the present invention changes the smoothing intensity according to the intensity of a predetermined color component included in the electronic data constituting the input image, and concentrates noise without emphasizing noise in a flat portion. An object of the present invention is to provide an image processing method, a recording medium, and an image processing device for removing. Disclosure of the invention
本発明の請求項 1記載の画像処理方法、 請求項 5記載の記録媒体または請求項 9 記載の画像処理装置によると、 所定の色成分の強度から電子データを平滑化するた めの平滑化強度を算出している。 例えば、 所定の色成分から入力された画像の電子 データの輝度を算出し、 輝度から平滑化強度を算出することにより、 輝度に応じて 平滑化強度を変化させることができる。 したがって、 平坦部のノイズが強調される ことなく、 例えば輝度の低い部分すなわち画像の暗い部分のノイズを集中的に除去 することができる。  According to the image processing method according to claim 1 of the present invention, the recording medium according to claim 5 or the image processing apparatus according to claim 9, a smoothing intensity for smoothing electronic data from an intensity of a predetermined color component. Is calculated. For example, by calculating the brightness of the electronic data of an image input from a predetermined color component and calculating the smoothing strength from the brightness, the smoothing strength can be changed according to the brightness. Therefore, noise in a low-luminance portion, that is, a dark portion of an image can be intensively removed without emphasizing noise in a flat portion.
また、 輝度だけでなく単色の色成分の強度、 あるいは複数の色成分の強度の和な ど所定の色成分の強度から平滑化強度を算出することができる。 したがって、 所定 の色成分の強度に応じて平滑化強度を変化させることができ、 画像の中でノイズの 目立つ部分から集中的にノイズを除去することができる。  In addition, the smoothing intensity can be calculated from the intensity of a predetermined color component such as the intensity of a single color component or the sum of the intensity of a plurality of color components as well as the luminance. Therefore, the smoothing intensity can be changed according to the intensity of a predetermined color component, and noise can be intensively removed from a portion where noise is conspicuous in the image.
本発明の請求項 2記載の画像処理方法、 請求項 6記録媒体または請求項 1 0記載 の画像処理装置によると、 算出された平滑化強度からフィル夕情報を選択し、 その フィルタ情報に基づいて電子データを平滑化する。 フィル夕情報は算出された平滑 化強度に対応してあらかじめ設定されている。 そのため、 平滑化強度が算出される たびにフィルタ情報を作成する必要がない。 したがって、 例えば処理能力の低い計 算機を使用した場合でも、 電子データの平滑化処理を迅速に実行することができる 本発明の請求項 3記載の画像処理方法、 請求項 7記載の記録媒体または請求項 1 1記載の画像処理装置によると、 算出された平滑化強度からフィルタ情報を作成し 、 その作成したフィルタ情報に基づいて電子データを平滑化する。 フィルタ情報は 、 算出された平滑化強度に応じてその都度作成される。 そのため、 所定の色成分の 強度に応じた最適なフィル夕情報を作成することができる。 したがって、 平坦部の ノイズを強調することなく、 より効果的にノイズの目立つ部分からノイズを除去す ることができる。 According to the image processing method according to claim 2 of the present invention, the recording medium or the image processing apparatus according to claim 10, file information is selected from the calculated smoothing intensity, and based on the filter information, Smooth electronic data. The fill information is set in advance according to the calculated smoothing intensity. Therefore, it is not necessary to create filter information every time the smoothing strength is calculated. Therefore, even when a computer having a low processing capacity is used, for example, smoothing processing of electronic data can be performed quickly. According to the image processing method according to claim 3 of the present invention, the recording medium according to claim 7 or the image processing device according to claim 11, filter information is created from the calculated smoothing intensity, and the created filter information is created. And smoothes the electronic data based on. The filter information is created each time according to the calculated smoothing strength. Therefore, it is possible to create optimum fill information according to the intensity of a predetermined color component. Therefore, it is possible to more effectively remove noise from a prominent portion of the noise without emphasizing the noise in the flat portion.
本発明の請求項 4記載の画像処理方法または請求項 8記載の記録媒体によると、 平滑化強度は所定の色成分に対応するノィズ量が小さいときには弱くなるように、 一方ノイズ量が大きいときは強くなるように設定されている。 そのため、 ノイズが 目立ちやすい輝度が低い部分では平滑化強度を高めることができる。 所定の色成分 の強度とノイズ量との関係は、 例えば本発明の画像処理方法または本発明の記録媒 体が適用される画像処理装置によって決定される。 したがって、 ノイズの少ない輝 度が高い部分のノイズを強調することなく、 輝度の低い部分のノイズを集中的に除 去することができる。 図面の簡単な説明  According to the image processing method according to claim 4 of the present invention or the recording medium according to claim 8, the smoothing intensity is reduced when the noise amount corresponding to the predetermined color component is small, while when the noise amount is large. It is set to be strong. Therefore, the smoothing strength can be increased in a portion where the noise is conspicuous and the brightness is low. The relationship between the intensity of the predetermined color component and the noise amount is determined by, for example, the image processing method of the present invention or the image processing apparatus to which the recording medium of the present invention is applied. Therefore, it is possible to intensively remove noise in low-luminance portions without emphasizing noise in high-luminance portions with low noise. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
図 1は、 本発明の第 1実施例による画像処理方法の流れを示すフロー図である。 図 2は、 本発明の第 1実施例によるデジタルカメラを示すプロック図である。 図 3は、 本発明の第 1実施例によるデジタルカメラの処理回路を示すブロック図 である。  FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a flow of the image processing method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a digital camera according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a processing circuit of the digital camera according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
図 4は、 本発明の第 1実施例によるデジタルカメラの C C Dを示す模式図である 図 5は、 明るさとノイズとの関係を示す図である。  FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a CCD of the digital camera according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between brightness and noise.
図 6は、 本発明の第 1実施例による画像処理方法を説明するために注目画素を中 心とした 5 X 5のマトリクスを示す模式図である。 FIG. 6 illustrates a pixel of interest in order to explain the image processing method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a 5 × 5 matrix with a center as a center.
図 7は、 本発明の第 1実施例による画像処理方法において、 平滑化強度によって 決定されるフィルタ情報を示す模式図である。  FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing filter information determined by the smoothing strength in the image processing method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
図 8は、 平滑化強度 σ = 2のときのフィルタ情報を示す模式図である。  FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing filter information when the smoothing strength σ = 2.
図 9は、 本発明の第 2実施例によるデジタルカメラの処理回路を示す図である。 図 1 0は、 本発明の第 2実施例による画像処理方法の流れを示すフロー図である  FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a processing circuit of a digital camera according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the flow of the image processing method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
発明を実施するための最良の形態 BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
本発明の実施の形態を示す複数の実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。  A plurality of examples showing an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
(第 1実施例)  (First embodiment)
図 2は、 本発明の第 1実施例による画像処理装置を適用したデジタルカメラ 1で ある。  FIG. 2 shows a digital camera 1 to which the image processing device according to the first embodiment of the present invention is applied.
図 2に示すようにデジタルカメラ 1は、 制御部 1 0、 画像入力手段 2 0、 記録部 3 0、 表示部 4 0およびインタ一フェイス 5 0などから構成されている。  As shown in FIG. 2, the digital camera 1 includes a control unit 10, an image input unit 20, a recording unit 30, a display unit 40, an interface 50, and the like.
制御部 1 0は画像入力手段 2 0から出力された電子データを処理するための電気 回路である。 制御部 1 0は、 C P U (Central Processing Unit) 1 1、 R OM ( Read Only Memory) 1 2および処理回路 6 0を有している。 R OM 1 2には、 制 御部 1 0の C P U 1 1および処理回路 6 0で実行されるコンピュータプログラムが 記録されている。  The control unit 10 is an electric circuit for processing the electronic data output from the image input means 20. The control unit 10 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 11, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 12, and a processing circuit 60. The ROM 12 records a computer program executed by the CPU 11 and the processing circuit 60 of the control unit 10.
図 3に示すように処理回路 6 0は、 分離手段 6 1、 色強度算出手段 6 2、 フィル 夕情報選択手段 6 3、 平滑化処理手段 6 4および書き込み手段 6 5から構成されて いる。  As shown in FIG. 3, the processing circuit 60 includes a separating unit 61, a color intensity calculating unit 62, a filter information selecting unit 63, a smoothing processing unit 64, and a writing unit 65.
また、 図 2に示すように制御部 1 0には、 ユーザからの入力を受け付けるための 入力手段が接続されている。 入力手段としては、 ユーザから撮影の実行の指示が入 力されるシャッターボタン 7 1、 ならびにデジタルカメラ 1の種々の機能の操作が 入力される複数の入力ボタン 7 2などがある。 - 画像入力手段 20は、 集光レンズ 2 1、 CCD 2 2および AZD変換器 2 3を有 している。 集光レンズ 2 1は被写体からの光を C CD 2 2へ集光する。 CCD 2 2 は撮像素子を複数有している。 CCD 2 2は、 水平方向ならびに垂直方向にマトリ クス状に複数個配置されている撮像素子からなり、 1つの撮像素子が 1つの画素を 構成している。 Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the control unit 10 is connected to input means for receiving an input from a user. As an input means, an instruction to execute shooting is input from the user. There are a shutter button 71 to be pressed, and a plurality of input buttons 72 for inputting operations of various functions of the digital camera 1. -The image input means 20 has a condenser lens 21, a CCD 22, and an AZD converter 23. The condenser lens 21 condenses the light from the subject onto the CCD 22. The CCD 22 has a plurality of image sensors. The CCD 22 is composed of a plurality of image sensors arranged in a matrix in the horizontal and vertical directions, and one image sensor forms one pixel.
撮像素子の受光面側にはそれぞれカラーフィルタが配置されている。 カラーフィ ルタとしては、 C y (Cyan), M g (Magenta)、 Y e (Yellow) および G ( Green) からなる補色フィル夕が使用されている。 CCDの補色フィル夕は、 例え ば図 4に示すように配置されている。 各カラーフィルタは光の三原色である赤 (R )、 緑 (G) および青 (B) のうち次の色の光を透過する。 Cy = G + B、 Mg = B + Rおよび Ye=G + Rである。 すなわち、 1つのフィル夕で 2色の光を透過す る。 .  Color filters are arranged on the light receiving surface side of the image sensor, respectively. As color filters, complementary color filters consisting of Cy (Cyan), Mg (Magenta), Ye (Yellow) and G (Green) are used. The complementary color filters of the CCD are arranged, for example, as shown in FIG. Each color filter transmits light of the next color among the three primary colors of light, red (R), green (G), and blue (B). Cy = G + B, Mg = B + R and Ye = G + R. In other words, one filter transmits two colors of light. .
CCD 2 2の各撮像素子へ入射された光は電気信号に変換されて出力される。 C CD 2 2から出力された電気信号はアナログ信号であるので、 AZD変換器 2 3で デジタルの電子データへ変換される。  The light incident on each image sensor of the CCD 22 is converted into an electric signal and output. Since the electric signal output from the CCD 22 is an analog signal, it is converted into digital electronic data by the AZD converter 23.
記録部 3 0は、 RAM (Random Access Memory) 3 1およびフラッシュメモリ 3 2を有している。 RAM 3 1としては、 セルフリフレッシュ機能を有する DR A M (Dynamic RAM) が用いられる。 フラッシュメモリ 3 2は通電しなくても記録 内容を保持することができる書き換え可能な記録媒体であり、 デジタルカメラ 1に 内蔵されているか、 またはデジタルカメラ 1に着脱自在に取り付けられている。  The recording unit 30 has a RAM (Random Access Memory) 31 and a flash memory 32. A DRAM (Dynamic RAM) having a self-refresh function is used as the RAM 31. The flash memory 32 is a rewritable recording medium capable of holding recorded contents without power supply, and is built in the digital camera 1 or is detachably attached to the digital camera 1.
RAM3 1は、 制御部 1 0で処理または A/D変換器 2 3から出力されたデジ夕 ルの電子データを一時的に記録する。 フラッシュメモリ 3 2は、 RAM3 1に一時 的に記録されている電子データを蓄積して保管する。 また、 フラッシュメモリ 3 2 には、 後述するフィル夕情報が記録されている。 The RAM 31 temporarily records digital electronic data processed by the control unit 10 or output from the A / D converter 23. The flash memory 32 stores and stores electronic data temporarily recorded in the RAM 31. Flash memory 3 2 Records the file information described later.
表示部 40は、 液晶表示装置 (LCD) 41および VRAM (Video RAM) 42 を有している。 LCD 41はフラッシュメモリ 32に記録されている電子デ一夕ま たは AZD変換器 23から出力されたデジタルの電子デ一夕に基づく画像を表示す る。 VRAM42には LCD 41で表示するために電子デ一夕から作成される表示 デ一夕が記録されている。  The display section 40 has a liquid crystal display (LCD) 41 and a VRAM (Video RAM) 42. The LCD 41 displays an image based on the electronic data stored in the flash memory 32 or the digital electronic data output from the AZD converter 23. In the VRAM 42, a display data created from the electronic data to be displayed on the LCD 41 is recorded.
ィンターフェイス 50は、 フラッシュメモリ 32に記録されている電子データを 外部の例えばパーソナルコンピュータなどの機器に出力する。  The interface 50 outputs the electronic data recorded in the flash memory 32 to an external device such as a personal computer.
次に、 制御部 10での処理について詳細に説明する。  Next, the processing in the control unit 10 will be described in detail.
前述のように制御部 10には処理回路 60が設けられている。 処理回路 60は画 像処理を実行するための専用の演算装置である。 処理回路 60は ROM 32に記録 されているコンピュータプログラムにより所定の処理を実行する。  As described above, the control unit 10 is provided with the processing circuit 60. The processing circuit 60 is a dedicated arithmetic device for executing image processing. The processing circuit 60 executes a predetermined process according to a computer program recorded in the ROM 32.
図 1および図 3に基づいて、 処理回路 60の各手段によって実行される処理およ びその流れについて説明する。 処理回路 60の各手段で実行される処理は、 CPU 1 1が用いられることなくパイプライン処理される。  The processing executed by each means of the processing circuit 60 and the flow thereof will be described with reference to FIGS. The processing executed by each means of the processing circuit 60 is pipelined without using the CPU 11.
(分離手段)  (Separation means)
分離手段 61は、 CCD 22から入力され AZD変換器 23で電子デ一夕に変換 された画像の情報から色成分としての輝度成分を分離する (S 101)。  The separating means 61 separates a luminance component as a color component from information of an image input from the CCD 22 and converted into electronic data by the AZD converter 23 (S101).
CCD 22の撮像素子から出力され AZD変換器 23でアナログの電気信号から デジタルに変換された電子データは、 RAM 31に一時的に記憶される。 撮像素子 から出力され RAM31に記憶されている電子データは輝度成分と色差成分とを有 している。  Electronic data output from the image sensor of the CCD 22 and converted from analog electric signals to digital by the AZD converter 23 is temporarily stored in the RAM 31. The electronic data output from the image sensor and stored in the RAM 31 has a luminance component and a color difference component.
図 4に示すように補色フィルタを有する CCD 22の場合、 相互に隣接する 4つ の撮像素子から出力された電子データに基づいて輝度 Yおよび色差 C rおよび色差 Cbが算出される。 輝度 Yを算出するための式は、 以下のとおりである。 輝度 Y= {(Mg + Cy) + (G + Ye)} /4 (1) 上記の式 (1) に含まれている Mg、 Cy、 G、 Yeは隣接する 4つの画素から 出力される電子デ一夕、 例えば階調の大きさである。 すなわち、 所定の色成分であ る Mg、 Cy、 Gおよび Yeから輝度 Yは算出される。 In the case of the CCD 22 having the complementary color filters as shown in FIG. 4, the luminance Y, the color difference Cr, and the color difference Cb are calculated based on the electronic data output from four mutually adjacent imaging elements. The formula for calculating the luminance Y is as follows. Brightness Y = {(Mg + Cy) + (G + Ye)} / 4 (1) Mg, Cy, G, and Ye included in the above equation (1) are electrons output from four adjacent pixels. For example, the size of the gradation. That is, the luminance Y is calculated from the predetermined color components Mg, Cy, G, and Ye.
(輝度算出手段)  (Brightness calculation means)
分離手段 61により電子デ一夕から分離された輝度成分、 すなわち隣接する 4つ の撮像素子から出力された電子データは色強度算出手段 62により輝度 Υが算出さ れる。 色強度算出手段 62は、 上記の式 (1) に基づいて輝度 Υを算出する (S 1 02)。  The luminance component of the luminance component separated from the electronic data by the separating means 61, that is, the electronic data output from the four adjacent image sensors, is calculated by the color intensity calculating means 62. The color intensity calculation means 62 calculates the luminance Υ based on the above equation (1) (S102).
(フィル夕情報選択手段)  (Phil evening information selection means)
フィルタ情報選択手段 63は、 色強度算出手段 62により算出された輝度 Υに基 づいて平滑化強度 σを算出する。 そして、 フィルタ情報選択手段 63は算出された 平滑化強度ひから記録部 30のフラッシュメモリ 32に記録されているフィルタ情 報を選択する。 このフィル夕情報は、 輝度 Υに対応して複数用意されている。  The filter information selecting means 63 calculates the smoothing strength σ based on the luminance 算出 calculated by the color strength calculating means 62. Then, the filter information selecting means 63 selects the filter information recorded in the flash memory 32 of the recording unit 30 from the calculated smoothing strength. A plurality of pieces of this filter information are prepared corresponding to the luminance Υ.
フィル夕選択の手順は以下のとおりである。 フィルタ情報選択手段 63は、 輝度 Υに基づいて平滑化強度 σを算出する (S 103)。 平滑化強度 σは、 以下の式 ( Α) により算出される。 aは比例定数であり、 平滑化強度の最大値を決定する。 b はオフセット値であり、 平滑化強度の最小値を決定する。 本実施例のように、 平滑 化範囲が注目画素を中心とした 5 X 5の範囲である場合、 0. 5<b<aぐ 10で あることが望ましい。 また、 eは自然対数、 nはノイズ量が最大となる輝度である 。 本実施例では、 n = 50に設定している。
Figure imgf000009_0001
The procedure for selecting a festival is as follows. The filter information selecting means 63 calculates the smoothing strength σ based on the luminance Υ (S103). The smoothing strength σ is calculated by the following equation (Α). a is a proportionality constant that determines the maximum value of the smoothing strength. b is the offset value, which determines the minimum value of the smoothing strength. When the smoothing range is a 5 × 5 range centered on the target pixel as in the present embodiment, it is preferable that 0.5 <b <a <10. Further, e is a natural logarithm, and n is a luminance at which the amount of noise is maximized. In this embodiment, n = 50 is set.
Figure imgf000009_0001
上記の式 (A) は、 輝度 Yとノイズの量との関係により近似されている。 画像入 力手段 20を用いて入力された画像について輝度 Yとノイズの量 Nとの関係を調べ ると、 輝度 Yが高輝度から低輝度になるにしたがって大きくなり、 ある輝度 ηでノ ィズ量が最大となる。 そして、 輝度 Υが 0に近づくと再びノイズの量 Νは小さくな るという傾向がある。 すなわち、 ノイズの量 Νは輝度 Υに依存していることとなる 。 このノイズの量 Νと輝度 Υとを近似したものが上記の式 (Α) であり、 これをグ ラフ化したものを図 5に示している。 この近似式である式 (Α) は処理を実施する 装置によって異なる。 Equation (A) above is approximated by the relationship between the luminance Y and the amount of noise. Examine the relationship between the luminance Y and the amount of noise N for the image input using the image input means 20 Then, the luminance Y increases from the high luminance to the low luminance, and the noise amount becomes maximum at a certain luminance η. Then, as the luminance Υ approaches 0, the amount of noise 再 び tends to decrease again. That is, the amount of noise Ν depends on the luminance Υ. The above equation (上 記) approximates the amount of noise 量 and the luminance 、, and FIG. 5 shows a graph of this. Equation (Α), which is an approximation equation, differs depending on the device that performs the processing.
したがって、 ノイズの分布が多い輝度領域には強い平滑化処理を、 ノイズの分布 が少ない輝度領域には弱い平滑化処理を行うことにより輝度 Υに依存しているノィ ズを効果的に除去することができる。  Therefore, noise that depends on the luminance 輝 度 can be effectively removed by performing a strong smoothing process on the luminance region with a large noise distribution and a weak smoothing process on the luminance region with a small noise distribution. Can be.
平滑化処理に使用する分布式は、 ガウス関数に基づいて以下の式 (Β) のように 定義される。 式 (Β) において、 σは上記の式 (Α) により算出される平滑化強度 である。 また、 Xおよび yは、 図 6に示すようにある注目画素 Pnの座標を (0, 0)、 その注目画素 Pnを包囲する 5 X 5のマトリクス Mにおける座標系 (x, y ) を示している。 マトリクス Mとしては、 5X 5に限らず、 3 X 3 7 X 7などを 使用可能である。 例えば、 図 6の画素 P 1は (一 2, — 2) であり、 画素 P 2は ( — 1 -2) であり、 画素 P 25は (2, 2) である。  The distribution equation used for the smoothing process is defined as the following equation (に) based on the Gaussian function. In the equation (Β), σ is the smoothing strength calculated by the above equation (Α). X and y indicate the coordinates of a pixel of interest Pn (0, 0) and the coordinate system (x, y) in a 5 × 5 matrix M surrounding the pixel of interest Pn, as shown in FIG. I have. As the matrix M, not only 5X5 but also 3X37X7 can be used. For example, the pixel P 1 in FIG. 6 is (−1, —2), the pixel P 2 is (−1−2), and the pixel P 25 is (2, 2).
(Β)(Β)
Figure imgf000010_0001
上記の式 (Β) に示す平滑化強度 σと、 式 (Α) に示す輝度 Υとノイズの量 Νと の関係とから、 以下の式 (C) が得られる。 δ(χ, y) (C)
Figure imgf000010_0001
From the smoothing strength σ shown in the above equation (Β) and the relationship between the luminance Υ and the amount of noise Ν shown in the equation (Α), the following equation (C) is obtained. δ (χ, y) (C)
Figure imgf000010_0002
この式 (C) により、 輝度 Υに応じた注目画素 Pnの電子データに対応する注目 画素 Pnの情報の分布 <5 (x, y) を得ることができる。 例えば、 平滑化強度ひが 0. 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 9のときには、 注目画素 P nを中心とした 5 X 5のマトリクスには式 (C ) に基づいて図 7に示すような分布が作成される。
Figure imgf000010_0002
By this equation (C), it is possible to obtain a distribution <5 (x, y) of information of the target pixel Pn corresponding to the electronic data of the target pixel Pn according to the luminance Υ. For example, when the smoothing intensity is 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 9, 5 X In the matrix of 5, a distribution as shown in Fig. 7 is created based on equation (C).
図 7に示す各フィル夕情報のマトリクスに記載されている数値は、 注目画素 P n の電子データがその注目画素 P nから 5 X 5のマトリクスを構成する他の画素へ分 散される割合である。 各フィルタ情報の右下に示されている数値は、 マトリクスに 記載された数値の総和を示している。 すなわち、 注目画素 P nから 5 X 5のマトリ クスを構成する他の画素へ情報が分散される割合は各マトリクスの数値 総和であ る。  The numerical value described in the matrix of each filter information shown in FIG. 7 is a ratio at which the electronic data of the target pixel P n is dispersed from the target pixel P n to other pixels constituting the 5 × 5 matrix. is there. The numerical value shown at the lower right of each filter information indicates the sum of the numerical values described in the matrix. That is, the rate at which information is dispersed from the pixel of interest Pn to the other pixels that make up the 5 × 5 matrix is the numerical sum of each matrix.
図 7からは平滑化強度 σが大きくなるにつれて、 注目画素 Ρ ηを中心としたマト リクスに加えられる平滑化処理は平均化されることが分かる。 すなわち、 注目画素 Ρ ηの電子データは 5 X 5のマトリクスを構成する他の画素へ平均的に分散される ことを示している。  From FIG. 7, it can be seen that as the smoothing strength σ increases, the smoothing processing applied to the matrix centered on the target pixel Ρη is averaged. In other words, this indicates that the electronic data of the target pixel Ρη is dispersed on average to the other pixels forming the 5 × 5 matrix.
本実施例の場合、 算出した平滑化強度 σにより画素ごとに平滑化強度の分布を算 出するのではなく、 あらかじめ平滑化強度 σに対応してフィル夕情報が作成されて いる。 そして、 このフィルタ情報はフラッシュメモリ 3 2に記録されている。  In the case of the present embodiment, instead of calculating the distribution of the smoothing intensity for each pixel using the calculated smoothing intensity σ, file information is created in advance corresponding to the smoothing intensity σ. This filter information is recorded in the flash memory 32.
したがって、 フィル夕情報選択手段 6 3は、 注目画素 P nについて色強度算出手 段 6 2により算出された輝度 Yから式 (A) に基づいて平滑化強度 σを算出し、 そ の平滑化強度ひに対応するフィルタ情報を選択してフラッシュメモリ 3 2から読み 出す。 例えば、 式 (Α) に基づいて色強度算出手段 6 2が算出した平滑化強度ひが 2であった場合、 図 7に示す σ = 2のフィルタ情報が選択されフラッシュメモリ 3 2から読み出される (S 1 0 4 )。  Therefore, the filter information selecting means 63 calculates the smoothing strength σ based on the formula (A) from the luminance Y calculated by the color strength calculating means 62 for the pixel of interest Pn, and calculates the smoothing strength σ. Select the corresponding filter information and read it from the flash memory 32. For example, when the smoothing intensity calculated by the color intensity calculating means 62 based on the equation (Α) is 2, the filter information of σ = 2 shown in FIG. 7 is selected and read from the flash memory 32 ( S104).
(平滑化処理手段)  (Smoothing processing means)
フィル夕情報選択手段 6 3によりフィル夕情報が選択されると、 注目画素 Ρ ηか ら出力された電子データと選択されたフィルタ情報とから平滑化処理が実行される ( S 1 0 5 )。 平滑化処理は、 ある注目画素 P nから出力された電子データの生デ —夕にフィルタ情報の数値を乗ずることにより実行される。 例えば、 注目画素 P nから出力される電子デー夕から平滑化強度 σが算出され、 その平滑化強度 σが 2であった場合、 フィル夕情報選択手段 6 3により図 8に示す ようなフィル夕情報 8 0が選択される。 そして、 注目画素 Ρ ηから出力される電子 データの生データに図 8に示すフィルタ情報の数値 (マトリクスの数値 総和) を 乗ずることにより、 注目画素 Ρ ηの情報はその注目画素 Ρ ηを中心とする 5 X 5の マトリクスの全画素に分散される。 注目画素 Ρ ηの情報がマトリクスの全画素に分 散されることにより、 注目画素 Ρ ηの電子データに平滑化処理が行われる。 When the filter information is selected by the filter information selecting means 63, a smoothing process is executed based on the electronic data output from the target pixel Ρη and the selected filter information (S105). The smoothing process is performed by multiplying the raw data of the electronic data output from a certain pixel of interest P n by the value of the filter information in the evening. For example, the smoothing strength σ is calculated from the electronic data output from the pixel of interest P n, and when the smoothing strength σ is 2, the filtering information selecting means 63 selects the filtering strength as shown in FIG. Information 80 is selected. Then, by multiplying the raw data of the electronic data output from the pixel of interest Ρ η by the numerical value of the filter information shown in FIG. 8 (sum of the numerical values of the matrix), the information of the pixel of interest と η is centered on the pixel of interest Ρ η Is distributed to all pixels in a 5 x 5 matrix. The information of the target pixel Ρη is dispersed to all pixels of the matrix, so that the electronic data of the target pixel ηη is subjected to a smoothing process.
この平滑化処理を画像を構成する全ての画素すなわち C C D 2 2のすベての画素 について実施する。 平滑化処理は 1つの画素について周囲 2 4個の画素において実 施されるので、 1つの画素ごとに 2 5回の平滑化処理が実施される。.周囲の各画素 について実施された平滑化処理の総和が平滑化処理後の電子デ一夕となる。 また、 平滑化処理は輝度 Y、 色差 C rおよび色差 C bについてそれぞれ実施される。  This smoothing process is performed on all the pixels constituting the image, that is, all the pixels of CCD22. Since the smoothing process is performed on 24 pixels around one pixel, the smoothing process is performed 25 times for each pixel. . The sum of the smoothing processes performed on each of the surrounding pixels is the electronic data after the smoothing process. The smoothing process is performed on the luminance Y, the chrominance Cr, and the chrominance Cb, respectively.
(書き込み手段)  (Writing means)
平滑化処理手段 6 4により平滑化処理が完了すると、 処理を完了した電子データ は書き込み手段 6 5により R AM 3 1に書き込まれる (S 1 0 6 )。  When the smoothing processing is completed by the smoothing processing means 64, the completed electronic data is written into the RAM 31 by the writing means 65 (S106).
書き込み手段 6 5により 1画像分の電子データが R AM 3 1へ書き込まれると、 R AM 3 1に記憶されている電子データはフラッシュメモリ 3 2へ記録されるデー 夕量を低減するために圧縮処理される。 圧縮形式としては、 デジタルカメラ 1で撮 影した画像の場合、 J P E G (Joint Photographic Experts Group) あるいは T I F F (Tagged Image File Format) などのファイル形式が使用される。 圧縮された 電子デ一夕はフラッシュメモリ 3 2に記録される。  When the electronic data for one image is written to the RAM 31 by the writing means 65, the electronic data stored in the RAM 31 is compressed to reduce the amount of data recorded in the flash memory 32. It is processed. As the compression format, in the case of an image taken by the digital camera 1, a file format such as JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) or TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) is used. The compressed electronic data is recorded in the flash memory 32.
( 1 ) デジタルカメラ 1の図示しない電源スィッチを 「〇N」 にすると、 デジ 夕ルカメラ 1はいつでも撮影可能な待機状態となる。 このとき、 C C D 2 2では数 分の 1秒〜数百分の 1秒ごとに集光レンズ 2 1により集光された光が電気信号に変 換される。 変換された電気信号は、 AZD変換器 2 3でデジタルの電子データに変 換される。 ユーザがファインダ一として LCD41を使用する場合、 AZD変換器 23から出力されたデジタルの電子データは VRAM 42に転送され、 撮影対象が 動画として LCD 41に表示される。 (1) When the power switch (not shown) of the digital camera 1 is set to “〇N”, the digital camera 1 enters a standby state in which photographing can be performed at any time. At this time, in the CCD 22, the light condensed by the condenser lens 21 is converted into an electric signal every several tenths to several hundredths of a second. The converted electrical signal is converted into digital electronic data by the AZD converter 23. Is replaced. When the user uses the LCD 41 as a finder, the digital electronic data output from the AZD converter 23 is transferred to the VRAM 42, and the shooting target is displayed on the LCD 41 as a moving image.
(2) ユーザによりシャツ夕一ボタン 71が作動範囲の途中まで押し込まれた 「半押し」 状態になると、 露光およびフォーカスが設定され固定される。 撮影時の 露光は、 制御部 10の CPU1 1が集光レンズ 21の絞りやシャツ夕スピードすな わち CCD 22の電荷蓄積時間を制御することにより変更可能である。 デジタル力 メラ 1のシャツ夕は、 物理的に光を遮る機械的なシャツ夕、 あるいは CCD 22の 電荷蓄積時間を制御する電子シャツ夕の一方または両方が使用される。  (2) When the user enters the “half-pressed” state in which the shirt evening button 71 is pushed halfway through the operating range, the exposure and focus are set and fixed. Exposure during photographing can be changed by the CPU 11 of the control unit 10 controlling the aperture of the condenser lens 21 and the shirt speed, that is, the charge accumulation time of the CCD 22. One or both of the mechanical shirts that block the light physically and / or the electronic shirts that control the charge accumulation time of the CCD 22 are used as the shirts of the digital camera.
(3) ユーザによりシャッターポタン 71が作動範囲の限界まで押し込まれた (3) The shutter button 71 is pushed down to the limit of the operating range by the user.
「全押し」 状態となると、 以下のような処理が行われる。 まず、 被写体に対し正確 な測光、 焦点合わせなどを行う。 測光、 焦点合わせが完了すると、 CCD 22に蓄 積されている電荷が一端すベて放電され、 その後集光レンズ 41.により被写体から の光が CCD 22へ入射し、 CCD 22は入射した光の光量に応じた電荷の量に基 づいて電気信号を出力する。 In the “fully pressed” state, the following processing is performed. First, accurate photometry and focusing are performed on the subject. When the photometry and focusing are completed, the electric charge stored in the CCD 22 is discharged once, and then light from the subject enters the CCD 22 by the condenser lens 41. An electric signal is output based on the amount of charge corresponding to the amount of light.
(4) CCD 22から出力された電気信号は AZD変換器 23によりデジタル の電子データに変換される。 デジタルの電子デ一夕は、 高速化のため DMA ( Direct Memory Access) により制御部 10の CPU1 1を介さずに直接 R AM 31 のァドレスを指定して一時的に記憶される。  (4) The electric signal output from the CCD 22 is converted into digital electronic data by the AZD converter 23. The digital electronic data is temporarily stored by DMA (Direct Memory Access) by directly specifying the address of the RAM 31 without going through the CPU 11 of the control unit 10 for speeding up.
(5) RAM 31に記憶された電子データは処理回路 60により上述の処理が 実施されたあと、 適切なカラー画像の電子データとして生成される。 そしてフラッ シュメモリ 32への記録枚数を増加させるために、 J PEGなどのファイル形式の 電子データに圧縮される。  (5) The electronic data stored in the RAM 31 is generated as appropriate color image electronic data after the processing described above is performed by the processing circuit 60. Then, in order to increase the number of recordings in the flash memory 32, the data is compressed into electronic data in a file format such as JPEG.
(6) 電子デ一夕の圧縮が完了すると、 電子データは RAM31からフラッシ ュメモリ 32へ複製され記録される。 以上説明したように、 本発明の第 1実施例によるデジタルカメラ 1によると、 画 像入力手段 2 0から出力された電子データに含まれる輝度 Yから平滑化強度 σを算 出している。 平滑化強度ひから算出されるフィルタ情報は、 あらかじめフラッシュ メモリ 3 2に記録されている。 そのため、 算出された平滑化強度ひからフィルタ情 報を選択し読み出すことにより、 平滑化強度 σが算出されるたびにフィルタ情報を 作成する必要がない。 平滑化強度 σは輝度 Υに応じて輝度 Υが高いときには弱くな るように、 輝度 Υが低いときは強くなるように設定されている。 そのため、 ノイズ が目立ちやすい輝度 Υが低い 分では平滑化強度を高めることができる。 したがつ て、 ノイズの少ない輝度 Υが高い部分のノイズが強調されることなく、 輝度 Υの低 い部分のノイズを集中的に除去することができる。 (6) When the compression of the electronic data is completed, the electronic data is copied from the RAM 31 to the flash memory 32 and recorded. As described above, according to the digital camera 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the smoothing strength σ is calculated from the luminance Y included in the electronic data output from the image input means 20. Filter information calculated from the smoothing intensity is recorded in the flash memory 32 in advance. Therefore, by selecting and reading out the filter information from the calculated smoothing strength, it is not necessary to create the filter information every time the smoothing strength σ is calculated. The smoothing strength σ is set so as to become weaker when the luminance 高 い is high and to become stronger when the luminance 低 い is low, according to the luminance Υ. For this reason, the smoothing strength can be increased in a portion where the luminance や す い at which noise is conspicuous is low. Therefore, noise in low-luminance areas can be intensively removed without emphasizing noise in high-luminance areas with low noise.
また、 輝度成分の分離から平滑化処理を完了した電子データのフラッシュメモリ In addition, the flash memory of electronic data that has completed the smoothing process from the separation of the luminance component
3 2への記録までを専用の処理回路 6 0により C P U 1 1によらずパイプライン処 理を実施している。 したがって、 電子データの処理を迅速に実行することができる (第 2実施例) The pipeline processing is performed by the dedicated processing circuit 60 up to the recording to 32 irrespective of the CPU 11. Therefore, electronic data processing can be executed quickly (second embodiment).
本発明の第 2実施例によるデジタルカメラの処理回路 9 0を図 9、 ならびに処理 の手順を図 1 0に示す。 第 1実施例と実質的に同一の構成部位または手順について は説明を省略する。  FIG. 9 shows a processing circuit 90 of a digital camera according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 10 shows a processing procedure. The description of the same components or procedures as those in the first embodiment will be omitted.
第 2実施例は、 輝度 Yを算出するごとにフィルタ情報を作成する点で第 1実施例 と異なる。  The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that filter information is created each time the luminance Y is calculated.
図 9に示すように、 第 2実施例によるデジタルカメラの処理回路 9 0は、 分離手 段 9 1、 色強度算出手段 9 2、 フィルタ情報作成手段 9 3、 平滑化手段 9 4および 書き込み手段 9 5を備えている。  As shown in FIG. 9, the processing circuit 90 of the digital camera according to the second embodiment includes a separating means 91, a color intensity calculating means 92, a filter information creating means 93, a smoothing means 94, and a writing means 9 Has five.
分離手段 9 1および色強度算出手段 9 2は第 1実施例と同様である。 フィルタ情 報作成手段 9 3は、 色強度算出手段 9 2により算出された輝度 Yに基づいて第 1実 施例で説明した式 (A) から平滑化強度ひが算出され、 式 (C ) からフィル夕情報 が作成される。 すなわち、 画像の各画素から出力される電子デ一夕に含まれる輝度 Yが分離されるごとに、 各画素についてフィルタ情報が作成されることになる。 第 2実施例では、 C C D 2 2から出力された電子データから輝度成分を分離し ( S 2 0 1 )、 分離された輝度成分から輝度 Yを算出する手順は (S 2 0 2 )、 第 1実 施例と同様である。 第 2実施例では、 算出された輝度 Yに基づいて、 フィルタ情報 作成手段 9 3により平滑化強度 σが算出され (S 2 0 3 )、 フィル夕情報が作成さ れる (S 2 0 4 )。 平滑化手段 9 4は、 フィルタ情報作成手段 9 3により作成され たフィルタ情報に基づいて、 画素から出力された電子データを平滑化処理する (S 2 0 5 )。 平滑化処理された電子データは、 書き込み手段 9 5により記録部 3 0の R AM 3 1へ記録される。 The separating means 91 and the color intensity calculating means 92 are the same as in the first embodiment. The filter information creating means 93 performs the first actual processing based on the luminance Y calculated by the color intensity calculating means 92. The smoothing strength is calculated from the equation (A) described in the embodiment, and file information is created from the equation (C). That is, each time the luminance Y included in the electronic data output from each pixel of the image is separated, filter information is created for each pixel. In the second embodiment, the procedure of separating the luminance component from the electronic data output from the CCD 22 (S201) and calculating the luminance Y from the separated luminance component is (S202). It is the same as the embodiment. In the second embodiment, the filter information creating means 93 calculates the smoothing strength σ based on the calculated luminance Y (S203), and creates filter information (S204). The smoothing means 94 smoothes the electronic data output from the pixel based on the filter information created by the filter information creating means 93 (S205). The electronic data subjected to the smoothing process is recorded in the RAM 31 of the recording unit 30 by the writing means 95.
第 2実施例では、 画素から輝度 Yが算出されるごとに各画素に対応したフィルタ 情報が作成される。 そのため、 より効果的にノイズの除去を実施することができる 以上、 本発明の複数の実施例では、 補色フィルタを有する C C Dにおいて所定の 色成分として輝度を用いる場合について説明した。 しかし、 補色フィル夕に限らず 例えば R G Bの原色フィルタを用いることも可能であり、 原色フィル夕を用いる場 合は、 輝度にかわって R、 G、 Bのいずれかの色成分の強度から平滑化強度を算出 することも可能である。 また、 補色フィルタの場合でも、 輝度に限らず所定の色成 分の強度から平滑化強度を算出してもよい。  In the second embodiment, each time luminance Y is calculated from a pixel, filter information corresponding to each pixel is created. Therefore, the noise can be more effectively removed. In the embodiments of the present invention, the case where luminance is used as a predetermined color component in a CCD having a complementary color filter has been described. However, it is also possible to use not only the complementary color filter but also, for example, an RGB primary color filter. It is also possible to calculate the intensity. Further, even in the case of a complementary color filter, the smoothing intensity may be calculated from the intensity of a predetermined color component without being limited to the luminance.
また、 本発明の複数の実施例では、 2 5 6階調のカラー画像の例について説明し たが、 1 0 2 4階調のカラ一画像、 4 0 9 6階調のカラ一画像、 グレースケールの 画像、 または 2値のモノクロ画像などを入力画像とすることができる。  Further, in the embodiments of the present invention, an example of a color image of 256 gradations has been described. However, a color image of 124 gradations, a color image of 496 gradations, and a gray image are described. A scale image or a binary monochrome image can be used as the input image.
本発明の複数の実施例では画像処理装置としてデジタルカメラに適用したが、 デ ジ夕ルカメラに限らずスキヤナゃ複写機などの画像読み取り装置による画像処理、 あるいはプリ フトウエアによる画像処理に本発明を適用す ることができる t In a plurality of embodiments of the present invention, an image processing apparatus is applied to a digital camera. T or that can you to apply the present invention to the image processing by the pre Futouea

Claims

請求の範囲 The scope of the claims
1 . 入力された画像の電子データを平滑化し、 前記電子データに含まれる雑音を 除去する画像処理方法であって、 1. An image processing method for smoothing electronic data of an input image and removing noise included in the electronic data,
所定の色成分の強度から前記電子デ一夕を平滑化するための平滑化強度を算出す る強度算出段階を含むことを特徴とする画像処理方法。  An image processing method, comprising an intensity calculation step of calculating a smoothing intensity for smoothing the electronic data from the intensity of a predetermined color component.
2 . 前記強度算出段階で算出された前記平滑化強度に基づいて、 あらかじめ設定 されているフィル夕情報を選択するフィルタ情報選択段階と、  2. A filter information selecting step of selecting preset filter information based on the smoothing strength calculated in the strength calculating step;
前記フィル夕情報選択段階で選択された前記フィルタ情報に基づいて前記電子デ 一夕を平滑化する平滑化処理段階と、  A smoothing processing step of smoothing the electronic data based on the filter information selected in the filtering information selecting step;
を含むことを特徴とする請求項 1記載の画像処理方法。  2. The image processing method according to claim 1, comprising:
3 . 前記強度算出段階で算出された前記平滑化強度に基づいて、 フィルタ情報を 作成するフィル夕情報作成段階と、  3. A filter information creation step of creating filter information based on the smoothing strength calculated in the strength calculation step;
前記フィル夕情報作成段階で作成された前記フィル夕情報に基づいて前記電子デ 一夕を平滑化する平滑化処理段階と、  A smoothing processing step of smoothing the electronic data based on the file information created in the file information creating step;
を含むことを特徴とする請求項 1記載の画像処理方法。  2. The image processing method according to claim 1, comprising:
4 . 前記平滑化強度は、 前記色成分の強度に対応するノィズ量が小さいときは弱 く、 前記ノイズ量が大きいときは強くなるように設定されていることを特徴とする 請求項 1、 2または 3記載の画像処理方法。 4. The smoothing intensity is set to be weak when the noise amount corresponding to the intensity of the color component is small and to be strong when the noise amount is large. Or the image processing method described in 3.
5 . 入力された画像の電子データを平滑化し、 前記電子デ一夕に含まれる雑音を 除去するための処理をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムが記録された記 録媒体であって、  5. A recording medium on which a program for causing a computer to execute processing for smoothing electronic data of an input image and removing noise included in the electronic data is recorded,
所定の色成分の強度から前記電子データを平滑化するための平滑化強度を算出す る強度算出手順を含むことを特徴とする記録媒体。  A recording medium comprising an intensity calculation step of calculating a smoothing intensity for smoothing the electronic data from an intensity of a predetermined color component.
6 . 前記強度算出手順で算出された前記平滑化強度に基づいて、 あらかじめ設定 されているフィルタ情報を選択するフィルタ情報選択手順と、 6. Set in advance based on the smoothing strength calculated in the strength calculation procedure Filter information selection procedure to select the filter information that has been
前記フィル夕情報選択段階で選択された前記フィル夕情報に基づいて前記電子デ 一夕を平滑化する平滑化処理手順と、  A smoothing processing procedure for smoothing the electronic data based on the file information selected in the file information selecting step;
を含むことを特徴とする請求項 5記載の記録媒体。  6. The recording medium according to claim 5, comprising:
7 . 前記強度算出手順で算出された前記平滑化強度に基づいて、 フィルタ情報を 作成するフィル夕情報作成手順と、 7. A filter information creating step of creating filter information based on the smoothing strength calculated in the strength calculating step;
前記フィル夕情報作成手順で作成された前記フィル夕情報に基づいて前記電子デ 一夕を平滑化する平滑化処理手順と、  A smoothing processing procedure for smoothing the electronic data based on the file information created in the file information creating procedure;
を含むことを特徴とする請求項 5記載の記録媒体。  6. The recording medium according to claim 5, comprising:
8 . 前記平滑化強度は、 前記色成分の強度に対応するノイズ量が小さいときは弱 く、 前記ノイズ量が大きいときは強くなるように設定されていることを特徴とする 請求項 5、 6または 7記載の記録媒体。 8. The smoothing intensity is set to be weak when the noise amount corresponding to the intensity of the color component is small, and to be strong when the noise amount is large. Or the recording medium according to 7.
9 . 画像情報が入力され、 前記画像情報を電子データとして出力可能な画像入力 手段と、  9. Image input means to which image information is input and which can output the image information as electronic data;
前記画像入力手段から出力された前記電子データに含まれる所定の色成分の強度 から前記電子データを平滑化するための平滑化強度を算出する強度算出手段と、 を備えることを特徴とする画像処理装置。  Image processing means for calculating a smoothing intensity for smoothing the electronic data from an intensity of a predetermined color component included in the electronic data output from the image input means. apparatus.
1 0 . 前記強度算出手段により算出された平滑化強度に基づいて、 あらかじめ設 定されているフィル夕情報が記録されている記録部と、  10. A recording unit in which preset file information is recorded based on the smoothing intensity calculated by the intensity calculating means,
前記強度算出手段により算出された前記平滑化強度に基づいて前記記録部に記録 されている前記フィルタ情報から特定フィルタ情報を選択するフィルタ情報選択手 段と、  Filter information selection means for selecting specific filter information from the filter information recorded in the recording unit based on the smoothing intensity calculated by the intensity calculation means;
前記フィル夕情報選択手段により選択された前記特定フィル夕情報に基づいて前 記画像入力手段から出力される前記電子データに平滑化処理を実行する平滑化処理 手段と、 前記平滑化処理手段により平滑化処理された電子デー夕を前記記録部に記録する 書き込み手段と、 Smoothing processing means for performing smoothing processing on the electronic data output from the image input means based on the specific filter information selected by the filter information selecting means; A writing unit that records the electronic data that has been smoothed by the smoothing processing unit in the recording unit;
を備えることを特徴とする請求項 9記載の画像処理装置。  10. The image processing apparatus according to claim 9, comprising:
1 1 . 前記強度算出手段により算出された平滑化強度に基づいてフィルタ情報を 作成するフィルタ情報作成手段と、  11. Filter information creating means for creating filter information based on the smoothing strength calculated by the strength calculating means;
前記フィル夕情報作成手段により作成された前記フィルタ情報に基づいて前記画 像入力手段から出力される前記電子データに平滑化処理を実行する平滑化処理手段 と、  Smoothing processing means for performing a smoothing process on the electronic data output from the image input means based on the filter information created by the filter information creating means;
前記平滑化処理手段により平滑化された電子デー夕を記録可能な記録部と、 前記平滑化処理手段により平滑化された電子データを前記記録部に記録する書き 込み手段と、  A recording unit capable of recording the electronic data smoothed by the smoothing processing unit; a writing unit recording the electronic data smoothed by the smoothing processing unit in the recording unit;
を備えることを特徴とする請求項 9記載の画像処理装置。  10. The image processing apparatus according to claim 9, comprising:
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