WO2001061821A1 - Schaltungsanordnung mit einer kette von kapazitäten - Google Patents
Schaltungsanordnung mit einer kette von kapazitäten Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001061821A1 WO2001061821A1 PCT/DE2001/000135 DE0100135W WO0161821A1 WO 2001061821 A1 WO2001061821 A1 WO 2001061821A1 DE 0100135 W DE0100135 W DE 0100135W WO 0161821 A1 WO0161821 A1 WO 0161821A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- capacitors
- double
- circuit arrangement
- threshold switch
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title abstract description 48
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
Definitions
- the invention relates to a circuit arrangement with a large number of capacitances connected in series.
- Double-layer capacitors - often also called supercapacitors or ultracapacitors or ultracaps - enable a new type of electrochemical energy storage. With regard to the energy density and the access time to the energy content, they lie between large aluminum electrolytic capacitors and smaller accumulators. Energy is stored in accumulators with the help of reversible chemical reactions. Capacitors, on the other hand, use the polarization of a dielectric in the electric field to store energy. Double-layer capacitors, on the other hand, have no dielectric. They store the electrical energy by means of charge shifts at the interface between an electrode and an electrolyte.
- the underlying effect is also known as the Helmholtz effect. This effect occurs when a voltage is applied between two carbon electrodes immersed in an electrolyte. A continuous current only flows when the voltage applied to the carbon electrodes exceeds a certain decomposition voltage. At the same time, gas evolution occurs as a result of a chemical reaction on the surface of the carbon electrodes. However, if the voltage applied to the carbon electrodes remains below this decomposition voltage, the carbon electrodes behave like the electrodes of a capacitor. Ions from the electrolyte accumulate when the voltage is applied to the interface with the carbon electrode and the carbon electrodes accordingly charge positively or negatively. The energy to be stored depends on the available surface of the carbon the electrode, the size of the ions and the level of the decomposition voltage.
- the permissible operating voltage of double-layer capacitors remains limited to a few volts. Since the operating voltage is much higher in most applications, several double-layer capacitors generally have to be connected in series to form a module. Because of the different values of the individual capacitors and because of the different self-discharge behavior, the total voltage applied is not divided evenly between the individual double-layer capacitors. As a result, overvoltages can occur at individual double-layer capacitors, which lead to the destruction of the double-layer capacitor.
- the object of the invention is therefore to create a circuit arrangement with a large number of capacitances connected in series, in which the occurrence of overvoltages is effectively suppressed.
- the voltages on the capacitors are set by impedances connected in parallel with the capacitors, the magnitudes of the impedances being controlled with the aid of control means as a function of the voltages on the capacitors.
- the circuit arrangement according to the invention has impedances connected in parallel with the capacitors. Since the size of these impedances can be changed, overvoltages applied to the capacitances can be effectively suppressed by lowering the impedance value. It is particularly advantageous that the impedances adapt to the respective operating state of the circuit arrangement.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention is a chain of double-layer capacitors, each of which is assigned a control means. Modules can be formed from the double-layer capacitor and the associated control means, which can be strung together in any number.
- the voltage applied to the double-layer capacitor is effectively limited to permissible values, so that no harmful overvoltages occur at the individual double-layer capacitor.
- control means comprises a two-point control, which switches the impedances back and forth between two predetermined values.
- the two-point control is expediently carried out with the aid of a threshold value switch, which lowers the value of the impedance at voltages on the double-layer capacitor above a predetermined threshold voltage.
- a threshold value switch which lowers the value of the impedance at voltages on the double-layer capacitor above a predetermined threshold voltage.
- FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement according to the invention.
- the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 1 has a chain 1 composed of double-layer capacitors 2, which are also denoted by C-pi to C * ßn in FIG. Modules 3 are connected in parallel with the double-layer capacitors 2, the middle one of which is shown in detail in FIG.
- the module 3 is connected to the chain 1 via a ground line 4 and a voltage line 5.
- ground line should not mean that the ground line 4 is at a defined potential. Rather, the potential of the ground line 4 can float freely depending on the voltage applied to the double-layer capacitor C- Q 2.
- ground line is only intended to express that the ground line 4 has the function of a ground within the module 3. The same applies to the voltage line 5.
- the central part of the module 3 is the threshold switch 6.
- the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is a threshold switch with the designation
- the threshold switch 6 is connected to the voltage line 5 via a low-pass filter formed by a resistor R5 and a capacitor C1.
- the low-pass filter formed by the resistor R5 and the capacitor Cl serves to stabilize the voltage supply to the threshold switch 6.
- the low-pass filter is followed by a voltage divider composed of the resistors R4 and R3, via which the voltage drop across the double-layer capacitor C-Q2 is applied to a non-inverting input 7 of the threshold - value switch 6 is created.
- An inverting input 8 of the threshold switch 6 is supplied with a voltage from a reference output 9 of the threshold switch 6.
- the reference output 9 also supplies a voltage divider from the resistors R1 and R2, from which a voltage for a hysteresis input 10 is tapped.
- the hysteresis of the threshold switch 6 can be set by the voltage present at the hysteresis input 10.
- the Threshold switch 6 via a ground input 11, which is connected to the ground line 4.
- an output 12 of the threshold switch 6 becomes low-resistance and acts as a current sink. Conversely, the output 12 of the threshold switch 6 becomes high-resistance when the voltage at the non-inverting input 7 falls below the voltage at the inverting input 8.
- a pull-up resistor R6 is provided in order to use the switching behavior of the threshold switch 6 to generate a voltage signal.
- a voltage essentially corresponding to the voltage on the voltage line 5 is present at the input 12 of a downstream Darlington circuit 1 made of NPN transistors when the threshold switch 6 has a high resistance.
- a voltage corresponding to the voltage on the ground line 4 is present at the input 12 of the Darlington circuit T1 when the output 11 of the threshold switch 6 has a low resistance.
- the output 11 of the threshold switch 6 can also have a high resistance if it should be switched to a low resistance as a result of the voltages present at the non-inverting input 7 and inverting input 8. This is the case when the operating voltage of the threshold switch 6, that is to say the voltage between the ground line 4 and the voltage line 5, falls below a permissible lower limit value.
- the resistor R7 is provided between the input 12 of the Darlington circuit D1 and the ground line 4. In this case, the input 12 of the Darlington circuit T1 is pulled to the potential of the ground line 4 and prevents the Darlington circuit T1 from being switched through.
- a collector connection 13 of the Darlington circuit T1 is connected via a voltage divider consisting of a resistor R8 and a wi- the stand R9 connected to the base of a PNP transistor T2. Accordingly, the transistor T2 opens when the Darlington circuit Tl turns on. By opening the transistor T2, a low-resistance drain resistor RIO is finally released, by means of which the voltage applied to the double-layer capacitor C- Q 2 is reduced.
- the module 3 assumes an impedance value which essentially corresponds to the ohmic resistance of the lead resistance RIO.
- the module 3 has an impedance with an ohmic resistance, which is primarily determined by the resistors R3 to R7.
- a light-emitting diode 15 can be present in parallel with the drain resistor RIO.
- a series resistor R11 is finally provided to limit the current through the light-emitting diode 15.
- the modules 3 effectively limit the voltage occurring at the double-layer capacitors 2. It is therefore not to be feared that overvoltages can occur at the double-layer capacitors 2 which are above the permissible limit value. This makes it possible to build chains with a total nominal voltage of several 100 V. claims
- Circuit arrangement with a plurality of series-connected capacitors (2), characterized in that the voltages across the capacitors (2) are set by impedances (R3-R7, RIO) connected in parallel with the capacitors (2), the sizes of the Impedances (R3-R7, RIO) are controlled with the aid of control means (6, Tl, T2) depending on the voltages on the capacitors (2).
- impedances R3-R7, RIO
- control means are each formed by a control device (6, Tl, T2) assigned to a capacitance (2).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01907353A EP1258069A1 (de) | 2000-02-18 | 2001-01-15 | Schaltungsanordnung mit einer kette von kapazitäten |
KR1020027010658A KR20020077467A (ko) | 2000-02-18 | 2001-01-15 | 연속된 커패시터를 갖는 회로 장치 |
AU2001235346A AU2001235346A1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2001-01-15 | Circuit arrangement comprising a chain of capacitors |
JP2001560506A JP2004501594A (ja) | 2000-02-18 | 2001-01-15 | キャパシタンスチェーンを備えた回路装置 |
CA002396105A CA2396105A1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2001-01-15 | Circuit arrangement comprising a chain of capacitors |
BR0108447-0A BR0108447A (pt) | 2000-02-18 | 2001-01-15 | Disposição de circuito com uma cadeia de capacitores |
HU0300889A HUP0300889A2 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2001-01-15 | Circuit arrangement comprising a chain of capacitors |
NO20023849A NO20023849D0 (no) | 2000-02-18 | 2002-08-14 | Kretsanordning med en kjede av kondensatorer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10007417.0 | 2000-02-18 | ||
DE10007417A DE10007417A1 (de) | 2000-02-18 | 2000-02-18 | Schaltungsanordnung mit einer Kette von Kapazitäten |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001061821A1 true WO2001061821A1 (de) | 2001-08-23 |
Family
ID=7631421
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2001/000135 WO2001061821A1 (de) | 2000-02-18 | 2001-01-15 | Schaltungsanordnung mit einer kette von kapazitäten |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030011346A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1258069A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2004501594A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20020077467A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2001235346A1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR0108447A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2396105A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10007417A1 (de) |
HU (1) | HUP0300889A2 (de) |
NO (1) | NO20023849D0 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001061821A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7436150B2 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2008-10-14 | Aerovironment Inc. | Energy storage apparatus having a power processing unit |
JP4367374B2 (ja) * | 2005-05-16 | 2009-11-18 | パナソニック株式会社 | 蓄電装置 |
DE102006012190B4 (de) * | 2006-03-16 | 2010-02-11 | Epcos Ag | Kondensator mit einem Symmetriermodul |
US20170117730A1 (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2017-04-27 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Efficient supercapacitor charging technique by a hysteretic charging scheme |
KR102295533B1 (ko) * | 2017-06-30 | 2021-08-30 | 에이브이엑스 코포레이션 | 울트라커패시터 모듈을 위한 밸런싱 회로 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0564149A2 (de) * | 1992-04-03 | 1993-10-06 | JEOL Ltd. | Stromversorgung mit Speicherkondensator |
US5528121A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1996-06-18 | Jeol Ltd. | Storage capacitor power supply |
US5726552A (en) * | 1995-02-27 | 1998-03-10 | Jeol Ltd. | Method and apparatus for controlling charging of electrical power storage unit |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6104759A (en) * | 1997-09-15 | 2000-08-15 | Research In Motion Limited | Power supply system for a packet-switched radio transmitter |
DE19753210A1 (de) * | 1997-12-01 | 1999-07-01 | Gruendl & Hoffmann | Wiederaufladbare elektrische Stromquelle |
-
2000
- 2000-02-18 DE DE10007417A patent/DE10007417A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-01-15 KR KR1020027010658A patent/KR20020077467A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-01-15 HU HU0300889A patent/HUP0300889A2/hu unknown
- 2001-01-15 BR BR0108447-0A patent/BR0108447A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-01-15 US US10/203,768 patent/US20030011346A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-15 CA CA002396105A patent/CA2396105A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-15 AU AU2001235346A patent/AU2001235346A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-15 JP JP2001560506A patent/JP2004501594A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-01-15 EP EP01907353A patent/EP1258069A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-01-15 WO PCT/DE2001/000135 patent/WO2001061821A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2002
- 2002-08-14 NO NO20023849A patent/NO20023849D0/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0564149A2 (de) * | 1992-04-03 | 1993-10-06 | JEOL Ltd. | Stromversorgung mit Speicherkondensator |
US5528121A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1996-06-18 | Jeol Ltd. | Storage capacitor power supply |
US5726552A (en) * | 1995-02-27 | 1998-03-10 | Jeol Ltd. | Method and apparatus for controlling charging of electrical power storage unit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2396105A1 (en) | 2001-08-23 |
NO20023849L (no) | 2002-08-14 |
US20030011346A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
DE10007417A1 (de) | 2001-09-13 |
AU2001235346A1 (en) | 2001-08-27 |
NO20023849D0 (no) | 2002-08-14 |
BR0108447A (pt) | 2003-04-01 |
HUP0300889A2 (en) | 2003-07-28 |
JP2004501594A (ja) | 2004-01-15 |
KR20020077467A (ko) | 2002-10-11 |
EP1258069A1 (de) | 2002-11-20 |
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