WO2001018282A2 - Method and arrangement for chemically treating the surfaces of bulk material - Google Patents

Method and arrangement for chemically treating the surfaces of bulk material Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001018282A2
WO2001018282A2 PCT/DE2000/003069 DE0003069W WO0118282A2 WO 2001018282 A2 WO2001018282 A2 WO 2001018282A2 DE 0003069 W DE0003069 W DE 0003069W WO 0118282 A2 WO0118282 A2 WO 0118282A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reactor
bulk material
treatment
batch
reactors
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2000/003069
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2001018282A3 (en
Inventor
Michael Hulyk
Ursula Michelsen-Mohammdein
Marc De Vogelaere
Andreas Püschel
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2001018282A2 publication Critical patent/WO2001018282A2/en
Publication of WO2001018282A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001018282A3/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0242—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical
    • B01J8/025—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical in a cylindrical shaped bed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/08—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
    • B01J8/12—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by gravity in a downward flow
    • B01J8/125—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by gravity in a downward flow with multiple sections one above the other separated by distribution aids, e.g. reaction and regeneration sections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/08—Cleaning involving contact with liquid the liquid having chemical or dissolving effect
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
    • C25D17/16—Apparatus for electrolytic coating of small objects in bulk
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0033—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge charging of particulate material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/142—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving along a vertical axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/18—Door frames; Doors, lids, removable covers
    • F27D1/1858—Doors
    • F27D2001/1891—Doors for separating two chambers in the furnace

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods for chemical surface treatment of bulk material in several treatment steps, in which the bulk material is treated in batches in succession in several reactors with different treatment liquids, the bulk material being introduced into the respective reactor from above, after its treatment from the respective reactor is applied and introduced into the next reactor from above.
  • Such a method is generally known; It is carried out in such a way that bulk material is treated in batches in succession in several reactors with different treatment liquids, by placing the bulk material in bulk material carriers and introducing them into the individual reactors by means of these bulk material carriers, which are generally from open containers with the treatment liquid.
  • the invention has for its object to improve the known method so that it can be carried out with comparatively little effort.
  • the treatment liquid is drained from this reactor and then an opening in the lower region of the respective reactor is released, whereby the batch of bulk material using gravity from each of the reactors and introduced into another reactor arranged below each of the reactors.
  • a major advantage of the method according to the invention is that it can be carried out with comparatively little effort because bulk carriers are not required; the bulk material is transported from reactor to reactor using gravity.
  • Another advantage of the method according to the invention is seen in the fact that it can be integrated in a production chain for the production of components forming the bulk material with, for example, punching or turning, because the reactors are hermetically sealed to the outside via a relatively small opening after introduction of the respective batch can, because the dimensioning of the closure, the reactors need not take into account the introduction of a bulk material carrier.
  • the process according to the invention can be carried out particularly easily if the individual treatment steps in chemical or electrochemical surface treatment require the same amount of time, because reactors of the same size can then be arranged one above the other and the batches of the bulk material can be charged one after the other.
  • these conditions are often not met and it takes a treatment step or it takes time several treatment steps longer than the rest
  • Treatment steps In order to be able to carry out the process according to the invention optimally in such a case, when carrying out a comparatively time-consuming treatment step, at least one additional reactor is used in addition to a first reactor for this treatment step, into which a further batch of the bulk material is only introduced after the preceding batch of the bulk material has been introduced into the first reactor is introduced and then surface treated for itself.
  • this embodiment of the method according to the invention offers the possibility of being able to adapt to the circumstances. For example, if the method according to the invention is only to be used to carry out one and the same chemical surface treatment with, for example, only a single comparatively time-consuming treatment step, then it is advantageous for the continuous handling of the method according to the invention if the further
  • Batch of the bulk material in the at least one additional reactor is subjected to the same comparatively time-consuming treatment step as the preceding batch of the bulk material in the first reactor and the further batch of the bulk material is only discharged from the at least one additional reactor after the preceding batch of the bulk material has been discharged from the first reactor becomes.
  • the at least one additional reactor makes it possible to intercept a comparatively time-consuming treatment step in its effect on the course of the entire process, because after the process according to the invention has reached a stable state, batches of the first reactor and then of the additional reactor are carried out in the others below Reactor in a time can be delivered, which is optimal for designing the method according to the invention.
  • the further batch of the bulk material in the at least one additional reactor is advantageously subjected to a comparatively rapid treatment step and the further batch of the bulk material is discharged from the at least one additional reactor during the course of the comparatively time-consuming process step in the first reactor.
  • This embodiment of the method according to the invention is advantageous in that the bulk material, which is less time-consuming to treat, is to a certain extent during the course of the relatively time-consuming treatment step on the latter
  • the reactor carrying out the treatment step is channeled past, as a result of which a plant for carrying out the process according to the invention can be used particularly well.
  • the invention further relates to an arrangement for the chemical or electrochemical surface treatment of bulk material in several treatment steps with several open-top reactors with different treatment liquids. Such an arrangement is generally known.
  • the reactors have inlet and outlet openings for the treatment liquid and a closable discharge opening in their lower region; the reactors are arranged one above the other.
  • a major advantage of the arrangement according to the invention is seen in the fact that it has a compact structure, so that it is already well suited for integration into a production line in terms of space.
  • the arrangement can be fully encapsulated with regard to its individual reactors, which also favors integration into a production line.
  • At least one additional reactor is arranged to form a distribution turret ,
  • the reactors have a closable insertion opening at the top. It is therefore a complete encapsulation of the individual
  • the reactors are held one above the other on a rod.
  • the arrangement according to the invention is advantageously a
  • Figure 1 shows a side view of a schematic
  • Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a loading device of the arrangement of Figure 1.
  • the arrangement 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a central structural element, a rod 2, on which, apart from a loading station 3, four reactors 4, 5, 6 and 7 are arranged one above the other, which have the same structural design.
  • a distribution turret 8 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, has a first reactor 9 and an additional reactor 10; the turret 8 is also held on the rod 2 and can be rotated about this rod by means of drive devices (not shown).
  • the reactors 4 to 7 can also be swung out.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a reactor as it can be used as one of the reactors 4 to 7 and 11 and 12 according to FIG.
  • the reactor shown has an annular housing 20, for example, which has a cover 21 at the top and a base at the bottom
  • the reactor shown can be attached to the rod 2 according to FIG. 1 by means of an attachment 25 with a bore 26 and by means of an additional attachment 27 with an additional bore 28.
  • the bottom 22 of the reactor shown in Figure 2 is provided with a discharge opening 29 which can be opened or closed by a further closure 30 similar to the closure 24.
  • Treatment liquid may be provided.
  • 20 anodes are expediently arranged on the inside of the reactor housing in such a way that they are insulated from the bulk material; the cathodic connection is formed by additional contact elements.
  • FIG. 3 shows the loading device 3 according to the arrangement
  • Figure 1 in a plan view; It can be seen that the loading device 3 has a series of receiving openings 35 distributed over the circumference, which are filled in one operation to form the individual batches of the bulk material, so that with appropriate control of the entire arrangement and thus also the loading device 3 by means of a control device, not shown in the figures, the bulk material with its individual batches can be processed in the receiving spaces 35 in the arrangement according to FIG. 1.
  • the arrester electrodes are filled as bulk material into the receiving spaces 35 of the loading device 3, the bulk material or the arrester electrodes being divided in batches.
  • the introduction opening 23 of the reactor 4 is released by the control device, not shown, so that the closure 24 of this reactor comes into a position, as shown in illustration B of FIG.
  • the charge of arrester electrodes then falls into the reactor under the influence of gravity.
  • the closure 24 of the reactor 4 in the cover 21 is closed again in an automatically controlled manner, so that it assumes the position according to illustration C in FIG. Since the closure in the discharge opening 29 of the container 4 is in a position as it is can also be seen from diagram C in FIG. 2, treatment liquid can now flow into the reactor 4, as a result of which, for example, the degreasing electrodes are degreased by heat.
  • the treatment liquid used for this is drained out of the reactor 4 via the outlet opening 32 and then the closure 30 in the bottom of the reactor 4 is opened so that it reaches a position as shown in diagram D in FIG shows. Thereafter, the arrester electrodes are discharged, for example by a stirrer, through the discharge opening 29 of the reactor 4 under the influence of gravity into the reactor 5 located thereunder, because its introduction opening is opened by appropriate activation of the closure.
  • the entire batch is in the reactor 5, its introduction opening is closed and an electrolytic degreasing takes place by introducing a further treatment liquid.
  • the discharge opening in the bottom of the reactor 5 is opened, so that the batch of discharge electrodes can now be introduced into the reactor 6 located thereunder as a result of the opened discharge opening.
  • the batch is pickled, which is followed by a further pickling in the reactor 7, which is arranged below the reactor 6 and in which the batch is carried out in the same way by controlling the closures in the respective floor and ceiling of the reactors arrives.
  • the batch of arrester electrodes is then to be nickel-plated, then this batch is transferred to the first container 9 of the distribution turret 8, the structure of which corresponds to that shown in FIG. 2 up to its height. After filling the first container 9 of the
  • Distribution head 8 this is rotated and with a corresponding
  • the first container 9 is rotated out of alignment with the other reactors and the additional reactor 10 is rotated with the alignment of the other reactors. This allows a subsequent batch to be introduced into the additional reactor 10 after the pickling process in the reactor 7 and, for example, to carry out a relatively short rinsing process there.
  • the distribution turret 8 can also be designed in such a way that the first reactor and the at least one additional reactor are arranged in a fixed position; Above and below the fixed reactors there is a rotatable distribution device, for example in a design like the loading device 3.
  • the flushed batch can be transferred into the reactor 11 located below by opening its closure in the bottom, in which, for example, a further flushing takes place.
  • the batch is transferred to the lowest reactor 12, where the batch is dried, in a manner already described above.
  • the batch is discharged into a receptacle 13 and can be sent to further processing from there.
  • the distribution turret 8 is then again controlled by the control device (not shown) into the alignment of the reactors 4 to 7 and 11 and 12 and the batch is washed and dried one after the other fed to the receiving device 13 via the reactors 11 and 12.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for chemically treating the surfaces of bulk material in several treatment steps. The bulk material is successively treated in batch quantities in several reactors with different treatment liquids. The aim of the invention is to carry out said method easily. To this end, the treatment liquid is bled in a reactor (e.g. 4) respectively after a batch of the bulk material has been treated. An outlet (29) of the reactor (4) is subsequently freed. The batch of the bulk material is thus removed from the reactor (4) and supplied to an additional reactor (e.g. 5) that is arranged below the first reactor (4), whereby gravity is used. The invention also relates to an arrangement for chemically treating surfaces. Said arrangement comprises reactors that are open to the top and are provided with an outlet (29) in the lower area thereof. The outlet (29) can be closed. Said reactors are arranged one on top of the other.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Verfahren und Anordnung zur chemischen Oberflächenbehandlung von SchüttgutProcess and arrangement for chemical surface treatment of bulk material
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf Verfahren zur chemischen Oberflächenbehandlung von Schüttgut in mehreren Behandlungs- schritten, bei dem das Schüttgut chargenweise nacheinander in mehreren Reaktoren mit verschiedenen Behandlungsflüssigkeiten behandelt wird, wobei das Schüttgut von oben in den jeweiligen Reaktor eingebracht, nach seiner Behandlung aus dem jeweiligen Reaktor ausgebracht und in den jeweils nächsten Reaktor von oben eingebracht wird.The invention relates to methods for chemical surface treatment of bulk material in several treatment steps, in which the bulk material is treated in batches in succession in several reactors with different treatment liquids, the bulk material being introduced into the respective reactor from above, after its treatment from the respective reactor is applied and introduced into the next reactor from above.
Ein solches Verfahren ist allgemein bekannt; es wird in der Weise durchgeführt, daß Schüttgut chargenweise nacheinander in mehreren Reaktoren mit verschiedenen Behandlungsflüssigkeiten behandelt wird, indem das Schüttgut in Schüttgutträger gegeben wird und mittels dieser Schüttgutträger in die ein- zelnen Reaktoren eingebracht wird, die in der Regel aus oben offenen Behältern mit der jeweiligen Behandlungsflüssigkeit bestehen.Such a method is generally known; It is carried out in such a way that bulk material is treated in batches in succession in several reactors with different treatment liquids, by placing the bulk material in bulk material carriers and introducing them into the individual reactors by means of these bulk material carriers, which are generally from open containers with the treatment liquid.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, das bekannte Ver- fahren so zu verbessern, daß es mit vergleichsweise geringem Aufwand durchführbar ist.The invention has for its object to improve the known method so that it can be carried out with comparatively little effort.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs angegebenen Art erfindungsgemäß nach dem Behandeln ei- ner Charge des Schüttgutes in jeweils einem Reaktor die Behandlungsflüssigkeit aus diesem Reaktor abgelassen und danach eine im unteren Bereich des jeweils einen Reaktors befindliche Öffnung freigegeben, wodurch die Charge des Schüttgutes unter Ausnutzung der Schwerkraft aus dem jeweils einen Reaktor ausgebracht und in einen unterhalb des jeweils einen Reaktors angeordneten weiteren Reaktor eingebracht wird.To achieve this object, according to the invention, after treating a batch of the bulk material in one reactor in each case, the treatment liquid is drained from this reactor and then an opening in the lower region of the respective reactor is released, whereby the batch of bulk material using gravity from each of the reactors and introduced into another reactor arranged below each of the reactors.
Ein wesentlicher Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht darin, daß es mit vergleichsweise geringem Aufwand durchgeführt werden kann, weil Schüttgutträger nicht erforderlich sind; das Schüttgut wird unter Ausnutzung der Schwerkraft von Reaktor zu Reaktor transportiert. Zum geringen Auf- wand trägt ferner bei, daß infolge Fortfalls der Schüttgutträger diese mit dem jeweiligen Schüttgut nicht von einer Be- dienungsperson von einem Reaktor zu einem anderen Reaktor transportiert werden müssen bzw. eine aufwendige Transporteinrichtung zum Einbringen des Schüttgutträgers in den jeweiligen Reaktor und zu dessen Entnahme nicht notwendig ist. Ein weiterer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird darin gesehen, daß es sich in einer Produktionskette zur Herstellung von das Schüttgut bildenden Bauteilen mit beispielsweise Stanzen oder Drehen integrieren läßt, weil die Reaktoren nach Einbringung der jeweiligen Charge nach außen hin über eine relativ kleine Öffnung hermetisch abgeschlossen werden können, da bei der Bemessung des Verschlusses, der Reaktoren das Einbringen eines Schüttgutträgers nicht berücksichtigt zu werden braucht.A major advantage of the method according to the invention is that it can be carried out with comparatively little effort because bulk carriers are not required; the bulk material is transported from reactor to reactor using gravity. The fact that the bulk material carriers no longer have to be transported by the operator from one reactor to another reactor with the respective bulk material or an expensive transport device for introducing the bulk material carrier into the respective reactor and also contributes to the low outlay whose removal is not necessary. Another advantage of the method according to the invention is seen in the fact that it can be integrated in a production chain for the production of components forming the bulk material with, for example, punching or turning, because the reactors are hermetically sealed to the outside via a relatively small opening after introduction of the respective batch can, because the dimensioning of the closure, the reactors need not take into account the introduction of a bulk material carrier.
Besonders einfach läßt sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dann durchführen, wenn die einzelnen Behandlungsschritte bei der chemischen oder elektrochemischen Oberflächenbehandlung einen gleichen Zeitaufwand benötigen, weil dann ohne weiteres Reaktoren mit gleicher Größe übereinander angeordnet und nacheinander mit den Chargen des Schüttgutes beaufschlagt werden können. Häufig sind diese Voraussetzungen jedoch nicht gegeben, und es dauert ein Behandlungsschritt oder es dauern mehrere Behandlungsschritte länger als die übrigenThe process according to the invention can be carried out particularly easily if the individual treatment steps in chemical or electrochemical surface treatment require the same amount of time, because reactors of the same size can then be arranged one above the other and the batches of the bulk material can be charged one after the other. However, these conditions are often not met and it takes a treatment step or it takes time several treatment steps longer than the rest
Behandlungsschritte. Um auch in einem solchen Falle das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren optimal durchführen zu können, wird beim Durchführen eines vergleichsweise zeitaufwendigen Behandlungsschrittes neben einem ersten Reaktor für diesen Behandlungsschritt mindestens ein Zusatzreaktor verwendet, in den eine weitere Charge des Schüttgutes erst nach Einbringen der vorangehenden Charge des Schüttgutes in den ersten Reaktor eingebracht und danach für sich oberflächenbehandelt wird.Treatment steps. In order to be able to carry out the process according to the invention optimally in such a case, when carrying out a comparatively time-consuming treatment step, at least one additional reactor is used in addition to a first reactor for this treatment step, into which a further batch of the bulk material is only introduced after the preceding batch of the bulk material has been introduced into the first reactor is introduced and then surface treated for itself.
Diese Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bietet je nach den Gegebenheiten der vorzunehmenden chemischen Oberflächenbehandlung die Möglichkeit, sich den Gegebenheiten an- passen zu können. Soll das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beispielsweise nur dazu benutzt werden, ein und dieselbe chemische Oberflächenbehandlung mit beispielsweise nur einem einzigen vergleichsweise zeitaufwendigen Behandlungsschritt durchzuführen, dann ist es zum kontinuierlichen Abwickeln des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorteilhaft, wenn die weitereDepending on the circumstances of the chemical surface treatment to be carried out, this embodiment of the method according to the invention offers the possibility of being able to adapt to the circumstances. For example, if the method according to the invention is only to be used to carry out one and the same chemical surface treatment with, for example, only a single comparatively time-consuming treatment step, then it is advantageous for the continuous handling of the method according to the invention if the further
Charge des Schüttgutes in dem mindestens einen Zusatzreaktor demselben vergleichsweise zeitaufwendigen Behandlungsschritt wie die vorgehende Charge des Schüttgutes in dem ersten Reaktor unterzogen wird und aus dem mindestens einen Zusatzreak- tor die weitere Charge des Schüttgutes erst nach Ausbringen der vorangehenden Charge des Schüttgutes aus dem ersten Reaktor ausgebracht wird. Durch den mindestens einen Zusatzreaktor besteht die Möglichkeit, einen vergleichsweise zeitaufwendigen Behandlungsschritt in seiner Auswirkung auf den Ab- lauf des gesamten Verfahrens abzufangen, weil nach Erreichen eines stabilen Zustandes des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens von dem ersten Reaktor und danach von dem Zusatzreaktor Chargen in den darunter befindlichen weiteren Reaktor in einer Zeit- folge abgegeben werden können, die zur Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens optimal ist.Batch of the bulk material in the at least one additional reactor is subjected to the same comparatively time-consuming treatment step as the preceding batch of the bulk material in the first reactor and the further batch of the bulk material is only discharged from the at least one additional reactor after the preceding batch of the bulk material has been discharged from the first reactor becomes. The at least one additional reactor makes it possible to intercept a comparatively time-consuming treatment step in its effect on the course of the entire process, because after the process according to the invention has reached a stable state, batches of the first reactor and then of the additional reactor are carried out in the others below Reactor in a time can be delivered, which is optimal for designing the method according to the invention.
Häufig ergibt sich aber auch die Situation, daß Schüttgut nicht durchgängig in gleicher Weise in seiner Oberfläche chemisch oder elektrochemisch behandelt werden muß; beispielsweise kann sich die Situation ergeben, daß bei der chemischen Oberflächenbehandlung von Schüttgut gerade ein vergleichsweise zeitaufwendiger Behandlungsschritt nicht er- forderlich ist. In diesem Falle wird vorteilhafterweise die weitere Charge des Schüttgutes in dem mindestens einen Zusatzreaktor einem vergleichsweise schnell ablaufenden Behandlungsschritt unterzogen und die weitere Charge des Schüttgutes aus dem mindestens einen Zusatzreaktor während des Ab- laufs des vergleichsweise zeitaufwendigen Verfahrensschrittes in dem ersten Reaktor ausgebracht. Vorteilhaft ist diese Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens insofern, als das zeitlich weniger aufwendig zu behandelnde Schüttgut gewissermaßen während des Zeitablaufs des verhältnismäßig zeitaufwendigen Behandlungsschrittes an dem diesenOften, however, there is also the situation that bulk material does not have to be treated chemically or electrochemically in its surface in the same way; For example, the situation may arise that a comparatively time-consuming treatment step is not necessary in the chemical surface treatment of bulk material. In this case, the further batch of the bulk material in the at least one additional reactor is advantageously subjected to a comparatively rapid treatment step and the further batch of the bulk material is discharged from the at least one additional reactor during the course of the comparatively time-consuming process step in the first reactor. This embodiment of the method according to the invention is advantageous in that the bulk material, which is less time-consuming to treat, is to a certain extent during the course of the relatively time-consuming treatment step on the latter
Behandlungsschritt ausführenden Reaktor vorbeigeschleust wird, wodurch eine Anlage zum Durchführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besonders gut ausgenutzt werden kann.The reactor carrying out the treatment step is channeled past, as a result of which a plant for carrying out the process according to the invention can be used particularly well.
Die Erfindung bezieht sich ferner auf eine Anordnung zur chemischen oder elektrochemischen Oberflächenbehandlung von Schüttgut in mehreren Behandlungsschritten mit mehreren oben offenen Reaktoren mit verschiedenen Behandlungsflüssigkeiten. Eine solche Anordnung ist allgemein bekannt.The invention further relates to an arrangement for the chemical or electrochemical surface treatment of bulk material in several treatment steps with several open-top reactors with different treatment liquids. Such an arrangement is generally known.
Um eine solche Anordnung verhältnismäßig einfach und kompakt ausführen zu können, weisen bei einer Anordnung der angegebe- nen Art erfindungsgemäß die Reaktoren Zu- und Abflußöffnungen für die Behandlungsflüssigkeit und in ihrem unteren Bereich eine verschließbare Ausbringöffnung auf; die Reaktoren sind übereinander angeordnet .In order to be able to carry out such an arrangement in a relatively simple and compact manner, in an arrangement of the specified According to the invention, the reactors have inlet and outlet openings for the treatment liquid and a closable discharge opening in their lower region; the reactors are arranged one above the other.
Ein gewichtiger Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung wird darin gesehen, daß sie einen kompakten Aufbau aufweist, so daß sie sich schon dem Raumbedarf nach gut zur Integration in eine Produktionsstraße eignet. Hinzu kommt, daß sich die An- Ordnung hinsichtlich ihrer einzelnen Reaktoren gut vollkapseln läßt, was zusätzlich die Integration in eine Produktionsstraße begünstigt.A major advantage of the arrangement according to the invention is seen in the fact that it has a compact structure, so that it is already well suited for integration into a production line in terms of space. In addition, the arrangement can be fully encapsulated with regard to its individual reactors, which also favors integration into a production line.
Um mit der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung ohne Störung des Ab- laufs der chemischen Oberflächenbehandlung von Schüttgut auch solche Behandlungen vornehmen zu können, bei denen eine oder mehrere Schritte vergleichsweise zeitaufwendig sind, ist erfindungsgemäß neben einem ersten Reaktor für einen Behandlungsschritt mindestens ein Zusatzreaktor unter Bildung eines Verteilrevolvers angeordnet.In order to be able to carry out such treatments in which one or more steps are comparatively time-consuming with the arrangement according to the invention without disturbing the course of the chemical surface treatment of bulk material, according to the invention, in addition to a first reactor for one treatment step, at least one additional reactor is arranged to form a distribution turret ,
Insbesondere, wenn die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung in eine ProduktionsStraße integriert werden soll, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Reaktoren oben eine verschließbare Einbringöffnung aufweisen. Es ist damit eine volle Kapselung der einzelnenIn particular, if the arrangement according to the invention is to be integrated into a production line, it is advantageous if the reactors have a closable insertion opening at the top. It is therefore a complete encapsulation of the individual
Reaktoren und damit eine vollkommen gekapselte Anordnung möglich, die die Integration in eine Produktionsstraße möglich macht .Reactors and thus a completely encapsulated arrangement possible, which enables integration into a production line.
Bei einer konstruktiv besonders einfach herstellbaren Ausfüh- rungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung sind die Reaktoren an einer Stange übereinander angeordnet gehalten. Der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung ist vorteilhafterweise eineIn an embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention which is particularly simple to construct, the reactors are held one above the other on a rod. The arrangement according to the invention is advantageously a
Steuereinrichtung zugeordnet, mit der die Behandlungsschritte, Verschlüsse an den Einbringöffnungen und an den Ausbringöffnungen und die Bewegung des Verteilrevolvers ge- steuert werden.Assigned control device with which the treatment steps, closures at the insertion openings and at the discharge openings and the movement of the distribution turret are controlled.
Zur Erläuterung der Erfindung ist inTo explain the invention is in
Figur 1 in schematischer Darstellung eine Seitenansicht einesFigure 1 shows a side view of a schematic
Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung, in Figur 2 in verschiedenen Betriebszuständen ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Reaktors gemäß der Anordnung nach Figur 1 und inEmbodiment of the arrangement according to the invention, in Figure 2 in different operating states, an embodiment of a reactor according to the arrangement of Figure 1 and in
Figur 3 ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Beladeeinrichtung der Anordnung nach Figur 1 dargestellt.Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a loading device of the arrangement of Figure 1.
Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Anordnung 1 weist als zentrales Konstruktionselement eine Stange 2 auf, an der oben außer einer Beladestation 3 untereinander vier Reaktoren 4, 5, 6 und 7 angeordnet sind, die einen übereinstimmenden konstruk- tiven Aufbau aufweisen. Unterhalb des Reaktors 7 befindet sich ein Verteilrevolver 8, der in dem dargestellten Ausfüh- rungsbeispiel einen ersten Reaktor 9 und einen Zusatzreaktor 10 aufweist; auch der Verteilrevolver 8 ist an der Stange 2 gehalten und um diese Stange drehbar mittels nicht darge- stellter Antriebseinrichtungen. Auch die Reaktoren 4 bis 7 sind ausschwenkbar.The arrangement 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a central structural element, a rod 2, on which, apart from a loading station 3, four reactors 4, 5, 6 and 7 are arranged one above the other, which have the same structural design. Below the reactor 7 there is a distribution turret 8 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, has a first reactor 9 and an additional reactor 10; the turret 8 is also held on the rod 2 and can be rotated about this rod by means of drive devices (not shown). The reactors 4 to 7 can also be swung out.
Unterhalb des Verteilrevolvers 8 sind an der Stange 2 zwei weitere Reaktoren 11 und 12 gehalten, unter denen sich eine Aufnahmeeinrichtung 13 für das in der Figur 1 nicht gezeigte Schüttgut befindet. In den Darstellungen A bis D der Figur 2 ist in schematischerBelow the distribution turret 8, two further reactors 11 and 12 are held on the rod 2, below which there is a receiving device 13 for the bulk material not shown in FIG. 1. In the representations A to D of Figure 2 is a schematic
Darstellung ein Ausführungsbeispiel für einen Reaktor gezeigt, wie er als einer der Reaktoren 4 bis 7 und 11 und 12 gemäß Figur 1 zur Anwendung gelangen kann. Der dargestellte Reaktor weist ein beispielsweise kreisringförmiges Gehäuse 20 auf, das oben mit einem Deckel 21 und unten mit einem Boden1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a reactor as it can be used as one of the reactors 4 to 7 and 11 and 12 according to FIG. The reactor shown has an annular housing 20, for example, which has a cover 21 at the top and a base at the bottom
22 abgeschlossen ist. Im Deckel 21 ist eine Einbringöffnung22 is complete. In the cover 21 there is an insertion opening
23 vorgesehen, die mittels eines schematisch dargestellten Verschlusses 24 verschließbar ist. Die Einbringöffnung 23 wird dadurch geöffnet, daß der Verschluß 24 aus der in der Figur gezeigten Lage nach rechts bewegt wird, während ein Verschließen der Einbringöffnung 23 durch eine Bewegung des Verschlusses 24 aus der rechten Position in die dargestellte Lage zurück erfolgt. Mittels eines Ansatzes 25 mit einer Bohrung 26 sowie mittels eines weiteren Ansatzes 27 mit einer weiteren Bohrung 28 kann der dargestellte Reaktor an der Stange 2 gemäß Figur 1 angebracht werden.23 is provided, which can be closed by means of a schematically illustrated closure 24. The insertion opening 23 is opened by moving the closure 24 to the right from the position shown in the figure, while closing the insertion opening 23 by moving the closure 24 from the right position back to the position shown. The reactor shown can be attached to the rod 2 according to FIG. 1 by means of an attachment 25 with a bore 26 and by means of an additional attachment 27 with an additional bore 28.
Der Boden 22 des in Figur 2 dargestellten Reaktors ist mit einer Ausbringöffnung 29 versehen, die durch einen weiteren Verschluß 30 ähnlich dem Verschluß 24 geöffnet oder geschlossen werden kann.The bottom 22 of the reactor shown in Figure 2 is provided with a discharge opening 29 which can be opened or closed by a further closure 30 similar to the closure 24.
Beispielsweise am Gehäuse 20 können eine Zuflußöffnung 31 für die Behandlungsflüssigkeit und eine Ablaßöffnung 32 für dieFor example, on the housing 20, an inflow opening 31 for the treatment liquid and a drain opening 32 for the
Behandlungsflüssigkeit vorgesehen sein. Zusätzlich sind, wenn eine galvanische Oberflächenbehandlung der Chargen erfolgen soll, zweckmäßigerweise innen am Reaktorgehäuse 20 Anoden derart verteilt angeordnet, daß sie isoliert von dem Schüttgut sind; der kathodische Anschluß wird von zusätzlichen Kontaktelementen gebildet. Die Figur 3 zeigt die Beladeeinrichtung 3 der Anordnung gemäßTreatment liquid may be provided. In addition, if galvanic surface treatment of the batches is to take place, 20 anodes are expediently arranged on the inside of the reactor housing in such a way that they are insulated from the bulk material; the cathodic connection is formed by additional contact elements. FIG. 3 shows the loading device 3 according to the arrangement
Figur 1 in einer Draufsicht; es ist zu erkennen, daß die Beladeeinrichtung 3 über den Umfang verteilt eine Reihe von Aufnahmeöffnungen 35 aufweist, die unter Bildung der einzel- nen Chargen des Schüttgutes in einem Arbeitsgang gefüllt werden, so daß bei entsprechender Ansteuerung der gesamten Anordnung und damit auch der Beladeeinrichtung 3 durch eine figürlich nicht dargestellte Steuereinrichtung nach und nach das Schüttgut mit seinen einzelnen Chargen in den Aufnah- meräumen 35 in der Anordnung nach Figur 1 verarbeitet werden kann.Figure 1 in a plan view; It can be seen that the loading device 3 has a series of receiving openings 35 distributed over the circumference, which are filled in one operation to form the individual batches of the bulk material, so that with appropriate control of the entire arrangement and thus also the loading device 3 by means of a control device, not shown in the figures, the bulk material with its individual batches can be processed in the receiving spaces 35 in the arrangement according to FIG. 1.
Nachfolgend soll die Wirkungsweise der dargestellten Anordnung anhand der Schilderung des Ablaufs eines Ausführungsbei- spiels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in einer Form erläutert werden, bei dem die chemische sowie elektrochemische Oberflächenbehandlung von Ableiterelektroden als Schüttgut beschrieben wird.The mode of operation of the arrangement shown is to be explained below with reference to the description of the course of an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention in a form in which the chemical and electrochemical surface treatment of arrester electrodes is described as bulk material.
Zu Beginn der Oberflächenbehandlung werden die Ableiterelektroden als Schüttgut in die Aufnahmeräume 35 der Beladeeinrichtung 3 eingefüllt, wobei eine chargenweise Aufteilung des Schüttgutes bzw. der Ableiterelektroden erfolgt. Danach wird durch die nicht dargestellte Steuereinrichtung veranlaßt die Einbringöffnung 23 des Reaktors 4 freigegeben, so daß der Verschluß 24 dieses Reaktors in eine Position gelangt, wie es die Darstellung B der Figur 2 zeigt. Unter dem Einfluß der Schwerkraft fällt dann die Charge von Ableiterelektroden in den Reaktor . Danach wird wiederum automa- tisch gesteuert der Verschluß 24 des Reaktors 4 im Deckel 21 geschlossen, so daß er die Position gemäß Darstellung C der Figur 2 annimmt. Da der Verschluß in der Ausbringöffnung 29 des Behälters 4 sich in einer Position befindet, wie sie ebenfalls dem Diagramm C der Figur 2 entnehmbar ist, kann nunmehr Behandlungsflüssigkeit in den Reaktor 4 einströmen, wodurch beispielsweise eine Heißentfettung der Ableiterelektroden erfolgt.At the start of the surface treatment, the arrester electrodes are filled as bulk material into the receiving spaces 35 of the loading device 3, the bulk material or the arrester electrodes being divided in batches. Thereafter, the introduction opening 23 of the reactor 4 is released by the control device, not shown, so that the closure 24 of this reactor comes into a position, as shown in illustration B of FIG. The charge of arrester electrodes then falls into the reactor under the influence of gravity. Thereafter, the closure 24 of the reactor 4 in the cover 21 is closed again in an automatically controlled manner, so that it assumes the position according to illustration C in FIG. Since the closure in the discharge opening 29 of the container 4 is in a position as it is can also be seen from diagram C in FIG. 2, treatment liquid can now flow into the reactor 4, as a result of which, for example, the degreasing electrodes are degreased by heat.
Ist die Heißentfettung abgeschlossen, dann wird die dazu benutzte Behandlungsflüssigkeit aus dem Reaktor 4 über die Ablaßöffnung 32 abgelassen und anschließend der Verschluß 30 im Boden des Reaktors 4 geöffnet, so daß er in eine Lage ge- langt, wie sie das Diagramm D der Figur 2 zeigt. Danach werden die Ableiterelektroden beispielsweise durch ein Rührwerk über die Ausbringöffnung 29 des Reaktors 4 unter dem Einfluß der Schwerkraft in den darunter befindlichen Reaktor 5 ausgetragen, weil dessen Einbringöffnung durch entsprechende An- Steuerung des Verschlusses geöffnet ist.When hot degreasing is complete, the treatment liquid used for this is drained out of the reactor 4 via the outlet opening 32 and then the closure 30 in the bottom of the reactor 4 is opened so that it reaches a position as shown in diagram D in FIG shows. Thereafter, the arrester electrodes are discharged, for example by a stirrer, through the discharge opening 29 of the reactor 4 under the influence of gravity into the reactor 5 located thereunder, because its introduction opening is opened by appropriate activation of the closure.
Befindet sich die gesamte Charge im Reaktor 5, dann wird dessen Einbringöffnung verschlossen, und es erfolgt durch Einbringen einer weiteren Behandlungsflüssigkeit ein elektroly- tisches Entfetten. Nach Beendigung des elektrolytischen Entfettens und Ablassen der entsprechenden Behandlungsflüssigkeit wird die Ausbringöffnung im Boden des Reaktors 5 geöffnet, so daß nunmehr die Charge von Ableiterelektroden infolge geöffneter Einbringöffnung des darunter befindlichen Reaktors 6 in diesen eingebracht werden kann. Durch Beaufschlagung des Reaktors 6 mit einer Beizflüssigkeit erfolgt ein Beizen der Charge, an die sich ein weiteres Beizen in dem Reaktor 7 anschließt, der unterhalb des Reaktors 6 angeordnet ist und in den die Charge in gleicher Weise durch Steuerung der Verschlüsse im jeweiligen Boden und Decke der Reaktoren gelangt . Soll anschließend die Charge von Ableiterelektroden vernik- kelt werden, dann wird diese Charge in den ersten Behälter 9 des Verteilrevolvers 8 überführt, der bis auf seine Höhe in seinem Aufbau mit dem übereinstimmt, wie er in der Figur 2 gezeigt ist. Nach Befüllen des ersten Behälters 9 desIf the entire batch is in the reactor 5, its introduction opening is closed and an electrolytic degreasing takes place by introducing a further treatment liquid. After the electrolytic degreasing and draining of the corresponding treatment liquid has ended, the discharge opening in the bottom of the reactor 5 is opened, so that the batch of discharge electrodes can now be introduced into the reactor 6 located thereunder as a result of the opened discharge opening. By loading the reactor 6 with a pickling liquid, the batch is pickled, which is followed by a further pickling in the reactor 7, which is arranged below the reactor 6 and in which the batch is carried out in the same way by controlling the closures in the respective floor and ceiling of the reactors arrives. If the batch of arrester electrodes is then to be nickel-plated, then this batch is transferred to the first container 9 of the distribution turret 8, the structure of which corresponds to that shown in FIG. 2 up to its height. After filling the first container 9 of the
Verteilkopfes 8 wird dieser gedreht und mit entsprechenderDistribution head 8 this is rotated and with a corresponding
Behandlungsflüssigkeit beaufschlagt. Da das Vernickeln eine vergleichsweise lange Zeit benötigt, wird durch Drehung desTreatment liquid applied. Since the nickel plating takes a comparatively long time, turning the
Verteilkopfes 8 der erste Behälter 9 aus der Flucht der übrigen Reaktoren herausgedreht und der Zusatzreaktor 10 in die Flucht der übrigen Reaktoren gedreht. Dies erlaubt es, eine nachfolgende Charge nach dem Beizvorgang im Reaktor 7 in den Zusatzreaktor 10 einzubringen und dort beispielsweise einen relativ kurzen Spülvorgang vorzunehmen.Distribution head 8, the first container 9 is rotated out of alignment with the other reactors and the additional reactor 10 is rotated with the alignment of the other reactors. This allows a subsequent batch to be introduced into the additional reactor 10 after the pickling process in the reactor 7 and, for example, to carry out a relatively short rinsing process there.
Der Verteilrevolver 8 kann auch in der Weise ausgeführt sein, daß der erste Reaktor und der mindestens eine Zusatzreaktor ortsfest angeordnet sind; oberhalb und unterhalb der feststehenden Reaktoren befindet sich jeweils eine drehbare Ver- teileinrichtung etwa in einer Ausführung wie der Beladeeinrichtung 3.The distribution turret 8 can also be designed in such a way that the first reactor and the at least one additional reactor are arranged in a fixed position; Above and below the fixed reactors there is a rotatable distribution device, for example in a design like the loading device 3.
Da der Zusatzreaktor 10 konstruktiv im Prinzip genauso gestaltet ist wie die übrigen Reaktoren, kann durch Öffnen sei- nes Verschlusses im Boden die gespülte Charge in den darunter befindlichen Reaktor 11 überführt werden, in dem beispielsweise ein weiteres Spülen erfolgt.Since the additional reactor 10 is structurally designed in principle exactly the same as the other reactors, the flushed batch can be transferred into the reactor 11 located below by opening its closure in the bottom, in which, for example, a further flushing takes place.
Ist der Spülvorgang im Reaktor 11 abgeschlossen, dann erfolgt - in einer oben bereits wiederholt beschriebenen Weise - eine Überführung der Charge in den untersten Reaktor 12, wo ein Trocknen der Charge erfolgt. Ist dieser Behandlungsschritt beendet, dann wird die Charge in eine Aufnahme 13 ausgetragen und kann von dort aus einer weiteren Verarbeitung zugeführt werden.When the rinsing process in the reactor 11 has been completed, the batch is transferred to the lowest reactor 12, where the batch is dried, in a manner already described above. When this treatment step has ended, the batch is discharged into a receptacle 13 and can be sent to further processing from there.
Ist die Vernickelung der Charge von Ableiterelektroden in dem ersten Reaktor 9 des Verteilrevolvers 8 abgeschlossen, dann wird der Verteilrevolver 8 durch die nicht dargestellte Steuereinrichtung gesteuert wieder in die Flucht der Reaktoren 4 bis 7 und 11 und 12 gedreht und die Charge nacheinander unter Spülen und Trocknen über die Reaktoren 11 und 12 der Aufnah- meeinrichtung 13 zugeführt. If the nickel plating of the charge of arrester electrodes in the first reactor 9 of the distribution turret 8 has been completed, the distribution turret 8 is then again controlled by the control device (not shown) into the alignment of the reactors 4 to 7 and 11 and 12 and the batch is washed and dried one after the other fed to the receiving device 13 via the reactors 11 and 12.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur chemischen Oberflächenbehandlung von Schüttgut in mehreren Behandlungsschritten, bei dem - das Schüttgut chargenweise nacheinander in mehreren Reaktoren mit verschiedenen Behandlungsflüssigkeiten behandelt wird, wobei das Schüttgut von oben in den jeweiligen Reaktor eingebracht, nach seiner Behandlung aus dem jeweiligen Reak- tor ausgebracht und in den jeweils nächsten Reaktor von oben eingebracht wird, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß1. Process for the chemical surface treatment of bulk material in several treatment steps, in which - the bulk material is treated in batches in succession in several reactors with different treatment liquids, the bulk material being introduced into the respective reactor from above, discharged from the respective reactor after its treatment and is introduced into the next reactor from above, characterized in that
- nach dem Behandeln einer Charge des Schüttgutes in jeweils einem Reaktor (z. B. 4) die Behandlungsflüssigkeit aus diesem Reaktor (z. B. 4) abgelassen wird und- After treating a batch of the bulk material in each reactor (z. B. 4), the treatment liquid is drained from this reactor (z. B. 4) and
- danach eine im unteren Bereich des jeweils einen Reaktors (z. B. 4) befindliche Ausbringöffnung (29) freigegeben wird, wodurch die Charge des Schüttgutes unter Ausnutzung der Schwerkraft aus dem jeweils einen Reaktor (z. B. 4) ausgebracht und in einen unterhalb des jeweils einen Reaktors (z. B. 4) angeordneten weiteren Reaktor (5) eingebracht wird.- Then a discharge opening (29) located in the lower region of the respective reactor (e.g. 4) is released, whereby the charge of the bulk material is exploited by gravity from the respective reactor (e.g. 4) and introduced into one below the further reactor (5) arranged in each case one reactor (for example 4).
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß2. The method of claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that
- beim Durchführen eines vergleichsweise zeitaufwendigen Be- handlungsschrittes neben einem ersten Reaktor (9) für diesen Behandlungsschritt mindestens ein Zusatzreaktor (10) verwendet wird, in den eine weitere Charge des Schüttgutes erst nach Einbringen der vorangehenden Charge des Schüttgutes in den ersten Reaktor (9) eingebracht und danach für sich oberflächenbehandelt wird. - When carrying out a comparatively time-consuming treatment step in addition to a first reactor (9), at least one additional reactor (10) is used for this treatment step, into which a further batch of the bulk material is only introduced after the preceding batch of the bulk material has been introduced into the first reactor (9) introduced and then surface treated for itself.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß3. The method according to claim 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that
- die weitere Charge des Schüttgutes in dem mindestens einen Zusatzreaktor (10) demselben vergleichsweise zeitaufwendi- gen Behandlungsschritt wie die vorgehende Charge des- The further batch of the bulk material in the at least one additional reactor (10) the same comparatively time-consuming treatment step as the previous batch of
Schüttgutes in dem ersten Reaktor (9) unterzogen wird und aus dem mindestens einen Zusatzreaktor (10) die weitere Charge des Schüttgutes erst nach Ausbringen der vorangehenden Charge des Schüttgutes aus dem ersten Reaktor (9) ausgebracht wird.Bulk material is subjected to in the first reactor (9) and the further batch of bulk material is only discharged from the at least one additional reactor (10) after the preceding batch of bulk material has been discharged from the first reactor (9).
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 , d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß4. The method of claim 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that
- die weitere Charge des Schüttgutes in dem mindestens einen Zusatzreaktor (10) einem vergleichsweise schnell ablaufenden Behandlungsschritt unterzogen wird und- The further batch of the bulk material in the at least one additional reactor (10) is subjected to a comparatively rapid treatment step and
- die weitere Charge des Schüttgutes aus dem mindestens einen Zusatzreaktor (10) während des Ablaufs des vergleichsweise zeitaufwendigen Verfahrensschrittes in dem ersten Reaktor (9) ausgebracht wird.- The further batch of bulk material is discharged from the at least one additional reactor (10) in the first reactor (9) during the course of the comparatively time-consuming process step.
5. Anordnung zur chemischen Oberflächenbehandlung von Schüttgut in mehreren Behandlungsschritten mit mehreren oben offenen Reaktoren mit verschiedenen Behandlungsflüssigkeiten, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß5. Arrangement for the chemical surface treatment of bulk material in several treatment steps with several open-top reactors with different treatment liquids, that is, that
- die Reaktoren (4 bis 12) Zu- und Abflußöffnungen (31; 32) für die Behandlungsflüssigkeit und in ihrem unteren Bereich eine verschließbare Ausbringöffnung (29) aufweisen und - die Reaktoren (4 bis 12) übereinander angeordnet sind.- The reactors (4 to 12) inlet and outlet openings (31; 32) for the treatment liquid and in their lower region have a closable discharge opening (29) and - the reactors (4 to 12) are arranged one above the other.
6. Anordnung nach Anspruch 5 , d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß - neben einem ersten Reaktor (9) für einen Behandlungsschritt mindestens ein Zusatzreaktor (10) unter Bildung eines Verteilrevolvers (8) angeordnet ist.6. Arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that - In addition to a first reactor (9) for a treatment step, at least one additional reactor (10) is arranged to form a distribution turret (8).
7. Anordnung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6 , d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß7. Arrangement according to claim 5 or 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that
- die Reaktoren (4 bis 12) oben eine verschließbare Einbringöffnung (23) aufweisen.- The reactors (4 to 12) have a closable insertion opening (23) at the top.
8. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß8. Arrangement according to one of claims 5 to 7, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that
- die Reaktoren (4 bis 12) an einer Stange (2) übereinander angeordnet gehalten sind.- The reactors (4 to 12) are held one above the other on a rod (2).
9. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß9. Arrangement according to one of claims 5 to 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that
- der Anordnung eine Steuereinrichtung zugeordnet ist, mit der die Behandlungsschritte, Verschlüsse an den Einbringöffnungen (23) und an den Ausbringöffnungen (29) und die Bewegung des Verteilrevolvers (8) gesteuert werden . - The arrangement is assigned a control device with which the treatment steps, closures at the insertion openings (23) and at the discharge openings (29) and the movement of the turret (8) are controlled.
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DE19943732A1 (en) 2001-03-15

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