WO2000059292A1 - A process for rice production by utilizing perennial rice plants - Google Patents

A process for rice production by utilizing perennial rice plants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000059292A1
WO2000059292A1 PCT/CN2000/000075 CN0000075W WO0059292A1 WO 2000059292 A1 WO2000059292 A1 WO 2000059292A1 CN 0000075 W CN0000075 W CN 0000075W WO 0059292 A1 WO0059292 A1 WO 0059292A1
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Prior art keywords
perennial
rice
ratoon
restorer
hybrid
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PCT/CN2000/000075
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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Qinxiu Li
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Crop Institute, Sichuan Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
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Priority to AU36539/00A priority Critical patent/AU3653900A/en
Publication of WO2000059292A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000059292A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H5/10—Seeds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H6/46—Gramineae or Poaceae, e.g. ryegrass, rice, wheat or maize
    • A01H6/4636—Oryza sp. [rice]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of rice heterosis utilization, and particularly relates to a method for propagating a sterile line, a restoring line, and a method for producing a perennial hybrid rice seed and a hybrid rice by ratoon method. Background technique
  • Paddy fields must be plowed and raked once a year to grow rice. Seeds must be purchased and planted once a year or every season. In China, where rice is mainly transplanted, seedlings and transplants must be raised annually or every season. These measures will require a lot of human and financial resources.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing hybrid rice by ratoon method, which is sown once with a ratoon sterile line and perennial roots continuously produce perennial ratoon hybrid rice seeds for many years. This kind of perennial? 1 The rice plants grown after sowing hybrid seeds can reproduce asexually and reproduce heterosis.
  • the invention is implemented as follows:
  • a method for producing hybrid rice by ratoon method including selection of sterile line, restorer line, hybrid Kind? And hybrid rice production; Perennial sterile lines were selected as the female parent, and perennial restorer lines were selected as the male parent. Perennial hybrids were prepared, and perennial hybrids were used to produce perennial hybrid rice.
  • the perennial sterile line was selected as GP8A or sterile line CP8A.
  • the sterile line selected was a completely non-photosensitive ratoon sterile line.
  • the selected ratoon restorer was G4362 or P1839, which was measured from the existing conventional varieties.
  • the restorer could also be bred by crossing the existing restorer with ratoon.
  • Hybrid F is completely insensitive to perennial roots.
  • the perennial roots can reproduce asexually for asexual reproduction for many years. They can continue heading and maturity, harvest once a month, harvest multiple times a year, and dormant until early winter.
  • the hybrid F P produced by the perennial root method was mixed and selected with a mesh sieve to select hybrid seeds according to the difference in parental grain width.
  • Totally insensitive perennial hybrid rice has no separate vegetative growth period and can effectively and efficiently form rice yield using light and hot water conditions.
  • the perennial paddy field harvests ears of rice once a month, and the annual harvest multiple times makes the total annual acre yield at least lower than the current annual hybrid rice. 20% increase.
  • the yellow ripe ears of perennial rice are 30-40cm taller than the unheaded ears, which is convenient for manual or mechanical harvesting without harming the next batch of new ears.
  • Perennial hybrid rice is reused as a rice stump, sowing it once and harvesting it for 5 years. In some areas, nitrogen fertilizer may or may not be applied. Long-term no-till. In short, it can save a lot of production costs.
  • Green manure such as ratoon hybrid upland rice and ratoon clover strictly cover long-term no-till dry land slopes throughout the year to prevent soil erosion.
  • the invention mainly includes three aspects of selection of perennial male sterile line and restorer line, seed production by perennial method and utilization of perennial root, which are realized in the following steps.
  • Perennial hybrid rice is cultivated in a long-term no-till paddy or dry land.
  • beneficial organisms such as green manure, beneficial insects, and beneficial microorganisms form a natural balance with harmful organisms such as pests, weeds, and diseases, and harmful organisms are not easy to cause disasters. Therefore, there is basically no application of pesticides to control pests and diseases in the perennial rice area.
  • the main field operation of a rice farmer is to harvest ears of rice.
  • the stubble is decomposed in place to Yueba, and the nitrogen-fixing biologically active area may not be applied with or without nitrogen fertilizer.
  • the Shinjuku-gen combination is replaced approximately every four to five years.
  • Perennial male sterile lines and their perennial hybrids have undergone automatic transplantation of underground rhizomes for rejuvenation. Automatic rhizome transplantation adjusts field density by itself. There is no need for artificial transplanting to revive and artificially adjust and control the field density.
  • the completely insensitive perennial male sterile line and its completely insensitive perennial roots are continuously heading to maturity, harvested once a month, and harvested several times a year. Do not sleep until early winter.
  • Perennial male sterile lines especially sterile lines made from asexual reproduction of a single plant, can reach 100% high purity.
  • the ratoon restorer lines G4362 and P1839 were measured directly from conventional japonica rice varieties. It can also be bred from the cross between the existing restorer and ratoon.
  • the ratoon restoration system adopts asexual reproduction and seed reproduction.
  • Perennial male sterile lines are crossed with perennial restorer lines or annual restorer lines. Because rhizomes and cold-resistant perennials are dominant, the perennial male sterile and restorer lines must be perennial. It is only that the perennial roots of the F t combinations allocated by the annual restorer line are different, and they can be used optimally.
  • Perennial male sterile lines and perennial restorer lines were planted alternately to produce perennial Fi hybrid seeds. Automatic transplantation of sterile or restorer lines with rhizomes will cause parents to stagger and grow together. After hybrid harvesting, the hybrid seeds are selected by mesh sieving according to the difference in parents' grain width. It can also be selected by individual plants or groups in isolated populations and then asexually reproduced and used.
  • perennial hybrid rice In the case of perennial hybrid rice, the field operation is the same as that of the current annual rice when the native plant population is established by sowing grain. The original plant population is completely non-photosensitive. After emergence, it has an independent vegetative growth stage and then enters the reproductive growth stage to begin to differentiate young ears. After the first harvest, the perennial plants produced by the rice piles no longer have special vegetative growth but emerge in synchronization with the spike differentiation. After one month, 4-5 leaves are used for heading, and the ears are ripe for another 30 days. It takes about 60 days from emergence to ripening. When the previous batch of perennial seedlings were yellow, the third batch of roots of perennial seedlings emerged. This is the three synchronizations of panicle differentiation, heading, and panicle maturity of perennial rice.
  • the ears are ripe for harvest all year round.
  • the rhizomes stop growing and go to sleep, until the temperature rises> 10 ° C, and then regenerates new seedlings.
  • summer temperatures are high, rhizomes will stop growing and dormant in case of drought.
  • the rhizomes quickly germinate and recover.
  • Dormancy and cold and drought resistance were formed during the evolution of Changyao wild rice over hundreds of millions of years, and are now inherited to perennial hybrid rice. Therefore, in winter, perennial rice does not need artificial irrigation or artificial cold protection.
  • the perennial hybrid rice of the present invention can tolerate the coldest monthly average temperature of 5 ° C in winter and an extreme value of -7,9 ° C.
  • Perennial hybrid rice is more extensive compared with the current intensive cultivation of annual rice. Under relatively extensive conditions, permanent root rice was used to reproduce heterosis and increase yields by harvesting multiple times per year. Industrial applicability
  • the method of the present invention has a high yield.
  • Totally insensitive perennial hybrid rice has no separate vegetative growth period and can effectively and efficiently form rice yield using light and hot water conditions.
  • the perennial paddy field harvests ears of rice once a month, and the annual harvest multiple times makes the total annual acre yield at least lower than the current annual hybrid rice. 20% increase.
  • Perennial rice yellow ripe ears are 30-40cm taller than unpicked ears, which is convenient for manual or mechanical harvesting without harming the next batch of new ears.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

The process comprises selecting perennial male sterile line and restorer line, getting the perennial hybrid rice seed through utilizing the male sterile line and the restorer line, and producing rice by growing the perennial hybrid rice seed. Both the perennial male sterile line and the perennial hybrid rice plants are complete non-light sensitive. The male sterile line may select either GP8A or CP8A. The restorer line may select either G4362 or P1839. It is to increase output and decrease cost of production enormously by utilizing the perennial hybrid rice seed.

Description

用宿根法生产杂交稻的方法  Method for producing hybrid rice by ratoon method
技术领域 Technical field
本发明属于水稻杂种优势利用技术领域， 具体涉及一种用宿根法繁 殖不育系、 恢复系以及生产宿根杂交稻种子和杂交稻的方法。 背景技术  The invention belongs to the technical field of rice heterosis utilization, and particularly relates to a method for propagating a sterile line, a restoring line, and a method for producing a perennial hybrid rice seed and a hybrid rice by ratoon method. Background technique
当今世界的稻米都是用一年生稻生产出来的。 种植一年生稻大约已 有一万年。 现在人口大增而稻田减少。 近 30年来水稻高产育种徘徊不 前。 靠现有技术欲再增单产 20%已几乎无望。 若再不增产又会有发生粮 荒的危险。  Rice in the world today is produced from annual raw rice. It has been grown for about 10,000 years. The population is now increasing and the paddy fields are decreasing. Over the past 30 years, high-yielding rice breeding has stagnated. Relying on existing technologies to increase yields by another 20% is almost hopeless. If there is no increase in production, there will be danger of food shortage.
现有的一年生稻技术缺陷是：  The shortcomings of the existing one-year raw rice technology are:
1、 种植一年生稻必须每年或者每季耕耙一次稻田； 必须每年或者 每季购买和播种一次种子； 我国以移栽稻为主， 还必须每年或者每季育 秧和栽插。 这些措施就得耗费大量人力财力。  1. Paddy fields must be plowed and raked once a year to grow rice. Seeds must be purchased and planted once a year or every season. In China, where rice is mainly transplanted, seedlings and transplants must be raised annually or every season. These measures will require a lot of human and financial resources.
2、 为了高产而实行集约栽培不但成本高而且诱使几十年前无足轻 重的次要病虫害近二十多年迅速上升为严重病虫， 如稻褐飞虱及其传播 的病毒病。 为了防治虫害和集约栽培诱发的真菌病害又不得不大施农 药， 严重污染环境。  2. Implementing intensive cultivation for high yields is not only costly, but has also induced minor minor pests and diseases that were insignificant decades ago to rapidly rise to serious pests, such as rice brown planthoppers and their transmitted viral diseases. In order to prevent and control pests and intensive cultivation-induced fungal diseases, pesticides have to be applied extensively, which seriously pollutes the environment.
3、 美国 1992年 10月 27日批准的 5158879号专利： 宿根不育系生 产杂交稻种子， 发明人李勤修。 该专利用宿根不育系生产一年生杂交稻 种子， 但这些宿根不育系在选育过程中根状茎性状已消失而不能自动移 植复壮。 所以， 宿根不育系必须人工移栽复壮， 否则会退化成小草而无 利用价值。 使这项专利至今不能投产利用。 加之， 发明人李勤修已停止 向美方提供实施技术， 使美方有大部份专利权的这项专利在美国报废。 发明内容  3. United States Patent No. 5158879, approved on October 27, 1992: Perennial male sterile lines produce hybrid rice seeds, the inventor Li Qinxiu. This patent uses perennial male sterile lines to produce annual hybrid rice seeds, but these perennial male sterile lines have lost their rhizome traits during the breeding process and cannot be automatically transplanted to regenerate. Therefore, perennial male sterile lines must be transplanted and rejuvenated, otherwise they will degenerate into grass and have no use value. This patent has not been put into production so far. In addition, the inventor, Li Qinxiu, has stopped providing implementation technology to the United States, so that the United States has the majority of its patent rights. This patent was scrapped in the United States. Summary of the Invention
本发明的目的是提供一种用宿根法生产杂交水稻的方法， 用宿根不 育系播一次而宿根多年不断生产出多年生宿根杂交稻种子。这种宿根？1 杂交种子播后长出的稻株能宿根无性繁殖固定重现杂种优势。 An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing hybrid rice by ratoon method, which is sown once with a ratoon sterile line and perennial roots continuously produce perennial ratoon hybrid rice seeds for many years. This kind of perennial? 1 The rice plants grown after sowing hybrid seeds can reproduce asexually and reproduce heterosis.
本发明是这样实现的：  The invention is implemented as follows:
一种用宿根法生产杂交水稻的方法， 包括不育系、 恢复系选择， 杂 种？,和杂交稻的生产； 选择宿根不育系为母本， 选择宿根恢复系为父 本， 配制宿根杂交种， 再用宿根杂交种生产宿根杂交稻。 A method for producing hybrid rice by ratoon method, including selection of sterile line, restorer line, hybrid Kind? And hybrid rice production; Perennial sterile lines were selected as the female parent, and perennial restorer lines were selected as the male parent. Perennial hybrids were prepared, and perennial hybrids were used to produce perennial hybrid rice.
选择的宿根不育系为 GP8A或者不育系 CP8A。  The perennial sterile line was selected as GP8A or sterile line CP8A.
选择的不育系为完全不感光宿根不育系。  The sterile line selected was a completely non-photosensitive ratoon sterile line.
选择的宿根恢复系是从现有常规品种中测出的 G4362或者 P1839; 也可用现有恢复系与宿根系杂交选育恢复系。  The selected ratoon restorer was G4362 or P1839, which was measured from the existing conventional varieties. The restorer could also be bred by crossing the existing restorer with ratoon.
杂种 F,为完全不感光宿根 ， 该宿根 能无性繁殖重现杂种优势 多年； 且能连续不断抽穗成熟， 每个月收割一次， 每年收割多次， 直至 初冬才休眠。  Hybrid F is completely insensitive to perennial roots. The perennial roots can reproduce asexually for asexual reproduction for many years. They can continue heading and maturity, harvest once a month, harvest multiple times a year, and dormant until early winter.
用宿根法生产的杂种 FP 混收后根据父母本谷粒宽度差异用网筛分 选出杂交种子。 本发明的优点和积极效果如下： The hybrid F P produced by the perennial root method was mixed and selected with a mesh sieve to select hybrid seeds according to the difference in parental grain width. The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows:
1、 产量高。 完全不感光宿根杂交稻没有单独的营养生长期而充分 有效地用光热水条件形成稻谷产量， 宿根稻田每月收割一次稻穗， 年收 多次使年亩总产比现用一年生杂交稻至少增加 20%。宿根稻黄熟穗比未 抽穗高 30-40cm， 便于人工或机械收割又不伤及下一批新穗。  1. High output. Totally insensitive perennial hybrid rice has no separate vegetative growth period and can effectively and efficiently form rice yield using light and hot water conditions. The perennial paddy field harvests ears of rice once a month, and the annual harvest multiple times makes the total annual acre yield at least lower than the current annual hybrid rice. 20% increase. The yellow ripe ears of perennial rice are 30-40cm taller than the unheaded ears, which is convenient for manual or mechanical harvesting without harming the next batch of new ears.
2、 种子生产成本低。 宿根不育系无性繁殖纯度高不必去杂。 完全 不感光宿根不育系与早熟宿根恢复系组配时， 每年多次收获杂交种子。 宿根不育系有长柱头、 疏穗等有利于异交的关键性状， 异交结实可达 70%。 总之， 种子生产成本比现用一年生杂交稻低 40%。  2. The cost of seed production is low. Perennial male sterile lines have high asexual purity and do not need to be removed. When completely insensitive ratoon male sterile lines are combined with early maturing ratoon restorer lines, hybrid seeds are harvested multiple times per year. Perennial male sterile lines have long stigmas, thinning ears and other key traits that are conducive to outcrossing. Outcrossing can reach 70%. In summary, seed production costs are 40% lower than current annual hybrid rice.
3、 利用宿根？,成本低。 宿根杂交稻是稻桩作种再利用， 播种一次 收 5年， 不施药治病虫草。 有些地区可少施或不施氮肥。 长久免耕。 总 之， 可节省大笔生产费用。  3. Using Sugan? ,low cost. Perennial hybrid rice is reused as a rice stump, sowing it once and harvesting it for 5 years. In some areas, nitrogen fertilizer may or may not be applied. Long-term no-till. In short, it can save a lot of production costs.
4、 宿根杂交旱稻和宿根三叶草等绿肥全年严密复盖长久免耕的旱 地坡地， 可防止水土流失。 本发明的最佳实施方式  4. Green manure such as ratoon hybrid upland rice and ratoon clover strictly cover long-term no-till dry land slopes throughout the year to prevent soil erosion. Best Mode of the Invention
本发明的具体实施方法如下：  The specific implementation method of the present invention is as follows:
实施例 1 :  Example 1:
本发明主要包括宿根不育系和恢复系选育，宿根法生产 种子和宿 根利用 三个方面， 按以下各步实现。  The invention mainly includes three aspects of selection of perennial male sterile line and restorer line, seed production by perennial method and utilization of perennial root, which are realized in the following steps.
1、 选育宿根不育系和恢复系。 长药野生稻 O.longistaminata和柳州 野稻 O.rufipogon是理想的宿根野生亲本。粳稻 G4362、 P1839等是丰产 优质和宿根性供体。 用它们分别育成宿根核不育系 GP8A和宿根野败不 育系 CP8A，两类不育系均可有性和无性繁殖。宿根恢复系 G4362，P1839 是直接从粳稻常规品种测出， 也可用现有恢复系与宿根系杂交育出， 宿 根恢复系实行无性繁殖和种子繁殖。 1. Select the perennial male sterile line and the restorer line. Long medicine wild rice O. longistaminata and Liuzhou Wild rice O.rufipogon is the ideal perennial wild parent. Japonica rice G4362, P1839, etc. are high-yield and perennial donors. They were used to breed perennial nuclear sterile line GP8A and perennial wild male sterile line CP8A respectively. Both types of sterile lines can reproduce sexually and asexually. The ratoon restorer lines G4362 and P1839 were measured directly from the conventional varieties of japonica rice, and they can also be bred by cross-existing restorer lines and ratoon roots. The ratoon restorer lines perform asexual reproduction and seed reproduction.
2、 纯合宿根不育系与恢复系杂交得宿根 无性繁殖重现杂种优势 用多年。  2. A homozygous ratoon sterility line and a restorer line cross the ratoon asexual reproduction to reproduce the heterosis. It has been used for many years.
3、 宿根杂交稻在长久免耕的水田或旱地栽培。 宿根稻生长区域内 有益生物如绿肥、 益虫和有益微生物等与有害生物如害虫、 杂草、 病害 等形成自然平衡， 有害生物不易危害成灾。 所以， 宿根稻区基本上不施 药防治病虫草。 稻农的主要田间操作就是收割稻穗。 残茬就地腐解为 月巴， 固氮生物活跃区可不施或少施氮肥。 约四至五年更换一次新宿根组 合。  3. Perennial hybrid rice is cultivated in a long-term no-till paddy or dry land. In the growing area of perennial rice, beneficial organisms such as green manure, beneficial insects, and beneficial microorganisms form a natural balance with harmful organisms such as pests, weeds, and diseases, and harmful organisms are not easy to cause disasters. Therefore, there is basically no application of pesticides to control pests and diseases in the perennial rice area. The main field operation of a rice farmer is to harvest ears of rice. The stubble is decomposed in place to Yueba, and the nitrogen-fixing biologically active area may not be applied with or without nitrogen fertilizer. The Shinjuku-gen combination is replaced approximately every four to five years.
宿根不育系及其配出的宿根 杂交种都有地下根状茎自动移植复 壮， 宿根多年不衰。 根状茎自动移植自行调节田间密度。 而无须人工移 栽复壮和人为调节控制田间密度。  Perennial male sterile lines and their perennial hybrids have undergone automatic transplantation of underground rhizomes for rejuvenation. Automatic rhizome transplantation adjusts field density by itself. There is no need for artificial transplanting to revive and artificially adjust and control the field density.
完全不感光宿根不育系及其完全不感光宿根 的宿根株是连续不 断抽穗成熟， 每个月收割一次， 每年收割多次。 直至初冬才休眠。  The completely insensitive perennial male sterile line and its completely insensitive perennial roots are continuously heading to maturity, harvested once a month, and harvested several times a year. Do not sleep until early winter.
宿根不育系， 特别是由单株无性繁殖而成的不育系可达 100%高纯 度。  Perennial male sterile lines, especially sterile lines made from asexual reproduction of a single plant, can reach 100% high purity.
实施例 2:  Example 2:
1、 复交选育宿根不育系和恢复系  1.Recross breeding for perennial male sterility and restorer lines
光粳 A/柳州野稻 //长药野稻得宿根野栽交？,4020。 从 F2和 F3中选 获根状茎纯合的 4020-821和 4020-824-1。 核不育系栽培稻与 4020 测 交的 再与栽培稻杂交后自交得野生性状已消除的 886A。 用 886A与 4020-821杂交再自交和兄妹交分离出符合生产需要的纯合整齐的强根 状茎耐寒抗旱不落粒宿根核不育系。 核不育系中的可育株经自交选得野 败型宿根保持系。 再与野败不育系连续回交育成宿根野败不育系。 Light japonica A / Liuzhou wild rice // Longyao wild rice got perennial wild planting? , 4020. From F 2 and F 3 , 4020-821 and 4020-824-1 were homozygous for rhizomes. The genic male sterile line and cultivar 4020 were crossed and then crossed with cultivar to self-cross to obtain 886A whose wild traits have been eliminated. A cross between 886A and 4020-821 was used to self-cross and siblings to isolate homozygous and strong rhizomes resistant to cold and drought, and not to fall into grains. The fertile plants in the genic male sterile lines were self-selected to obtain wild-deficient ratoon maintenance lines. Then, continuous backcrossing with the wild sterility line produced the Sugen wild sterility line.
宿根恢复系 G4362、 P1839是直接从粳稻常规品种测出。 也可用现 在恢复系与宿根系杂交育出。 宿根恢复系实行无性繁殖和种子繁殖。  The ratoon restorer lines G4362 and P1839 were measured directly from conventional japonica rice varieties. It can also be bred from the cross between the existing restorer and ratoon. The ratoon restoration system adopts asexual reproduction and seed reproduction.
2、 宿根不育系繁殖和宿根杂交稻种子生产  2. Perennial sterile line propagation and perennial hybrid rice seed production
宿根标记核不育系兄妹交、 自交繁殖、 把兄妹交或自交群体中的雄 可育株完全淘汰只留下不育株宿根繁殖扩大群体。 宿根野败不育系采用 回交繁殖和无性繁殖扩大群体。 Perennial-marked genic male-sterile lines, siblings, self-breeding, complete elimination of male fertile plants in siblings or inbred populations, leaving only sterile plants for perennial reproduction to expand the population. Adopted by Sugeno Male Sterile Line Backcross breeding and asexual breeding expand populations.
宿根不育系与宿根恢复系或一年生恢复系杂交。 因根状茎和抗寒宿 根性都是显性， 所以宿根不育系与恢复系组配出的 必具宿根性。只是 一年生恢复系配出的 Ft组合间宿根性有差异， 可择优利用。 Perennial male sterile lines are crossed with perennial restorer lines or annual restorer lines. Because rhizomes and cold-resistant perennials are dominant, the perennial male sterile and restorer lines must be perennial. It is only that the perennial roots of the F t combinations allocated by the annual restorer line are different, and they can be used optimally.
宿根不育系与宿根恢复系相间种植生产出宿根 Fi杂交种子。有根状 茎的不育系或恢复系自动移植必使父母本交错混合在一起生长。 可混收 后根据父母本谷粒宽度差异用网筛分选出杂交种子。还可在有分离的 群体中单株或集团选择而后宿根无性繁殖利用。  Perennial male sterile lines and perennial restorer lines were planted alternately to produce perennial Fi hybrid seeds. Automatic transplantation of sterile or restorer lines with rhizomes will cause parents to stagger and grow together. After hybrid harvesting, the hybrid seeds are selected by mesh sieving according to the difference in parents' grain width. It can also be selected by individual plants or groups in isolated populations and then asexually reproduced and used.
3、 宿根 杂交稻的生产利用  3. Production and utilization of perennial hybrid rice
宿根杂交稻用谷粒播种建立原生株群体时田间操作与现行一年生 稻相同。 原生株群体， 使是完全不感光的， 出苗后有独立的营养生长期 而后进入生殖生长期开始分化幼穗。 第一次收割后由稻桩产生的宿根株 则不再有专门的营养生长而是出苗与穗分化同步， 一个月后 4-5片叶时 抽穗， 再过 30天穗黄熟。 从出苗至穗黄熟约 60天。 前一批宿根苗穗黄 时， 第二批宿根苗孕穗第三批根蘖出苗。这就是宿根稻的穗分化、抽穗、 穗黄熟三同步， 连续进行。 在热带全年不断有穗黄熟可收。 在亚热带， 月均气温低于 10°C时， 根状茎停止生长而转入休眠， 直至气温回升 > 10 °C后又萌发复生新苗。 夏季气温虽高， 若遇干旱， 根状茎也停止生长而 休眠。 旱后逢雨， 根状茎迅速萌发恢复生机。 休眠避寒避旱性是长药野 稻在上亿年进化中形成的， 而今遗传给了宿根杂交稻。 所以， 冬季宿根 稻不需要人工灌溉， 不人工防寒保护。 本发明的宿根杂交稻冬季可忍受 最冷月均温 5°C， 极值 -7,9°C。  In the case of perennial hybrid rice, the field operation is the same as that of the current annual rice when the native plant population is established by sowing grain. The original plant population is completely non-photosensitive. After emergence, it has an independent vegetative growth stage and then enters the reproductive growth stage to begin to differentiate young ears. After the first harvest, the perennial plants produced by the rice piles no longer have special vegetative growth but emerge in synchronization with the spike differentiation. After one month, 4-5 leaves are used for heading, and the ears are ripe for another 30 days. It takes about 60 days from emergence to ripening. When the previous batch of perennial seedlings were yellow, the third batch of roots of perennial seedlings emerged. This is the three synchronizations of panicle differentiation, heading, and panicle maturity of perennial rice. In the tropics, the ears are ripe for harvest all year round. In the subtropics, when the monthly average temperature is below 10 ° C, the rhizomes stop growing and go to sleep, until the temperature rises> 10 ° C, and then regenerates new seedlings. Although summer temperatures are high, rhizomes will stop growing and dormant in case of drought. When it rains, the rhizomes quickly germinate and recover. Dormancy and cold and drought resistance were formed during the evolution of Changyao wild rice over hundreds of millions of years, and are now inherited to perennial hybrid rice. Therefore, in winter, perennial rice does not need artificial irrigation or artificial cold protection. The perennial hybrid rice of the present invention can tolerate the coldest monthly average temperature of 5 ° C in winter and an extreme value of -7,9 ° C.
宿根杂交稻与现行一年生稻集约栽培相比是较为粗放的。 在相对粗 放的条件下靠宿根稻固定重现杂种优势和每年收割多次而增产。 工业应用性  Perennial hybrid rice is more extensive compared with the current intensive cultivation of annual rice. Under relatively extensive conditions, permanent root rice was used to reproduce heterosis and increase yields by harvesting multiple times per year. Industrial applicability
用本发明的方法产量高。 完全不感光宿根杂交稻没有单独的营养生 长期而充分有效地用光热水条件形成稻谷产量， 宿根稻田每月收割一次 稻穗， 年收多次使年亩总产比现用一年生杂交稻至少增加 20%。 宿根稻 黄熟穗比未抽穗高 30-40cm， 便于人工或机械收割又不伤及下一批新 穗。  The method of the present invention has a high yield. Totally insensitive perennial hybrid rice has no separate vegetative growth period and can effectively and efficiently form rice yield using light and hot water conditions. The perennial paddy field harvests ears of rice once a month, and the annual harvest multiple times makes the total annual acre yield at least lower than the current annual hybrid rice. 20% increase. Perennial rice yellow ripe ears are 30-40cm taller than unpicked ears, which is convenient for manual or mechanical harvesting without harming the next batch of new ears.

Claims

权 利 要 求 Rights request
1、 一种用宿根法生产杂交水稻的方法， 包括不育系、 恢复系选择， 杂种 和杂交稻的生产； 其特征在于： 选择宿根不育系为母本， 选择宿 根恢复系为父本， 配制宿根杂交种， 再用宿根杂交种生产宿根杂交稻。 1. A method for producing hybrid rice by ratoon method, including selection of sterile lines, restorer lines, production of hybrids and hybrid rice; characterized by: selecting ratoon sterile lines as the female parent, and selecting rat restorer lines as the male parent, Perennial hybrids were prepared, and perennial hybrids were used to produce perennial hybrid rice.
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于； 选择的宿根不育系 为 GP8A或者不育系 CP8A。  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the selected perennial sterile line is GP8A or sterile line CP8A.
3、 根据权利要求 1或者 2所述的方法， 其特征在于： 选择的不育 系为完全不感光宿根不育系。  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the selected sterile line is a completely non-photosensitive ratoon sterile line.
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于； 选择的宿根恢复系 是从现有常规品种中测出的 G4362或者 P1839; 也可用现有恢复系与宿 根系杂交选育恢复系。  4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the selected ratoon restorer is G4362 or P1839 measured from the existing conventional varieties; and the restorer can be bred by cross-existing the existing restorer and ratoon.
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于： 杂种 Fi为完全不感 光宿根 F 该宿根 能无性繁殖重现杂种优势多年；且能连续不断抽穗 成熟， 每个月收割一次， 每年收割多次， 直至初冬才休眠。  5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hybrid Fi is completely insensitive to the perennial root F, the perennial root can reproduce asexually as heterogeneous for many years; and it can continuously head to mature, harvest once a month, and harvest more per year Second, do not sleep until early winter.
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于： 用宿根法生产的杂 种 F,， 混收后根据父母本谷粒宽度差异用网筛分选出杂交种子。  6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hybrid F produced by the ratoon method is used to select hybrid seeds by using a mesh sieve according to the difference in parental grain width after mixing.
PCT/CN2000/000075 1999-04-06 2000-04-05 A process for rice production by utilizing perennial rice plants WO2000059292A1 (en)

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