WO2001027226A1 - Lubrifiant pour l'usinage de metaux, contenant des nanoparticules ferromagnetiques ou ferrimagnetiques - Google Patents

Lubrifiant pour l'usinage de metaux, contenant des nanoparticules ferromagnetiques ou ferrimagnetiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001027226A1
WO2001027226A1 PCT/EP2000/009686 EP0009686W WO0127226A1 WO 2001027226 A1 WO2001027226 A1 WO 2001027226A1 EP 0009686 W EP0009686 W EP 0009686W WO 0127226 A1 WO0127226 A1 WO 0127226A1
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Prior art keywords
lubricant
oil
ferromagnetic
water
ferrimagnetic
Prior art date
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PCT/EP2000/009686
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ilona Lange
Marcel Roth
Original Assignee
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien
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Publication date
Application filed by Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien filed Critical Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien
Priority to EP00972675A priority Critical patent/EP1232235A1/fr
Publication of WO2001027226A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001027226A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/44—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids
    • H01F1/445—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids the magnetic component being a compound, e.g. Fe3O4
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
    • B23Q11/1038—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality
    • B23Q11/1061—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality using cutting liquids with specially selected composition or state of aggregation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/04—Metals; Alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
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    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/44—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2201/02—Water
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    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/05—Metals; Alloys
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    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/061—Carbides; Hydrides; Nitrides
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    • C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
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    • C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
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    • C10M2201/14—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions inorganic compounds surface treated with organic compounds
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    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
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    • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
    • C10M2207/046—Hydroxy ethers
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    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to oil-based lubricants for the shaping or machining of metals. These lubricants are used as cooling lubricants. An improvement in the lubricating effect compared to conventional cooling lubricants is achieved in that the lubricants contain ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic nanoparticles. Furthermore, the invention relates to methods for forming or for machining metals, oil-based lubricants containing ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic nanoparticles being used as the cooling lubricant.
  • Lubricants hereinafter also referred to as cooling lubricants, are preparations / mixtures that are used in grinding or cutting / sawing, in metal cutting and in metal forming to cool and lubricate the tools.
  • the most important machining processes differ in the type of movements that the machined part and tool perform, the geometry of the parts to be manufactured and the machining parameters. A distinction is made, for example, between milling, turning, drilling and grinding as machining operations, as well as rolling, deep drawing and cold extrusion as non-cutting forming.
  • the common principle of metal-cutting processes is that the cutting edge engages the material and lifts a chip off the surface, creating a new surface. Very high pressures are required to break up the material. The deformation of the chip and the friction that occurs under pressure create heat that heats up the workpiece, the tool and, above all, the chips.
  • cooling lubricants The desired effect of using cooling lubricants is therefore the lowering of the temperature that would otherwise occur in the chips.
  • B. can rise to 1000 ° C, and ⁇ ie oei ⁇ en nergesteluen parts influence the dimensional accuracy Has.
  • Another main task of cooling lubricants is to improve the service life of tools that wear out quickly under the influence of high temperatures.
  • the use of a cooling lubricant reduces the roughness of the surfaces, since the lubricant prevents welding of the tool and the workpiece surface and prevents particles from sticking.
  • the cooling lubricant takes on the task of removing the chips that have formed.
  • Water-mixed cooling lubricants are produced by the user by mixing a concentrate of the water-miscible cooling lubricant with process water. As a rule, approximately 5% aqueous emulsions are produced.
  • the advantage of this type of cooling lubricant is the good cooling effect, which is based on the thermal properties of the water. Due to the good cooling effect, it is possible to achieve very high working speeds and thus increase the productivity of machines.
  • the lubricating effect of the water-mixed cooling lubricants is sufficient for most machining processes in machining. Another advantage is the low cost that can be achieved by mixing the concentrate with water.
  • water-mixed cooling lubricants are sensitive to external influences, in particular to attack by microorganisms, and therefore require more control and maintenance than non-water-miscible cooling lubricants such as cutting oils, grinding oils and forming oils.
  • Ulimann 's Encyclopaedia of Industrial Cnemisiry provides an overview of the shaping processes and the tools that are usually used for this purpose. 5th Ec. vol. AI 5 479-486. The spectrum The forms of supply of the auxiliaries in question range from oils to oil-in-water emulsions to aqueous solutions.
  • Non-water-miscible and water-miscible cooling lubricants are often based on mineral oil.
  • the mineral oil qualities used are predominantly combinations of paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds.
  • so-called synthetic lubricants such as polyalphaolefins, polyalkylene glycols and glycol ethers, dialkyl ethers, acetals, natural ester oils and synthetic esters and their derivatives are also important.
  • cooling lubricants In order to meet practical requirements, cooling lubricants must contain various components in addition to the base oil.
  • the most important substance groups are the emulsifiers, anti-corrosion additives, biocides, EP additives, polar additives, anti-fog additives, anti-aging agents, solid lubricant additives and defoamers.
  • Emulsifiers e.g. surfactants, petroleum sulfonates, alkali soaps, alkanolamine soaps
  • Emulsifiers stabilize the fine distribution of oil droplets in the aqueous working fluid, which is an oil-in-water emulsion.
  • the emulsifiers represent an important group of additives for water-miscible cooling lubricants.
  • Usual corrosion protection additives e.g. alkanolamines and their salts, sulfonates, organic boron compounds, fatty acid amides, aminodicarboxylic acids, phosphoric acid esters, thiophosphonic acid esters, dialkyldithiophosphates, mono- and dialkylarylsulfonates, benzothazoles, polyisobutene succinic acid derivatives
  • Some corrosion protection additives also have emulsifying properties and are therefore also used as emulsifiers.
  • Biocides e.g. phenol derivatives, formaldehyde derivatives, Kathon MW
  • EP additives e.g. sulfurized fats and oils, compounds containing phosphorus, organochlorine compounds
  • Polar additives e.g. natural fats and oils, synthetic esters
  • Anti-aging agents e.g. organic sulfides, zinc dithiophosphates, aromatic amines
  • the second important function of the cooling lubricants is the lubricating effect.
  • the effect of the lubricating components is based on the formation of surface layers that have a lower shear strength than the base material and thus reduce friction and wear.
  • the spectrum of the surface states ranges from adsorptively bound layers through chemisorption to chemical reaction layers that create a firm bond to the metal surface.
  • lubricant coating on a surface is adsorptive lubricant layers. They are produced, for example, by mineral oils without special additives.
  • the formation of the adsorption layers can be increased by adding polar active ingredients such as fatty alcohols or fatty esters.
  • polar active ingredients such as fatty alcohols or fatty esters.
  • chemisorptive lubricant film formers are fatty acids.
  • the hydrophilic carboxyl group is chemically bound to the metal surface by reaction with the metal atoms and the hydrophobic hydrocarbon residue is aligned perpendicular to the surface.
  • the increased adhesive strength of the chemisorptive layer improves the pressure absorption capacity compared to purely adsorptive lubricant layers, but is still not sufficient for many cases of metal forming to reduce friction and wear. It is only when EP or AW additives (extreme pressure or anti wear additives) are added that there is a sufficient improvement in lubrication performance so that even difficult forming processes are possible.
  • EP or AW additives extreme pressure or anti wear additives
  • Water-mixed cooling lubricants are a widely used type of cooling lubricant. In practice, however, different water-mixed cooling lubricants are used in order to meet the different requirements with regard to corrosion protection for the different processed materials, lubricating effect at high working speeds, service life and, last but not least, occupational safety and environmental behavior.
  • the lubrication properties of conventional lubricants can be specifically improved by using nanoparticles.
  • An article by ZS Hu, JX Dong, G. X Chen (Tribology Intern. Vol. 31, No 7, pp 355-360) describes the use of amorphous iron oxide with a particle size of 20-50 nm to improve the abrasion resistance and Friction coefficient described. This material is obtained from ethanol by drying under supercritical conditions.
  • Fe 3 0 4 is used in a mixture with other oxides in a particle size smaller than 2 ⁇ m.
  • WO 9114757 describes iron oxide in a concentration of 1-30% and a particle size of 10 ⁇ m.
  • JP 01083309 / US 5468402 describes the use of FeO and Fe 3 ⁇ 4 (> 10 ⁇ m) for hot rolling processes.
  • F ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 with particle sizes of 1-5 ⁇ m is described by SU 765344 in concentrations of 8-15% as a solid lubricant for magnetizable surfaces.
  • Quaternary ammonium salts are used as stabilizers in the production of the particles, which can also be carried out by a continuous process Aqueous colloidal suspensions are obtained which are stable for months. If the magnetic particles are separated and dried, the powders obtained can be resuspended under the action of ultrasound el polymerized.
  • German utility model DE-U-93 21 479 discloses an aqueous-based magnetic liquid, magnetic iron oxide particles, which preferably have a size of 5 to 20 nm, by a first monomolecular adsorption layer made of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids and a second adsorption layer made of surface-active alkoxylated Fatty alcohols are stabilized.
  • DE 199 23 625 describes a process for the preparation of redispersible metal oxides or metal hydroxides with a volume-weighted average crystallite size between 1 and 20 nm, where metal hydroxide or metal oxide is precipitated from aqueous solutions of metal salts by raising the pH with a base in the presence of polymeric carboxylic acids separates at least part of the aqueous phase from the metal oxide or metal hydroxide obtained.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide lubricants and lubricating methods using them, in which an improved lubricating effect is achieved.
  • the invention relates to oil-based lubricants for metalworking which contain 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the ready-to-use lubricant, of ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic particles with a volume-weighted average crystallite size in the range from 2 to 80 nm.
  • the volume-weighted average crystallite size is preferably in the range from 8 to 20 nm.
  • the ready-to-use lubricant can be an essentially anhydrous oil or an oil-in-water emulsion.
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of the X-rays used
  • ß is the full width at half the height of the reflection at the diffraction position 2 ⁇ .
  • K is a constant of the order of 1, the exact value of which depends on the crystal shape. This indeterminacy of K can be avoided by determining the line broadening as an integral width ß, where ß is defined as the area under the X-ray diffraction reflex divided by its maximum intensity l 0 :
  • the sizes 2 ⁇ and 2 ⁇ 2 are the minimum and maximum angle position of the Bragg reflex on the 2 ⁇ lens.
  • I (2 ⁇ ) is the measured intensity of the reflection as a function of 29. Using this relationship results in the equation for determining the volume-weighted average crystallite size D.
  • D ⁇ / ßicos ⁇
  • ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic particles which have a hydrophobic organic coating.
  • a hydrophobic organic coating can be achieved, for example, by coating the particles with organic sulfonic or phosphonic acids or with alcohols, each carrying an alkyl radical with a chain length such that the surfaces of the particles are rendered hydrophobic and the dispersibility of the particles in the oil phase is improved , This is the case, for example, with alkyl radicals with chain lengths in the range from 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic particles whose hydrophobizing organic coating consists at least in part of carboxylic acids or whose anions have 8 to 44, preferably 12 to 22, carbon atoms. These are chain lengths that are usually found in fatty acids or so-called dimer fatty acids.
  • the ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic particles can be selected from doped or undoped cobalt ferrite, manganese ferrite, zinc ferrite, nickel ferrite and ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 . The latter is particularly preferred.
  • the lubricants in which the ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic nanoparticles are dispersed can be an essentially anhydrous oil.
  • oils are known in the technical field concerned as cutting or forming oils. They can contain other additives, as exemplified in the introduction. Since the ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic nanoparticles contribute significantly to the lubricating effect, the oil used as a lubricant can contain considerably fewer EP additives than usual or even be free of such additives.
  • the lubricants are an oil-in-water emulsion, the ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic particles being dispersed in the oil phase.
  • Such emulsions are usually prepared by using low or anhydrous emulsion concentrates Mixed water, usually 10 to 50 parts by weight of water are used per part by weight of concentrate.
  • emulsion concentrates can be used to produce the oil-in-water emulsions which differ from the concentrates known and commercially available only in that they contain ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic nanoparticles.
  • the emulsion concentrates and the oil-in-water emulsions which can be prepared therefrom may contain the components which are customary in the technical field concerned and which have been listed above by way of example.
  • the addition of conventional EP additives can at least largely be dispensed with.
  • the oil used as a lubricant or the oil phase of the oil-in-water emulsions can consist of any oil, as is customary in the area of application concerned.
  • oils such as, for example, polyolefins, acetals or dialkyl ethers or biologically based oils, for example ester oils which are triglycerides or modification products thereof occurring in plants or animals, wax esters and fatty acid esters of monoalkanols having 4 to 12 carbon atoms , for example tallow fatty acid ethylhexyl ester or transesterified rapeseed oil, and also fatty acid esters of polyols, it being possible in particular to use trimethyloipropane as the polyol component. Mixtures of such oils can of course also be used.
  • the invention further relates to the use of a dispersion of ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic particles with a volume-weighted average crystallite size in the range from 2 to 80 nm, preferably from 8 to 20 nm in oil for the production of a lubricant as described above.
  • a dispersion of ferromaonetic or ferrimaonetic particles in oil to produce the lubricants which is about 10 to 35 Wt .-% of the ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic particles based on the total weight of the dispersion contains.
  • Another aspect of the invention resides in a process for forming or machining metals using a tool and an oil-based lubricant, using an oil-based lubricant as described above which contains ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic nanoparticles. Examples of the above-mentioned working methods "forming” and “machining” were mentioned at the beginning.
  • a particular advantage of the invention shows itself when the tool is magnetized during the forming or machining of metals or when, for. B. in non-magnetic metals, the place of chip production is exposed to a permanent magnetic field.
  • This can be done electromagnetically, for example.
  • the magnetized tool attracts the ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic oil phase due to the presence of the ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic nanoparticles and thus holds them in place at the machining site, i.e. in the tribo zone. This makes it more difficult to shear off the oil phase.
  • This process aspect is particularly advantageous if an oil-in-water emulsion is used as the cooling lubricant, the oil phase of which contains ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic nanoparticles.
  • the ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic oil phase binds to the tool.
  • a desired particularly high oil concentration is thus present in the tribozone, while sufficient water phase is available for cooling in the periphery of the tribozone.
  • the swarf can be easily removed with the cooling lubricant.
  • ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic nanoparticles for producing oil-based lubricants is that these nanoparticles can have a biocidal, in particular bactericidal, effect.
  • the service life and the service life of the lubricants are improved without the addition of conventional preservatives, for example based on Formaldehyde releasing, is required.
  • a further aspect of the invention resides in a method for forming or machining metals using an oil-based lubricant, the oil-based lubricant not being mixed with a conventional biocide. This is particularly advantageous in terms of occupational and environmental protection.
  • the ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic nanoparticles can be produced by known processes and provided with a hydrophobic coating.
  • the method described in DE 199 23 625 may be mentioned.
  • the manufacturing process can also be operated continuously, which means increased efficiency of the process.
  • the procedure is such that metal hydroxide or metal oxide is continuously precipitated from aqueous solutions of metal salts by raising the pH with a base in the presence of polymeric carboxylic acids by a) a first container with the aqueous solution of the metal salts and a second container with provides an aqueous alkaline solution of a base and a polymeric carboxylic acid, b) continuously removes solution from both containers and mixes the two solutions in a mixing section and, if desired c) closes the precipitation reaction in a tube behind the mixing section.
  • FeCI 3 are dissolved in 40g water.
  • 3.97 g of FeCI 2 * 4H 2 0 are dissolved in a mixture of 8 ml of deionized water and 2 ml of 37% hydrochloric acid. Shortly before the solutions are used in the precipitation process, they are combined to form a mixture.
  • the residue is taken up with 70g soybean oil.
  • the coated magnetic particles are transferred into the oil phase by shaking and adding water.
  • a friction wear test according to Reichert was carried out as a suitability test. This procedure is used to determine the pressure absorption capacity (EP behavior) and to determine the adhesive strength of liquid lubricants.
  • a test roller is adapted to a rotating slip ring by means of a lever system, the lower third of which is immersed in the lubricant to be tested.
  • the test roll which has been cleaned in white spirit, is installed in the swiveling holder.
  • the holder is swung in and clamped.
  • the slip ring remains clamped in the device for several test runs, where it is also cleaned with white spirit after each test run.
  • the test roller is placed on the slip ring by slowly applying the load weight (1.5 kg).
  • the counter on the Reichertwaage is set to 0.
  • the rotating slip ring immersed in the lubricant continuously supplies the contact point with lubricant.
  • the test roller is removed from the slip ring.
  • the test roller is removed and the cut mark is measured using a magnifying glass.
  • the ellipse area is calculated as 0.785 * length * width, or is read off using a number table. So many test runs are carried out until the ellipse surfaces of the last 3 test runs do not differ from one another by more than 10%. The smaller the determined elliptical surface, the greater the pressure absorption capacity.
  • Cooling lubricant emulsions in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion were used as the lubricant.
  • a concentrate of the following composition was mixed with water in the amounts specified below: emulsion concentrate
  • the samples are set up as follows:
  • the emulsion concentrate is 5% based on the finished emulsion, here 3 g.
  • the ferrofluid is added in concentrations of ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic nanoparticles of 0.63% - 5%, also based on the finished emulsion. It is made up with water so that a total of 60 g of emulsion is formed.
  • the lubrication performance improves significantly when a magnet is placed on the test specimen.
  • the lubricant ( ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 ) is thus fixed at the place of action (in this case, test cylinder).

Abstract

L'invention concerne des lubrifiants à base d'huile, pour l'usinage de métaux, qui contiennent 0,1 à 5 % en poids de particules ferromagnétiques ou ferrimagnétiques, par rapport au lubrifiant prêt à l'emploi, la taille moyenne des cristallites (avec pondération du volume) se situant dans une plage comprise entre 2 et 80 nm.
PCT/EP2000/009686 1999-10-12 2000-10-04 Lubrifiant pour l'usinage de metaux, contenant des nanoparticules ferromagnetiques ou ferrimagnetiques WO2001027226A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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EP00972675A EP1232235A1 (fr) 1999-10-12 2000-10-04 Lubrifiant pour l'usinage de metaux, contenant des nanoparticules ferromagnetiques ou ferrimagnetiques

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19949032A DE19949032A1 (de) 1999-10-12 1999-10-12 Schmiermittel zur Metallbearbeitung mit ferromagnetischen oder ferrimagnetischen Nanopartikeln
DE19949032.5 1999-10-12

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WO2001027226A1 true WO2001027226A1 (fr) 2001-04-19

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7419941B2 (en) 2004-07-30 2008-09-02 Southwest Research Institute Lubricant oils and greases containing nanoparticles
EP2028255A1 (fr) 2007-08-02 2009-02-25 Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. Petrobras Procédé pour obtenir un composé intermétallique et son utilisation dans des huiles lubrifiantes
US8507415B2 (en) 2005-05-03 2013-08-13 Southwest Research Institute Lubricant oils and greases containing nanoparticle additives
US8586517B2 (en) 2005-05-03 2013-11-19 Southwest Research Institute Mixed base phenates and sulfonates
CN107029802A (zh) * 2016-11-04 2017-08-11 河西学院 一种制备磁性多孔材料的方法

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005021057A1 (de) * 2005-05-06 2006-11-16 Oemeta Chemische Werke Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufarbeitung von Kühlschmierstoffen
BRPI0605014A (pt) * 2006-11-30 2008-07-15 Petroleo Brasileiro Sa composto intermetálico magnetizado e um óleo lubrificante contendo o mesmo
DE102008039270A1 (de) * 2008-08-23 2010-02-25 Hörmansdörfer, Gerd Antiquietsch-Paste
WO2016109325A1 (fr) 2014-12-30 2016-07-07 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Compositions d'huile lubrifiante contenant des particules encapsulées à échelle microscopique

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US4434063A (en) * 1981-08-07 1984-02-28 Kyodo Yushi Co., Ltd. Lubricant compositions
US4855079A (en) * 1986-10-31 1989-08-08 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Super paramagnetic fluids and methods of making super paramagnetic fluids
DD292825A7 (de) * 1987-12-31 1991-08-14 Addinol,Mineraloel Gmbh Luetzkendorf,De Magnetische fluessigkeiten auf mineraloelbasis -1-
WO2000029524A1 (fr) * 1998-11-12 2000-05-25 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Lubrifiant renfermant des particules de matiere solide de granulometrie inferieure a 500 nm

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US4434063A (en) * 1981-08-07 1984-02-28 Kyodo Yushi Co., Ltd. Lubricant compositions
US4855079A (en) * 1986-10-31 1989-08-08 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Super paramagnetic fluids and methods of making super paramagnetic fluids
DD292825A7 (de) * 1987-12-31 1991-08-14 Addinol,Mineraloel Gmbh Luetzkendorf,De Magnetische fluessigkeiten auf mineraloelbasis -1-
WO2000029524A1 (fr) * 1998-11-12 2000-05-25 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Lubrifiant renfermant des particules de matiere solide de granulometrie inferieure a 500 nm

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7419941B2 (en) 2004-07-30 2008-09-02 Southwest Research Institute Lubricant oils and greases containing nanoparticles
US8507415B2 (en) 2005-05-03 2013-08-13 Southwest Research Institute Lubricant oils and greases containing nanoparticle additives
US8586517B2 (en) 2005-05-03 2013-11-19 Southwest Research Institute Mixed base phenates and sulfonates
EP2028255A1 (fr) 2007-08-02 2009-02-25 Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. Petrobras Procédé pour obtenir un composé intermétallique et son utilisation dans des huiles lubrifiantes
CN107029802A (zh) * 2016-11-04 2017-08-11 河西学院 一种制备磁性多孔材料的方法

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