WO2000001786A1 - Procede de strippage extractif de particules solides fluidisees et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre - Google Patents
Procede de strippage extractif de particules solides fluidisees et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000001786A1 WO2000001786A1 PCT/FR1999/001560 FR9901560W WO0001786A1 WO 2000001786 A1 WO2000001786 A1 WO 2000001786A1 FR 9901560 W FR9901560 W FR 9901560W WO 0001786 A1 WO0001786 A1 WO 0001786A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- stripping
- chamber
- enclosure
- particles
- solid particles
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/14—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
- C10G11/18—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the treatment of solid particles in fluidized beds. It relates more particularly to a method and a device for treating, by a fluid flowing against the current, solid particles in a fluidized bed, in particular in order to eliminate the components entrained with these particles, and / or adsorbed thereon. .
- This treatment is commonly designated by the term "stripping".
- the invention applies more particularly to techniques used in the petroleum industry and, in particular, to hydrocarbon conversion processes such as the catalytic cracking process in a fluidized bed (in English, Fluid Catalytic Crac ing, or FCC process). ).
- the hydrocarbon charge is simultaneously vaporized and brought into contact at high temperature with a cracking catalyst, which is kept in suspension in the vapors of the charge.
- a cracking catalyst which is kept in suspension in the vapors of the charge.
- the catalyst is separated from the products obtained.
- the catalyst deactivates rapidly during the short time it is in contact with the charge, mainly due to adsorption of dr-ydrocarbon, as well as a deposit of coke and other contaminants on its active sites.
- the stripper of the FCC process does not has only one agitated extraction stage and can therefore have only very limited effectiveness.
- the main purpose of stripping the catalyst used in this process is to reduce the quantity of hydrocarbons returned to the regenerator.
- hydrocarbons fall into three categories:
- washing dislacement of interstitial hydrocarbons
- a stripper with internals can effectively be less effective than an empty stripper if these interns promote radial mixing and do not reduce axial mixing. With such internals, we get closer to the conditions of a perfectly stirred reactor, and we increase the "bypass" phenomenon.
- the Applicant has established, surprisingly, that a much safer way to improve the efficiency of stripping lies in multi-stage extraction, according to several stripping chambers defined by partitions in the enclosure of the stripper, so that the bubbles which rise in one of the chambers do not have the possibility of bringing catalyst particles back into the previous (upper) chamber.
- the present invention firstly relates to a process for stripping in a fluidized bed solid particles impregnated with hydrocarbons, using a fluid circulating against the current of said particles, carried out in an enclosure comprising, at its upper part, a dilute fluidized zone through which the particles to be stripped, and at its lower part, a zone in a dense fluidized bed, the latter comprising at least two chambers arranged substantially adjacent, each of these chambers having separate means of introduction of solid particles, and in its lower part, separate means for introducing gaseous stripping fluids, this process being characterized in that the solid particles arriving from said diluted fluidized zone are oriented by means of orientation towards the inlet of the first chamber, without being able to penetrate directly into the second chamber, in that the solid particles to be stripped first and completely penetrate into the first chamber through the upper part of the dense fluidized bed, in which they undergo a first stripping, in that the solid particles having undergone this first stripping are then transferred into at least one second chamber which has in its upper part a gas-solid
- the gaseous stripping fluid is steam or nitrogen.
- the flow rate of the stripping fluid from the first chamber is 1.5 to 4 times greater than that from the following chamber or chambers. This configuration allows most of the hydrocarbons entrained by the catalyst (and not adsorbed) to be evacuated in the first stage of the stripper.
- a substantial decrease in the surface speed of the stripping fluid takes place in each stage, resulting in the formation of smaller bubbles, which increases the transfer of hydrocarbons in the gas phase.
- a second object of the invention relates to a stripping device in a fluidized bed of solid particles impregnated with hydrocarbons, using a gaseous fluid circulating against the current of said particles, comprising:
- an enclosure provided with an upper part capable of allowing the formation of a dilute fluidized zone for introducing the solid particles to be stripped, and of a lower part capable of allowing the formation of a dense fluidized zone of stripping, divided into at least two chambers arranged substantially adjacent, each of the chambers comprising a separate introduction device for solid particles and gaseous fluid,
- a conduit connected to the base of the enclosure, for the evacuation of stripped particles this device being characterized in that it comprises in the upper part of the second chamber at least one wall, constituting at least one partition between said chambers, cooperating with a deflector, in order to evacuate the gaseous stripping fluids coming from the second chamber directly towards the diluted fluidized zone, and to direct the fall of the solid particles to be stripped towards the inlet of the first stripping chamber .
- said wall is shaped in the lower part of this first chamber, so as to have at least one opening for the passage of particles from this chamber to the second chamber.
- the wall (s) is (are) arranged (s) substantially vertical (s).
- the wall or walls have symmetry with respect to the longitudinal axis of the stripping enclosure.
- the wall (s) is (are) arranged in the form of transverse partitions.
- the partitions are offset from one another with respect to the longitudinal axis of the stripping enclosure.
- the deflector is arranged along the periphery of the stripping enclosure, above the upper level of the dense fluidized bed, and contiguous with the internal wall of the enclosure.
- the deflector consists of an inclined wall extending from the internal wall of the enclosure in the direction of its axis.
- This deflector concentrates the gaseous fluids extracted from at least the two chambers, above the upper level of the dense fluidized bed, so as to pre-stripping the solid particles entering the first chamber and to limit the re-absorption of hydrocarbons by stripped particles on the surface of the dense fluidized bed.
- FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of the stripping device
- - Figure 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment of the stripping device
- FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a third embodiment of the stripping device
- FIG. 4 shows a top view, in section along I-I, of the embodiment of Figure 3;
- FIG. 5 illustrates a longitudinal sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a multi-stage stripper
- FIGS. 8 to 11 show the distribution curves of the residence time (SDR) of the catalyst as a function of time, for three types of stripper studied.
- the vertical stripping enclosure 1 of substantially cylindrical shape along an axis of symmetry XX ′, comprises at its upper part 2, a diluted fluidized zone 3 serving as introduction of the solid particles of deactivated catalyst, which fall by gravity, after having been separated from the cracked charge of a catalytic cracking device of the FCC type (not shown); these particles form in the lower part 4 of the enclosure 1, a dense fluidized zone 5, the upper level of which is indicated at 6; the stripping chamber 1 also comprises at its base an evacuation duct 7 for the stripped solid particles, towards a regenerator (not shown), in which, in known manner, the coke deposited on the particles of the catalyst is burnt by l 'air.
- the device comprises a wall 8, disposed inside the enclosure 1, of substantially cylindrical shape and coaxial with it, but of smaller height, which thus delimits two stripping chambers or stages 9 , 10 stepped, each provided at their bottom with a device 11,12 for introducing stripping gaseous fluid, in particular steam, in the form of injector rings; the lower end of the wall 8 has a frustoconical shape delimiting a restricted opening 13, in order to limit as much as possible the rise and therefore the evacuation of the gaseous fluid injected at 12 from the lower chamber 10, through the upper chamber 9, while by providing a sufficient cross-section for the catalyst particles leaving it to the second chamber 10.
- the enclosure 1 is provided with a deflector 14 in the form of an annular disc, disposed above the upper level 6 of the fluidized bed and of the upper end of the wall 8, thus delimiting an inlet opening 15 catalyst particles in the first chamber 9, while preventing the direct introduction of catalyst particles into the second chamber 10, through the discharge zone 16 of the stripping gases coming from this chamber 10, this zone being delimited by the 'enclosure 1 and wall 8; this deflector 14 forms an inclined wall fixed to the wall of the enclosure 1 and projecting slightly above the upper end of the wall 8, while leaving a slot or opening 17 for the evacuation of gaseous fluids towards the zone diluted fluidized 3.
- a deflector 14 in the form of an annular disc, disposed above the upper level 6 of the fluidized bed and of the upper end of the wall 8, thus delimiting an inlet opening 15 catalyst particles in the first chamber 9, while preventing the direct introduction of catalyst particles into the second chamber 10, through the discharge zone 16 of the stripping gases coming from this chamber 10, this zone being delimited by the 'enclosure 1 and wall
- this stripping device is as follows: the particles of deactivated catalyst, impregnated with hydrocarbons, penetrate into the diluted fluidized zone 3 of the enclosure 1, are channeled by the deflector 14 and enter by the opening 15 in the first chamber 9 (upper chamber), while undergoing a pre-stripping in contact against the current of the gaseous stripping fluids (in particular steam) coming from the separate evacuation zone 16 as well as from the chamber 9, and which are evacuated after assembly, through the opening 15.
- the gaseous stripping fluids in particular steam
- the particles of catalyst therefore move vertically from top to bottom, and undergo a first stripping in chamber 9, at co our current of the gaseous fluid from the injectors 11, then enter through the opening 13 in the second chamber 10, where they are again brought into contact with a stream of fresh gaseous fluid emitted by the injectors 12, which continues the desorption of the hydrocarbons entrained by these particles; taking into account the frustoconical configuration of the lower end of the wall 8 of the first chamber 9, the gaseous fluid from this chamber 10 is forced to escape through the annular zone 16, without coming into contact with the particles in the chamber 9.
- transverse wall 8 which divides the enclosure 1 into two chambers 9,10, located substantially at the same level, and which provides a opening 13 in the bottom of the enclosure 1, allowing the transverse passage of the stripped particles coming from the first chamber 9 towards the second chamber 10, where they undergo a second stripping by the injectors 12 of gaseous fluid, before being evacuated out of enclosure 1 through conduit 7.
- the device according to the invention comprises an enclosure 101 which is divided into two chambers 109, 110 by a wall 108; this has a symmetry of revolution with respect to the longitudinal axis XX of the enclosure 101, in the form of a cylinder extending by a truncated cone, the base of which is spaced from the wall of the enclosure 101 , so as to leave an opening 113 for the passage of the particles; wall 108 is covered by a cap-shaped cover or deflector 114 which, on the one hand, prevents the direct passage of the particles coming from the diluted fluidized zone 103, towards the chamber 110, on the other hand is provided with slots 117 for the evacuation of the stripping from the injectors 111, 112 supplying the chambers 109 and 110 respectively; this cover 114 can be extended in the chamber 109 by walls 120; the cover 114 then has a cylindrical-conical shape adapted to the geometry of the chamber 110; the operation of the device is as follows: the particles
- the wall 108 can be formed of two parallel plates arranged transversely in the enclosure 101 and forming a transverse partition.
- the stripping device comprises an enclosure 201 in which is disposed a first wall 208, symmetrical with respect to the axis XX 'of the enclosure, of substantially cylindrical shape, the upper edge of which exceeds the upper level 206 of the dense fluidized bed, and the height of which is substantially one third of that of the enclosure; its lower end consists of an inclined plate 218, in the direction of the axis XX 'of the enclosure, forming an angle with the horizontal of approximately 45 ° (angle greater than the slope angle of 32 ° from way to have a satisfactory flow of particles), and delimiting by its lower edge 219 a restricted opening 213, with the opposite wall; the wall 208 and the inclined plate 218 thus delimit a first stripping chamber 209, provided in its bottom with injectors 212 of gaseous stripping fluid; the configuration of the wall 208 makes it possible to limit as much as possible the ascent and therefore the evacuation of
- the enclosure 201 is provided with a deflector or annular cover 214, disposed above the level 206 of the dense fluidized bed and of the upper ends of the wall 208 of the upper chamber 209, thus delimiting an inlet zone 215 of the catalyst particles and of evacuation of the stripping gases coming from the different chambers or stages; this cover 214 forms an inclined wall fixed to the wall of the enclosure 201 and projecting slightly above of the upper walls of the chamber 209, while leaving a slit or opening 217 for the evacuation of gaseous fluids leaving the zones 216 and 216 '.
- this stripping device is identical to the previous ones, the particles of deactivated catalyst therefore moving vertically from top to bottom, undergoing a first stripping in the first chamber 209, against the flow of the gaseous fluid issuing from the injectors 212, then penetrating through the opening 213 in the second chamber 210, where they are again brought into contact with a stream of fresh gaseous fluid emitted by the injectors 212 ', which continues the desorption of the hydrocarbons entrained by these particles, and passing through the opening 213 ′ in the third chamber 211, before being evacuated from the stripper by the conduit 207.
- a stripping device is not limited to the preceding examples, but also includes any arrangement making it possible to compartmentalize the stripping enclosure into several successive stages in which the circulation of the catalyst particles.
- the device according to the invention also allows a reduction in the residence time of the catalyst in the stripper, thereby limiting the secondary cracking and coking reactions.
- the surface gas speed or gas-solid relative speed is lower since the injection flow rate in each stage is divided by the number of stages, for example if there are N stages, the gas flow rate of stripping introduced on each stage will be the N th of the total gas flow.
- the stripping is not limited by the kinetics (relative to the average residence time in industrial strippers which is approximately 60 seconds), the pressure and the temperature seem to have a secondary influence and are, moreover, difficult operating conditions. to be changed on industrial units.
- the fluidizing air is sent in 71 by rings in the two stages; the flow of the upper stage is equal to that of the lower stage (11 m.3 / h); - the speed of the stripping air is therefore equal to:
- the air introduced into the lower stage is evacuated through the annular space provided between the partition walls of the stages and the wall of the stripper enclosure, without entraining any catalyst,
- the extractive stripper greatly reduces the "bypass", which increases the efficiency of extraction of hydrocarbons from the catalyst.
- the retromixing is characterized on the DTS curves previously described, by the length of the troll, that is to say by the time it takes for the curve to return to the baseline, shorter being this time, less being the retromixing.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/720,903 US6652736B1 (en) | 1998-07-02 | 1999-06-29 | Stripping method for extracting solid fluidized particles and implementing device |
EP99926563A EP1097187A1 (fr) | 1998-07-02 | 1999-06-29 | Procede de strippage extractif de particules solides fluidisees et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre |
JP2000558179A JP4255214B2 (ja) | 1998-07-02 | 1999-06-29 | 流動化固体粒子の抽出ストリッピング方法およびこの方法を実施する装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR98/08457 | 1998-07-02 | ||
FR9808457A FR2780663B1 (fr) | 1998-07-02 | 1998-07-02 | Procede de strippage extractif de particules solides fluidisees et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000001786A1 true WO2000001786A1 (fr) | 2000-01-13 |
Family
ID=9528168
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1999/001560 WO2000001786A1 (fr) | 1998-07-02 | 1999-06-29 | Procede de strippage extractif de particules solides fluidisees et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6652736B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1097187A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4255214B2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2780663B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2000001786A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA200007799B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2894842B1 (fr) | 2005-12-21 | 2008-02-01 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Nouveau systeme de separation gaz solide et de stripage pour les unites de craquage catalytique en lit fluidise |
CN102019211B (zh) * | 2009-09-10 | 2012-07-25 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | 再生催化剂的脱气设备和脱气方法 |
CN111056949B (zh) * | 2018-10-17 | 2021-05-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 连续反应、再生、活化制苯胺反应装置及反应方法 |
FR3104468A1 (fr) * | 2019-12-12 | 2021-06-18 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Dispositif et procédé de séparation gaz-solide de craquage catalytique en lit fluidisé avec paroi externe de préstripage verticale. |
CN111854487B (zh) * | 2020-08-19 | 2024-05-14 | 中国石油大学(北京) | 一种区域协同强化的流化床取热器 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0139390A1 (fr) * | 1983-09-06 | 1985-05-02 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Système de cyclone FCC clos avec dispositions pour le cas d'un dégagement brusque |
EP0545771A1 (fr) * | 1991-12-05 | 1993-06-09 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Séparateur extracteur cyclonique à co-courant |
US5284575A (en) * | 1992-09-24 | 1994-02-08 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Process for fast fluidized bed catalyst stripping |
US5393415A (en) * | 1991-12-06 | 1995-02-28 | Uop | FCC process with enclosed vented riser |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5059305A (en) * | 1990-04-16 | 1991-10-22 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Multistage FCC catalyst stripping |
-
1998
- 1998-07-02 FR FR9808457A patent/FR2780663B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-06-29 JP JP2000558179A patent/JP4255214B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-29 WO PCT/FR1999/001560 patent/WO2000001786A1/fr active Application Filing
- 1999-06-29 US US09/720,903 patent/US6652736B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-29 EP EP99926563A patent/EP1097187A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-12-21 ZA ZA200007799A patent/ZA200007799B/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0139390A1 (fr) * | 1983-09-06 | 1985-05-02 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Système de cyclone FCC clos avec dispositions pour le cas d'un dégagement brusque |
EP0545771A1 (fr) * | 1991-12-05 | 1993-06-09 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Séparateur extracteur cyclonique à co-courant |
US5393415A (en) * | 1991-12-06 | 1995-02-28 | Uop | FCC process with enclosed vented riser |
US5284575A (en) * | 1992-09-24 | 1994-02-08 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Process for fast fluidized bed catalyst stripping |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4255214B2 (ja) | 2009-04-15 |
JP2002519503A (ja) | 2002-07-02 |
US6652736B1 (en) | 2003-11-25 |
ZA200007799B (en) | 2002-06-21 |
FR2780663A1 (fr) | 2000-01-07 |
FR2780663B1 (fr) | 2000-09-29 |
EP1097187A1 (fr) | 2001-05-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0719850B1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif pour le strippage de solides fluidisés, et utilisation dans un procédé de craquage à l'état fluide | |
EP2217682B1 (fr) | Procede et dispositif de torrefaction et de broyage en lit fluidise d'une charge de biomasse en vue d'une gazeification ou d'une combustion ulterieure | |
FR2802211A1 (fr) | Procede et dispositif de craquage catalytique comprenant en parallele au moins un reacteur a ecoulement ascendant et au moins un reacteur a ecoulement descendant | |
FR2683743A1 (fr) | Procede et dispositif d'echange thermique de particules solides pour double regeneration en craquage catalytique. | |
EP0184517B1 (fr) | Perfectionnement aux procédés et dispositifs pour le craquage catalytique de charges d'hydrocarbures | |
WO2000001786A1 (fr) | Procede de strippage extractif de particules solides fluidisees et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre | |
CA1333520C (fr) | Mecanisme de chargement-dechargement d'une enceinte fermee utilisable comme cuve d'extraction d'une unite d'extraction en continu de vegetaux et procede d'extraction en comportantapplication | |
FR2669037A1 (fr) | Procede et dispositif d'homogeneisation, a l'interieur d'un reacteur tubulaire de craquage d'hydrocarbures a lit de particules solides fluidisees, du melange de ces particules et des vapeurs d'hydrocarbures a traiter. | |
FR2514478A1 (fr) | Procede et installation pour secher une matiere carbonee par entrainement dans un courant de gaz chaud | |
EP1800728A1 (fr) | Nouveau système de séparation gaz solide et de stripage pour les unités de craquage catalytique en lit fluidisé | |
FR2917306A1 (fr) | Enceinte contenant un lit granulaire et une distribution d'une phase gazeuse et d'une phase liquide circulant en un ecoulement ascendant dans cette enceinte | |
FR2994101A1 (fr) | Procede de traitement de l'air refoule par un sechoir a grains lors du processus de sechage du grain, installation pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procede et sechoir a grains equipe d'une telle installation | |
FR2504547A1 (fr) | Procede pour extraire les hydrocarbures d'un substrat contenant des hydrocarbures et appareil utilisable pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede | |
RU2603209C1 (ru) | Способ непрямой термической сушки дисперсного материала, способ получения очищенного угля, устройство для непрямой термической сушки, и устройство для получения очищенного угля | |
EP0027398B1 (fr) | Procédé et installation pour le traitement d'un gaz par mise en contact d'un courant de ce gaz avec des particules de matière solide | |
EP1016444B1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif pour la séparation rapide de particules solides et de fluides gazeux et leur utilisation | |
FR2757785A1 (fr) | Dispositif pour le traitement de particules solides en lit fluidise, et son utilisation | |
WO2021115794A1 (fr) | Dispositif et procédé de séparation gaz-solide de craquage catalytique en lit fluidisé avec paroi externe de préstripage verticale | |
WO2020126310A1 (fr) | Reacteur tubulaire radial | |
CA2698539C (fr) | Extraction a sec d'huiles minerales | |
EP1354625B1 (fr) | Procédé pour régénérer un substrat minéral de filtration | |
FR2875148A1 (fr) | Installation et methode de melange et de distribution d'une phase liquide et d'une phase gazeuse | |
WO2002049749A1 (fr) | Procede de chargement d'une enceinte avec des particules solides | |
WO2023175384A1 (fr) | Procédé de pyrolyse de la biomasse ligneuse | |
WO1996020258A1 (fr) | Procede et installation de vapocraquage a injection, recuperation et recyclage de particules erosives |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): JP US ZA |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2000/07799 Country of ref document: ZA Ref document number: 200007799 Country of ref document: ZA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1999926563 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP Ref document number: 2000 558179 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 09720903 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1999926563 Country of ref document: EP |