WO2001017926A1 - Device comprising a member of ceramic material and a method for manufacturing a ceramic material having a low friction coefficient - Google Patents

Device comprising a member of ceramic material and a method for manufacturing a ceramic material having a low friction coefficient Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001017926A1
WO2001017926A1 PCT/NL2000/000598 NL0000598W WO0117926A1 WO 2001017926 A1 WO2001017926 A1 WO 2001017926A1 NL 0000598 W NL0000598 W NL 0000598W WO 0117926 A1 WO0117926 A1 WO 0117926A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
inclusion
ceramic material
base material
ceramic
relation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2000/000598
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Bas Kerkwijk
Maria Monserat De La Luz Garcia Curiel
Elmer Jakob Mulder
Dirk Jan Schipper
Henk Verweij
Original Assignee
Universiteit Twente
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universiteit Twente filed Critical Universiteit Twente
Publication of WO2001017926A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001017926A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/043—Sliding surface consisting mainly of ceramics, cermets or hard carbon, e.g. diamond like carbon [DLC]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
    • C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
    • C04B35/117—Composites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
    • C04B35/486—Fine ceramics
    • C04B35/488—Composites

Definitions

  • Device comprising a member of ceramic material and a method for manufacturing a ceramic material having a low friction coefficient
  • the present invention relates to an assembly comprising at least two contacting members, which are movable m relation to each other and of which members at least one is made of a ceramic material .
  • Such an assembly is used in a variety of apparatuses.
  • the members may be part of a ball bearing, a slide bearing or another apparatus whose parts are intended to move in relation to each other by sliding or roll ⁇
  • the inclusion will be an oxide or sulphide .
  • an apparatus comprising such an assembly will suffer less loss of friction, without a significant increase in wear.
  • both the members are of ceramic materials and formed from a different base material .
  • a different base material is used.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a ceramic material having a low friction coef- ficient wherein a powdery base material comprising at least one member selected from aluminium, zirconium or silicon, is mixed with an inclusion, and the resulting mixture is sintered .
  • inclusion is used an inclusion selected from I) an inclusion reducing the super- plastic temperature and n) an inclusion which after sintering has a hardness of 7 or less on the scale of Mohs .
  • inclusion is to be understood to be a compound that under the conditions pre- vailing during the manufacture of the ceramic material, yields a compound which reduces the superplastic temperature or which after sintering has a hardness of 7 or less on the scale of Mohs. This corresponds with a hardness of less than 12 GPa according to Vickers .
  • This may be a compound that de- composes to yield an oxide, such as a carbonate, oxalate or hydroxide.
  • the compound may also be formed, for example, by oxidation prior to or during sintering.
  • a superplastic temperature-reducing inclusion is understood to be an inclusion which in an amount of 0.1% by weight and at 1500°C is capable of producing a deformation (strain rate) of at least 10 4 /s. According to the invention it has surprisingly been shown that at much lower temperatures, in particular at operating temperatures typical for ceramic products, a re- markable reduction of the friction coefficient is achieved.
  • the amount of superplastic temperature-reducing inclusion used is usually at least the amount necessary to reach the desired reduction of the friction coefficient, and preferably an amount of 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably up to 0.5 to 5% by weight in relation to the mixture.
  • the inclusion especially preferred is a copper oxide, such as copper (II) oxide .
  • the base material is a substance selected from aluminium oxide and stabilized zirconium oxide.
  • base material is under- stood to be one of the compounds, or mixtures of compounds known in the field, comprising at least one member selected from aluminium, zirconium or silicon.
  • Suitable compounds are, for example, aluminium oxide, in particular ⁇ -aluminium ox- ide, (tetragonal) zirconium oxide, in particular ytt ⁇ um- stabilized zirconium oxide, and ceramic materials based on silicon, such as silicon nitride or silicon carbide.
  • the present invention further relates to the use of an inclusion that effectively reduces the superplastic tem- perature of a ceramic material for the manufacture of a ceramic material which, when involved in a relative motion m relation to a material of a different compound, exhibits reduced friction.
  • the invention relates to the use of an m- elusion for the manufacture of a ceramic material which, when involved in a relative motion in relation to a material of a different compound, exhibits reduced friction, and which inclusion after treatment under the conditions prevailing during the sintering of a ceramic material, has a hardness of 7 or less on the scale of Mohs.
  • Figure la graphically illustrates the friction coef- ficient relating to the distance in a simulation of an assembly according to the invention.
  • Figures lb, c show two corresponding graphs of control experiments.

Abstract

The invention relates to an assembly comprising at least two contacting members, which are movable in relation to each other. According to the invention at least one member is a ceramic member formed from a base material based on aluminium, zirconium or silicon, comprising an inclusion reducing the superplastic temperature, or an inclusion which after sintering has a hardness of 7 or less on the scale of Mohs. A suitable inclusion is, for example, copper oxide. In this manner an assembly is provided having a reduced friction coefficient. The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a ceramic material and to a use for the defined inclusion for the manufacture of low-friction ceramic material.

Description

Device comprising a member of ceramic material and a method for manufacturing a ceramic material having a low friction coefficient
The present invention relates to an assembly comprising at least two contacting members, which are movable m relation to each other and of which members at least one is made of a ceramic material . Such an assembly is used in a variety of apparatuses. For example, the members may be part of a ball bearing, a slide bearing or another apparatus whose parts are intended to move in relation to each other by sliding or roll¬
Although the use of ceramic material has greatly increased with time, an important obstacle to their wider application is the high friction coefficient which limits or even prevents their use for various applications involving ceramic materials m contact with each other (or a ceramic material m contact with another material such as a metal or an alloy) being moved m relation to each other. In order to remove this drawback it is known to use a (solid) lubricant such as graphite or copper oxide. The disadvantage of this solution is that its effectiveness is short-lived, necessi- tatmg frequent maintenance. In order to meet this objection, it is known to use members manufactured from self-lubricating ceramic materials such as available, for example, from Gagyo- phadyan A. et al . , m Fri ction and wear of ceramics (ed. Ja- hanmir S. Marcel Dekker, NY, (1994) pp. 163-199). It is the ob ect of the present invention to provide an assembly wherein the friction is reduced. It is m particular the object to provide an assembly that is characterized by friction coefficients below 0.4 and m particular below 0.3. Surprisingly it has been found that this can be achieved by using a ceramic member made of ceramic material comprising an inclusion selected from I) an inclusion reduc¬ ing the superplastic temperature and n) an inclusion which after sintering has a hardness of 7 or less on the scale of Mohs .
Generally, the inclusion will be an oxide or sulphide . As can be seen from the enclosed experiments, an apparatus comprising such an assembly will suffer less loss of friction, without a significant increase in wear.
Preferably both the members are of ceramic materials and formed from a different base material . Surprisingly it has been found that the use of different base materials results m an assembly that may exhibit a greater reduction of the friction coefficient.
The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a ceramic material having a low friction coef- ficient wherein a powdery base material comprising at least one member selected from aluminium, zirconium or silicon, is mixed with an inclusion, and the resulting mixture is sintered .
According to the invention, as inclusion is used an inclusion selected from I) an inclusion reducing the super- plastic temperature and n) an inclusion which after sintering has a hardness of 7 or less on the scale of Mohs .
In the present application, the term inclusion is to be understood to be a compound that under the conditions pre- vailing during the manufacture of the ceramic material, yields a compound which reduces the superplastic temperature or which after sintering has a hardness of 7 or less on the scale of Mohs. This corresponds with a hardness of less than 12 GPa according to Vickers . This may be a compound that de- composes to yield an oxide, such as a carbonate, oxalate or hydroxide. The compound may also be formed, for example, by oxidation prior to or during sintering.
The use of inclusions to reduce the superplastic temperature is known m the field of ceramic materials when a ceramic product is to Joe brought into the desired form at a very high temperature. In the present application, a superplastic temperature-reducing inclusion is understood to be an inclusion which in an amount of 0.1% by weight and at 1500°C is capable of producing a deformation (strain rate) of at least 104/s. According to the invention it has surprisingly been shown that at much lower temperatures, in particular at operating temperatures typical for ceramic products, a re- markable reduction of the friction coefficient is achieved. The amount of superplastic temperature-reducing inclusion used is usually at least the amount necessary to reach the desired reduction of the friction coefficient, and preferably an amount of 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably up to 0.5 to 5% by weight in relation to the mixture. Without wishing to be bound to any theory, applicant believes that when an inclusion according to the invention comes into contact with the contact surface, a component having a low shearing force is formed. The inclusion especially preferred is a copper oxide, such as copper (II) oxide .
In a totally different field, the production of catalysts using aluminium oxide as carrier and copper oxide as catalytically active compound is known. These publications in no way describe a method for the manufacture of a ceramic material having a low friction coefficient. As particularity of the method according to the invention, high-pressure den- sification, will generally take place prior to sintering, whereas with a view to obtaining a large active surface, this step will not be carried out with catalyst materials. Moreover, m the manufacture of a ceramic member according to the invention, a ceramic material produced by compression is sintered at elevated temperatures such as above 1250°C, more specifically approximately 1400°C. Preferably the base material is obtained by means of colloidal filtration.
It has been shown that with such a base material it is possible to achieve greatly reduced friction coefficients, more particularly lower than 0.6 and even 0.15 to 0.25. According to a preferred embodiment the base material is a substance selected from aluminium oxide and stabilized zirconium oxide.
In the present application base material is under- stood to be one of the compounds, or mixtures of compounds known in the field, comprising at least one member selected from aluminium, zirconium or silicon. Suitable compounds are, for example, aluminium oxide, in particular α-aluminium ox- ide, (tetragonal) zirconium oxide, in particular yttπum- stabilized zirconium oxide, and ceramic materials based on silicon, such as silicon nitride or silicon carbide.
The present invention further relates to the use of an inclusion that effectively reduces the superplastic tem- perature of a ceramic material for the manufacture of a ceramic material which, when involved in a relative motion m relation to a material of a different compound, exhibits reduced friction.
Finally, the invention relates to the use of an m- elusion for the manufacture of a ceramic material which, when involved in a relative motion in relation to a material of a different compound, exhibits reduced friction, and which inclusion after treatment under the conditions prevailing during the sintering of a ceramic material, has a hardness of 7 or less on the scale of Mohs.
The present invention will now be explained with reference to the exemplary embodiment m the appended drawing, m which
Figure la graphically illustrates the friction coef- ficient relating to the distance in a simulation of an assembly according to the invention, and
Figures lb, c show two corresponding graphs of control experiments.
I. Production of an alumina disc
The production of an alumina disc was realized with the aid of the method for the production of ZTA composites as described by Kerkwi k et al . (J. Am. Ceram. Soc . , 82 [8] (1999) pp. 2087-2093). Zircoma has here been omitted. Prior to the grinding process, an inclusion according to the invention (m this case CuO) and a control inclusion Mn02 is added to the alumina suspension (5 parts by weight inclusion + 95 parts by weight of base material. Sintering occurred at 1500°C.
II. Triboloαical experiments The tribological tests take place on a pen-on-disc tribometer (CSEM, Neufchatel, Switzerland). As pen material commercially available spherical zirconia precision spheres are used (diameter 10 mm, mirror-polished) . The composite material to be examined is applied in the form of discs. The load on the arm comprising the pen is 10 N. The rotational speed of the disc is adjusted such that the speed during this load is 0.1 m/s. The set-up is placed into a climatization chamber in order to maintain the temperature at 23°C and the atmospheric humidity at 50%. The amount of wear is calculated by determining the difference in weight of the disc before and after the tribo¬ logical test. The wear coefficient is calculated with the following formula
volume worn away material k = force * distance
For alumina with CuO as inclusion this is found to be approximately 10"6 mm3/Nm, which is a very acceptable value .

Claims

1. An assembly comprising at least two contacting mem- bers, which are movable in relation to each other and of which members at least one is made of a ceramic material formed from a powdery base material comprising at least one member selected from aluminium, zirconium or silicon, as well as an inclusion selected from i) an inclusion reducing the superplastic temperature and ii) an inclusion which after sintering has a hardness of 7 or less on the scale of Mohs.
2. An assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that both members are ceramic materials and formed from different base material .
3. A method for manufacturing a ceramic material having a low friction coefficient wherein a powdery base material comprising at least one member selected from aluminium, zirconium or silicon, is mixed with an inclusion, and the resulting mixture is sintered, characterized m that as inclu- sion an inclusion is used selected from l) an inclusion reducing the superplastic temperature and n) an inclusion which after sintering has a hardness of 7 or less on the scale of Mohs.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized m that the inclusion is used m an amount of 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably up to 0.5 to 5% by weight in relation to the mixture .
5. A method according to claim 3 or 4 , characterized m that the inclusion is copper oxide.
6. A method according to one of the claims 3 - 5, characterized m that the base material is obtained by means of colloidal filtration.
7. A method according to one of the claims 3 - 6, characterized m that the base material is a substance selected from aluminium oxide and stabilized zirconium oxide.
8. The use of an inclusion that effectively reduces the superplastic temperature of a ceramic material for the manu¬ facture of a ceramic material which, when involved m a rela- tive motion in relation to a material of a different compound, exhibits reduced friction.
9. The use of an inclusion for the manufacture of a ceramic material which, when involved in a relative motion in relation to a material of a different compound, exhibits reduced friction, and which inclusion after treatment under the conditions prevailing during the sintering of a ceramic material, has a hardness of 7 or less on the scale of Mohs.
PCT/NL2000/000598 1999-08-26 2000-08-28 Device comprising a member of ceramic material and a method for manufacturing a ceramic material having a low friction coefficient WO2001017926A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1012911 1999-08-26
NL1012911A NL1012911C2 (en) 1999-08-26 1999-08-26 Method for manufacturing a ceramic material with a low friction coefficient and assembly of ceramic material.

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WO2001017926A1 true WO2001017926A1 (en) 2001-03-15

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0355710A (en) * 1989-07-21 1991-03-11 Murata Mfg Co Ltd Low temperature sintered porcelain material
DE4102666A1 (en) * 1990-07-26 1992-01-30 Hoechst Ceram Tec Ag Sintered aluminium oxide mouldings - contg. alumina, iron oxide and chromium oxide, useful as pistons or rings in water pumps
US5122317A (en) * 1990-01-12 1992-06-16 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Method of superplastically deforming zirconia materials
DE19619719A1 (en) * 1995-05-16 1996-12-12 Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd Water-lubricated sintered oxide ceramic material
EP0838329A1 (en) * 1996-10-28 1998-04-29 Eastman Kodak Company A materials transporting element

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0355710A (en) * 1989-07-21 1991-03-11 Murata Mfg Co Ltd Low temperature sintered porcelain material
US5122317A (en) * 1990-01-12 1992-06-16 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Method of superplastically deforming zirconia materials
DE4102666A1 (en) * 1990-07-26 1992-01-30 Hoechst Ceram Tec Ag Sintered aluminium oxide mouldings - contg. alumina, iron oxide and chromium oxide, useful as pistons or rings in water pumps
DE19619719A1 (en) * 1995-05-16 1996-12-12 Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd Water-lubricated sintered oxide ceramic material
EP0838329A1 (en) * 1996-10-28 1998-04-29 Eastman Kodak Company A materials transporting element

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
GAGYOPHADYAN A. ET AL: "Friction and wear of ceramics", RED. JAHANMIR S. MARCEL DEKKER, 1994, NY, pages 163 - 199
KERKWIJK B ET AL: "PROCESSING OF HOMOGENEOUS ZIRCONIA-TOUGHENED ALUMINA CERAMICS WITH HIGH DRY-SLIDING WEAR RESISTANCE", JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY,US,AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY. COLUMBUS, vol. 82, no. 8, August 1999 (1999-08-01), pages 2087 - 2093, XP000832879, ISSN: 0002-7820 *
KERKWIJK ET AL., J. AM. CERAM. SOC., vol. 82, no. 8, 1999, pages 2087 - 2093
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 015, no. 204 (E - 1071) 24 May 1991 (1991-05-24) *

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